重点话题30人与自然 环境保护 语法填空-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版）

重点话题30人与自然-环境保护 语法填空 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） “人与自然-环境保护”的语法填空高频单词和短语： 一、高频单词 1.名词 environment：环境 pollution：污染 species：物种 conservation：保护；保持 ecology：生态；生态学 2.动词 protect：保护 reduce：减少，降低 preserve：维护，保护，保存；维持。 release：排放；释放；发布 sustain：维持；遭受；承受住 3.形容词 environmental：环境的，有关环境的 harmonious：和谐的 global：全球的，全世界的 sensitive：敏感的；灵敏的 sustainable：可持续的 4.副词 frequently：频繁地，经常 globally：全球地，在全球范围内 ecologically：从生态学的观点看 二、高频短语 carbon dioxide：二氧化碳 fossil fuel：化石燃料 on behalf of：代表 dozens of：许多，很多 take measures to：采取措施做某事 be concerned about：关心；担忧 in harmony with：与…… 和谐相处 be home to：是…… 所在地 contribute to：有助于，促成 at risk of：处于…… 的风险 三、如何运用这些高频单词和短语来提高语法填空的准确率？ 高二英语语法填空中，熟练运用 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题的高频单词和短语可从理解语境、分析句子成分、注意固定搭配等方面入手来提高准确率，以下是具体方法： 1.理解语境 通读全文：在开始答题前，先快速通读全文，了解文章关于 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 的大致主题和内容方向。判断文章是在讲述环境污染问题、环保措施，还是人与自然的关系等，以便对整体语境有一个初步的把握，为后续准确运用高频单词和短语奠定基础。比如，如果文章是在讲全球变暖问题，那么涉及 “global warming”“carbon dioxide” 等相关词汇的可能性就较大。 根据上下文推断：在具体填空时，要紧密结合上下文的语境来选择合适的高频单词或短语。关注前后句之间的逻辑关系、语义关联，确保所填内容在意思上与上下文连贯一致。例如，若前文提到了某种环境问题，后文说需要采取行动，那么就可能要填 “take measures to” 这个短语来衔接。 2.分析句子成分 确定词性需求：通过分析句子结构，判断所缺成分的词性，然后从相应词性的高频单词中选择合适的词。比如，若句子缺少主语，可能需要从 “environment”“pollution”“species” 等名词中选择；若缺少谓语动词，就考虑 “protect”“reduce”“preserve” 等动词。 判断修饰关系：如果需要填的是修饰名词的词，要考虑用形容词，如 “environmental”“harmonious”“sustainable” 等；若修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，则要用副词，像 “frequently”“globally” 等。例如，“The ___ (frequent) of extreme weather events is increasing.” 中，根据句子结构可知这里需要用名词形式 “frequency”，而不能直接用形容词 “frequent”。 3.注意固定搭配 积累并牢记：把 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题中的常见固定搭配和短语，如 “be concerned about”“in harmony with”“be home to” 等牢记于心。在语法填空中，一旦看到相关的提示词或语境，就能迅速反应出应该使用哪个固定搭配。 注意搭配的完整性：在填写固定搭配时，要确保搭配的各个部分都完整、正确。比如 “contribute to” 中的 “to” 是介词，后面要接名词或动名词形式，如果写成 “contribute for” 就是错误的。 4注意语法规则 词形变化：根据语法规则，对高频单词进行正确的词形变化。比如，名词可能需要根据语境变为复数形式，如 “species” 单复数同形，但在表示多个物种时要用 “species”；动词要根据时态、语态和主谓一致等进行变化，如 “Many species are being ___ (threaten) by human activities.” 中，要用 “threatened” 来构成被动语态。 短语的语法功能：了解高频短语在句子中的语法功能，如 “take measures to” 后面要接动词原形，“at risk of” 后面要接名词或动名词等。例如，“We are at risk of ___ (lose) many precious species.” 中，要用 “losing”。 5.检查与验证 整体检查：完成填空后，再次通读全文，检查所填的高频单词和短语是否使文章在语法上正确、语义上通顺、逻辑上连贯。尤其要注意所填内容与上下文的衔接是否自然，有没有出现语法错误或搭配不当的情况。 细节检查：检查单词的拼写是否正确，短语的使用是否符合习惯用法，以及语法形式是否准确。比如，“sustainable” 不要误写成 “sustanable”，“be home to” 中的 “to” 不能遗漏等。 四、高二英语“人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题下语法填空的答题技巧 高二英语 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题下的语法填空有一定的答题技巧，涵盖快速浏览、判断词性、分析句子结构、考虑固定搭配等方面，以下具体介绍： 1.快速浏览全文 把握主题方向：迅速浏览文章，确定是聚焦于环境污染现象、环保行动措施，还是人与自然的和谐关系等具体方向。比如文章若围绕森林砍伐展开，可能会涉及 “deforestation” 等相关词汇。 了解大致内容：知晓文章是说明性、议论性还是叙述性，明确文章的整体框架和大致内容，为后续填空建立整体认知。 2.精准判断词性 根据句子成分判断：若空格处在主语或宾语位置，通常需填名词，如 “____ protection is of great importance”，这里就可能填 “Environmental” 对应的名词 “Environment”；若在谓语位置，一般是动词，如 “Humans should ____ (protect) the ecosystem”，需填动词 “protect”；修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词用副词。 依据上下文逻辑判断：根据上下文的语义逻辑来确定词性。如前文说 “Pollution is a serious problem”，后文提到 “it affects our life ____”，根据逻辑这里需要一个副词来修饰 “affects”，可能填 “seriously”。 3.仔细分析句子结构 确定从句类型：若句子中有从句，要判断是定语从句、名词性从句还是状语从句等，然后根据不同从句的特点来填空。比如 “The place ____ we live is facing environmental problems”，这里是定语从句，先行词是 “place”，在从句中作地点状语，所以填 “where”。 注意并列句和复合句：对于并列句，要注意前后句的逻辑关系和时态一致性；复合句要注意主从句之间的关系和时态搭配。例如 “And” 连接的并列句，前后句的时态和结构通常保持一致。 4.考虑固定搭配与习惯用法 短语搭配：牢记 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题相关的固定短语，如 “be harmful to”“in favor of”“make a contribution to” 等，根据语境准确运用。如 “He is always ____ favor of environmental protection activities”，应填 “in”。 习惯用法：注意一些单词的习惯用法，如 “it is + adj. + to do sth.” 结构，“It is necessary ____ (take) action to protect the environment”，就需要填 “to take”。 5.关注语法规则与特殊情况 时态和语态：根据上下文语境和时间状语来确定时态，同时注意主被动语态。如 “Many trees ____ (cut) down every year”，根据 “every year” 可知用一般现在时，“trees” 和 “cut” 是被动关系，所以填 “are cut”。 主谓一致：确保主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。如 “The environment, together with all the living things in it, ____ (need) our protection”，这里的主语是 “The environment”，是单数，所以填 “needs”。 词性转换特殊情况：有些单词的词性转换有特殊规则，如 “pollute” 的名词形式是 “pollution”，形容词形式是 “polluted” 或 “polluting”，要准确记忆和运用。 6.检查答案 语法检查：检查所填内容在语法上是否正确，包括词性、时态、语态、主谓一致、从句引导词等是否使用正确。 语义检查：通读全文，确保所填内容使文章语义连贯、逻辑合理，符合 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 的主题。 五、高二英语“人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题下语法填空的考法考点 高二英语 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题下的语法填空主要围绕词汇、语法、语篇理解等方面设置考法考点，具体如下： 1.词汇考点 词性转换 常考形容词与名词、动词与名词、形容词与副词之间的转换。例如：“environment”（名词）与 “environmental”（形容词），“pollute”（动词）与 “pollution”（名词），“frequent”（形容词）与 “frequently”（副词）等。要求考生根据句子成分和语境准确判断所需词性并进行正确转换。 固定搭配与短语 涉及与主题相关的大量固定搭配和短语，如 “be concerned about”“contribute to”“in harmony with”“take measures to”“be home to” 等。考查考生对这些搭配和短语的记忆及在语境中的正确运用。 2.语法考点 动词的时态和语态 结合上下文语境，考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态，以及主动语态和被动语态的用法。例如：“The air quality in the city ____ (improve) in the past few years.” 应填 “has improved”，考查现在完成时。 可能会出现一些表示时间的标志词或根据上下文逻辑来确定时态和语态。 非谓语动词 考查不定式、动名词、分词作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。如 “____ (protect) the environment is our responsibility.” 中，“To protect” 或 “Protecting” 作主语。 要求考生掌握非谓语动词的各种用法及在不同语境中的区别。 3.从句 定语从句：考查关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（where, when, why）的用法，如 “I still remember the park ____ we planted trees last year.” 需填 “where”。 名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，考查连接词（that, whether, if, what, who, when, where 等）的选择。 状语从句：考查时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句的连接词，如 “____ it rains tomorrow, we will still go to pick up rubbish in the park.” 应填 “Even if”。 4.主谓一致 考查主语为单数或复数时，谓语动词的形式变化。如 “Either you or he ____ (be) responsible for the project of environmental protection.” 根据就近原则应填 “is”。 涉及一些特殊情况，如集体名词作主语、由 with, together with 等连接的并列主语等的主谓一致问题。 5.冠词、介词和代词 冠词：考查不定冠词 a/an 和定冠词 the 的用法，如 “____ elephant is a symbol of the natural environment.” 应填 “An”。 介词：考查与主题相关的介词搭配，如 “in, on, at, for, of” 等在不同语境中的用法。 代词：考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等的用法，如 “Everyone should do ____ (they) part to protect the environment.” 应填 “their”。 6.语篇理解考点 上下文逻辑关系 要求考生根据文章的逻辑关系，填写合适的连接词或过渡词，如 “however”“therefore”“besides”“moreover” 等，使文章语义连贯。 例如：“The government has taken many measures to protect the environment. ____, there is still a long way to go.” 这里应填 “However”，表示转折关系。 词汇复现与语境推断 利用词汇复现（原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现等）来设置考点，考生需要根据上下文出现的相关词汇来推断空格处的答案。 如前文提到 “pollution”，后文可能会出现 “reduce pollution”“combat pollution” 等相关表达，通过这种联系来考查考生对语境的理解和词汇的运用能力。 六、“人与自然-环境保护”语法填空精练题 （24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 A wild Siberian tiger 1 (spot) near Changbai Mountain in Northeast China’ s Jilin Province on Tuesday, marking the return of the species 2 the mountain after 30 years. The Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve Management Center said such 3 discovery shows an expansion of the tiger’s habitat. After they discovered the tiger, nine cameras were placed near the site. The staff quickly drew up a plan 4 (prevent) human-tiger problems. They took measures like setting up signs to warn people about the tiger’s 5 (present). 6 the center proudly pointed out, in recent years, remarkable achievements have been made in Jilin’s ecological conservation (生态保护) journey. By strictly stopping hunting and commercial logging (伐木) in its natural forests, Jilin has built good protection for its ecosystems. As a result, the Changbai Mountain forests have become a haven for wildlife. 7 (found) in October 2021, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is located at the junction of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in China. Thousands of officers have been patrolling (巡逻) the 14,100 square kilometers of the Siberian tiger habitat. In 2021, a joint research effort 8 (involve) Northeast Forestry University, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration’ s feline research center, and institutions including the University of California in the United States showed that the northeastern region of China is a key habitat for Siberian tigers and could 9 (potential) support over 300 of the tigers in the future. With the rapid loss of tiger habitats around the world, China’s potential for the recovery of the Siberian tiger population and its habitat is 10 (consider). （24-25高二上·安徽阜阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nature has many lessons to offer, and some of her teachers wear feathers. If that is the case, Southwest China’s Sichuan province, 11 has a diverse wild bird population of more than 700 species, has a numerous and diverse faculty. Shen You, a bird-watcher in Chengdu, says his pastime has turned him into a lifelong 12 (learn). The 47-year-old has many things 13 (share) — his passion of bird-watching, his own life philosophy, useful parenting methods and a vision for the ecotourism industry. He became 14 (interest) in bird-watching in the early 2000s when he was a student in Chengdu University. In 2003, he found that there was a bird-watching section 15 the Chinese website of the World Wide Fund for Nature, on which he started to bond with other enthusiasts. The next year, he 16 (found) the Chengdu Bird Watching Society, a beginning for his future career as an environmentalist. Since then, he 17 (work) with other enthusiasts to promote bird-watching in communities, schools and out in the wild. “Nowadays, we can see 18 increasing number of people joining us,” he says. 19 has motivated Shen to attract more members to the society is his vision to develop bird-watching-based ecotourism, 20 (provide) new income while enhancing villagers’ awareness of environmental protection and wildlife conservation. （24-25高二上·重庆渝中·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（1-3词）。 The Crystal, located in London’s Royal Victoria Dock, is an award-winning building 21 (serve) as a modern and renewable energy technology model. It emphasizes environmentally-friendly 22 (practice) and services, seeking to inspire a worldwide sustainable transformation. The Crystal 23 (power) by a combination of renewable energy sources, including solar and wind. Boasting a zero carbon footprint, the building has 24 range of energy-saving and energy-generating features, including photovoltaic panels (光伏板) 25 generate electricity from the sun. The building’s sustainability is further evident in 26 (it) expansive green roof, which is insulated (绝缘的), making it cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter while also providing a habitat for birds and other wildlife. Inside the building, some sensors (传感器) are designed to detect movement 27 adjust the lighting accordingly to maximize energy efficiency. In addition to its sustainability 28 (achieve) through energy efficiency, The Crystal is committed to spreading the message of sustainability. The Crystal 29 (offer) workshops, seminars, and other events to inspire others to reduce their carbon footprints and lead more sustainable lifestyles. The Crystal is a shining beacon of sustainability and an example of renewable energy’s immense potential. Through its commitment to sustainability and its pioneering use of renewable energy sources, The Crystal is an outstanding example of 30 can be accomplished when we prioritize sustainability. （24-25高二上·四川泸州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Climbers have left behind an estimated fifty 31 (ton) of waste on Mt Everest, the world’s highest mountain. The government of Nepal has tried many different ways of 32 (get) the visitors to clean up after themselves, including ruling that climbers have to collect and carry out 18 pounds of garbage every time they visit or pay a huge fine. Now, a new innovative way to remove the trash was tested, using unmanned “heavy lifter” drones (无人机) 33 (carry) it out by air. Prior to the drones, taking the garbage away 34 the mountain was a tough task usually done by Sherpas, the local people living in the area. But the work is difficult 35 dangerous. In 2014, an avalanche (雪崩) covered 16 Sherpa guides in the icefall. Last year, three guides preparing routes 36 (bury) under ice. In April, 2024, Chinese drone maker DIJ conducted the first trial on Mt Everest. The test showed that the DJI FlyCart 30, 37 long-distance heavy lifter drone, could airlift 234 kilograms per hour, and bring it to the base camp. “After a 38 (success) test in April, we plan to use drones commercially in the Everest region,” said Jagat Bhusal, chief administration officer 39 hosts Everest. In the fall, the drones will be employed to clean up Ama Dablam, south of Everest. Then in the spring of 2025, the work will begin. While some local jobs will be lost, improving safety is the first goal. Cleaning up Everest is getting much safer and more efficient than before. 40 (certain), that’s a cause to celebrate. （24-25高二上·甘肃兰州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式 In November 2023, China launched a three-year action plan to promote the use of bamboo as a replacement 41 plastic. Actually, I 42 (use) bamboo products more often over the years. The look and feel of bamboo are absolutely above and beyond plastic, but there must be more positive aspects to bamboo other than just aesthetics (美学). When compared to 43 (healthy) plastic, bamboo is a highly renewable, natural material that is biodegradable (可生物降解的) and 44 (become) the “green gold” of modern times in recent years because it has so many good qualities. 45 (live) in a time when most of our homes are filled with plastic, I think it’s time to wake up to the green alternative and realize its full potential as a planet protector. This super-powered plant is actually a grass and looks like a weed in terms of 46 quickly, it can grow and where 47 can live. The production costs of bamboo are extremely low due to the easy 48 (available) of this material, and it requires almost zero adjustment 49 (make) when people produce bamboo products. From household objects to decorative settings, the quantity of uses that bamboo has goes beyond your wildest dreams and I’d love to see it becoming more popular 50 time goes on. （24-25高二上·四川德阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the early days of the People’s Republic of China, Youyu county, 51 (locate) at the edge of the Maowusu Desert, had a green coverage ratio of less than 0.3 percent. Over the past seven decades, continuous efforts have increased the county’s green coverage 52 68 percent, turning barren land into 53 oasis (绿洲), which shows how China’s national efforts are transforming the environment. China’s forest coverage rate has risen from 8.6 percent to more than 24 percent. Since the start of this century, it is estimated that China 54 (contribute) around a quarter of the world’s new green areas, according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program, 55 was started in 1978, has effectively limited desertification (沙漠化) and sandstorms, forming a “green great wall.” By 2020, afforestation (植树造林) was completed on 480 million mu of land, 56 (raise) forest from around 5 percent in 1978 to about 14 percent in these regions. What makes this program 57 (remark) is its impact on conserving water, soil, and agriculture. Efforts persist today with new programs 58 (design) to prevent land degradation. The goal is to improve ecological resilience and protect agriculture 59 (global). This transformation is one of the most important environmental 60 (achievement). （24-25高二上·甘肃酒泉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times 61 life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, 62 (know) as the “Great Dying” which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, which 63 (occur) 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are 64 (vary). According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids 65 (hit) the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate 66 which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate” They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. 67 is clear that human activity has 68 (negative) affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, as we 69 (human) depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, 70 without clean water we would be unable to survive. （2023高二上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Despite occupying a relatively small area, rainforests have an important role to play in maintaining the world and they are home to a rich 71 (various) of medicinal plants, birds and animals. As the lungs of the planet, rainforests have their own perfect system, 72 ensures their own survival. The tall trees make a canopy (顶篷) of branches and leaves that protect themselves, smaller plants and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat 73 (release) from the sun and strong winds. 74 (amazing), the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch 75 of another tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate way 76 (prevent) the spread of any tree discases. The ground floor of the forest is not all twisted leaves and bushes, 77 a fairly clear land. It is where leaves transform 78 food for the trees and other forest life. Worryingly, rainforests around the world are disappearing at 79 alarming rate. A few thousand years ago, rainforests 80 (cover) as much as 12 per cent of the land surface on Earth, but today this has fallen to less than 7 per cent. （24-25高二上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Not all famous national parks are on land. Some national parks are marine parks. One good example of this is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia. 81 (stretch) over 2,300 kilometers, the Great Barrier Reef is considered one of the natural wonders of the world. It is the largest structure in the world made by living creatures. A wide variety of tropical wildlife also 82 (make) the reef its home. Since the Great Barrier Reef is just below the surface of the water, it is an excellent place 83 (see) nature, and millions of people travel there every year. The park was created in 1975 to protect the reef 84 overdevelopment and fishing. Unfortunately, the 85 (big) danger to the Great Barrier Reef is something park 86 (manage) cannot stop — global warming. Rising ocean temperatures are causing some coral to die 87 the colourful reefs to turn grey. Hundreds of years ago, people could not imagine that there would ever be a time 88 forests would be cut down, oceans would become 89 (pollute), and wildlife would face extinction. Facing the problems of environment pollution and overdevelopment, some national parks have been set aside to protect both natural features and wildlife. 90 protection of natural areas has attracted much media attention, and now more and more people are supporting the idea of eco-friendly development. （24-25高二上·云南曲靖·期末）阅读下面短文，在空自处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Not all famous national parks 91 (be) on land. Some of 92 (they) are marine parks. One good example is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, 93 (stretch) over 2,300 kilometres, the Great Barrier Reef is considered one of the natural 94 (wonder) of the world. It is the 95 (large) structure in the world made by living creatures. Because the Great Barrier Reef is just below the surface of the water, it is 96 excellent place to see nature. The park was created in 1975 to prevent the reefs 97 overdevelopment. Unfortunately, the biggest danger to the Great Barrier Reef is something park management cannot stop global warming. Rising ocean temperatures are causing some coral to die 98 the colourful reefs to turn grey. Hundreds of years ago, people could not imagine that there would ever be a time 99 oceans would become polluted, forests would 100 (cut) down, and wildlife would face extinction. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重点话题30人与自然-环境保护 语法填空 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） “人与自然-环境保护”的语法填空高频单词和短语： 一、高频单词 1.名词 environment：环境 pollution：污染 species：物种 conservation：保护；保持 ecology：生态；生态学 2.动词 protect：保护 reduce：减少，降低 preserve：维护，保护，保存；维持。 release：排放；释放；发布 sustain：维持；遭受；承受住 3.形容词 environmental：环境的，有关环境的 harmonious：和谐的 global：全球的，全世界的 sensitive：敏感的；灵敏的 sustainable：可持续的 4.副词 frequently：频繁地，经常 globally：全球地，在全球范围内 ecologically：从生态学的观点看 二、高频短语 carbon dioxide：二氧化碳 fossil fuel：化石燃料 on behalf of：代表 dozens of：许多，很多 take measures to：采取措施做某事 be concerned about：关心；担忧 in harmony with：与…… 和谐相处 be home to：是…… 所在地 contribute to：有助于，促成 at risk of：处于…… 的风险 三、如何运用这些高频单词和短语来提高语法填空的准确率？ 高二英语语法填空中，熟练运用 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题的高频单词和短语可从理解语境、分析句子成分、注意固定搭配等方面入手来提高准确率，以下是具体方法： 1.理解语境 通读全文：在开始答题前，先快速通读全文，了解文章关于 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 的大致主题和内容方向。判断文章是在讲述环境污染问题、环保措施，还是人与自然的关系等，以便对整体语境有一个初步的把握，为后续准确运用高频单词和短语奠定基础。比如，如果文章是在讲全球变暖问题，那么涉及 “global warming”“carbon dioxide” 等相关词汇的可能性就较大。 根据上下文推断：在具体填空时，要紧密结合上下文的语境来选择合适的高频单词或短语。关注前后句之间的逻辑关系、语义关联，确保所填内容在意思上与上下文连贯一致。例如，若前文提到了某种环境问题，后文说需要采取行动，那么就可能要填 “take measures to” 这个短语来衔接。 2.分析句子成分 确定词性需求：通过分析句子结构，判断所缺成分的词性，然后从相应词性的高频单词中选择合适的词。比如，若句子缺少主语，可能需要从 “environment”“pollution”“species” 等名词中选择；若缺少谓语动词，就考虑 “protect”“reduce”“preserve” 等动词。 判断修饰关系：如果需要填的是修饰名词的词，要考虑用形容词，如 “environmental”“harmonious”“sustainable” 等；若修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，则要用副词，像 “frequently”“globally” 等。例如，“The ___ (frequent) of extreme weather events is increasing.” 中，根据句子结构可知这里需要用名词形式 “frequency”，而不能直接用形容词 “frequent”。 3.注意固定搭配 积累并牢记：把 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题中的常见固定搭配和短语，如 “be concerned about”“in harmony with”“be home to” 等牢记于心。在语法填空中，一旦看到相关的提示词或语境，就能迅速反应出应该使用哪个固定搭配。 注意搭配的完整性：在填写固定搭配时，要确保搭配的各个部分都完整、正确。比如 “contribute to” 中的 “to” 是介词，后面要接名词或动名词形式，如果写成 “contribute for” 就是错误的。 4注意语法规则 词形变化：根据语法规则，对高频单词进行正确的词形变化。比如，名词可能需要根据语境变为复数形式，如 “species” 单复数同形，但在表示多个物种时要用 “species”；动词要根据时态、语态和主谓一致等进行变化，如 “Many species are being ___ (threaten) by human activities.” 中，要用 “threatened” 来构成被动语态。 短语的语法功能：了解高频短语在句子中的语法功能，如 “take measures to” 后面要接动词原形，“at risk of” 后面要接名词或动名词等。例如，“We are at risk of ___ (lose) many precious species.” 中，要用 “losing”。 5.检查与验证 整体检查：完成填空后，再次通读全文，检查所填的高频单词和短语是否使文章在语法上正确、语义上通顺、逻辑上连贯。尤其要注意所填内容与上下文的衔接是否自然，有没有出现语法错误或搭配不当的情况。 细节检查：检查单词的拼写是否正确，短语的使用是否符合习惯用法，以及语法形式是否准确。比如，“sustainable” 不要误写成 “sustanable”，“be home to” 中的 “to” 不能遗漏等。 四、高二英语“人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题下语法填空的答题技巧 高二英语 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题下的语法填空有一定的答题技巧，涵盖快速浏览、判断词性、分析句子结构、考虑固定搭配等方面，以下具体介绍： 1.快速浏览全文 把握主题方向：迅速浏览文章，确定是聚焦于环境污染现象、环保行动措施，还是人与自然的和谐关系等具体方向。比如文章若围绕森林砍伐展开，可能会涉及 “deforestation” 等相关词汇。 了解大致内容：知晓文章是说明性、议论性还是叙述性，明确文章的整体框架和大致内容，为后续填空建立整体认知。 2.精准判断词性 根据句子成分判断：若空格处在主语或宾语位置，通常需填名词，如 “____ protection is of great importance”，这里就可能填 “Environmental” 对应的名词 “Environment”；若在谓语位置，一般是动词，如 “Humans should ____ (protect) the ecosystem”，需填动词 “protect”；修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词用副词。 依据上下文逻辑判断：根据上下文的语义逻辑来确定词性。如前文说 “Pollution is a serious problem”，后文提到 “it affects our life ____”，根据逻辑这里需要一个副词来修饰 “affects”，可能填 “seriously”。 3.仔细分析句子结构 确定从句类型：若句子中有从句，要判断是定语从句、名词性从句还是状语从句等，然后根据不同从句的特点来填空。比如 “The place ____ we live is facing environmental problems”，这里是定语从句，先行词是 “place”，在从句中作地点状语，所以填 “where”。 注意并列句和复合句：对于并列句，要注意前后句的逻辑关系和时态一致性；复合句要注意主从句之间的关系和时态搭配。例如 “And” 连接的并列句，前后句的时态和结构通常保持一致。 4.考虑固定搭配与习惯用法 短语搭配：牢记 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题相关的固定短语，如 “be harmful to”“in favor of”“make a contribution to” 等，根据语境准确运用。如 “He is always ____ favor of environmental protection activities”，应填 “in”。 习惯用法：注意一些单词的习惯用法，如 “it is + adj. + to do sth.” 结构，“It is necessary ____ (take) action to protect the environment”，就需要填 “to take”。 5.关注语法规则与特殊情况 时态和语态：根据上下文语境和时间状语来确定时态，同时注意主被动语态。如 “Many trees ____ (cut) down every year”，根据 “every year” 可知用一般现在时，“trees” 和 “cut” 是被动关系，所以填 “are cut”。 主谓一致：确保主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。如 “The environment, together with all the living things in it, ____ (need) our protection”，这里的主语是 “The environment”，是单数，所以填 “needs”。 词性转换特殊情况：有些单词的词性转换有特殊规则，如 “pollute” 的名词形式是 “pollution”，形容词形式是 “polluted” 或 “polluting”，要准确记忆和运用。 6.检查答案 语法检查：检查所填内容在语法上是否正确，包括词性、时态、语态、主谓一致、从句引导词等是否使用正确。 语义检查：通读全文，确保所填内容使文章语义连贯、逻辑合理，符合 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 的主题。 五、高二英语“人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题下语法填空的考法考点 高二英语 “人与自然 - 环境保护” 主题下的语法填空主要围绕词汇、语法、语篇理解等方面设置考法考点，具体如下： 1.词汇考点 词性转换 常考形容词与名词、动词与名词、形容词与副词之间的转换。例如：“environment”（名词）与 “environmental”（形容词），“pollute”（动词）与 “pollution”（名词），“frequent”（形容词）与 “frequently”（副词）等。要求考生根据句子成分和语境准确判断所需词性并进行正确转换。 固定搭配与短语 涉及与主题相关的大量固定搭配和短语，如 “be concerned about”“contribute to”“in harmony with”“take measures to”“be home to” 等。考查考生对这些搭配和短语的记忆及在语境中的正确运用。 2.语法考点 动词的时态和语态 结合上下文语境，考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态，以及主动语态和被动语态的用法。例如：“The air quality in the city ____ (improve) in the past few years.” 应填 “has improved”，考查现在完成时。 可能会出现一些表示时间的标志词或根据上下文逻辑来确定时态和语态。 非谓语动词 考查不定式、动名词、分词作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。如 “____ (protect) the environment is our responsibility.” 中，“To protect” 或 “Protecting” 作主语。 要求考生掌握非谓语动词的各种用法及在不同语境中的区别。 3.从句 定语从句：考查关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（where, when, why）的用法，如 “I still remember the park ____ we planted trees last year.” 需填 “where”。 名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，考查连接词（that, whether, if, what, who, when, where 等）的选择。 状语从句：考查时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句的连接词，如 “____ it rains tomorrow, we will still go to pick up rubbish in the park.” 应填 “Even if”。 4.主谓一致 考查主语为单数或复数时，谓语动词的形式变化。如 “Either you or he ____ (be) responsible for the project of environmental protection.” 根据就近原则应填 “is”。 涉及一些特殊情况，如集体名词作主语、由 with, together with 等连接的并列主语等的主谓一致问题。 5.冠词、介词和代词 冠词：考查不定冠词 a/an 和定冠词 the 的用法，如 “____ elephant is a symbol of the natural environment.” 应填 “An”。 介词：考查与主题相关的介词搭配，如 “in, on, at, for, of” 等在不同语境中的用法。 代词：考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等的用法，如 “Everyone should do ____ (they) part to protect the environment.” 应填 “their”。 6.语篇理解考点 上下文逻辑关系 要求考生根据文章的逻辑关系，填写合适的连接词或过渡词，如 “however”“therefore”“besides”“moreover” 等，使文章语义连贯。 例如：“The government has taken many measures to protect the environment. ____, there is still a long way to go.” 这里应填 “However”，表示转折关系。 词汇复现与语境推断 利用词汇复现（原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现等）来设置考点，考生需要根据上下文出现的相关词汇来推断空格处的答案。 如前文提到 “pollution”，后文可能会出现 “reduce pollution”“combat pollution” 等相关表达，通过这种联系来考查考生对语境的理解和词汇的运用能力。 六、“人与自然-环境保护”语法填空精练题 （24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 A wild Siberian tiger 1 (spot) near Changbai Mountain in Northeast China’ s Jilin Province on Tuesday, marking the return of the species 2 the mountain after 30 years. The Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve Management Center said such 3 discovery shows an expansion of the tiger’s habitat. After they discovered the tiger, nine cameras were placed near the site. The staff quickly drew up a plan 4 (prevent) human-tiger problems. They took measures like setting up signs to warn people about the tiger’s 5 (present). 6 the center proudly pointed out, in recent years, remarkable achievements have been made in Jilin’s ecological conservation (生态保护) journey. By strictly stopping hunting and commercial logging (伐木) in its natural forests, Jilin has built good protection for its ecosystems. As a result, the Changbai Mountain forests have become a haven for wildlife. 7 (found) in October 2021, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is located at the junction of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in China. Thousands of officers have been patrolling (巡逻) the 14,100 square kilometers of the Siberian tiger habitat. In 2021, a joint research effort 8 (involve) Northeast Forestry University, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration’ s feline research center, and institutions including the University of California in the United States showed that the northeastern region of China is a key habitat for Siberian tigers and could 9 (potential) support over 300 of the tigers in the future. With the rapid loss of tiger habitats around the world, China’s potential for the recovery of the Siberian tiger population and its habitat is 10 (consider). 【答案】 1．was spotted 2．to 3．a 4．to prevent 5．presence 6．As 7．Founded 8．involving 9．potentially 10．considerable 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在中国东北吉林省长白山附近发现野生西伯利亚虎的事件，以及中国在生态保护方面取得的成就和对西伯利亚虎种群恢复潜力的评价。 1．考查时态语态。句意：周二，在中国东北吉林省的长白山附近发现了一只野生东北虎，这标志着该物种在30年后重返长白山。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“on Tuesday”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“A wild Siberian tiger”，单数，和动词“spot”之间为被动关系。故填was spotted。 2．考查介词。句意：周二，在中国东北吉林省的长白山附近发现了一只野生东北虎，这标志着该物种在30年后重返长白山。空处为介词形式，和“return”构成搭配，意为“重返……”（return to + 地点），符合句意。故填to。 3．考查冠词。句意：长白山自然保护区管理中心表示，这一发现表明老虎的栖息地有所扩大。修饰名词单数discovery，表示泛指，discovery以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：同时，工作人员迅速制定了一项计划，以避免人与老虎之间产生冲突。空处为非谓语动词担当名词“plan”的后置定语，用动词不定式形式。故填to prevent。 5．考查名词。句意：他们采取了诸如设置警示标志等措施，提醒人们老虎的存在。空处为名词形式作宾语，意为“存在”，presence为不可数名词。故填presence。 6．考查定语从句。句意：正如该中心自豪地指出的，近年来，吉林在生态保护征程中取得了显著成就。空处为定语从句的关系词；该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句内容，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，意为“正如”，从句出现在句首，用关系代词as引导，首字母大写。故填As。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：东北虎豹国家公园成立于2021年10月，位于中国吉林和黑龙江两省交界处。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；主语“the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park”和动词“found”之间为逻辑被动关系，用过去分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Founded。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：2021年，东北林业大学、国家林业和草原局猫科动物研究中心，以及美国加利福尼亚大学等机构共同开展的一项研究表明，中国东北地区是东北虎的关键栖息地，未来有望容纳300 多只东北虎。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“effort”和动词“involve”之间为逻辑主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填involving。 9．考查副词。句意：2021年，东北林业大学、国家林业和草原局猫科动物研究中心，以及美国加利福尼亚大学等机构共同开展的一项研究表明，中国东北地区是东北虎的关键栖息地，未来有望容纳300 多只东北虎。修饰动词“support”用副词potentially作状语。故填potentially。 10．考查形容词。句意：鉴于全球范围内老虎栖息地迅速减少，中国在东北虎种群及其栖息地恢复方面的潜力十分可观。空处为形容词considerable担当表语，意为“客观的”。故填considerable。 （24-25高二上·安徽阜阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nature has many lessons to offer, and some of her teachers wear feathers. If that is the case, Southwest China’s Sichuan province, 11 has a diverse wild bird population of more than 700 species, has a numerous and diverse faculty. Shen You, a bird-watcher in Chengdu, says his pastime has turned him into a lifelong 12 (learn). The 47-year-old has many things 13 (share) — his passion of bird-watching, his own life philosophy, useful parenting methods and a vision for the ecotourism industry. He became 14 (interest) in bird-watching in the early 2000s when he was a student in Chengdu University. In 2003, he found that there was a bird-watching section 15 the Chinese website of the World Wide Fund for Nature, on which he started to bond with other enthusiasts. The next year, he 16 (found) the Chengdu Bird Watching Society, a beginning for his future career as an environmentalist. Since then, he 17 (work) with other enthusiasts to promote bird-watching in communities, schools and out in the wild. “Nowadays, we can see 18 increasing number of people joining us,” he says. 19 has motivated Shen to attract more members to the society is his vision to develop bird-watching-based ecotourism, 20 (provide) new income while enhancing villagers’ awareness of environmental protection and wildlife conservation. 【答案】 11．which 12．learner 13．to share 14．interested 15．on 16．founded 17．has been working 18．an 19．What 20．providing 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成都观鸟人沈尤成立成都观鸟协会，与其他爱好者合作，在社区、学校和野外推广观鸟活动。 11．考查定语从句。句意：如果是这样的话，中国西南部的四川省拥有700多种多样的野生鸟类，拥有数量众多、种类繁多的“教师”队伍。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Sichuan province，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。 12．考查名词。句意：成都观鸟人沈尤说，他的业余爱好让他成为了终身学习者。作宾语，表示“学习者”用名词learner，不定冠词提示用单数。故填learner。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：47岁的他要分享的东西很多——他对观鸟的热情，他自己的生活哲学，有用的育儿方法，以及对生态旅游业的愿景。此处share修饰名词things，用不定式作后置定语。故填to share。 14．考查形容词。句意：21世纪初，当他还是成都大学的一名学生时，他对观鸟产生了兴趣。作表语，主语为人，应用形容词interested。故填interested。 15．考查介词。句意：2003年，他在世界自然基金会的中文网站上发现了一个观鸟版块，并开始与其他爱好者建立联系。根据后文the Chinese website of the World Wide Fund for Nature指在世界自然基金会的中文网站上，应用介词on。故填on。 16．考查时态。句意：第二年，他成立了成都观鸟协会，这是他未来环保事业的开始。动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填founded。 17．考查时态。句意：从那时起，他一直与其他爱好者合作，在社区、学校和野外推广观鸟活动。根据上文Since then可知表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，不间断，用现在完成进行时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has been working。 18．考查冠词。句意：“如今，我们可以看到越来越多的人加入我们，”他说。短语an increasing number of表示“越来越多的”。故填an。 19．考查主语从句。句意：他的愿景是发展以观鸟为基础的生态旅游，在提高村民环保和野生动物保护意识的同时，提供新的收入来源。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，用what，首字母大写。故填What。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的愿景是发展以观鸟为基础的生态旅游，在提高村民环保和野生动物保护意识的同时，提供新的收入来源。此处provide与bird-watching-based ecotourism构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填providing。 （24-25高二上·重庆渝中·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（1-3词）。 The Crystal, located in London’s Royal Victoria Dock, is an award-winning building 21 (serve) as a modern and renewable energy technology model. It emphasizes environmentally-friendly 22 (practice) and services, seeking to inspire a worldwide sustainable transformation. The Crystal 23 (power) by a combination of renewable energy sources, including solar and wind. Boasting a zero carbon footprint, the building has 24 range of energy-saving and energy-generating features, including photovoltaic panels (光伏板) 25 generate electricity from the sun. The building’s sustainability is further evident in 26 (it) expansive green roof, which is insulated (绝缘的), making it cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter while also providing a habitat for birds and other wildlife. Inside the building, some sensors (传感器) are designed to detect movement 27 adjust the lighting accordingly to maximize energy efficiency. In addition to its sustainability 28 (achieve) through energy efficiency, The Crystal is committed to spreading the message of sustainability. The Crystal 29 (offer) workshops, seminars, and other events to inspire others to reduce their carbon footprints and lead more sustainable lifestyles. The Crystal is a shining beacon of sustainability and an example of renewable energy’s immense potential. Through its commitment to sustainability and its pioneering use of renewable energy sources, The Crystal is an outstanding example of 30 can be accomplished when we prioritize sustainability. 【答案】 21．serving 22．practices 23．is powered 24．a 25．that/which 26．its 27．and 28．achieved 29．offers 30．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了英国伦敦的一个城市可永续发展地标——the Crystal。水晶是人类有史以来建造的最环保的建筑之一。该建筑采用自然光，即白天完全利用自然光。它还利用智慧照明技术，其中电力主要由光伏太阳能电池板供电。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：水晶大厦位于伦敦皇家维多利亚码头，是一座获奖建筑，作为现代和可再生能源技术的典范。serve在这里做后置定语，与所修饰的名词building为主动关系，应用现在分词。故答案是serving。 22．考查名词单复数。句意：它强调环保实践和服务，旨在激励全球可持续发展的转型。空处作宾语，practice“实践”是可数名词，结合下文services，用复数形式。故答案是practices。 23．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：水晶大厦由太阳能和风能等多种可再生能源提供动力。该建筑拥有零碳足迹，具备一系列节能和发电功能，包括能够从太阳产生电力的光伏板。power在这里做动词，意思是“供能”，它在句子里充当谓语，由于主语“The Crystal”与动词“power”之间是被动关系，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故答案是is powered。 24．考查冠词。句意：水晶大厦由太阳能和风能等多种可再生能源提供动力。该建筑拥有零碳足迹，具备一系列节能和发电功能，包括能够从太阳产生电力的光伏板。a range of为固定搭配，意思是“一系列的”，符合题意。故答案是a。 25．考查定语从句，句意：水晶大厦由太阳能和风能等多种可再生能源提供动力。该建筑拥有零碳足迹，具备一系列节能和发电功能，包括能够从太阳产生电力的光伏板。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为“photovoltaic panels”，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故答案是that或which。 26．考查代词。句意：水晶大厦的可持续性还体现在其广阔的绿色屋顶上，该屋顶具有隔热功能，夏季保持凉爽，冬季保持温暖，同时为鸟类和其他野生动物提供栖息地。横线后有名词短语expansive green roof，应该将it转化为形容词性物主代词its。故答案是its。 27．考查并列连词。句意：在建筑内部，一些传感器被设计用来检测运动并相应地调整照明，以最大化能源效率。连接两个并列的动作“detect movement”和“adjust the lighting”，应用and。故答案是and。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了通过能源效率实现的可持续性外，水晶大厦还致力于传播可持续性的理念。空处做后置定语，achieve与所修饰的名词sustainability为被动关系，应用过去分词。故答案是achieved。 29．考查动词的时态。句意：水晶大厦提供研讨会、讲座和其他活动，激励人们减少碳足迹，过上更可持续的生活方式。offer在句子里做谓语，根据上下文可知用一般现在时，主语“The Crystal”是第三人称单数，故答案是offers。 30．考查名词性从句。句意：通过其对可持续性的承诺和对可再生能源的开创性使用，水晶大厦是一个杰出的例子，展示了当我们优先考虑可持续性时，可以取得的成就。这个句子是个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，且无明显范围，应该使用what引导。故答案是what。 （24-25高二上·四川泸州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Climbers have left behind an estimated fifty 31 (ton) of waste on Mt Everest, the world’s highest mountain. The government of Nepal has tried many different ways of 32 (get) the visitors to clean up after themselves, including ruling that climbers have to collect and carry out 18 pounds of garbage every time they visit or pay a huge fine. Now, a new innovative way to remove the trash was tested, using unmanned “heavy lifter” drones (无人机) 33 (carry) it out by air. Prior to the drones, taking the garbage away 34 the mountain was a tough task usually done by Sherpas, the local people living in the area. But the work is difficult 35 dangerous. In 2014, an avalanche (雪崩) covered 16 Sherpa guides in the icefall. Last year, three guides preparing routes 36 (bury) under ice. In April, 2024, Chinese drone maker DIJ conducted the first trial on Mt Everest. The test showed that the DJI FlyCart 30, 37 long-distance heavy lifter drone, could airlift 234 kilograms per hour, and bring it to the base camp. “After a 38 (success) test in April, we plan to use drones commercially in the Everest region,” said Jagat Bhusal, chief administration officer 39 hosts Everest. In the fall, the drones will be employed to clean up Ama Dablam, south of Everest. Then in the spring of 2025, the work will begin. While some local jobs will be lost, improving safety is the first goal. Cleaning up Everest is getting much safer and more efficient than before. 40 (certain), that’s a cause to celebrate. 【答案】 31．tons 32．getting 33．to carry 34．from 35．and 36．were buried 37．a 38．successful 39．who/that 40．Certainly 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是珠穆朗玛峰的环保挑战及尼泊尔政府利用无人机清理高山垃圾的新举措。 31．考查名词复数。句意：登山者在世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰上留下了大约五十吨的垃圾。ton为可数名词，空前有fifty修饰，所以此处使用名词复数形式。故填tons。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：尼泊尔政府尝试了许多不同的方法来让游客自己清理，包括规定每次访问时登山者必须收集并携带18磅的垃圾或支付巨额罚款。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，介词of之后应为动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，一种新的创新方式被测试，使用无人“重型起吊”无人机通过空运送走垃圾。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物做某事”可知，此处使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to carry。 34．考查介词。句意：在使用无人机之前，从山上带走垃圾是一项艰巨的任务，通常由当地居民夏尔巴人完成。此处为固定短语take sth. away from …意为“从……拿走……”符合句意，所以此处使用介词from。故填from。 35．考查连词。句意：但是这项工作既困难又危险。此处为连词连接两个形容词作表语，结合句意，上下文之间为并列关系，所以此处使用并列连词and。故填and。 36．考查时态语态。句意：去年，三名准备路线的向导被冰掩埋。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语last year可知，此处为一般过去时，bury与逻辑主语three guides之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数。故填were buried。 37．考查冠词。句意：该测试显示，DJI FlyCart 30，一个远程重型起吊无人机，每小时可以空中运输234公斤，并将其带到大本营。drone意为“无人机”为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一个……的无人机”，表示泛指意义，且空后的long-distance的首个音素为辅音，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。 38．考查形容词。句意：“四月份成功测试后，我们计划在珠峰地区商业使用无人机”，Jagat Bhusal说，他是主持珠峰事务的首席行政官员。此处为形容词作定语，success的形容词为successful意为“成功的”修饰名词test。故填successful。 39．考查定语从句。句意同上，“四月份成功测试后，我们计划在珠峰地区商业使用无人机”，Jagat Bhusal说，他是主持珠峰事务的首席行政官员。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词chief administration officer指人，所以此处使用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。 40．考查副词。句意：当然，这是一个值得庆祝的原因。此处为副词作状语修饰整个句子，certain的副词为certainly意为“当然”符合句意，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Certainly。 （24-25高二上·甘肃兰州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式 In November 2023, China launched a three-year action plan to promote the use of bamboo as a replacement 41 plastic. Actually, I 42 (use) bamboo products more often over the years. The look and feel of bamboo are absolutely above and beyond plastic, but there must be more positive aspects to bamboo other than just aesthetics (美学). When compared to 43 (healthy) plastic, bamboo is a highly renewable, natural material that is biodegradable (可生物降解的) and 44 (become) the “green gold” of modern times in recent years because it has so many good qualities. 45 (live) in a time when most of our homes are filled with plastic, I think it’s time to wake up to the green alternative and realize its full potential as a planet protector. This super-powered plant is actually a grass and looks like a weed in terms of 46 quickly, it can grow and where 47 can live. The production costs of bamboo are extremely low due to the easy 48 (available) of this material, and it requires almost zero adjustment 49 (make) when people produce bamboo products. From household objects to decorative settings, the quantity of uses that bamboo has goes beyond your wildest dreams and I’d love to see it becoming more popular 50 time goes on. 【答案】 41．for 42．have been using 43．unhealthy 44．has become 45．Living 46．how 47．it 48．availability 49．to be made 50．as 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。2023年11月，中国启动了“以竹代塑”三年行动计划，本文主要介绍了竹子的特点和优势。 41．考查介词。句意：2023年11月，中国启动了一项为期三年的行动计划，以促进使用竹子替代塑料。replacement在此表示“接替者，代替物，替换品”，常与介词for搭配使用。故填for。 42．考查时态。句意：事实上，这些年来我使用竹制品的次数越来越多了。根据后文over the years可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能继续下去应用现在完成进行时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have been using。 43．考查形容词。句意：与不健康的塑料相比，竹子是一种高度可再生、可生物降解的天然材料，近年来因其具有许多优良品质而成为现代的“绿色黄金”。空处为形容词作定语，结合句意，此处表示“不健康的”用healthy的反义词unhealthy。故填unhealthy。 44．考查时态。句意：与不健康的塑料相比，竹子是一种高度可再生、可生物降解的天然材料，近年来因其具有许多优良品质而成为现代的“绿色黄金”。根据时间状语“in recent years”表明此处应用现在完成时，主语为bamboo，助动词用has。故填has become。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：生活在一个大多数家庭都充斥着塑料的时代，我认为是时候意识到绿色替代品并充分发挥其作为地球保护者的潜力了。此处live与I之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Living。 46．考查宾语从句。句意：这种能量超强的植物实际上是一种草，从生长速度和生长地点来看，它看起来就像一种杂草。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“多么”用how。故填how。 47．考查代词。句意：这种能量超强的植物实际上是一种草，从生长速度和生长地点来看，它看起来就像一种杂草。指代上文a grass应用代词it。故填it。 48．考查名词。句意：竹子的生产成本极低，因为这种材料很容易获得，而且人们在生产竹制品时几乎不需要进行任何调整。作介词的宾语，应用名词availability。故填availability。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：竹子的生产成本极低，因为这种材料很容易获得，而且人们在生产竹制品时几乎不需要进行任何调整。此处make与adjustment构成被动关系，且上文为短语require sth. to do，故用to be done形式。故填to be made。 50．考查时间状语从句。句意：从家居用品到装饰装置，竹子的用途之多超出了你的想象，我希望随着时间的推移，它变得越来越受欢迎。引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”应用as。故填as。 （24-25高二上·四川德阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the early days of the People’s Republic of China, Youyu county, 51 (locate) at the edge of the Maowusu Desert, had a green coverage ratio of less than 0.3 percent. Over the past seven decades, continuous efforts have increased the county’s green coverage 52 68 percent, turning barren land into 53 oasis (绿洲), which shows how China’s national efforts are transforming the environment. China’s forest coverage rate has risen from 8.6 percent to more than 24 percent. Since the start of this century, it is estimated that China 54 (contribute) around a quarter of the world’s new green areas, according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program, 55 was started in 1978, has effectively limited desertification (沙漠化) and sandstorms, forming a “green great wall.” By 2020, afforestation (植树造林) was completed on 480 million mu of land, 56 (raise) forest from around 5 percent in 1978 to about 14 percent in these regions. What makes this program 57 (remark) is its impact on conserving water, soil, and agriculture. Efforts persist today with new programs 58 (design) to prevent land degradation. The goal is to improve ecological resilience and protect agriculture 59 (global). This transformation is one of the most important environmental 60 (achievement). 【答案】 51．located 52．to 53．an 54．has contributed 55．which 56．raising 57．remarkable 58．designed 59．globally 60．achievements 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国毛乌素沙漠边缘的右玉县在过去七十年间通过持续努力，将绿色覆盖率从不足0.3%提高到68%，将不毛之地变成了绿洲，并借此展示了中国全国性努力对环境改善的影响。 51．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中华人民共和国成立初期，地处毛乌素沙漠边缘的右玉县，森林覆盖率不足0.3%。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“Youyu county”和动词“locate”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填located。 52．考查介词。句意：在过去的七十年里，经过持续不懈的努力，该县的森林覆盖率提升至68%，将荒地变成了绿洲，这彰显了中国为改善环境所做出的举国努力。空处为介词形式，构成短语：increase…to…，意为“将……提升为……”，符合句意。故填to。 53．考查冠词。句意：在过去的七十年里，经过持续不懈的努力，该县的森林覆盖率提升至68%，将荒地变成了绿洲，这彰显了中国为改善环境所做出的举国努力。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。 54．考查谓语动词。句意：据生态环境部统计，自本世纪初以来，中国新增的绿化面积约占全球新增绿化面积的四分之一。空处为从句谓语动词；根据时间状语“Since the start of this century”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“China”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has contributed。 55．考查定语从句。句意：1978 年启动的“三北”防护林工程，有效地遏制了沙漠化和沙尘暴，构筑起了一道“绿色长城”。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：到2020年，已完成造林4.8亿亩，这些地区的森林覆盖率从1978年的约5%提高到了约14%。空处为非谓语动词担当结果状语，用现在分词形式。故填raising。 57．考查形容词。句意：这项工程的卓越之处在于其对水土保持和农业发展产生的积极影响。空处为形容词形式担当宾语补足语，意为“卓越的”。故填remarkable。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，中国仍在持续努力，通过实施新的项目来防止土地退化。空处为非谓语动词担当宾语补足语；宾语“new programs”和动词“design”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填designed。 59．考查副词。句意：目标是提高生态恢复能力，并在全球范围内保护农业。担当句子的地点状语，用副词形式。故填globally。 60．考查名词的数。句意：这种转变是最重要的环境成就之一。固定搭配：one of 名词的复数形式，意为“……之一”，符合句意。故填achievements。 （24-25高二上·甘肃酒泉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times 61 life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, 62 (know) as the “Great Dying” which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, which 63 (occur) 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are 64 (vary). According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids 65 (hit) the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate 66 which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate” They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. 67 is clear that human activity has 68 (negative) affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, as we 69 (human) depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, 70 without clean water we would be unable to survive. 【答案】 61．when 62．known 63．occured 64．varied/various 65．hitting 66．at 67．It 68．negatively 69．humans 70．and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文简述了地球物种灭绝的历史与现状，指出人类活动正加速第六次物种大灭绝，并强调了生态平衡对人类生存的重要性。 61．考查定语从句关系词。句意：在过去的5亿年里，地球上生命几乎灭绝过五次。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是five times，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中包括第三次大灭绝，被称为“大灭绝”，90%到96%的物种死亡。句中include为谓语动词，设空处考查非谓语动词，逻辑主语the third mass extinction与know之间为被动关系，应用过去分词known作后置定语。故填known。 63．考查动词时态。句意：第五次事件发生在6600万年前，导致了恐龙的死亡。设空处为从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语66 million years ago可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填occurred。 64．考查形容词。句意：物种灭绝的原因是各种各样的。设空处应填形容词作表语，vary的形容词是varied，意为“各种各样的”，或various，意为“各种各样的”，在句中作表语。故填varied/various。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据科学家的说法，它们包括火山爆发、小行星撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋氧含量减少和全球变暖。设空处考查非谓语动词，asteroids与hit之间为主动关系，应用现在分词hitting作后置定语。故填hitting。 66．考查介词。句意：尽管物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在正在发生的灭绝速度却令人担忧。设空处考查介词，rate常与介词at连用，表示“以……速度”，此处构成介词+关系代词引导定语从句的结构。故填at。 67．考查it作形式主语。句意：很明显，人类活动已经对地球上包括动植物在内的所有其他物种产生了负面影响。设空处考查it作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，it is clear that……为固定句型，意为“很明显……”。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填It。 68．考查副词。句意：很明显，人类活动已经对地球上包括动植物在内的所有其他物种产生了负面影响。设空处修饰动词affected，应用副词negatively，作状语。故填negatively。 69．考查名词复数。句意：当然，由于我们人类依赖如此多的物种来生存，我们也面临着灭绝的风险。设空处应填名词作主语，根据空后的depend可知，此处应用复数形式humans，表示“人类”。故填humans。 70．考查连词。句意：没有森林，我们就没有空气可呼吸，而没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。设空处前后为并列关系，连接两个介词短语，应用连词and连接。故填and。 （2023高二上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Despite occupying a relatively small area, rainforests have an important role to play in maintaining the world and they are home to a rich 71 (various) of medicinal plants, birds and animals. As the lungs of the planet, rainforests have their own perfect system, 72 ensures their own survival. The tall trees make a canopy (顶篷) of branches and leaves that protect themselves, smaller plants and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat 73 (release) from the sun and strong winds. 74 (amazing), the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch 75 of another tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate way 76 (prevent) the spread of any tree discases. The ground floor of the forest is not all twisted leaves and bushes, 77 a fairly clear land. It is where leaves transform 78 food for the trees and other forest life. Worryingly, rainforests around the world are disappearing at 79 alarming rate. A few thousand years ago, rainforests 80 (cover) as much as 12 per cent of the land surface on Earth, but today this has fallen to less than 7 per cent. 【答案】 71．variety 72．which 73．released 74．Amazingly 75．those 76．to prevent 77．but 78．into 79．an 80．covered 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是雨林在维护全球环境方面的作用以及目前的处境。 71．考查名词。句意：尽管占地面积相对较小，但雨林在维护世界环境方面发挥着重要作用，它们是各种药用植物、鸟类和动物的家园。分析句子可知。形容词后应为名词，various的名词是variety，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用名词单数，a variety of意为“各种各样的”符合句意。故填variety。 72．考查定语从句。句意：作为地球的肺，雨林有自己完善的系统，确保了它们的生存。分析句子可知，此处应为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词为their own perfect system指的是物。故填which。 73．考查非谓语动词。句意：高大的树木由树枝和树叶组成的树冠可以保护它们自己、较小的植物和森林动物免受大雨、太阳释放的强烈干热和强风的伤害。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，release与所修饰词heat之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填released。 74．考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这些树的叶子和树枝虽然靠得很近，但却从来没有碰到过另一棵树的叶子和树枝。分析句子可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰句子，amazing的副词为amazingly，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Amazingly。 75．考查代词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这些树的叶子和树枝虽然靠得很近，但却从来没有碰到过另一棵树的叶子和树枝。分析句子可知，此处应为代词作宾语，结合句意，此处指代的是名词复数leaves and branches，且特指“其它树木叶子和树枝”，所以使用指示代词those。故填those。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们认为这是一种有意，以防止任何树木疾病传播的方式。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词way，通常情况下，不定式修饰way，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填to prevent。 77．考查连词。句意：森林的底层并非全是扭曲的树叶和灌木，而是一片相当清澈的土地。分析句子可知，此处应为连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，空前与空后的句意之间为转折关系，所以此处应使用并列连词but。故填but。 78．考查介词。句意：在这里，树叶转化为树木和其他森林生物的食物。分析句子可知，此处应为固定短语transform into意为“转换为”符合句意。故填into。 79．考查冠词。句意：令人担忧的是，世界各地的热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失。分析句子可知，此处应为固定用法，at a …rate意为“以……的速度”符合句意，且空前alarming第一个音节为元音。故填an。 80．考查谓语动词。句意：几千年前，热带雨林覆盖了地球陆地面积的12%，但今天这一比例已降至不到7%。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语“A few thousand years ago”可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，且与句子主语之间为主动关系。故填covered。 （24-25高二上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Not all famous national parks are on land. Some national parks are marine parks. One good example of this is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia. 81 (stretch) over 2,300 kilometers, the Great Barrier Reef is considered one of the natural wonders of the world. It is the largest structure in the world made by living creatures. A wide variety of tropical wildlife also 82 (make) the reef its home. Since the Great Barrier Reef is just below the surface of the water, it is an excellent place 83 (see) nature, and millions of people travel there every year. The park was created in 1975 to protect the reef 84 overdevelopment and fishing. Unfortunately, the 85 (big) danger to the Great Barrier Reef is something park 86 (manage) cannot stop — global warming. Rising ocean temperatures are causing some coral to die 87 the colourful reefs to turn grey. Hundreds of years ago, people could not imagine that there would ever be a time 88 forests would be cut down, oceans would become 89 (pollute), and wildlife would face extinction. Facing the problems of environment pollution and overdevelopment, some national parks have been set aside to protect both natural features and wildlife. 90 protection of natural areas has attracted much media attention, and now more and more people are supporting the idea of eco-friendly development. 【答案】 81．Stretching 82．makes 83．to see 84．from 85．biggest 86．management 87．and 88．when 89．polluted 90．The 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚大堡礁海洋公园的形成以及面临的危险。 81．考查非谓语动词。句意：大堡礁延伸超过2300公里，被认为是世界上自然奇观之一。此处是非谓语动词作状语，主语the Great Barrier Reef和动词stretch是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Stretching。 82．考查时态。句意：各种各样的热带野生动植物也使礁石成为家。此处是谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词应用三单形式，故填makes。 83．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于大堡礁位于水面以下，这是一个观看大自然的好地方，每年有数百万人旅行。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词place，应用不定式作后置定语，故填to see。 84．考查固定搭配。句意：该公园于 1975 年创建，旨在保护珊瑚礁免遭过度开发和捕捞。protect....from...固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……”。故填from。 85．考查形容词最高级。句意：不幸的是，对大堡礁的最大危险是公园管理无法停止的东西—全球变暖。此处表示“最大的危险”，the后应用big的最高级作定语，修饰名词danger，故填biggest。 86．考查名词。句意：不幸的是，对大堡礁的最大危险是公园管理无法停止的东西——全球变暖。此处应用名词management作定语从句中的主语，不可数，故填management。 87．考查连词。句意：海洋温度升高导致一些珊瑚死亡，五颜六色的珊瑚礁变成灰色。空前句子和空后句子是并列关系，应用连词and，故填and。 88．考查连词。句意：数百年前，人们无法想象有一次森林会被砍伐，海洋会受到污染，野生动植物将面临灭绝。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词time，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导，故填when。 89．考查形容词。句意：数百年前，人们无法想象有一次森林会被砍伐，海洋会受到污染，野生动植物将面临灭绝。此处应用形容词polluted作表语，表示“受到污染的”，故填polluted。 90．考查冠词。句意：对自然领域的保护引起了很多媒体的关注，现在越来越多的人支持对环保发展的想法。此处特指对自然领域的保护，应用定冠词the，故填the。 （24-25高二上·云南曲靖·期末）阅读下面短文，在空自处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Not all famous national parks 91 (be) on land. Some of 92 (they) are marine parks. One good example is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, 93 (stretch) over 2,300 kilometres, the Great Barrier Reef is considered one of the natural 94 (wonder) of the world. It is the 95 (large) structure in the world made by living creatures. Because the Great Barrier Reef is just below the surface of the water, it is 96 excellent place to see nature. The park was created in 1975 to prevent the reefs 97 overdevelopment. Unfortunately, the biggest danger to the Great Barrier Reef is something park management cannot stop global warming. Rising ocean temperatures are causing some coral to die 98 the colourful reefs to turn grey. Hundreds of years ago, people could not imagine that there would ever be a time 99 oceans would become polluted, forests would 100 (cut) down, and wildlife would face extinction. 【答案】 91．are 92．them 93．stretching 94．wonders 95．largest 96．an 97．from 98．and 99．when 100．be cut 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的大堡礁海洋公园的形成以及面临的危险。 91．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：并不是所有著名的国家公园都在陆地上。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为famous national parks，谓语用复数，故填are。 92．考查代词。句意：其中一些是海洋公园。作介词的宾语，应用代词them。故填them。 93．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个很好的例子是澳大利亚的大堡礁海洋公园，绵延2300多公里，大堡礁被认为是世界自然奇观之一。stretch与主语the Great Barrier Reef之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语。故填stretching。 94．考查名词的数。句意：一个很好的例子是澳大利亚的大堡礁海洋公园，绵延2300多公里，大堡礁被认为是世界自然奇观之一。作介词of的宾语，且数量大于一应用复数形式。故填wonders。 95．考查最高级。句意：它是世界上由生物建造的最大的建筑。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最大的”应用最高级largest。故填largest。 96．考查冠词。句意：因为大堡礁就在水面以下，所以它是一个观赏大自然的好地方。place为可数名词，此处为泛指，且excellent是元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 97．考查介词。句意：该公园建于1975年，目的是防止珊瑚礁被过度开发。短语prevent…from…表示“阻止某事发生”。故填from。 98．考查连词。句意：不断上升的海洋温度导致一些珊瑚死亡，色彩斑斓的珊瑚礁变成了灰色。此处连接两个并列的结果，应用连词and。故填and。 99．考查定语从句。句意：几百年前，人们无法想象有一天海洋会被污染，森林会被砍伐，野生动物会面临灭绝。定语从句修饰先行词time，关系词在从句作时间状语，故填when。 100．考查语态。句意：几百年前，人们无法想象有一天海洋会被污染，森林会被砍伐，野生动物会面临灭绝。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形，即be cut down。故填be cut。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$