重点话题28人与自然 环境保护 阅读理解 -【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版）

重点话题28人与自然-环境保护 阅读理解 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） “人与自然-环境保护”的阅读理解高频单词和短语： 一、高频单词 environment：环境 environmental protection环境保护 pollution：污染 air pollution空气污染 ecology：生态，生态学 water pollution水污染 species：物种，种类 endangered species濒危物种 habitat：栖息地 resource：资源 wind energy风能 natural resources自然资源 energy：能源；能量 solar energy太阳能 sustain：维持；遭受 sustainable：可持续的 climate：气候 climate change气候变化 emission：排放物；散发物；排放 carbon：碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳 carbon footprint碳足迹 fossil fuel化石燃料 fossil：化石 garbage：垃圾；废物 waste：废物；浪费 household waste家庭垃圾 protect：保护 waste disposal废物处理 wildlife：野生动物 recycle：回收利用；再循环 preserve：保护；保存；维持 protect the environment保护环境 restore：恢复；使复原；修复 二、高频短语 environmental protection：环境保护 carbon dioxide：二氧化碳 fossil fuel：化石燃料 greenhouse effect：温室效应 global warming：全球变暖 ecological balance：生态平衡 renewable energy：可再生能源 waste disposal：废物处理 on behalf of：代表 dozens of：许多；很多 die out：灭绝；绝迹；消失 cut down：砍伐；削减 throw away：扔掉；丢弃 set up：建立；设立 take action：采取行动 pay attention to：注意 make a difference：有影响；起作用 run out of：用完；耗尽 in danger of：处于…… 的危险中 三、人与自然-环境保护主题的阅读理解解题技巧： 1.阅读前—快速浏览，明确主题 （1）浏览标题：标题往往是文章的核心概括，能快速让你了解文章大致方向，如 “Protecting the Amazon Rainforest”，就知道文章与亚马逊雨林保护有关。 （2）扫读首尾段：首段通常会引出主题或提出观点，尾段一般是总结归纳或升华主题。通过扫读，可以对文章的整体框架和主旨有初步认识。 2.阅读中—精读文本，分析细节 关键词:留意与环境保护相关的高频词和专业术语，如 “sustainable development”“biodiversity”“pollution ）control” 等，这些词能帮助你快速定位关键信息和理解文章内容。 关注逻辑关系：注意表示因果、转折、对比等逻辑关系的词，如 “because”“but”“however”“while” 等。比如 “while some measures have been taken to reduce pollution, the situation is still severe”，通过 “while” 可知前后是对比关系，强调尽管采取了措施，但情况仍不乐观。 分析长难句：对于复杂的句子，要学会分析句子结构，找出主谓宾等核心成分，理解句子的主要意思。比 如 “Environmental protection, which requires the joint efforts of every individual and organization, is crucial for the sustainable development of the earth.”，可以先找出核心 “Environmental protection is crucial”，再分析 “which” 引导的定语从句对 “Environmental protection” 进行补充说明。 3.答题时—仔细审题，精准作答 细节理解题：根据题干中的关键词，在文中找到对应的段落和句子，仔细比对信息，注意选项可能会对原文进行同义替换。例如，原文说 “Deforestation leads to soil erosion”，选项可能表述为 “Soil erosion is caused by the cutting down of trees”。 主旨大意题：结合文章的标题、首尾段以及各段的主题句来概括主旨。如果文章围绕海洋污染的现状、原因和解决措施展开，那么主旨就是关于海洋污染相关内容，选项中过于片面或偏离主题的就可排除。 推理判断题：不能仅仅根据文章表面意思作答，要根据文中的事实和线索进行合理推断。比如文中提到某种濒危动物的栖息地不断减少，可推断出该动物面临的生存压力增大，但不能过度推断，如直接说该动物马上就要灭绝了。 词义猜测题：根据上下文语境来猜测词义。如果是一个生僻的环保术语，可以通过前后文对其的解释、举例或对比等进行推测。如 “Some species are on the verge of extinction. For example, the South China Tiger is hardly seen in the wild now”，通过后面华南虎的例子可以猜出 “on the verge of extinction” 是 “濒临灭绝” 的意思。 4.检查时 —— 复查答案，确保无误 检查答案：将答案代入原文，看是否符合文章逻辑和内容。对于不确定的题目，再次回到文中查找相关信息，进行确认，确保答案准确。 检查细节：注意答题格式是否正确，比如是否按照要求填写了正确的选项字母，简答题的回答是否完整、语法是否正确等。 四、人与自然-环境保护阅读理解的考法和考点： 人与自然-环境保护阅读理解在考法上题型多样，考点覆盖词汇、语法、逻辑等多个层面，以下是具体介绍： 1、考法 细节理解题：要求考生根据文章内容，准确找到与题目相关的具体信息并作答。通常会针对文章中关于环境污染现象、环保措施、具体数据等细节进行提问。可能会以 “According to the passage, what causes water pollution?” 或 “Which of the following is a measure to protect the environment mentioned in the text?” 等形式出现。 主旨大意题：考查考生对文章整体内容和核心思想的把握。需要考生总结文章的主要内容、中心观点或最佳标题等，常见问法有 “What is the main idea of the passage?”“The best title for this passage might be...” 等。 推理判断题：这类题目要求考生根据文章所提供的信息进行合理推断，包括对作者意图、文章后续内容、隐含意义等的推测。问题可能是 “What can we infer from the passage?”“The author implies that...” 等。 词义猜测题：会选取文章中的某个单词、短语或句子，让考生根据上下文语境猜测其含义。比如 “In the passage, the underlined word 'XX' probably means...”。 观点态度题：询问考生对作者或文中人物对某个环境问题或环保措施等的观点或态度，常见的提问方式有 “What is the author's attitude towards...?”“How does the writer feel about...?” 等。 2、考点 （1）词汇理解与运用 专业词汇：重点考查与环境保护相关的专业词汇和短语，如 “ecology”“sustainable”“greenhouse effect” 等，考生需要准确理解这些词汇在语境中的含义。 熟词生义：一些常见词汇在环境保护语境中可能会有特殊含义，如 “bank” 除了 “银行”“河岸” 的意思，在 “river bank erosion” 中表示 “河岸”，需要考生根据上下文判断。 （2）语法知识 从句：经常会出现各种从句，如定语从句、状语从句等，用来对环境问题的原因、影响等进行详细描述。例如 “Pollution, which is a serious threat to our planet, is caused by various human activities.” 考生需要理解从句在句子中的作用和所表达的逻辑关系。 时态和语态：通过不同的时态和语态来表达环境问题的现状、过去的情况以及未来的趋势等，如 “Many species have become extinct in the past few decades.” 考查考生对时态和语态的理解和运用能力。 （3）逻辑关系 因果关系：文章常阐述环境问题产生的原因和带来的后果，如 “Due to deforestation, soil erosion occurs easily.” 考生要能准确把握这种因果关系，可能会在细节理解题或推理判断题中进行考查。 对比关系：可能会对比不同地区的环境状况、不同环保措施的效果等，如 “Some countries have taken effective measures to reduce pollution, while others are still facing great challenges.” 考生需要理解对比的内容和目的。 （4）语篇理解与分析 文章结构：考查考生对文章整体结构的把握，如总分总、总分、分总等结构，以及段落之间的逻辑关系。比如文章开头提出环境问题，中间分别从不同方面分析，结尾提出解决措施，考生要能理清这种结构。 写作意图：要求考生理解作者写作文章的目的，是呼吁人们保护环境、介绍某种环保技术，还是分析环境问题的严重性等，这通常会在主旨大意题或推理判断题中有所体现。 五、人与自然-环境保护阅读理解精练题： （24-25高二上·江苏常州·期末）In 1990, aged just 22, Tang Yulin realized his dream of becoming a third-generation forest ranger (护林员) in the reserve (保护区). In the initial years of his work, the reserve lacked electricity, and the rough mountain environment made patrols (巡逻) physically demanding. Rising at 3:30 am every day, Tang Yulin would prepare his meals in darkness before heading up the mountains at 4 am to observe and document the activities and habits of the golden snub-nosed monkeys before they awoke. Spending nearly 200 days and nights in the mountains each year, Tang Yulin and his colleagues often had to build living places when unable to go back the same day. Through years of observation and learning, he became an expert on the reserve’s wildlife, serving as a valuable resource for researchers working in the area. Following the development of infrastructure (基础设施) in the reserve in recent years, TangYulin’s patrols have become more manageable. The golden snub-nosed monkeys have also grown used to closer human interaction, with more than 140 research monkeys successfully relocated to lower-altitude areas near rivers, where they now boom. Today, the reserve boasts the highest density of these monkeys in the country, making it a major location for observing them in the wild. Inspired by Tang Yulin’s devotion, his nephew Tang Xiaogang joined the ranks of forest rangers in 2019, becoming a fourth-generation guardian of the lush mountains and its monkeys. “As the monkeys feast on leaves in the trees, and I snack on biscuits below, a bond of trust has formed between us. Seeing the golden snub-nosed monkeys increase here is the greatest honor for me,” Tang Yulin says, reflecting on his work. In the misty mountains, Tang Yulin and his fellow guardians are pillars (支柱) of conservation, ensuring the balance between nature and humanity for future generations. 1．What did Tang Yulin dream of becoming when he was young? A．An electrician. B．A guardian. C．A researcher. D．An expert. 2．What is one of the problems Tang Yulin faced in the past? A．Food shortage. B．Lack of company. C．The decline of Monkey number. D．Physical challenges. 3．What makes him most proud of his job according to Tang Yulin? A．Becoming an expert on the reserve’s environment. B．Serving as a significant resource for researchers. C．Witnessing the boom of the monkeys in the reserve. D．Inspiring his nephew to join the ranks of forest rangers. 4．Which word best describes Tang Yulin? A．Romantic. B．Committed. C．Shy. D．Generous. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了唐玉林成为第三代护林员，在保护区观察和研究金丝猴的生活习性和活动情况，为保护区野生动物保护做出贡献的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In 1990, aged just 22, Tang Yulin realized his dream of becoming a third-generation forest ranger (护林员) in the reserve (保护区).(1990年，年仅22岁的唐玉林实现了自己的梦想，成为保护区的第三代护林员。)”可知，护林员即守护者，所以唐玉林年轻时梦想成为守护者。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the initial years of his work, the reserve lacked electricity, and the rough mountain environment made patrols (巡逻) physically demanding.(在他工作的最初几年，保护区还没有通电，崎岖的山区环境使得巡逻工作对体力要求极高。)”可知，过去崎岖的山区环境使得巡逻对体力要求很高，这对唐玉林来说是身体上的挑战。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““As the monkeys feast on leaves in the trees, and I snack on biscuits below, a bond of trust has formed between us. Seeing the golden snub-nosed monkeys increase here is the greatest honor for me,” Tang Yulin says, reflecting on his work.(回顾自己的工作，唐玉林感慨道：“猴子在树上大快朵颐吃树叶，我在树下啃着饼干，我们之间建立起了一种信任。看到这里的金丝猴数量增多，对我来说是莫大的荣耀。”)”可知，在保护区内金丝猴数量增多让唐玉林觉得是最大的荣耀，也就是让他最引以为傲的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spending nearly 200 days and nights in the mountains each year, Tang Yulin and his colleagues often had to build living places when unable to go back the same day.(唐玉林每年有近200个日日夜夜都在山里度过，他和同事们如果当天无法返回，就常常得搭建临时住所。)”以及文章第四段“Inspired by Tang Yulin’s devotion, his nephew Tang Xiaogang joined the ranks of forest rangers in 2019, becoming a fourth-generation guardian of the lush mountains and its monkeys.(受唐玉林奉献精神的感召，他的侄子唐小刚于 2019 年也加入了护林员队伍，成为这片葱郁山林与金丝猴的第四代守护者。)”可知，唐玉林对护林工作尽心尽力，坚定地守护山林和金丝猴。故选B。 （24-25高二上·湖南益阳·期末）Climate change brings rising temperatures, increased sea levels and drought. However, its effects don’t end there — it can also change the taste of food. In Spain, black Iberian pigs, which are crucial for producing the unique Jamon Iberico ham, are facing a food crisis due to heatwaves and droughts. These extreme weather conditions nave reduced the number of acorns and grass available to the pigs, forcing them to consume different feed that changes the ham’s flavor. Drought also affects the taste of fruits. Watermelons and cantaloupes, for example, undergo significant flavor changes during drought conditions. Researchers have found that compounds like sugars accumulate in fruits during droughts, resulting in the changes of tastes, sometimes for better and sometimes for worse. Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. Warm days and cool nights help fruits develop the best flavor by increasing their sugar content and acidity (酸度). However, global warming is changing this. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier because they bloom early and grow in higher temperatures. Oysters, which do best in a mix of salt and freshwater, are losing their unique taste due to saltier environments. While the food we eat is affected by climate change, our food choices also impact the climate. Meat and dairy, especially from cows, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Raising livestock (牲畜) makes up about 14.5 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions, similar to the emissions from all vehicles combined. Producing animal protein uses more resources than plant protein. Fortunately, this vicious (恶性的) cycle can be broken. For example, The Good Food Institute, a US-based think tank, believes people will choose alternative (备选的) proteins if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. Additionally, more farmers are practicing “greener” farming, and when people buy local, in-season produce, the impact on the environment is reduced. 5．What has caused the change in the taste of Jamon Iberico ham? A．The use of other meat sources. B．The change in pig-raising methods. C．The lack of natural food for the pigs. D．The introduction of new techniques. 6．According to the text, how does drought influence the flavor of fruits? A．By enhancing their natural taste. B．By increasing their water percentage. C．By lowering their acidity to a certain level. D．By changing their taste positively or negatively. 7．What’s the main idea of paragraph 5? A．Agriculture’s role in climate change. B．Climate impact of food choices. C．Comparison of plant and animal proteins. D．Greenhouse gas emissions of raising livestock. 8．What can people do to help break the vicious cycle? A．Consume less food. B．Purchase local produce. C．Choose more animal protein. D．Advocate traditional farming methods. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化对食物味道的影响，以及食物选择对气候的反作用。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These extreme weather conditions nave reduced the number of acorns and grass available to the pigs, forcing them to consume different feed that changes the ham’s flavor.(这些极端天气条件减少了猪可食用的橡子和草的数量，迫使它们食用不同的饲料，从而改变了火腿的味道)”可知，橡子和草的减少，即猪的自然食物缺乏导致了伊比利亚火腿味道的改变。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Researchers have found that compounds like sugars accumulate in fruits during droughts, resulting in the changes of tastes, sometimes for better and sometimes for worse.(研究人员发现，在干旱期间，水果中会积累糖分等化合物，导致味道发生变化，有时更好，有时更糟)”可知，干旱通过改变水果的味道，或好或坏，来影响水果的味道。故选D项。 7．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“While the food we eat is affected by climate change, our food choices also impact the climate.(虽然我们吃的食物受到气候变化的影响，但我们的食物选择也会影响气候)”以及后文“Meat and dairy, especially from cows, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions (肉类和奶制品，尤其是来自奶牛的，会大大增加温室气体排放)”可知我们的食物选择也会影响气候，肉类和乳制品对温室气体排放有影响，可推理出本段主要讲述了食物选择对气候的影响。故选B项。 8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Additionally, more farmers are practicing “greener” farming, and when people buy local, in-season produce, the impact on the environment is reduced.(此外，越来越多的农民正在实践“更绿色”的农业，当人们购买本地、当季的农产品时，对环境的影响就会减少)”可知，人们可以通过购买本地农产品来帮助打破这个恶性循环。故选B项。 （24-25高二上·甘肃白银·期末）Building with 3D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry. Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment, it can speed up construction from weeks, or months, to days. Projects that use simple raw materials like soil, straw, and even salt, can be built in a fraction of the time and cost of traditional construction. Walls are built up layer by layer using an industrial 3D building printer. Construction waste is reduced as little as possible and, because the printers are mobile, they can be set up quickly where they are needed. Home design can be customized easily, giving architects more creative freedom. Companies use recycled products and eco-friendly cement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make building more sustainable. By using a range of simple, readily available or even waste materials like plastic in the mix, it then reduces the chance of materials being unavailable or too costly. Most construction uses conventional methods, but 3D printing is growing steadily. Community building takes on new meaning with the creation of a neighborhood of 10 3D printed homes in Tabasco, Mexico, aimed at tackling global homelessness. Families in the area live on less than $3 a day and New Story says its aim is to provide shelter for the more than one billion people without homes around the world. African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world’s most forward-thinking school building projects. Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D printing technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education. Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete in under a week. Beehive-inspired designs allow buildings to be easily expanded, and each school will include gardens built into the walls and solar panels on the roof for power. 9．What can replace the underlined word “fraction” in paragraph 1? A．Small part. B．New piece. C．Large amount. D．Complete waste. 10．What does the author think of 3D printed buildings compared with traditional ones? A．More classical. B．More complex. C．More expensive. D．More eco-friendly. 11．What is the purpose of the examples in the last two paragraphs? A．To show 3D printing is growing steadily. B．To show how to use 3D printing technology. C．To introduce where 3D printed buildings lie. D．To introduce more advantages of 3D printing. 12．Where can we read this text most likely? A．In a culture and art newspaper. B．On an athletic sports program. C．On a scientific research website. D．In a trade and marketing magazine. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．A 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在建筑行业的应用，包括其优势（减少浪费、对环境影响小、加速建造、降低成本、使用多种材料、定制性强等）以及一些应用实例。 9．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment, it can speed up construction from weeks, or months, to days.( 除了减少浪费和我们对环境的影响外，它还可以加快建筑速度从几周或几个月到几天)”以及“Projects that use simple raw materials like soil, straw, and even salt, can be built in a … of the time and cost of traditional construction.(使用土壤、稻草甚至盐等简单原材料的项目，可以在传统建筑所需时间和成本的……内建成)”可知，3D打印技术可以加快建筑速度从几周或几个月到几天，且使用土壤、稻草甚至盐等简单原材料，由此可推理出此处是指3D打印建筑技术比传统建筑技术所需时间和成本更少，所以“fraction”意思是“小部分”。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段“Walls are built up layer by layer using an industrial 3D building printer. Construction waste is reduced as little as possible(使用工业3D建筑打印机逐层建造墙壁。尽可能减少建筑垃圾)”以及第三段“Companies use recycled products and eco-friendly cement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make building more sustainable.(公司使用回收产品和环保水泥来减少二氧化碳排放，使建筑更加可持续)”可知3D打印技术尽可能减少建筑垃圾，使建筑更加可持续，可推理出作者认为3D打印建筑比传统建筑更环保。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段“Community building takes on new meaning with the creation of a neighborhood of 10 3D printed homes in Tabasco, Mexico, aimed at tackling global homelessness. Families in the area live on less than $3 a day and New Story says its aim is to provide shelter for the more than one billion people without homes around the world. (墨西哥塔巴斯科州的一个社区建造了10栋3D打印房屋，旨在解决全球无家可归问题。该地区的家庭每天收入不足3美元，New Story表示其目标是为全球超过十亿无家可归的人提供庇护所)”及第五段“African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world’s most forward-thinking school building projects. Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D printing technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education. Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete in under a week. Beehive-inspired designs allow buildings to be easily expanded, and each school will include gardens built into the walls and solar panels on the roof for power(非洲岛国马达加斯加正在承办世界上最具前瞻性的学校建设项目之一。非营利组织Thinking Huts利用3D打印技术，在儿童教育机会极少或根本没有的地区提供学校。这些学校的建设使用当地材料和低碳混凝土，不到一周就能建成。受蜂巢启发的设计使建筑易于扩展，每所学校都将包括嵌入墙壁的花园以及屋顶上的太阳能电池板以供电力)”可知，墨西哥塔巴斯科州的一个社区建造了10栋3D打印房屋，旨在解决全球无家可归问题。且非营利组织Thinking Huts利用3D打印技术，在儿童教育机会极少或根本没有的地区提供学校，由此可推理出后两段的目的是为了说明第三段结尾“ 3D printing is growing steadily. (3D打印建筑正在稳步增长)”的观点，故选A项。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Building with 3D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry.(使用3D打印技术进行建筑正在建筑行业引起广泛关注)”、第二段“Walls are built up layer by layer using an industrial 3D building printer. Construction waste is reduced as little as possible(使用工业3D建筑打印机逐层建造墙壁。尽可能减少建筑垃圾)”以及第三段“Companies use recycled products and eco-friendly cement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make building more sustainable.(公司使用回收产品和环保水泥来减少二氧化碳排放，使建筑更加可持续)”可知，文章主要介绍了3D打印建筑的优势，可推理出这篇文章很可能来自一个科学研究的网站。故选C项。 （24-25高二上·天津·期末）Gold mining has long been criticized for its environmental and economic challenges. It typically involves heavy machinery, poisonous chemicals, and vast amounts of water, all to extract (提取) minimal amounts of gold. For instance, processing a ton of ore (矿石) might produce as little as ten grams of gold. In contrast, urban mining, which recovers metals from electronic waste like printed circuit boards (PCBs), offers a significantly higher return. A ton of PCBs can produce over 150 grams of gold, along with other valuable metals like silver, copper, worth over $20, 000 per ton. Despite this, most electronic waste is not recycled properly. In 2022, the UN reported that only about 20% of the world’s 62 million tons of e-waste was formally recycled. Traditional methods for recycling PCBs, such as burning or using toxic (有毒的) chemicals, are highly polluting and energy-intensive, producing harmful emissions and toxic waste. To address these issues, scientists have turned to bioleaching (生物浸出), a cleaner and more sustainable alternative. Bioleaching uses bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (氧化亚铁硫杆菌) to produce chemicals that dissolve metals into a solution. This process, first discovered over2, 000 years ago, became commercialized in the 1950s for extracting metals from mining waste. Modern bioleaching takes place in controlled environments, whore bacteria work under ideal conditions to digest metals in just a few days. Those dissolved metals can then be recovered using methods like electroplating (电镀) . Bioscope Technologies, a company based in England, has developed an advanced bioleaching plant capable of processing 1, 000 tons of PCBs annually. The plant operates in a closed-loop (环) system where bacteria are reused, minimizing waste. Besides extracting precious metals like gold and silver, the company also recycles plastics and fiberglass from PCBs. However, they are still improving the process to better recover non-precious metals like tin and zinc. As urban mining techniques improve, it could become an even more efficient and eco-friendly solution to the growing e-waste crisis. 13．What is one major reason traditional gold mining is considered environmentally harmful? A．It destroys the ecosystems where it takes place. B．It produces little gold compared to the resources used. C．It requires expensive machinery and skilled labor. D．It leads to too much soil erosion and water pollution. 14．Based on the third paragraph, what makes modern bioleaching more effective than traditional methods? A．The bacteria are genetically engineered to target specific metals. B．The process does not rely on oxygen or heat to function. C．It works well without the need for controlled environments. D．It requires less time and works efficiently under controlled conditions. 15．What is one unique feature of Bioscope Technologies’ bioleaching system? A．It is capable of fully recycling all components of PCBs. B．It uses bacteria that are specifically bred for higher efficiency. C．It reuses bacteria in a circular system to reduce waste. D．It focuses merely on recovering precious metals like gold and silver. 16．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare traditional gold mining with urban mining in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. B．To highlight the economic and environmental challenges of gold mining and electronic waste management. C．To introduce bioleaching as an innovative and sustainable solution for electronic waste recycling. D．To advocate for banning all forms of gold mining and electronic waste production. 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市采矿技术，尤其是生物浸出法的应用。 13．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Gold mining has long been criticized for its environmental and economic challenges. It typically involves heavy machinery, poisonous chemicals, and vast amounts of water, all to extract (提取) minimal amounts of gold. (金矿开采长期以来因其环境和经济挑战而受到批评。它通常涉及重型机械、有毒化学品和大量水资源，而所有这些只是为了提取极少量的黄金。)”可知，传统金矿开采被认为对环境有害的一个主要原因是它使用的资源多，但产出的黄金少。故选B。 14．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Modern bioleaching takes place in controlled environments, whore bacteria work under ideal conditions to digest metals in just a few days. Those dissolved metals can then be recovered using methods like electroplating (电镀) . (生物浸出利用细菌（如氧化亚铁硫杆菌）产生化学物质，将金属溶解成溶液。这一过程在2000多年前就已被发现，20世纪50年代开始实现商业化，用于从采矿废物中提取金属。现代生物浸出在受控环境中进行，细菌在理想条件下工作，只需几天就能消化金属。然后，可以使用电镀等方法回收这些溶解的金属。)”可知，现代生物浸出法之所以比传统方法更有效，是因为它需要的时间更少，并且在受控条件下工作效率高。故选D。 15．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Bioscope Technologies, a company based in England, has developed an advanced bioleaching plant capable of processing 1, 000 tons of PCBs annually. The plant operates in a closed-loop (环) system where bacteria are reused, minimizing waste. (英国的一家公司——生物视野技术公司Bioscope Technologies开发了一座先进的生物浸出工厂，每年能够处理1000吨PCBs。该工厂采用闭环系统运行，细菌得以重复利用，从而将废物降至最低。)”可知，Bioscope Technologies公司的生物浸出系统的一个独特特点是它在循环系统中重复使用细菌以减少浪费。故选C。 16．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“To address these issues, scientists have turned to bioleaching (生物浸出), a cleaner and more sustainable alternative. (为了解决这些问题，科学家们转向了生物浸出这一更清洁、更可持续的替代方案。)”可知，文章主要为了介绍了生物浸出作为一种创新和可持续的电子废物回收解决方案。故选C。 （24-25高二上·山东·期中）As cities continue to grow, the need for efficient and sustainable food production has never been greater. UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into vibrant green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents. Rooftop Green is designed to be adaptable, serving small households as well as large commercial buildings. By developing otherwise unused rooftop space, it provides a practical solution to the problem of urban food deserts. The system is remarkably easy to maintain and promises a constant supply of organic vegetables and herbs. The technology behind Rooftop Green includes smart sensors and an automatic watering system. The latter optimizes plant growth with minimal water use. Connected to a mobile app, the sensors gives users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times. The app ensures that even green-hand gardeners can successfully cultivate their crops with confidence. By creating green oases (绿洲) in urban areas, Rooftop Green not only cuts the carbon footprint associated with food transport but also enhances urban biodiversity. Furthermore, it reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, making it an environmentally friendly option for conscientious citizens. UrbanSprout employees incorporate the company’s eco-friendly values in their daily routines. They actively participate in community gardening and conservation projects, promoting sustainability within and beyond the workplace. “Our goal is to cultivate a culture that values green living,” explained an UrbanSprout representative. Rooftop Green is more than an agricultural innovation. It is part of a broader movement towards sustainable urban living. For those looking to make a positive environmental impact, it offers an accessible and impactful way to engage with sustainability. 17．What is the main purpose of Rooftop Green? A．To generate profits through commercial farming. B．To provide fresh produce by rooftop gardening. C．To conduct scientific research on plant growth. D．To provide decorations for urban buildings. 18．What’s the function of smart sensors? A．Decreasing the need for watering. B．Speeding up the growth of plants. C．Observing the gardening process. D．Building confidence of beginners. 19．What does Rooftop Green suggest? A．The change of workplace culture. B．A green and long-lasting city life. C．The total reliance on technologies. D．A trend towards independent living. 20．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Role of Technology in Urban Gardening B．Enhancing Urban Biodiversity with Sensors C．Rooftop Solutions for Urban Food Deserts D．Innovations in Agricultural Technology 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍UrbanSprout公司推出的Rooftop Green花园系统，强调了在城市环境中实现可持续食品生产的重要性。旨在向读者展示如何利用城市屋顶空间种植有机蔬菜和草药，以减少食物运输的碳足迹并增强城市生物多样性。核心价值观在于推广环保意识和绿色生活方式，鼓励人们积极参与社区园艺活动，共同促进可持续发展。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into vibrant green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents.(UrbanSprout是一家创新型公司，它推出了屋顶绿色花园系统，将城市屋顶转变为充满活力的绿色空间，直接为城市居民提供新鲜农产品。)”可知，Rooftop Green系统将城市屋顶转变为提供新鲜农产品的绿色空间，直接供应给城市居民。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段“Connected to a mobile app, the sensors gives users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times. The app ensures that even green-hand gardeners can successfully cultivate their crops with confidence.(这些传感器与移动应用程序相连，可以让用户了解植物的健康状况、生长阶段和适当的收获时间。这款应用程序确保即使是新手园丁也能自信地成功种植庄稼。)”可知，传感器连接到移动应用程序，提供关于植物健康、生长阶段和正确收获时间的数据，方便观察植物生长过程。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““Our goal is to cultivate a culture that values green living,” explained an UrbanSprout representative.(UrbanSprout的一位代表解释说：‘我们的目标是培养一种重视绿色生活的文化。’)”和最后一段“Rooftop Green is more than an agricultural innovation. It is part of a broader movement towards sustainable urban living.(屋顶绿色不仅仅是一项农业创新。这是更广泛的可持续城市生活运动的一部分。)”可知，Rooftop Green不仅仅是一项农业创新，它还是朝着绿色可持续城市生活更广泛运动的一部分。故选B。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into vibrant green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents.(UrbanSprout是一家创新型公司，它推出了屋顶绿色花园系统，将城市屋顶转变为充满活力的绿色空间，直接为城市居民提供新鲜农产品。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了Rooftop Green系统如何解决城市食品荒漠问题，并提供了一种可持续的城市生活解决方案。C项“Rooftop Solutions for Urban Food Deserts(城市食物沙漠的屋顶解决方案)”为最佳标题。故选C。 （24-25高二上·河北保定·期末）Of the 8,300 million tons of new plastic produced up to the end of 2015, 6,300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Micro plastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches (海沟) and in drinking water around the world. But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives? For the sake of the planet, it would be an attractive prospect — but we’d quickly find out just how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence. In hospitals, the loss of plastic would be devastating. “Imagine trying to run a dialysis (透析) unit with no plastic,” says Sharon George, senior lecturer in environmental sustainability and green technology at Keele University in the UK. Plastic is used in gloves, tubing, blood bags, sample tubes and more. Some everyday plastic items are also vital for protecting health. Face masks — including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators (人工呼吸器) — have helped slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. “A mask that you have for COVID is related to our safety and the safety of others,” says George. “The impact of taking that away could be loss of life if you took it away on a big scale.” Our food system would also quickly come apart. We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves. “I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,” says Eleni Iacovidou, a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London. Replacing plastic packaging would set off a chain reaction in the environment. While glass has some advantages over plastic, such as being endlessly recyclable, a one-liter glass bottle can weigh as much as 800g compared to a 40g plastic one. When those heavier bottles and jars need to be transported over long distances, carbon emissions grow even more. It’s clear that replacing one material with another won’t solve all our plastic problems. 21．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give a definition. B．To report on a study. C．To introduce an argument. D．To describe a phenomenon. 22．What does the underlined word “devastating” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Interesting. B．Practical. C．Predictable. D．Destructive. 23．What is Eleni Iacovidou’s attitude toward removing plastic totally in food system? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Optimistic. D．Uninterested. 24．Which would be the best title for the text? A．What if we stopped using plastic? B．Is plastic packaging bad for the environment? C．More recycling won’t solve plastic pollution D．Swapping out plastic for sustainable living 【答案】21．C 22．D 23．A 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过提出一系列假设和事实，探讨了如果我们停止使用塑料，将会面临哪些问题和挑战。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段“Of the 8,300 million tons of new plastic produced up to the end of 2015, 6, 300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Micro plastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches and in drinking water around the world. (截至2015年底，全球共生产了83亿吨新塑料，其中63亿吨已被丢弃。大部分塑料垃圾至今仍然存在，被埋藏在垃圾填埋场或污染着环境。在南极海冰、生活在最深海洋沟壑中的动物肠道以及世界各地的饮用水中都发现了微塑料)”可知，本段列举了一系列数据和事实，其目的是为了引出下文关于“如果我们停止使用塑料，将会怎样？”的论题。故选C。 22．词句猜测题。根据第三段中““Imagine trying to run a dialysis unit with no plastic,” says Sharon George, senior lecturer in environmental sustainability and green technology at Keele University in the UK. (‘想象一下，在没有塑料的情况下运营一个透析室，’英国基尔大学环境可持续性与绿色技术高级讲师莎伦·乔治说道。)”、“Plastic is used in gloves, tubing, blood bags, sample tubes and more. (塑料被用于手套、管材、血袋、样本试管等。)”以及第四段中“Some everyday plastic items are also vital for protecting health. (一些日常塑料制品对保护健康也至关重要。)”可知，塑料在医疗领域中被广泛应用，由此推断，如果医院没有塑料，将会产生毁灭性的影响。因此“devastating”在此处的意思是“毁灭性的”。A. Interesting有趣的；B. Practical实用的，实际的；C. Predictable可预测的；D. Destructive破坏性的，毁灭性的。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Our food system would also quickly come apart. We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves.“I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,” says Eleni Iacovidou, a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London. (我们的食品系统也会很快分崩离析。我们使用包装来保护食品在运输过程中不受损坏，并保持足够长的时间使其能够上架超市货架。‘我无法想象我们的系统中如何能完全取代塑料，’伦敦布鲁内尔大学环境管理讲师Eleni Iacovidou说)”可知，Eleni Iacovidou认为塑料为我们带来了很多好处，因此对于完全不使用塑料持怀疑态度，表示无法想象。故选A。 24．主旨大意题。文章第一段“Of the 8,300 million tons of new plastic produced up to the end of 2015, 6, 300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Micro plastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches and in drinking water around the world. (截至2015年底，全球共生产了83亿吨新塑料，其中63亿吨已被丢弃。大部分塑料垃圾至今仍然存在，被埋藏在垃圾填埋场或污染着环境。在南极海冰、生活在最深海洋沟壑中的动物肠道以及世界各地的饮用水中都发现了微塑料)”通过列举塑料污染的现状，由此引出第二段“But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives? (但如果我们能挥动魔杖，将我们生活中的所有塑料都消除呢？)”的论题，接着从医疗、食品系统等方面探讨了停止使用塑料可能带来的问题和挑战。因此，A项“如果我们停止使用塑料会怎样？”最能概括文章的主旨大意，为最佳标题。故选A。 （24-25高二上·山东威海·期中） A new form of house is popping up along the beaches of South Africa -tiny white beach nests (巢). They are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖). African penguins grow strong in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean. But when they come to land, their thick black coat absorbs the heat, and they desperately look for cover — both for themselves and their eggs. Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (海鸟粪层), but in the 1800s, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to hunters and the burning sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg hunting, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to decline sharply. That’s why conservationists have come to the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Project (APNP), which aims to build artificial nests to give penguin parents a safe and shaded place to raise their babies. Although guano 0trade gradually disappeared, recreating the layers isn’t easy. Seabird populations have declined so much over time, so there are simply not enough birds to recreate it, says Kevin Graham, director of the project. Instead, the project decided to build artificial nests. The design took years to develop, as Graham and other scientists closely studied old guano nests and worked out how best to copy “Mother Nature”. Getting the right temperature and humidity, the nests create an air conditioning effect. “The project started to build the nests in 2018 and the nests have usage rates of at least 99%,” he explains. Graham agrees that population recovery depends on more than just giving African penguins a safe place to breed. It’s not simply a case of “we give them a nest, the species is saved,” he says. “It’s a big part of it, but there has to be more.” 25．What can we learn about earlier penguins? A．Their eggs were often eaten by seabirds. B．They were traded in markets in the 1800s. C．Their waste was used as excellent fertilizer. D．They used guano layers to house themselves. 26．Why was the APNP started? A．To fight against egg hunting B．To offer penguins a shelter to live and breed. C．To call on people to rescue injured penguins. D．To build artificial nests to save endangered seabirds. 27．Why is it difficult to have natural nests for penguins? A．There isn’t enough guano. B．The land space is too limited. C．The temperature is too low. D．There are too many penguins. 28．What is the purpose of the text? A．To call for the protection of penguins. B．To introduce a new nest for African penguins. C．To promote the African Penguin Nest Project. D．To compare penguins’ natural and artificial nests. 【答案】25．D 26．B 27．A 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南非海滩上出现的一种新型房屋——专为非洲企鹅设计的白色小海滩巢穴，以及这一项目（非洲企鹅巢穴项目）的背景、目的、设计和实施效果。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (海鸟粪层), but in the 1800s, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to hunters and the burning sun.(从历史上看，企鹅在鸟粪层中挖洞，但在19世纪，商人开始出售鸟粪作为肥料，使企鹅和它们的蛋越来越多地暴露在猎人和烈日下)”可知，早期的企鹅用鸟粪层来筑巢。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“That’s why conservationists have come to the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Project (APNP), which aims to build artificial nests to give penguin parents a safe and shaded place to raise their babies.(这就是为什么自然资源保护主义者发起了非洲企鹅巢项目（APNP），该项目旨在建造人工巢穴，为企鹅父母提供一个安全、阴凉的地方来抚养他们的孩子)”可知，启动APNP是为了为企鹅提供栖息和繁殖的地方。故选B项。 27．推理判断题。根据第四段“Although guano 0trade gradually disappeared, recreating the layers isn’t easy. Seabird populations have declined so much over time, so there are simply not enough birds to recreate it, says Kevin Graham, director of the project.(虽然鸟粪贸易逐渐消失，但重建这些层并不容易。该项目负责人凯文·格雷厄姆（Kevin Graham）说，随着时间的推移，海鸟数量大幅减少，因此根本没有足够的鸟类来重建它)”可知，没有足够的鸟粪，所以企鹅很难有天然的巢穴。故选A项。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new form of house is popping up along the beaches of South Africa — tiny white beach nests (巢). They are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖).(南非海滩上出现了一种新型房屋——小小的白色海滩巢。它们的大小刚好能容下一个非洲企鹅家族。它们独特的卖点是：一个安全凉爽的地方供企鹅繁殖)”以及纵观全文可推知，本文的目的是介绍非洲企鹅的一种新巢穴。故选B项。 （24-25高二上·山东德州·期中）Today, trees face a serious threat from human activity. Over the past 300 years, 1.5 billion hectares of forest have been lost, resulting in the loss of biodiversity, desertification, and increased flood risks. Deforestation is also linked to a higher likelihood of disease outbreaks due to increased contact between humans and animals. In his book Treewilding, ecologist Jake Robinson explores how to best protect and restore forests. He argues that merely planting trees is not enough to fight deforestation. Tree-planting projects have increased dramatically in recent decades. Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases. Robinson advocates for a more informed approach to forest restoration. Regulators must understand the complex connections between trees, people, animals, and even microorganisms. For instance, native people often rely on forests for farming and raising livestock. Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly. Robinson highlights several forest restoration projects. The Great Green Wall project aims to grow a line of trees across the Sahara Desert to prevent desert expansion and improve local livelihoods. Another project, Western Australia’s Gondwana Link, seeks to reconnect broken forest areas to protect endangered species. These projects emphasize the importance of understanding local ecosystems and investing in the long-term care of young trees. Robinson concludes that natural regeneration — allowing forests to heal themselves — is one of the best methods of restoration. He compares it to a phoenix (凤凰) rising from its ashes, pointing out that a forest can regenerate from its own leftovers. His descriptions and thought-provoking questions add depth to his narrative. He explores how to understand the environment’s fundamental state and examines how animals contribute to forest regeneration. His balanced perspective encourages researchers to develop more effective methods for forest restoration. 29．What does Robinson argue in his book Treewilding? A．Planting trees can pose risks to ecosystems. B．Deforestation has led to a complete biodiversity loss. C．Forests can only be restored via human intervention. D．Planting more trees is the best way to fight deforestation. 30．What does monoculture refer to based on the text? A．A natural process of forest growth. B．A method for restoring ecosystems. C．A practice that enhances forest health. D．A phenomenon harmful to biodiversity. 31．Why does Robinson emphasize the role of communities in tree-planting projects? A．To ensure the projects are cost-effective. B．To make tree-planting projects more digital. C．To protect communities from unjust displacement. D．To encourage modern technology in restoration efforts. 32．Which is the best approach for forest restoration according to Robinson? A．Planting diverse species of trees. B．Encouraging natural regeneration. C．Promoting extensive artificial planting. D．Helping animals tackle forest’s leftovers. 【答案】29．A 30．D 31．C 32．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生态学家杰克·罗宾逊在他的书《Treewilding》中探讨了如何最好地保护和恢复森林，介绍了他对种树的一些看法。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases.(尽管树木通过捕获碳有助于防止土壤退化和应对气候变化，但规划不当的植树项目可能会损害生态系统。单一栽培，即只种植一种树木，减少了生物多样性，使森林更容易遭受疾病)”可知，罗宾逊在他的书《树野》中论述了种树会给生态系统带来风险。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据第二段“Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases.(单一栽培，即只种植一种树木，减少了生物多样性，使森林更容易遭受疾病)”可知，单一栽培指的是对生物多样性有害的现象。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据第三段“Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly.(因此，植树项目应考虑到当地的知识和社区的需求，以避免不公平地取代它们)”可知，罗宾逊强调社区在植树计划中的作用是为了保护社区以免被不公正地取代。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Robinson concludes that natural regeneration — allowing forests to heal themselves — is one of the best methods of restoration.(罗宾逊的结论是，自然再生——让森林自我修复——是最好的恢复方法之一)”可知，鼓励自然再生是森林恢复的最佳方法。故选B。 （24-25高二上·贵州贵阳·期中）Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho. It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane (薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles (水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention. The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho and they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on. Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future. 33．How is most plastic dealt with in America? A．It’s sold. B．It’s recycled. C．It’s buried. D．It’s wasted. 34．Why did the team invent Ooho? A．To protect the environment. B．To make a profit for a company. C．To make people eat as they drink. D．To reduce the cost of plastic bottles. 35．What can we know from Paragraph 3? A．It took the team two years to completely invent Ooho. B．Ooho might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles. C．The team applied for a patent before the invention began. D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology. 36．What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph? A．Ooho is to be a success in the future. B．Ooho is being supported by smart people. C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now. D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors. 【答案】33．D 34．A 35．B 36．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Skipping Rocks实验室发明的新型环保储水容器Ooho，它是一个能携带液体资源的球面薄膜，它的制作成本很低，强韧且环保、可生物降解而且可食用。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. (在美国，只有23%的塑料最终进入了回收箱，这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理。)”可知，在美国，只有23%的塑料资源被回收利用，大部分的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了，被浪费了，故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第一段“Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho. (使用塑料水瓶不仅会损害你的钱包，还会增加污染，浪费能源和水。在美国，只有23%的塑料最终进入了回收箱，这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理。最近，Skipping Rocks实验室发明了一种叫做Ooho的水瓶。)”和第二段“And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention. (太多的塑料肯定会对环境造成危害，这可以解释他们发明这种新产品的目的。)”可知，Skipping Rocks实验室发明新型环保的储水容器Ooho是为了保护环境。故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据第三段“The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. (单个水泡或单位水泡的价格尚未确定，但制造一个单位的成本约为2美分，比塑料瓶便宜。)”可知，制造储水容器Ooho的成本比塑料矿泉水瓶低得多，因此可以推断出其市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低，故选B。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future. (Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，在短短三天内就筹集了100多万美元，吸引了1000名投资者。目前，它主要是在活动中出售，以便在生产机器启动和运行时保持消费者的兴趣。它正在迅速崛起，所以今年请关注这些未来的瓶子。)”可知，许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景，作者也相信它一定会成功的，故选A。 （24-25高二上·甘肃白银·期中）Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United states alone are considered in danger. Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more. Animals are more than beautiful or interesting or a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by mice. Why? Because hawks eat mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the mice multiplied quickly. Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. 37．Animals are important to us mainly because________ A．they give us a source of food. B．they are beautiful and lovely. C．they give us a lot of pleasure. D．they keep the balance of nature. 38．What is the meaning of the underlined word “multiplied” in the passage? A．became less. B．became more. C．turned black. D．ate food: 39．We can infer from the passage that ________ A．people have known the importance of animal protection since a long time ago. B．the number of hawks is on the decrease. C．animals play an important role in people’s life. D．many countries passed laws forbidding the killing of any animal. 40．What is the best title for the passage? A．Animals in Danger. B．Useful Animals. C．Laws for Animals. D．Save the Animals. 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．C 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了动物被人类浪费和猎杀的现状，然后通过举例说明动物在自然平衡中的重要性，最后阐述了人们为拯救濒危动物所采取的措施。 37．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. (每一种动物在自然平衡中都有其位置。破坏一种动物会引发很多问题。)”可知，动物对我们重要主要是因为它们能保持自然的平衡，故选D项。 38．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by mice. Why? Because hawks eat mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the mice multiplied quickly. (例如，当农民杀死大量的鹰时，农民储存的玉米和谷物被老鼠破坏了。为什么呢？因为鹰吃老鼠。没有鹰来控制它们的数量，老鼠迅速……。)”可知，农民大量捕杀鹰后，没有鹰来控制老鼠的数量使得其快速增加，multiplied的意思是“变得更多”，即became more，故选B项。 39．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Animals are more than beautiful or interesting or a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. (动物不仅仅是美丽或有趣的，或者是食物的来源。每种动物在自然界的平衡中都有其位置。)”及“For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by mice. (例如，当农民杀死大量鹰时，农民的玉米和粮食储备被老鼠摧毁。)”可知，动物在人们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，故选C项。 40．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. (动物被杀害是因为它们的皮毛和羽毛、食物、运动，仅仅是因为它们挡路。数以千计的动物永远地从地球上消失了。今天还有数百人在危险名单上。)”，倒数第二段“Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. (幸运的是，一些人正在努力帮助拯救动物。一些团体筹集资金让人们了解这个问题。并且他们试图让政府通过法律来保护处于危险中的动物。)”及最后一段“Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. (有相当多的国家已经通过了法律。这些法律禁止杀害危险名单上的任何动植物。慢慢地，一些处于危险中的动物的数量在增加。)”可知，本文从动物面临的危险，到强调其重要性，再到人们为拯救它们所采取的行动，整体都是围绕着“拯救动物”这一核心主题，D项“Save the Animals (拯救动物)”最能概括全文。故选D项。 （24-25高二上·广西·期中）It is no secret that the Romans were heavy wine drinkers and vine (葡萄藤) growing dominated much of the agricultural landscape. A very common technique for growing grape vines in Roman times was to attach them to rows of trees in fields that were also used for food plants and vegetables in a system called arbustum. Farmers would grow several crops together on the low-lying and flat lands in order to survive. These lands were often close to rivers and coasts, attractive areas for settlement and agriculture, which contrasted sharply with the typical landscape of hillsides covered by rows of tightly spaced vines in modern vineyards. For modern winemakers, growing vines in wet soil and air is unthinkable. It presents a huge risk of fungal (真菌的) diseases that could weaken and kill the vines. Nevertheless, the Romans made it work. The main tree species used in the arbustum system included populars, elms, alders, willows, maples, and ashes, which grew well in wet environments. These trees needed lots of water to sustain their rapid growth and absorbed extra water from the soil, acting as a water pump and contributing to the natural drainage (排水) of an area. Their roots meant vines could stay healthy and perform well in such environments for centuries on end. By training vines to climb high—up to 15 or even 20 meters—the damage done by rising soil wetness was further reduced, while the heating impact of the sun was increased. The arbustum system had some additional boons. The trees influenced the microclimate of the vineyard by lessening winter frosts, protecting against strong winds, and reducing unwanted seed distribution. Most importantly, the shade provided by trees seemed to delay the ripening of grapes by weeks without problematically decreasing production. This is a blessing for winemakers who are increasingly faced with grapes that mature too quickly, have too many sugars, and give lower quality wine with too much alcohol as a result of higher annual temperatures. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has stressed the need for expanding agroforestry (农林业) and spreading its numerous environmental and socioeconomic advantages, especially in helping millions of farmers survive in an increasingly warming climate. 41．What was the main feature of the ancient vines in Roman times? A．They were mixed with other crops. B．They relied heavily on water resources. C．They were tightly spaced in a hilly area. D．They grew on hillsides with abundant sun exposure. 42．How did the Romans manage to grow vines in wet soil? A．By planting the roots deeper. B．By setting up drainage channels. C．By introducing special tree species. D．By applying chemical treatments to the soil. 43．What does the underlined word “boons” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Requirements. B．Benefits. C．Expenses. D．Workloads. 44．What may the ancient Roman vine planting bring us? A．Suggestions for exploring ancient farming. B．Methods for increasing incomes of farmers. C．Insights into fully using limited land resources. D．Clues for adapting agriculture to a warming planet. 【答案】41．A 42．C 43．B 44．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了古罗马时期葡萄种植技术的特点及其对现代农业的启示，特别是在应对气候变化方面的应用。 41．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A very common technique for growing grape vines in Roman times was to attach them to rows of trees in fields that were also used for food plants and vegetables in a system called arbustum. Farmers would grow several crops together on the low-lying and flat lands in order to survive. (在罗马时代，一种非常常见的葡萄藤种植技术是将它们附着在树木行上，这些田地也用于种植食物植物和蔬菜，这种系统被称为arbustum。农民会在低洼和平坦的土地上同时种植多种作物以求生存)”可知，罗马时代的葡萄藤与其他作物混合在一起。故选 A。 42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nevertheless, the Romans made it work. The main tree species used in the arbustum system included populars, elms, alders, willows, maples, and ashes, which grew well in wet environments. These trees needed lots of water to sustain their rapid growth and absorbed extra water from the soil, acting as a water pump and contributing to the natural drainage of an area. Their roots meant vines could stay healthy and perform well in such environments for centuries on end.(然而，罗马人却成功做到了这一点。在arbustum系统中使用的主树种包括杨树、榆树、桤木、柳树、枫树和白蜡树，这些树在潮湿环境中生长良好。这些树需要大量的水来维持其快速生长，并从土壤中吸收多余的水分，起到水泵的作用，有助于自然排水。它们的根系使得葡萄藤能够在这样的环境中健康生长数百年)”可知，罗马人通过引入特殊的树种，设法在潮湿的土壤中种植葡萄藤。故选C项。 43．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词后“The trees influenced the microclimate of the vineyard by lessening winter frosts, protecting against strong winds, and reducing unwanted seed distribution. Most importantly, the shade provided by trees seemed to delay the ripening of grapes by weeks without problematically decreasing production.(树木通过减少冬季霜冻、抵御强风和减少不需要的种子传播，影响了葡萄园的微气候。最重要的是，树木提供的阴凉似乎可以延迟葡萄成熟几周，而不会显著降低产量)”可知，这个系统不仅能调节葡萄园的微气候，而且树木的树荫能够推迟葡萄的成熟期，由此推知，arbustum系统还有一些额外的好处，划线词与B项“好处，益处”意义相近。故选B项。 44．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has stressed the need for expanding agroforestry and spreading its numerous environmental and socioeconomic advantages, especially in helping millions of farmers survive in an increasingly warming climate.(联合国粮食及农业组织强调了扩大农林业和传播其众多环境和社会经济优势的必要性，尤其是在帮助数百万农民在日益变暖的气候中生存方面)”可知，古罗马的葡萄种植为我们提供了使农业适应全球变暖的线索。故选D项。 （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中）Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. In fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever-more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives. When a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan (口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception. And what about today’s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told—why else would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analyzing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non-governmental organizations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place. So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And there lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer. 45．What can we learn about greenwashing? A．It is an ecological concept. B．It is a marketing technique. C．It is an awareness campaign. D．It is an advertising innovation. 46．What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Hide the truth. B．Raise the risk. C．Expose the weakness. D．Break the limit. 47．What can be inferred about most consumers? A．They are lacking in legal knowledge. B．They have encouraged greenwashing. C．They may question consumer groups. D．They tend to make sensible decisions. 48．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Actions to fight false advertising. B．Ways to protect customers’ interest. C．Attempts to solve environmental problems. D．Proposals to ensure sustainable development. 【答案】45．B 46．A 47．B 48．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在社会中不光有企业致力于让世界变得更美好、更环保，也有一些公司夸大效果、编造数据，试图用环保理念掩盖其黑暗的动机。 45．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. In fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. (几乎每天都有一家公司在精心制作的广告中告诉我们，它为我们的环境做出了多大的贡献。事实上，他们没有对可再生能源或替代能源进行足够的投资。统计数据是编造的，在数百万美元的广告活动中，即使是最微小的生态改善也被夸大了，与此同时，贪婪的一面仍在继续。)”可知，作者举例说明现状，即很多公司会利用广告试图向外界表达自己绿色、环保的生产经营理念，而实际上却并没有真正做到环保。由此可以推测出，所以对于这些公司来说，假装自己环保只是一种打广告的营销手段。故选B项。 46．词句猜测题。由文章第三段“When a company spends more time and money claiming to be ‘green’ than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan (口号). Their message is ‘buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans’. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception.(当一家公司花更多的时间和金钱声称自己是‘绿色’的，而不是实际采取尽量减少环境影响的商业实践时，很明显，对他们来说，环保主义只不过是一个方便的口号。他们的信息是‘购买我们的产品，你将结束全球变暖，改善空气质量，拯救海洋’。充其量，这种‘漂绿’将事实推向了极限；在最坏的情况下，它有助于 。)”可知，一些公司假装是在改善环境，而它们打环保主义的口号只是为了掩盖事实，所以推测conceal deception表“掩盖事实”的意思。故选A项。 47．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told—why else would companies do it? (漂绿之所以成为可能，是因为消费者经常相信别人告诉他们的，否则公司为什么会这样做?) ”可知，消费者相信广告公司的漂绿行为，助长了公司的虚假环保的行为，所以B选项They have encouraged greenwashing. (他们已经鼓励了漂绿行为) 正确。故选B。 48．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And there lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer.(所有这些肯定都是问题的核心：广告的真正影响是推广不可持续的生活方式。这就是我们星球面临的真正危险，一种不能再被忽视的危险。) ”可知，本段讲的是虚假广告会引发民众不可持续的生活方式和地球的不可持续发展，所以为了解决这一核心问题，需要采取行动打击虚假广告。故选A项。 （24-25高二上·福建泉州·期中）Assume that you go to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right? For residents of Andernach, a German city, it’s not just a Utopian dream — it’s their reality. In 2010, Andernach began its “edible (可食用的) city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties. The town’s motto is, “Picking is encouraged — help yourself!” It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about planting, cultivating (耕作) and harvesting food. “I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!” said a local historian. Andernach may be the first, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project connecting green urban food initiatives (倡议) around the world. Other edible cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and Šempeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr. Ina Saumel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and professionals of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”. Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope. 49．How does the author lead in the topic? A．By making an assumption. B．By giving an example. C．By quoting a saying. D．By making a comparison. 50．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Every citizen can get the fruits they like at any time. B．The project encourages all the citizens’ engagement. C．It’s the government’s duty to maintain the gardens. D．Local people needn’t worry about managing the gardens. 51．What is the purpose of holding Edible Cities Networks Conference, according to Dr. Saumel? A．To bring together experts to exchange ideas. B．To arouse people’s awareness of green food. C．To connect Andernach with the other edible cities. D．To attract more countries to take part in the project. 52．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Edible Cities Network: Easy Access to Food Security. B．Edible Cities Network: An End to Climate Change. C．Edible Cities: A Project For Garden Planting. D．Edible Cities: From Dream to Reality. 【答案】49．B 50．B 51．A 52．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了德国城市安德纳赫的“可食用城市”项目及所属的“可食用城市网络”项目在全球范围的发展情况，表明了“可食用城市”这个理念把梦想变成了现实。 49．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2010, Andernach began its “edible (可食用的) city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties.( 2010年，安德纳赫开始了“可食用城市”项目，在市中心周围的公共绿地上种植了101种西红柿。这里的3万名居民和其他游客一样，可以随意摘取任何生长的植物。每年都会引进一种新的植物。2011年种植了100种豆子，2012年引进了20种洋葱)”可知，作者是通过给出德国城市安德纳赫的例子引出话题。故选B项。 50．推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about planting, cultivating (耕作) and harvesting food.( 这是一个社区的努力，因为当地居民被鼓励帮助种植和维护花园。这提供了一个社交的机会，也可以学习种植、培育和收获食物)”可知，市民可以参与种植、培育和收获，推断出该项目鼓励所有市民的参与。故选B项。 51．推理判断题。根据第三段“Dr. Ina Saumel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and professionals of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”.(“可食用城市网络”首席研究员伊娜·索梅尔博士称，“这是一个独特的机会，可以邀请可食用城市解决方案的研究人员和专业人士坐在同一张桌子上，将理论与实践结合起来。”) ”可知，索梅尔博士认为，举办“可食用城市网络会议”的目的是把专家聚集在一起交换意见。故选A项。 52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“For residents of Andernach, a German city, it’s not just a Utopian dream- it’s their reality.( 对于德国城市安德纳赫的居民来说，这不仅仅是一个乌托邦式的梦想——这是他们的现实)”及最后一段“Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope.(“可食城市网络”的最终目标是打造“更绿色、更可食、最重要的是更宜居的城市”。这是对气候变化压力的回应，也是希望的源泉。) ”可知，本文主要介绍了德国城市安德纳赫的“可食用城市”项目及所属的“可食用城市网络”项目在全球范围的发展情况，“可食用城市”这个理念把梦想变成了现实。因此D项“可食用城市：从梦想到现实”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选D项。 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中）Harvard University scientists have developed a durable and economical material that are biodegradable, drawing inspiration from insects’ hard outer shells. The inventors of this material suggest it has diverse potential applications and could potentially serve as a greener alternative to plastics in the future. The material, composed of shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk”. It boasts characteristics such as being lightweight, thin, clear, and tough as nails. One of the key advantages of this material is that it breaks down naturally over time. Back in the1950s and 1960s, the toughness and flexibility of plastic were a game-changer in the field of materials science. But fast-forward a few decades, it is the very toughness and flexibility of plastic that is raising questions about how appropriate it is for single-use items like shopping bags, or short-term household products, used in the home for a few years before they end up in a dump where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years? The shrilk’s creators are optimistic about its vast potential. The materials used to manufacture shrilk are readily available in nature. They can be found in a wide range of sources including shrimp shells, insect bodies, and living plants. This availability makes the cost of shrilk low and its mass production possible, especially for products that require a significant amount of material. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They’re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other household products. They’re even exploring, combining it with other materials like carbon fibers, to give it new properties. 53．Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk’s ________. A．remarkable design B．interesting name C．major features D．basic elements 54．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “degrade” in Paragraph 2? A．Protect. B．Build up. C．Break down. D．Destroy. 55．According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because ________. A．it can help plastic degrade B．it can be found in living things C．its mass production has been realized D．its raw materials are plentiful in nature 56．Which of the following would be the most suitable title for this text? A．A Possible Alternative Plastic B．The Harm of One-time Products C．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research D．Recent Progress in Environment Protection 【答案】53．C 54．C 55．D 56．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名叫shrilk的新型材料，主要包括这种材料的特性、潜在应用以及其作为塑料替代品的潜力。 53．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Harvard University scientists have developed a durable and economical material that are biodegradable, drawing inspiration from insects’ hard outer shells. The inventors of this material suggest it has diverse potential applications and could potentially serve as a greener alternative to plastics in the future. (哈佛大学的科学家从昆虫坚硬的外壳中获得灵感，开发出一种耐用且经济的可生物降解材料。这种材料的发明者表示，它有多种潜在的应用，未来可能会成为塑料的绿色替代品)”和“It boasts characteristics such as being lightweight, thin, clear, and tough as nails. (它具有轻、薄、透明、坚韧等特点)”可知，本段在介绍虾壳丝的名称由来之外，主要展现的是这种材料的主要特点。故选C项。 54．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years? (制造能持续一千年的东西有什么意义)”可知，塑料能在自然界中存在非常长的时间，由此可知，塑料的降解时间非常久，画线词意思应该与Break down“分解”一致。故选C项。 55．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The materials used to manufacture shrilk are readily available in nature. They can be found in a wide range of sources including shrimp shells, insect bodies, and living plants. (用于制造虾壳丝的材料在自然界中很容易得到。它们的来源很广，包括虾壳、昆虫身体和活的植物)”可知，对于发明者而言，这种材料有很大的潜力，部分原因是它的原材料丰富。故选D项。 56．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Harvard University scientists have developed a durable and economical material that are biodegradable, drawing inspiration from insects’ hard outer shells. (哈佛大学的科学家从昆虫坚硬的外壳中获得灵感，开发出一种耐用且经济的可生物降解材料)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种名叫shrilk的新型材料，主要包括这种材料的特性、潜在应用以及其作为塑料替代品的潜力。因此，A项“一种可能的塑料替代品”最准确地概括了文章的核心信息，直接关联到这种新型材料及其作为塑料替代品的潜力，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重点话题28人与自然-环境保护 阅读理解 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） “人与自然-环境保护”的阅读理解高频单词和短语： 一、高频单词 environment：环境 environmental protection环境保护 pollution：污染 air pollution空气污染 ecology：生态，生态学 water pollution水污染 species：物种，种类 endangered species濒危物种 habitat：栖息地 resource：资源 wind energy风能 natural resources自然资源 energy：能源；能量 solar energy太阳能 sustain：维持；遭受 sustainable：可持续的 climate：气候 climate change气候变化 emission：排放物；散发物；排放 carbon：碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳 carbon footprint碳足迹 fossil fuel化石燃料 fossil：化石 garbage：垃圾；废物 waste：废物；浪费 household waste家庭垃圾 protect：保护 waste disposal废物处理 wildlife：野生动物 recycle：回收利用；再循环 preserve：保护；保存；维持 protect the environment保护环境 restore：恢复；使复原；修复 二、高频短语 environmental protection：环境保护 carbon dioxide：二氧化碳 fossil fuel：化石燃料 greenhouse effect：温室效应 global warming：全球变暖 ecological balance：生态平衡 renewable energy：可再生能源 waste disposal：废物处理 on behalf of：代表 dozens of：许多；很多 die out：灭绝；绝迹；消失 cut down：砍伐；削减 throw away：扔掉；丢弃 set up：建立；设立 take action：采取行动 pay attention to：注意 make a difference：有影响；起作用 run out of：用完；耗尽 in danger of：处于…… 的危险中 三、人与自然-环境保护主题的阅读理解解题技巧： 1.阅读前—快速浏览，明确主题 （1）浏览标题：标题往往是文章的核心概括，能快速让你了解文章大致方向，如 “Protecting the Amazon Rainforest”，就知道文章与亚马逊雨林保护有关。 （2）扫读首尾段：首段通常会引出主题或提出观点，尾段一般是总结归纳或升华主题。通过扫读，可以对文章的整体框架和主旨有初步认识。 2.阅读中—精读文本，分析细节 关键词:留意与环境保护相关的高频词和专业术语，如 “sustainable development”“biodiversity”“pollution ）control” 等，这些词能帮助你快速定位关键信息和理解文章内容。 关注逻辑关系：注意表示因果、转折、对比等逻辑关系的词，如 “because”“but”“however”“while” 等。比如 “while some measures have been taken to reduce pollution, the situation is still severe”，通过 “while” 可知前后是对比关系，强调尽管采取了措施，但情况仍不乐观。 分析长难句：对于复杂的句子，要学会分析句子结构，找出主谓宾等核心成分，理解句子的主要意思。比 如 “Environmental protection, which requires the joint efforts of every individual and organization, is crucial for the sustainable development of the earth.”，可以先找出核心 “Environmental protection is crucial”，再分析 “which” 引导的定语从句对 “Environmental protection” 进行补充说明。 3.答题时—仔细审题，精准作答 细节理解题：根据题干中的关键词，在文中找到对应的段落和句子，仔细比对信息，注意选项可能会对原文进行同义替换。例如，原文说 “Deforestation leads to soil erosion”，选项可能表述为 “Soil erosion is caused by the cutting down of trees”。 主旨大意题：结合文章的标题、首尾段以及各段的主题句来概括主旨。如果文章围绕海洋污染的现状、原因和解决措施展开，那么主旨就是关于海洋污染相关内容，选项中过于片面或偏离主题的就可排除。 推理判断题：不能仅仅根据文章表面意思作答，要根据文中的事实和线索进行合理推断。比如文中提到某种濒危动物的栖息地不断减少，可推断出该动物面临的生存压力增大，但不能过度推断，如直接说该动物马上就要灭绝了。 词义猜测题：根据上下文语境来猜测词义。如果是一个生僻的环保术语，可以通过前后文对其的解释、举例或对比等进行推测。如 “Some species are on the verge of extinction. For example, the South China Tiger is hardly seen in the wild now”，通过后面华南虎的例子可以猜出 “on the verge of extinction” 是 “濒临灭绝” 的意思。 4.检查时 —— 复查答案，确保无误 检查答案：将答案代入原文，看是否符合文章逻辑和内容。对于不确定的题目，再次回到文中查找相关信息，进行确认，确保答案准确。 检查细节：注意答题格式是否正确，比如是否按照要求填写了正确的选项字母，简答题的回答是否完整、语法是否正确等。 四、人与自然-环境保护阅读理解的考法和考点： 人与自然-环境保护阅读理解在考法上题型多样，考点覆盖词汇、语法、逻辑等多个层面，以下是具体介绍： 1、考法 细节理解题：要求考生根据文章内容，准确找到与题目相关的具体信息并作答。通常会针对文章中关于环境污染现象、环保措施、具体数据等细节进行提问。可能会以 “According to the passage, what causes water pollution?” 或 “Which of the following is a measure to protect the environment mentioned in the text?” 等形式出现。 主旨大意题：考查考生对文章整体内容和核心思想的把握。需要考生总结文章的主要内容、中心观点或最佳标题等，常见问法有 “What is the main idea of the passage?”“The best title for this passage might be...” 等。 推理判断题：这类题目要求考生根据文章所提供的信息进行合理推断，包括对作者意图、文章后续内容、隐含意义等的推测。问题可能是 “What can we infer from the passage?”“The author implies that...” 等。 词义猜测题：会选取文章中的某个单词、短语或句子，让考生根据上下文语境猜测其含义。比如 “In the passage, the underlined word 'XX' probably means...”。 观点态度题：询问考生对作者或文中人物对某个环境问题或环保措施等的观点或态度，常见的提问方式有 “What is the author's attitude towards...?”“How does the writer feel about...?” 等。 2、考点 （1）词汇理解与运用 专业词汇：重点考查与环境保护相关的专业词汇和短语，如 “ecology”“sustainable”“greenhouse effect” 等，考生需要准确理解这些词汇在语境中的含义。 熟词生义：一些常见词汇在环境保护语境中可能会有特殊含义，如 “bank” 除了 “银行”“河岸” 的意思，在 “river bank erosion” 中表示 “河岸”，需要考生根据上下文判断。 （2）语法知识 从句：经常会出现各种从句，如定语从句、状语从句等，用来对环境问题的原因、影响等进行详细描述。例如 “Pollution, which is a serious threat to our planet, is caused by various human activities.” 考生需要理解从句在句子中的作用和所表达的逻辑关系。 时态和语态：通过不同的时态和语态来表达环境问题的现状、过去的情况以及未来的趋势等，如 “Many species have become extinct in the past few decades.” 考查考生对时态和语态的理解和运用能力。 （3）逻辑关系 因果关系：文章常阐述环境问题产生的原因和带来的后果，如 “Due to deforestation, soil erosion occurs easily.” 考生要能准确把握这种因果关系，可能会在细节理解题或推理判断题中进行考查。 对比关系：可能会对比不同地区的环境状况、不同环保措施的效果等，如 “Some countries have taken effective measures to reduce pollution, while others are still facing great challenges.” 考生需要理解对比的内容和目的。 （4）语篇理解与分析 文章结构：考查考生对文章整体结构的把握，如总分总、总分、分总等结构，以及段落之间的逻辑关系。比如文章开头提出环境问题，中间分别从不同方面分析，结尾提出解决措施，考生要能理清这种结构。 写作意图：要求考生理解作者写作文章的目的，是呼吁人们保护环境、介绍某种环保技术，还是分析环境问题的严重性等，这通常会在主旨大意题或推理判断题中有所体现。 五、人与自然-环境保护阅读理解精练题： （24-25高二上·江苏常州·期末）In 1990, aged just 22, Tang Yulin realized his dream of becoming a third-generation forest ranger (护林员) in the reserve (保护区). In the initial years of his work, the reserve lacked electricity, and the rough mountain environment made patrols (巡逻) physically demanding. Rising at 3:30 am every day, Tang Yulin would prepare his meals in darkness before heading up the mountains at 4 am to observe and document the activities and habits of the golden snub-nosed monkeys before they awoke. Spending nearly 200 days and nights in the mountains each year, Tang Yulin and his colleagues often had to build living places when unable to go back the same day. Through years of observation and learning, he became an expert on the reserve’s wildlife, serving as a valuable resource for researchers working in the area. Following the development of infrastructure (基础设施) in the reserve in recent years, TangYulin’s patrols have become more manageable. The golden snub-nosed monkeys have also grown used to closer human interaction, with more than 140 research monkeys successfully relocated to lower-altitude areas near rivers, where they now boom. Today, the reserve boasts the highest density of these monkeys in the country, making it a major location for observing them in the wild. Inspired by Tang Yulin’s devotion, his nephew Tang Xiaogang joined the ranks of forest rangers in 2019, becoming a fourth-generation guardian of the lush mountains and its monkeys. “As the monkeys feast on leaves in the trees, and I snack on biscuits below, a bond of trust has formed between us. Seeing the golden snub-nosed monkeys increase here is the greatest honor for me,” Tang Yulin says, reflecting on his work. In the misty mountains, Tang Yulin and his fellow guardians are pillars (支柱) of conservation, ensuring the balance between nature and humanity for future generations. 1．What did Tang Yulin dream of becoming when he was young? A．An electrician. B．A guardian. C．A researcher. D．An expert. 2．What is one of the problems Tang Yulin faced in the past? A．Food shortage. B．Lack of company. C．The decline of Monkey number. D．Physical challenges. 3．What makes him most proud of his job according to Tang Yulin? A．Becoming an expert on the reserve’s environment. B．Serving as a significant resource for researchers. C．Witnessing the boom of the monkeys in the reserve. D．Inspiring his nephew to join the ranks of forest rangers. 4．Which word best describes Tang Yulin? A．Romantic. B．Committed. C．Shy. D．Generous. （24-25高二上·湖南益阳·期末）Climate change brings rising temperatures, increased sea levels and drought. However, its effects don’t end there — it can also change the taste of food. In Spain, black Iberian pigs, which are crucial for producing the unique Jamon Iberico ham, are facing a food crisis due to heatwaves and droughts. These extreme weather conditions nave reduced the number of acorns and grass available to the pigs, forcing them to consume different feed that changes the ham’s flavor. Drought also affects the taste of fruits. Watermelons and cantaloupes, for example, undergo significant flavor changes during drought conditions. Researchers have found that compounds like sugars accumulate in fruits during droughts, resulting in the changes of tastes, sometimes for better and sometimes for worse. Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. Warm days and cool nights help fruits develop the best flavor by increasing their sugar content and acidity (酸度). However, global warming is changing this. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier because they bloom early and grow in higher temperatures. Oysters, which do best in a mix of salt and freshwater, are losing their unique taste due to saltier environments. While the food we eat is affected by climate change, our food choices also impact the climate. Meat and dairy, especially from cows, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Raising livestock (牲畜) makes up about 14.5 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions, similar to the emissions from all vehicles combined. Producing animal protein uses more resources than plant protein. Fortunately, this vicious (恶性的) cycle can be broken. For example, The Good Food Institute, a US-based think tank, believes people will choose alternative (备选的) proteins if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. Additionally, more farmers are practicing “greener” farming, and when people buy local, in-season produce, the impact on the environment is reduced. 5．What has caused the change in the taste of Jamon Iberico ham? A．The use of other meat sources. B．The change in pig-raising methods. C．The lack of natural food for the pigs. D．The introduction of new techniques. 6．According to the text, how does drought influence the flavor of fruits? A．By enhancing their natural taste. B．By increasing their water percentage. C．By lowering their acidity to a certain level. D．By changing their taste positively or negatively. 7．What’s the main idea of paragraph 5? A．Agriculture’s role in climate change. B．Climate impact of food choices. C．Comparison of plant and animal proteins. D．Greenhouse gas emissions of raising livestock. 8．What can people do to help break the vicious cycle? A．Consume less food. B．Purchase local produce. C．Choose more animal protein. D．Advocate traditional farming methods. （24-25高二上·甘肃白银·期末）Building with 3D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry. Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment, it can speed up construction from weeks, or months, to days. Projects that use simple raw materials like soil, straw, and even salt, can be built in a fraction of the time and cost of traditional construction. Walls are built up layer by layer using an industrial 3D building printer. Construction waste is reduced as little as possible and, because the printers are mobile, they can be set up quickly where they are needed. Home design can be customized easily, giving architects more creative freedom. Companies use recycled products and eco-friendly cement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make building more sustainable. By using a range of simple, readily available or even waste materials like plastic in the mix, it then reduces the chance of materials being unavailable or too costly. Most construction uses conventional methods, but 3D printing is growing steadily. Community building takes on new meaning with the creation of a neighborhood of 10 3D printed homes in Tabasco, Mexico, aimed at tackling global homelessness. Families in the area live on less than $3 a day and New Story says its aim is to provide shelter for the more than one billion people without homes around the world. African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world’s most forward-thinking school building projects. Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D printing technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education. Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete in under a week. Beehive-inspired designs allow buildings to be easily expanded, and each school will include gardens built into the walls and solar panels on the roof for power. 9．What can replace the underlined word “fraction” in paragraph 1? A．Small part. B．New piece. C．Large amount. D．Complete waste. 10．What does the author think of 3D printed buildings compared with traditional ones? A．More classical. B．More complex. C．More expensive. D．More eco-friendly. 11．What is the purpose of the examples in the last two paragraphs? A．To show 3D printing is growing steadily. B．To show how to use 3D printing technology. C．To introduce where 3D printed buildings lie. D．To introduce more advantages of 3D printing. 12．Where can we read this text most likely? A．In a culture and art newspaper. B．On an athletic sports program. C．On a scientific research website. D．In a trade and marketing magazine. （24-25高二上·天津·期末）Gold mining has long been criticized for its environmental and economic challenges. It typically involves heavy machinery, poisonous chemicals, and vast amounts of water, all to extract (提取) minimal amounts of gold. For instance, processing a ton of ore (矿石) might produce as little as ten grams of gold. In contrast, urban mining, which recovers metals from electronic waste like printed circuit boards (PCBs), offers a significantly higher return. A ton of PCBs can produce over 150 grams of gold, along with other valuable metals like silver, copper, worth over $20, 000 per ton. Despite this, most electronic waste is not recycled properly. In 2022, the UN reported that only about 20% of the world’s 62 million tons of e-waste was formally recycled. Traditional methods for recycling PCBs, such as burning or using toxic (有毒的) chemicals, are highly polluting and energy-intensive, producing harmful emissions and toxic waste. To address these issues, scientists have turned to bioleaching (生物浸出), a cleaner and more sustainable alternative. Bioleaching uses bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (氧化亚铁硫杆菌) to produce chemicals that dissolve metals into a solution. This process, first discovered over2, 000 years ago, became commercialized in the 1950s for extracting metals from mining waste. Modern bioleaching takes place in controlled environments, whore bacteria work under ideal conditions to digest metals in just a few days. Those dissolved metals can then be recovered using methods like electroplating (电镀) . Bioscope Technologies, a company based in England, has developed an advanced bioleaching plant capable of processing 1, 000 tons of PCBs annually. The plant operates in a closed-loop (环) system where bacteria are reused, minimizing waste. Besides extracting precious metals like gold and silver, the company also recycles plastics and fiberglass from PCBs. However, they are still improving the process to better recover non-precious metals like tin and zinc. As urban mining techniques improve, it could become an even more efficient and eco-friendly solution to the growing e-waste crisis. 13．What is one major reason traditional gold mining is considered environmentally harmful? A．It destroys the ecosystems where it takes place. B．It produces little gold compared to the resources used. C．It requires expensive machinery and skilled labor. D．It leads to too much soil erosion and water pollution. 14．Based on the third paragraph, what makes modern bioleaching more effective than traditional methods? A．The bacteria are genetically engineered to target specific metals. B．The process does not rely on oxygen or heat to function. C．It works well without the need for controlled environments. D．It requires less time and works efficiently under controlled conditions. 15．What is one unique feature of Bioscope Technologies’ bioleaching system? A．It is capable of fully recycling all components of PCBs. B．It uses bacteria that are specifically bred for higher efficiency. C．It reuses bacteria in a circular system to reduce waste. D．It focuses merely on recovering precious metals like gold and silver. 16．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare traditional gold mining with urban mining in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. B．To highlight the economic and environmental challenges of gold mining and electronic waste management. C．To introduce bioleaching as an innovative and sustainable solution for electronic waste recycling. D．To advocate for banning all forms of gold mining and electronic waste production. （24-25高二上·山东·期中）As cities continue to grow, the need for efficient and sustainable food production has never been greater. UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into vibrant green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents. Rooftop Green is designed to be adaptable, serving small households as well as large commercial buildings. By developing otherwise unused rooftop space, it provides a practical solution to the problem of urban food deserts. The system is remarkably easy to maintain and promises a constant supply of organic vegetables and herbs. The technology behind Rooftop Green includes smart sensors and an automatic watering system. The latter optimizes plant growth with minimal water use. Connected to a mobile app, the sensors gives users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times. The app ensures that even green-hand gardeners can successfully cultivate their crops with confidence. By creating green oases (绿洲) in urban areas, Rooftop Green not only cuts the carbon footprint associated with food transport but also enhances urban biodiversity. Furthermore, it reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, making it an environmentally friendly option for conscientious citizens. UrbanSprout employees incorporate the company’s eco-friendly values in their daily routines. They actively participate in community gardening and conservation projects, promoting sustainability within and beyond the workplace. “Our goal is to cultivate a culture that values green living,” explained an UrbanSprout representative. Rooftop Green is more than an agricultural innovation. It is part of a broader movement towards sustainable urban living. For those looking to make a positive environmental impact, it offers an accessible and impactful way to engage with sustainability. 17．What is the main purpose of Rooftop Green? A．To generate profits through commercial farming. B．To provide fresh produce by rooftop gardening. C．To conduct scientific research on plant growth. D．To provide decorations for urban buildings. 18．What’s the function of smart sensors? A．Decreasing the need for watering. B．Speeding up the growth of plants. C．Observing the gardening process. D．Building confidence of beginners. 19．What does Rooftop Green suggest? A．The change of workplace culture. B．A green and long-lasting city life. C．The total reliance on technologies. D．A trend towards independent living. 20．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Role of Technology in Urban Gardening B．Enhancing Urban Biodiversity with Sensors C．Rooftop Solutions for Urban Food Deserts D．Innovations in Agricultural Technology （24-25高二上·河北保定·期末）Of the 8,300 million tons of new plastic produced up to the end of 2015, 6,300 million tons have been thrown away. Most of that plastic waste is still with us, buried in landfills or polluting the environment. Micro plastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice, in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches (海沟) and in drinking water around the world. But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives? For the sake of the planet, it would be an attractive prospect — but we’d quickly find out just how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence. In hospitals, the loss of plastic would be devastating. “Imagine trying to run a dialysis (透析) unit with no plastic,” says Sharon George, senior lecturer in environmental sustainability and green technology at Keele University in the UK. Plastic is used in gloves, tubing, blood bags, sample tubes and more. Some everyday plastic items are also vital for protecting health. Face masks — including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators (人工呼吸器) — have helped slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. “A mask that you have for COVID is related to our safety and the safety of others,” says George. “The impact of taking that away could be loss of life if you took it away on a big scale.” Our food system would also quickly come apart. We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves. “I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system,” says Eleni Iacovidou, a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London. Replacing plastic packaging would set off a chain reaction in the environment. While glass has some advantages over plastic, such as being endlessly recyclable, a one-liter glass bottle can weigh as much as 800g compared to a 40g plastic one. When those heavier bottles and jars need to be transported over long distances, carbon emissions grow even more. It’s clear that replacing one material with another won’t solve all our plastic problems. 21．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give a definition. B．To report on a study. C．To introduce an argument. D．To describe a phenomenon. 22．What does the underlined word “devastating” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Interesting. B．Practical. C．Predictable. D．Destructive. 23．What is Eleni Iacovidou’s attitude toward removing plastic totally in food system? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Optimistic. D．Uninterested. 24．Which would be the best title for the text? A．What if we stopped using plastic? B．Is plastic packaging bad for the environment? C．More recycling won’t solve plastic pollution D．Swapping out plastic for sustainable living （24-25高二上·山东威海·期中） A new form of house is popping up along the beaches of South Africa -tiny white beach nests (巢). They are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖). African penguins grow strong in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean. But when they come to land, their thick black coat absorbs the heat, and they desperately look for cover — both for themselves and their eggs. Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (海鸟粪层), but in the 1800s, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to hunters and the burning sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg hunting, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to decline sharply. That’s why conservationists have come to the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Project (APNP), which aims to build artificial nests to give penguin parents a safe and shaded place to raise their babies. Although guano 0trade gradually disappeared, recreating the layers isn’t easy. Seabird populations have declined so much over time, so there are simply not enough birds to recreate it, says Kevin Graham, director of the project. Instead, the project decided to build artificial nests. The design took years to develop, as Graham and other scientists closely studied old guano nests and worked out how best to copy “Mother Nature”. Getting the right temperature and humidity, the nests create an air conditioning effect. “The project started to build the nests in 2018 and the nests have usage rates of at least 99%,” he explains. Graham agrees that population recovery depends on more than just giving African penguins a safe place to breed. It’s not simply a case of “we give them a nest, the species is saved,” he says. “It’s a big part of it, but there has to be more.” 25．What can we learn about earlier penguins? A．Their eggs were often eaten by seabirds. B．They were traded in markets in the 1800s. C．Their waste was used as excellent fertilizer. D．They used guano layers to house themselves. 26．Why was the APNP started? A．To fight against egg hunting B．To offer penguins a shelter to live and breed. C．To call on people to rescue injured penguins. D．To build artificial nests to save endangered seabirds. 27．Why is it difficult to have natural nests for penguins? A．There isn’t enough guano. B．The land space is too limited. C．The temperature is too low. D．There are too many penguins. 28．What is the purpose of the text? A．To call for the protection of penguins. B．To introduce a new nest for African penguins. C．To promote the African Penguin Nest Project. D．To compare penguins’ natural and artificial nests. （24-25高二上·山东德州·期中）Today, trees face a serious threat from human activity. Over the past 300 years, 1.5 billion hectares of forest have been lost, resulting in the loss of biodiversity, desertification, and increased flood risks. Deforestation is also linked to a higher likelihood of disease outbreaks due to increased contact between humans and animals. In his book Treewilding, ecologist Jake Robinson explores how to best protect and restore forests. He argues that merely planting trees is not enough to fight deforestation. Tree-planting projects have increased dramatically in recent decades. Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases. Robinson advocates for a more informed approach to forest restoration. Regulators must understand the complex connections between trees, people, animals, and even microorganisms. For instance, native people often rely on forests for farming and raising livestock. Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly. Robinson highlights several forest restoration projects. The Great Green Wall project aims to grow a line of trees across the Sahara Desert to prevent desert expansion and improve local livelihoods. Another project, Western Australia’s Gondwana Link, seeks to reconnect broken forest areas to protect endangered species. These projects emphasize the importance of understanding local ecosystems and investing in the long-term care of young trees. Robinson concludes that natural regeneration — allowing forests to heal themselves — is one of the best methods of restoration. He compares it to a phoenix (凤凰) rising from its ashes, pointing out that a forest can regenerate from its own leftovers. His descriptions and thought-provoking questions add depth to his narrative. He explores how to understand the environment’s fundamental state and examines how animals contribute to forest regeneration. His balanced perspective encourages researchers to develop more effective methods for forest restoration. 29．What does Robinson argue in his book Treewilding? A．Planting trees can pose risks to ecosystems. B．Deforestation has led to a complete biodiversity loss. C．Forests can only be restored via human intervention. D．Planting more trees is the best way to fight deforestation. 30．What does monoculture refer to based on the text? A．A natural process of forest growth. B．A method for restoring ecosystems. C．A practice that enhances forest health. D．A phenomenon harmful to biodiversity. 31．Why does Robinson emphasize the role of communities in tree-planting projects? A．To ensure the projects are cost-effective. B．To make tree-planting projects more digital. C．To protect communities from unjust displacement. D．To encourage modern technology in restoration efforts. 32．Which is the best approach for forest restoration according to Robinson? A．Planting diverse species of trees. B．Encouraging natural regeneration. C．Promoting extensive artificial planting. D．Helping animals tackle forest’s leftovers. （24-25高二上·贵州贵阳·期中）Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho. It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane (薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles (水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention. The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho and they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on. Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future. 33．How is most plastic dealt with in America? A．It’s sold. B．It’s recycled. C．It’s buried. D．It’s wasted. 34．Why did the team invent Ooho? A．To protect the environment. B．To make a profit for a company. C．To make people eat as they drink. D．To reduce the cost of plastic bottles. 35．What can we know from Paragraph 3? A．It took the team two years to completely invent Ooho. B．Ooho might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles. C．The team applied for a patent before the invention began. D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology. 36．What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph? A．Ooho is to be a success in the future. B．Ooho is being supported by smart people. C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now. D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors. （24-25高二上·甘肃白银·期中）Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United states alone are considered in danger. Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more. Animals are more than beautiful or interesting or a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by mice. Why? Because hawks eat mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the mice multiplied quickly. Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. 37．Animals are important to us mainly because________ A．they give us a source of food. B．they are beautiful and lovely. C．they give us a lot of pleasure. D．they keep the balance of nature. 38．What is the meaning of the underlined word “multiplied” in the passage? A．became less. B．became more. C．turned black. D．ate food: 39．We can infer from the passage that ________ A．people have known the importance of animal protection since a long time ago. B．the number of hawks is on the decrease. C．animals play an important role in people’s life. D．many countries passed laws forbidding the killing of any animal. 40．What is the best title for the passage? A．Animals in Danger. B．Useful Animals. C．Laws for Animals. D．Save the Animals. （24-25高二上·广西·期中）It is no secret that the Romans were heavy wine drinkers and vine (葡萄藤) growing dominated much of the agricultural landscape. A very common technique for growing grape vines in Roman times was to attach them to rows of trees in fields that were also used for food plants and vegetables in a system called arbustum. Farmers would grow several crops together on the low-lying and flat lands in order to survive. These lands were often close to rivers and coasts, attractive areas for settlement and agriculture, which contrasted sharply with the typical landscape of hillsides covered by rows of tightly spaced vines in modern vineyards. For modern winemakers, growing vines in wet soil and air is unthinkable. It presents a huge risk of fungal (真菌的) diseases that could weaken and kill the vines. Nevertheless, the Romans made it work. The main tree species used in the arbustum system included populars, elms, alders, willows, maples, and ashes, which grew well in wet environments. These trees needed lots of water to sustain their rapid growth and absorbed extra water from the soil, acting as a water pump and contributing to the natural drainage (排水) of an area. Their roots meant vines could stay healthy and perform well in such environments for centuries on end. By training vines to climb high—up to 15 or even 20 meters—the damage done by rising soil wetness was further reduced, while the heating impact of the sun was increased. The arbustum system had some additional boons. The trees influenced the microclimate of the vineyard by lessening winter frosts, protecting against strong winds, and reducing unwanted seed distribution. Most importantly, the shade provided by trees seemed to delay the ripening of grapes by weeks without problematically decreasing production. This is a blessing for winemakers who are increasingly faced with grapes that mature too quickly, have too many sugars, and give lower quality wine with too much alcohol as a result of higher annual temperatures. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has stressed the need for expanding agroforestry (农林业) and spreading its numerous environmental and socioeconomic advantages, especially in helping millions of farmers survive in an increasingly warming climate. 41．What was the main feature of the ancient vines in Roman times? A．They were mixed with other crops. B．They relied heavily on water resources. C．They were tightly spaced in a hilly area. D．They grew on hillsides with abundant sun exposure. 42．How did the Romans manage to grow vines in wet soil? A．By planting the roots deeper. B．By setting up drainage channels. C．By introducing special tree species. D．By applying chemical treatments to the soil. 43．What does the underlined word “boons” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Requirements. B．Benefits. C．Expenses. D．Workloads. 44．What may the ancient Roman vine planting bring us? A．Suggestions for exploring ancient farming. B．Methods for increasing incomes of farmers. C．Insights into fully using limited land resources. D．Clues for adapting agriculture to a warming planet. （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中）Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. In fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever-more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives. When a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan (口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception. And what about today’s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told—why else would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analyzing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non-governmental organizations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place. So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And there lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer. 45．What can we learn about greenwashing? A．It is an ecological concept. B．It is a marketing technique. C．It is an awareness campaign. D．It is an advertising innovation. 46．What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Hide the truth. B．Raise the risk. C．Expose the weakness. D．Break the limit. 47．What can be inferred about most consumers? A．They are lacking in legal knowledge. B．They have encouraged greenwashing. C．They may question consumer groups. D．They tend to make sensible decisions. 48．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Actions to fight false advertising. B．Ways to protect customers’ interest. C．Attempts to solve environmental problems. D．Proposals to ensure sustainable development. （24-25高二上·福建泉州·期中）Assume that you go to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right? For residents of Andernach, a German city, it’s not just a Utopian dream — it’s their reality. In 2010, Andernach began its “edible (可食用的) city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties. The town’s motto is, “Picking is encouraged — help yourself!” It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about planting, cultivating (耕作) and harvesting food. “I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!” said a local historian. Andernach may be the first, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project connecting green urban food initiatives (倡议) around the world. Other edible cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and Šempeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr. Ina Saumel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and professionals of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”. Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope. 49．How does the author lead in the topic? A．By making an assumption. B．By giving an example. C．By quoting a saying. D．By making a comparison. 50．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Every citizen can get the fruits they like at any time. B．The project encourages all the citizens’ engagement. C．It’s the government’s duty to maintain the gardens. D．Local people needn’t worry about managing the gardens. 51．What is the purpose of holding Edible Cities Networks Conference, according to Dr. Saumel? A．To bring together experts to exchange ideas. B．To arouse people’s awareness of green food. C．To connect Andernach with the other edible cities. D．To attract more countries to take part in the project. 52．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Edible Cities Network: Easy Access to Food Security. B．Edible Cities Network: An End to Climate Change. C．Edible Cities: A Project For Garden Planting. D．Edible Cities: From Dream to Reality. （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中）Harvard University scientists have developed a durable and economical material that are biodegradable, drawing inspiration from insects’ hard outer shells. The inventors of this material suggest it has diverse potential applications and could potentially serve as a greener alternative to plastics in the future. The material, composed of shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk”. It boasts characteristics such as being lightweight, thin, clear, and tough as nails. One of the key advantages of this material is that it breaks down naturally over time. Back in the1950s and 1960s, the toughness and flexibility of plastic were a game-changer in the field of materials science. But fast-forward a few decades, it is the very toughness and flexibility of plastic that is raising questions about how appropriate it is for single-use items like shopping bags, or short-term household products, used in the home for a few years before they end up in a dump where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years? The shrilk’s creators are optimistic about its vast potential. The materials used to manufacture shrilk are readily available in nature. They can be found in a wide range of sources including shrimp shells, insect bodies, and living plants. This availability makes the cost of shrilk low and its mass production possible, especially for products that require a significant amount of material. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They’re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other household products. They’re even exploring, combining it with other materials like carbon fibers, to give it new properties. 53．Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk’s ________. A．remarkable design B．interesting name C．major features D．basic elements 54．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “degrade” in Paragraph 2? A．Protect. B．Build up. C．Break down. D．Destroy. 55．According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because ________. A．it can help plastic degrade B．it can be found in living things C．its mass production has been realized D．its raw materials are plentiful in nature 56．Which of the following would be the most suitable title for this text? A．A Possible Alternative Plastic B．The Harm of One-time Products C．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research D．Recent Progress in Environment Protection 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$