Unit 2 Period 3 Grammar and usage-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 3　Grammar and usage—To-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result 请认真阅读下列句子，感悟体会句中的动词不定式 1．I was staying in Atlanta，and that was one of the cities to be hit. 2．The kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. 3．The roads were blocked，so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. 4．I had a difficult problem to deal with. 5．That morning，I turned on the TV for some local news，only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. 6．I want to have a chance to further my study abroad. 自主发现 1．句1、3、4、6中动词不定式作定语。用来修饰表抽象意义的名词的是句6；不定式表将来的是句1、4；用来修饰不定代词的是句3。 2．句2、5中动词不定式作结果状语。句5表示意想不到的结果，动词不定式常和only连用。 一、动词不定式作定语 (一)动词不定式与所修饰词之间的关系 动词不定式与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系常见的有三种：主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。 1．所修饰词与不定式是主谓关系(被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语) His father is the right person to find the missing boy. 他父亲就是寻找那个失踪男孩的合适人选。 2．所修饰词与不定式是动宾关系(被修饰词是不定式的逻辑宾语) Attention，please.I have something important to say. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 3．所修饰词与不定式是同位语关系。(不定式与所修饰的词是同一事物) She expressed a wish to make a change. 她表达了希望做出改变的愿望。 (二)常用不定式作定语的情况 1．当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 She is hard-working and is always the first one to come every day. 她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来。 He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一了解真相的人。 2．不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，anxiety，reply，attempt，wish，plan 等。 He has a wish to travel around the whole country. 他有一个周游全国的愿望。 3．当被修饰的词为something，nothing，anything 等不定代词时，常用不定式作定语。 Every day he makes one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. 他每天让一个小动物给他带来一些吃的东西。 注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就要加上与其搭配的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家人有一所舒适的房子住。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构： 1．so＋形容词/副词＋as to do如此……以至于…… He studied so hard as to pass the last exam. 他如此努力学习以至于通过了最后一次考试。 2．such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do如此……以至于…… He is not such a silly man as to do that. 他还没有蠢到做那种事。 3．enough to do...足够…… The boy was experienced enough to deal with such a person. 对付那样一个人，那个男孩很有经验。 He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach. 他走得很快，赶上了他的教练。 4．too＋形容词/副词＋to do太……而不能…… The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box. 这个老妇人太虚弱了而搬不动这个沉重的箱子。 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. 加利福尼亚号到得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。 注意： (1)不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。 He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 (2)现在分词短语也可以作结果状语，表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果。 His parents died early，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母早亡，因此他成了孤儿。 用本单元的语法完成下面短文 This summer holiday,1.I was old enough to find(我年龄足够大可以找到) a part-time job in a company.But 2.I had an interview to attend(我要参加一个面试)．With a lot of things to prepare，I was very nervous.The next day，I arrived there early,3.only to be told(结果被告知) that I was 4.the first one to come(第一个来的人)．I was nervous again，and then I found 5.a way to solve the problem(一个解决问题的方法)．Finally 6.I got the opportunity to work in the company(我获得了在公司里工作的机会)． Ⅰ.用不定式改写下面的句子 1．He is so young that he can’t tell right from wrong. →He is too young to tell right from wrong. 2．I’d like to see Tom，for I want to tell him something urgent. →I’d like to see Tom，for I have something urgent to tell him. 3．You are the only person in our class who is admitted into Peking University. →You are the only person in our class to be admitted into Peking University. 4．You are so intelligent that you can solve the problem all by yourself. →You are intelligent enough to solve the problem all by yourself. 5．A new school will be built there and it is for the poor children. →A new school to be built there is for the poor children. 6．She is the first blind student that will study in this university. →She is the first blind student to study in this university. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didn’t fit. 2．The building to be built(build) next year is our new teaching building. 3．Amy was the only person to remember(remember) my birthday. 4．It hasn’t rained for a month，making(make) the crops hard to grow. 5．Your ability to analyse(analyse) problems really surprised us. 6．Thousands of words are not enough to express(express) how grateful we are to you. 7．He was too excited to speak(speak) when he heard the news. 8．His son left home on a cold morning，never to be heard(hear) from again. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一一个知道真相的人。 2．The question/problem to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. 明天会议上要讨论的问题非常重要。 3．The child is old enough to take care of himself. 这孩子已经足够大，可以照顾自己了。 4．We have made a plan to travel abroad this summer vacation. 我们制定了一个今年暑假出国旅行的计划。 5．I am looking for a comfortable room to live in. 我正在找一个住得舒服的房间。 Ⅳ.阅读理解 Can you survive an unannounced storm? Although there is expert broadcasting and we are equipped with cellphones，there are still some examples when the violent weather takes us by surprise. While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning，sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time，endangering everyone and everything in their path. There have been oil workers trapped off the coast when sudden storms appeared.Field archaeologists have been stuck in seaside areas without storm warnings.A few decades ago，a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out a major hurricane during a training exercise.There’ve been a few cases where travelers were trapped on an island or in a seaside area and unable to escape in time. Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for most of us—but not for all.Each year thousands of islanders across the Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without a public shelter to hide in.Most ride out the storm in their homes. But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies.Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense.If you’re headed outdoors for a few days or weeks，you should always carry a flashlight(手电筒) with extra batteries，a GPS device(装置)，and a basic medical box.If you’re traveling in your car，remember you may suffer from high winds.You’d better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your car.Keeping your head and your courage up is crucial to survival in any type of danger.Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是飓风给人们带来的危害，同时给读者提供了一些应对突发情况的建议。 1．What can we know about most Atlantic hurricanes from the text? A．They form in the Caribbean Sea. B．They come from Gulf of Mexico. C．They are from the Pacific Ocean. D．They develop off the coast of Africa. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning...”可知，大部分的大西洋飓风是在非洲沿岸形成的。故选D。 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The bad situations of oil workers. B．People trapped by sudden storms. C．The danger of traveling on an island. D．The Texas National Guard group. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中提到的“oil workers”“Field archeologists”“a Texas National Guard group”和“travelers”被飓风所困可知，本段主要讲述的是被突如其来的飓风所困的人。故选B。 3．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give some advice. B．To encourage traveling. C．To underline the danger of hurricanes. D．To give some warnings. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies.”以及下文提供的建议可知，本段的目的是给出一些应对预料之外的紧急情况的建议。故选A。 4．In which part of a website would you most probably find the text? A．Food. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture. 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。根据首段并结合下文中介绍的飓风给人们带来的危害，同时给读者提供了一些应对突发情况的建议可知，本文最有可能出现在网站的“生命”部分。故选C。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (2023·江苏苏州高一联考) When Lisa was struggling with what to gift her son for his 10th birthday，she was beaten.Her little boy Jorge has a 1 ，who，born with corticol dysplasia，is unable to speak and his brain 2 as an 18 months old. Lisa had noticed that during the drive to school each weekday morning.Jorge almost jumped out of his seat 3 every time they passed a big truck.This gave her the idea to put a post on the local Facebook Sell It page， 4 a person with a truck to visit their home for an hour and 5 take Jorge for a ride.Within minutes，Melissa，whose husband Tom drives a big truck， 6 to be online and contacted Lisa，Jorge’s birthday 7 had been organized. But the story doesn’t 8 there.The offers of trucks and time kept pouring in.Within 5 days，a convoy(车队)of 214 trucks had been organized，with 9 coming from across the country.Channel 9 Australia was contacted and they too made arrangements to be 10 on the day. Saturday the 15th December 11 bright and sunny.The community also 12 a total of $1,700 toward Jorge’s ongoing 13 costs and 14 the birthday presents was the donation of a tablet PC from the local Telstra shop.Lisa is excited that this can be used to aid Jorge with his 15 . 1．A.toy B．disability C．situation D．habit 答案　B 解析　toy玩具；disability残疾；situation情况；habit习惯。根据空格后的内容可判断出，Jorge生来生理上就有缺陷。故选B。 2．A.treats B．considers C．functions D．describes 答案　C 解析　treat对待；consider考虑；function运行，活动；describe描述。根据病症的描述来看，Jorge不能讲话，这里应该指他大脑的机能和18个月大的孩子一样。故选C。 3．A.casually B．calmly C．excitedly D．violently 答案　C 解析　casually随意地；calmly冷静地；excitedly兴奋地；violently激烈地。根据空前“jumped out of his seat”可知，Jorge每次看到有大卡车经过时都很兴奋。故选C。 4．A.asking for B．depending on C．sending for D．bringing up 答案　A 解析　ask for索要，请求；depend on依赖；send for派人去叫；bring up养育。这里指Lisa为了让儿子开心，通过社交媒体在网上求助。故选A。 5．A.frequently B．gradually C．deliberately D．possibly 答案　D 解析　frequently频繁地；gradually逐渐；deliberately故意地；possibly可能地。根据语境可知，Lisa希望如果有可能的话，卡车司机可以来拜访他们家并载Jorge一程。故选D。 6．A.hesitated B．happened C．intended D．pretended 答案　B 解析　hesitate犹豫；happen发生；intend想要；pretend假装。这里指帖子刚发布，Melissa就碰巧在线并联系了Lisa。happen to意为“碰巧”。故选B。 7．A.surprise B．invitations C．evening D．wishes 答案　A 解析　surprise惊喜；invitation邀请；evening傍晚；wish愿望。根据前文提到的Jorge十岁生日将近和下文内容，这正是母亲Lisa为儿子生日准备的惊喜。故选A。 8．A.end B．begin C．turn D．mean 答案　A 解析　end结束；begin开始；turn转(向)；mean意味着。从下文内容来看，这个故事没有到这里就结束。故选A。 9．A.doctors B．drivers C．clerks D．patients 答案　B 解析　doctor医生；driver司机；clerk职员；patient患者。214辆卡车被组织到一起，此处指司机是来自全国各地的。故选B。 10．A.off B．out C．away D．there 答案　D 解析　off离开；out出去；away远离；there在那里。这里指联系到了电视台，他们也会安排人到现场(报道)。故选D。 11．A.showed B．wiped C．dawned D．differed 答案　C 解析　show展示；wipe擦掉；dawn破晓，出现；differ变化。根据空后的表语“bright and sunny”可判断出，空处需要系动词。这里用dawn指“黎明变得……”，符合语境。故选C。 12．A.raised B．earned C．wasted D．spent 答案　A 解析　raise提高，筹集；earn挣(钱)；waste浪费；spend花费。根据下文“a total of $1,700”可知，社区为Jorge筹集善款，以帮助他支付医疗费用。故选A。 13．A.general B．medical C．living D．travelling 答案　B 解析　general一般的；medical医学的；living存活的；travelling旅行的。先天罹患脑部发育不良的Jorge，最需要医疗救治，因此善款是用来支付医疗费用的。故选B。 14．A.between B．at C．among D．against 答案　C 解析　between在(两者)之间；at在；among在(三者及以上)之间；against反对，紧靠。这里要用among表示电脑是许多礼物之中的一个。故选C。 15．A.decision B．relationship C．drive D．communication 答案　D 解析　decision决定；relationship关系；drive驾驶；communication交流。Jorge的一个明显缺陷是不能讲话，这里this指代前句提到的tablet PC，Lisa之所以高兴，应当是电脑正好可以帮助Jorge进行交流。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 The number of international students 1. search of higher education in China has been increasing in the past ten years.Many foreign students choose Wuhan University in Hubei Province to live up to their expectations.For the exposure to 2. (it) academic and social environment brings them long-lasting benefits. Goh Qian Xuan from Singapore 3. (select) to be president of the Wuhan University Singaporean Student Association and the Chinese Language and Literature Student Union during her four years of studying in Wuhan,4. gave her the chance to work 5.__________ (close) with students from other countries.“I didn’t come to Wuhan just 6._________ (get) good grades，” Goh says.“Being part of the local student communities and seeing 7. things are done have really helped me to better understand Chinese people and China.” Students can participate in various activities in the university.Goh says she felt 8.__________ (little) like a foreign student only after a year in the student union.“The environment is truly good for Chinese studies，” she says.“The four 9. (amaze) years I spent in Wuhan has helped to build a strong foundation for my life and career.This experience has proved many of my former ideas wrong as I now understand the main reasons behind the Chinese ways to deal with certain 10. (matter)．” 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章结合真人真事讲述了在过去的十年里到中国留学的国际学生不断增加的趋势及留学生的切身感受。 1．答案　in 解析　考查固定短语。in search of寻求。 2．答案　its 解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语修饰environment，故填形容词性物主代词its。its academic and social environment意为“它的学术和社会环境”。 3．答案　was selected 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。select意为“选择”，和主语Goh Qian Xuan 是被动关系，根据第三段第四句可知，Goh Qian Xuan现在已经离开武汉大学，故当选武汉大学新加坡学生联合会及汉语言文学学生会主席职务的动作未延续到现在，应该用一般过去时，主语是一个人，谓语动词用单数。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句的内容，且从句中缺少主语，故用which。 5．答案　closely 解析　考查词性转换。修饰动词 work，应用副词，closely意为“密切地”。 6．答案　to get 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，get在句中作非谓语动词，且表目的，应用不定式。故填to get。 7．答案　how 解析　考查宾语从句。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示如何，故填how。 8．答案　less 解析　考查副词的比较级。less 是 little 的比较级，此处意为“不那么……”。 9．答案　amazing 解析　考查词性转换。amazing意为“令人惊奇的，令人惊喜的”，修饰名词years。 10．答案　matters 解析　考查名词的单复数。matter意为“事情”时是可数名词，空前无冠词，故应用复数形式。certain matters意为“某些事情”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$