Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件聚焦“动词不定式作定语和结果状语”语法点及“shock”“scare”等核心词汇，通过教材示例分析引导学生探究用法，再以“意义-结构”框架精讲语法，以“语境串记+分层练习”巩固词汇，搭建从具体到抽象的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语法与词汇教学，通过“探究发现-典型结构分析”培养思维品质，“语境串记+微写作”提升语言能力，课时精练中“语法与写作”整合练习助力学习能力发展。教师可高效开展语法词汇教学，学生能在真实语境中提升语言运用能力。

Unit 2　Natural disasters Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 内容索引 语法探究 1 课时精练 3 知识拾遗 2 语法探究 返回 新知导学 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 教材示例 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征。 1．I went to the annual earthquake workshop to learn some safety tips. 2．The authorities told the local people to stay inside when the typhoon arrived. 3．They arrived at the airport only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. 4．Before we returned home，the flood damage needed to be repaired. 5．This was the last city to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted. 探究发现 1．句1中动词不定式作_________。 2．句2中动词不定式作___________。 3．句3中动词不定式作_________。 4．句4中动词不定式作______。 5．句5中动词不定式作______。 目的状语 宾语补足语 结果状语 宾语 定语 语法精讲 动词不定式作定语表示未做的事情。动词不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果和原因。 一、动词不定式作定语 1．意义与用法 (1)动词不定式表将来或者尚未发生的动作状态。 The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 明天要召开的会议非常重要。 (2)动词不定式动作和被修饰的名词构成主动关系、被动关系、同位关系等。 I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到办公室的人。(主动关系) There are lots of interesting things to see there. 那里有很多有趣的东西可看。(被动关系) Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.鸟的鸣叫有时候是警告其他鸟不要靠近。(同位关系) 2．典型结构 (1)在主动关系中，动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词前面常有only，first，last，best，序数词、形容词最高级等修饰。 He was considered to be the best man to do this job.他被认为是做这项工作最适合的人。 The last one to arrive must pay the bill. 最后到的人必须付账。 (2)在动宾关系中，如果动词不定式动词是不及物动词，则要有相应的介词。 Give me a pen to write with.给我一只钢笔写字用。 You might think with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit. 澳大利亚有这么多的危险动物，你也许会认为在这里居住或旅游很不安全。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 1．意义与用法 动词不定式在句子中作结果状语，往往表示“出乎意料的、非本意的结果”。 He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆忙赶到了车站结果却发现火车已经开走了。 Will you be so kind as to open the window？ 劳驾您打开窗户好吗？ 2．典型结构 常用于表示结果状语的词语有：so... as to，enough to，only，too... to等。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 We found the room too small to hold so many people.我们发现这个房间太小容不下那么多人。 体系构建 返回 知识拾遗 返回 shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊 (教材原句)As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock.你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。 (1)be a shock to...　　 使……震惊 (2)shocked adj. 感到震惊的 be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 佳句背诵　We were all shocked at the news of his leaving school. 听到他退学的消息，我们都感到震惊。 核心词汇精研 1 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I was ________(shock)to hear the news that he had been fired. ②The ending of this play is very ________(shock). ③His situation was a great shock ____ us all. ④________(shock)at the news，the man couldn’t say a word. 能力提升——一句多译 前两天可把我吓坏了。 ⑤I _________________ the other day. ⑥I _________________ the other day. shocked shocking to Shocked got a terrible shock was greatly shocked 语境串记 It is a shock to me that the man should be shocked when he saw the science fiction film which wasn’t shocking at all. 这个人看了那部根本平淡无奇的科幻电影时居然如此震惊，这让我惊讶不已。 scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓 (教材原句)The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me，but I was quite frightened during the power failure.大风和大雨并没有把我吓倒，但是停电期间把我吓坏了。 2 (1) scare... away/off　　　 把……吓跑 scare sb. into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事 (2)scared adj. 害怕的 be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事 be scared to death　　　 吓得要死 be scared of doing sth. 害怕做某事 (3)scaring adj. 令人害怕的 scary adj. 令人害怕的 佳句背诵　Rock climbing is a fun thing but I was scared of it from the start. 攀岩运动很有趣，但是开始时我是很害怕的。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Local businessmen ___________ (scare) into paying protection money in the past. ②Swimming in a river may be dangerous and I was scared to ______(die)from the start. ③The ________(scare)look on her face suggested that there must be something frightening. 能力提升——微写作 ④这个故事很恐怖，孩子们听了很害怕。 It was ____________ and children ____________ after they heard it. were scared death scared a scary story were scared run out of 用完，耗尽 (教材原句)　Were you afraid of running out of supplies？你是不是担心供应品用光了？ run out /give out　 (某物)用完/耗尽(不能用于被动语态) run after 追捕；跟踪；追求 run across 跑着穿过；偶然碰见 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到困难 3 佳句背诵　The trapped workers are running out of time. 对于被困的工人们来说，时间快用完了。 名师点津 run out，run out of两者都表示“用完”，前者为不及物动词短语，其主语是物，不能用于被动语态；后者是及物动词短语，主语是人，可以用于被动语态。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①If you run _____ someone，you must say “sorry”. ②I ran _______ an old photo in the drawer the other day. ③We ran out ____ the coal，and we had to burn wood. 能力提升——微写作 ④我的汽油快用完了，我得趁还没用完找到一个加油站。 I ________________ petrol.I must find a gas station before it _________ . into across of am running out of runs out supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备vt.供应，供给，提供 (1) in short supply　　　　 供应不足，短缺 supply and demand 供求 (2) supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物 supply sth. to sb. 将某物供应给某人 佳句背诵　Food supplies in the flood-­stricken area are running out. 受灾地区的食品供应就要用完了。 4 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①As there was little rain，water was ___ short supply in this mountain village. ②We can supply you _____ food and drink. ③When they got there，they found the people suffering the storm were in need of food and water ________ (supply). 能力提升——微写作 ④这些汽车要供应给全国各地的人们。 The cars will _____________ people all over the country. in with supplies be supplied to 语境串记 When food and drinking water were in short supply，they volunteered to provide necessary supplies to the affected areas.Moved by their actions，we supplied the area with some necessities of life.食品和水供应短缺时，他们自愿给受影响地区提供必要物资。受其影响，我们也给该地区提供了一些生活必需品。 donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血) (教材原句)Yes. Luckily，many people came to help，donating food and clothes to charities. 是的。幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，给慈善机构捐赠食物和衣服。 (1)donate sth. to...　　　　 向……捐赠某物 (2)donation n. 捐赠，捐献 make a donation to... 向……捐赠 (3)donator n. 捐赠者 佳句背诵　The books were donated by a local publishing company to the children in need.这些书是由一个当地的出版公司捐赠给贫穷儿童的。 5 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①_________(donation)began flooding in from hundreds of people. ②The old man donated a lot of money ____ the local school. ③Without ________(donate)blood，most of illnesses would have probably been cureless. 能力提升——微写作 ④一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。 _____________________________________ to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention. Donations to donated A great deal/amount of money was donated curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的 (教材原句)　She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她很好奇，想看看外面有多少水。 (1)be/become curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 急于做某事，想做某事 It is curious that... ……很奇怪 (2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 6 佳句背诵　In high school，I became curious about the computer and built my first website. 上高中时，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了自己的第一个网站。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Looking up，I saw their eyes fixed on me with ________(curious). ②__________(curious)enough，a year later exactly the same thing happened again. ③Children tend to be curious ______ things they see. 能力提升——微写作 ④奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。 ________________ he didn’t pass the exam. curiosity Curiously about It’s curious that 语境串记 The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity. 这个好奇的孩子充满好奇地看着这个盒子，然后忍不住打开了。 随堂演练 维度一　单词拼写 1．The _____ (全体职工)in this shop are very helpful. 2．Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for ________ (慈善). 3．Women are _______(惊吓)to use the buses at night. 4．A ______(基金) will be set up for the dead men’s families. 5．People were swimming in the ocean despite the _________(飓风) warning. staff charity scared fund hurricane 维度二　单句语法填空 1．My progress in reading raised my ________(curious)，and I wanted to know everything. 2．Hearing the ________(shock) news，everyone present was thrown into a panic. 3．You can of course help by giving them a ________(donate)directly. 4．You’re a ________(power)man—people will listen to you. 5．Fears that the world was about to run out ____ fuel proved groundless. curiosity shocking donation powerful of 返回 维度三　完成句子 1．每周救济资金还未到钱便花光的情况许多家庭都容易出现。 ___________________________________ before the weekly relief fund arrives. 2．食品在全国各地都供应不足。 ___________________ all over the country. It is easy for families to run out of money Food is in short supply 课时精练 返回 维度一　单句语法填空 1．He is always the first person ________(come) and the last one to leave. 2．The teacher left us a lot of problems ________ (solve). 3．He wanted to find a new house to live ____ . 4．He broke his promise ________ (write) to his parents regularly. 5．We students should have the courage _______ (face)any difficulty. 6．I ran to the school，only _________ (tell) that I wasn’t admitted by the University. 7．David was too excited at the news ________ (sleep) last night. 8．He went home _______ (find) his old friend George waiting for him. 基础达标 to come to solve in to write to face to be told to sleep to find 维度二　完成句子 1．你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。(must have done) __________________________ last night.Your eyes are red. 2．这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。(enough to) The boy is _____________________________. 3．我匆忙赶到王教授家，却发现他外出了。 I hurried to Professor Wang’s house ____________________ .(动词不定式作结果状语) 4．他的视力太差了，看不清这么小的字母。(too...to...) His eyesight is ______________ such small letters. You must have gone to bed late old enough to take care of himself only to find he was out too poor to read 5．专家让当地人在台风到来时待在家里。 The authorities told the local people ____________ when the typhoon arrived. (动词不定式作宾语补足语) 6．每个人都为环境保护发挥作用。 (play) Everyone has a role ________________________________． 7．她气得连话都说不出来。(so...as to) She was _____________________ to speak. 8．他没有可以依靠的朋友。(depend) He has no friend ____________ . to stay inside to play in protecting the environment　 so angry as to be unable to depend on 维度三　语法与写作 (一)用括号内的基本句型完成下面句子。 1．大多数人都要用完物资了。(run out of) Most of the people _________________________. 2．很少有人的食物和水能支撑一个星期。(动词不定式作定语) Few had enough food and __________________ . were running out of supplies water to last a week 3．他们向窗外看去，只看到大树倒在街上，到处是水。(动词不定式作结果状语) They looked out of the window，____________________________________ ___________________. 4．幸运地是，很多人来帮助他们了。(动词不定式作目的状语) Luckily，many people came ____________ . only to find big trees lying across the street and water everywhere to help them (二)运用衔接词把上面的句子合并成一篇40词左右的微型作文。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Most of the people were running out of supplies and few had enough food and water to last a week.They looked out of the window，only to find big trees lying across the street and water everywhere.However，after a short while，many people came to help them. 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Home fires can happen quickly，destroying lives and property，but unlike other disasters，most home fires can be prevented. Read on to learn 4 unexpected home fire dangers. Having old smoke alarms An effective smoke alarm can make much difference when it comes to surviving a house fire. It’s not enough to change the batteries twice a year，but you also need to replace your alarms every decade.“You should test your smoke alarms every month，” says Lorraine Carli，vice president of the National Fire Protection Association.“But also don’t forget to check the dates and replace an alarm that is more than 10 years old.” Leaving the kitchen while you cook One in five Americans admitted leaving food cooking unattended on the stove，found an American Red Cross survey. Walking away from food cooking in the kitchen is a serious fire risk.“The leading cause of home fires is cooking，and the leading cause of those fires is unattended cooking，” says Carli.“If you need to use the stove or oven，be sure to keep an eye on it.” Turning the heat too high when you cook Turning up the heat too high can be deadly，even if you’re in the kitchen while you cook. Kevin Kelley，senior director of the American Red Cross，recommends paying close attention and turning off the burner if you see smoke or grease (油脂) starting to boil while frying food. Having a dirty stove while you cook If your stove is covered with grease，a small kitchen fire can get out of hand quickly. Clean and clear the area around the stove before turning on the heat，or the result will be dangerous. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种意想不到的家庭火灾及其预防措施。 1．How long should you have a new smoke alarm？ A．2 years. B．10 years. C．12 years. D．8 years. 细节理解题。根据Having old smoke alarms中的“It’s not enough to change the batteries twice a year，but you also need to replace your alarms every decade.”可知，一个新的烟雾报警器应该使用十年。故选B项。 √ 2．What is the leading cause of fires from kitchen？ A．Having a dirty stove. B．Turning the heat too high. C．Having an old alarm. D．Walking away from food cooking. 细节理解题。根据Leaving the kitchen while you cook中的“The leading cause of home fires is cooking，and the leading cause of those fires is unattended cooking”可知，厨房起火的主要原因是人们没有待在正在被烹饪的食物旁边。故选D项。 √ 3．Which of the following is correct？ A．Unexpected home fire dangers can’t be prevented. B．It is advisable to replace your alarms every month. C．Having a dirty stove is dangerous while you cook. D．Kevin Kelley suggests paying no attention to cooking. 细节理解题。根据Having a dirty stove while you cook中的“If your stove is covered with grease... or the result will be dangerous.”可知，当你做饭时，有一个脏炉子是危险的。故选C项。 √ B Over the last two days in December last year，nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states—from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the midwest. More than 100 tornado warnings were issued—the most ever for a day. The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people’s deaths，which was described as the worst in this state’s history. As one of the largest countries in the world，the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries—from deserts to forests to miles of coast line. While this comes with many advantages，it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters. Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters. The west coast is at risk of wildfires，earthquakes，and even volcanic eruptions. The southern part of the country is frequently hit by tornadoes，and the east coast faces the threat of serious hurricanes every year. Midwestern areas near rivers are often flooded by huge floods，and these are the worst floods in American history. The governments reviewed the weather event in each state’ s history that caused the highest number of deaths to determine the worst natural disaster in every state. Thanks to their location and geographic research，some states made preparations ahead of time to avoid mass­-casualty (重大伤亡的) weather events. However，many other parts of the country have been less fortunate，experiencing massive storms and floods. Many such events，like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galveston of Texas，killed so many people that it was impossible to get an exact number of final deaths，especially during that time. American weather continues to become more changeable. In 2018，there were 14 weather events that caused over $1 billion in damage. And in many parts of the country，these weather events could become even more destructive (毁灭性的) because of global warming. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国地理环境多样化，天气多变，常年遭受自然灾害，不同地区遭受不同的自然灾害。 4．What do we know from the figures in Paragraph 1？ A．America suffered from serious natural disasters. B．Tornadoes were the greatest threat to Americans. C．The tornado in Kentucky was the worst in America. D．Less and less natural disasters hit America. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，文章列举了一些数字说明美国遭受了严重的自然灾害，造成了极大的破坏，故选A。 √ 5．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ A．The worst floods in American history. B．The earthquakes in the west coast of US. C．The hurricanes along the east coast of US. D．The natural disasters in different parts of US. 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要讲述美国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害，故选D。 √ 6．Which of the following can best describe American’s weather in the future？ A．Controllable. B．Unchangeable. C．Worrying. D．Pleasant. 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，美国的天气多变，可能会变得更具毁灭性。故推知美国未来的天气是令人担心的、不容乐观的，故选C。 √ 7．What may be the best title for the text？ A．A Serious Tornado in Kentucky B．A Weather Report from the US C．Tornadoes Causing Great Damage D．Common Natural Disasters in the US 标题归纳题。根据第二段及第三段内容可知，本文主要介绍美国地理环境多样化，常年遭遇很多自然灾害，并且不同地区常年面临不同的自然灾害。故文章的标题是Common Natural Disasters in the US，故选D。 √ C Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up.“There’s a cyclone coming，Em，” he called to his wife.“I’ll go to look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept. Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glance told her of the danger close at hand.“Quick，Dorothy！” she screamed.“Run for the cellar (地窖)！” Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed，and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em，badly frightened，threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small，dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway across the room，there came a great roar from the wind，and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor. Then a strange thing happened. The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. It was very dark，and the wind blew horribly around her，but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few twists and turns，and one other time when the house tipped badly，she felt as if she were being rocked gently，like a baby in a cradle. Toto did not like it. He ran about the room，now here，now there，barking loudly；but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen. At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed，and lay down upon it；and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind，Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了龙卷风来临时的场景，展现了小女孩多萝西面对危险时的镇静坦然。 词义猜测题。根据第三段“The house circled around ... ”可知，房子被吹起来了，周围有可怕的风，可推断这是一场飓风来临时的景象，可猜测第一段“There’s a cyclone coming，Em”中的cyclone就是下文描写的龙卷风；hurricane意为“龙卷风”，与cyclone同义。故选A项。 8．What does the underlined word “cyclone” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ A．Hurricane. B．Flood. C．Monster. D．Earthquake. √ 9．Why did Aunt Em go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached？ A．To find the puppy Toto. B．To find shelter from the cyclone. C．To protect their fortune. D．To get tools to help Henry. 推理判断题。根据第二段“One glance told her of the danger close at hand.‘Quick，Dorothy！’ she screamed.‘Run for the cellar (地窖)！’”可知，当时龙卷风已经临近，危险马上到来，结合常识可知，地窖可以作为躲避龙卷风的一个场所，所以可推断艾米婶婶进地窖是为了躲避龙卷风。故选B项。 √ 10．Which of the following is true about Dorothy？ A．She managed to control the house. B．She found herself flying in a balloon. C．She turned baby crying loudly. D．She remained undisturbed with Toto. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At last she crawled over the swinging floor... ”可知，龙卷风对多萝西和托托并没有什么影响，她甚至很快入睡了。故选D项。 √ 11．Which word can best describe Dorothy in the emergency？ A．Frightened. B．Curious. C．Calm. D．Excited. 推理判断题。根据第三段“she felt as if she were being rocked gently，like a baby in a cradle.”及“but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen”可知，多萝西面对龙卷风很平静；再结合最后一段多萝西的表现可知，多萝西不受龙卷风影响，依然平静地睡着了，可推断多萝西面对龙卷风非常镇静。故选C项。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Mountains of smoke and fire Deep under the Earth’s surface，it’s so hot that even rock melts. Sometimes this molten rock，called “magma”，is pushed up to the surface.　1　 And the opening or vent that lets the lava out is a volcano. A volcano may explode violently，throwing out rocks for miles around.　2　Some volcanoes release clouds of poisonous gas or huge clouds of ash. Volcanoes can even do all these things underwater. Most volcanoes have been around for a very long time. Many haven’t erupted for years and have cooled off. Volcanoes that are not going to erupt again are called “dead volcanoes”．Some volcanoes still give off smoke. These “sleeping volcanoes” may “wake up” one day and erupt again.　3　 But one day in AD 79 it suddenly woke up. Its eruption threw out hot ash and rocky fragments (碎片) that buried the city of Pompeii. A hot mud­-flow buried nearby Herculaneum. Because the remains are so well preserved，the area has been named a World Heritage site. But not all volcanoes are destructive. When a volcano throws out vast amounts of lava and debris (岩屑)，it piles up into a mountain.　4　 Other volcanoes help provide heat and energy. Many Icelandic homes get their hot water from springs heated by volcanic steam.　5　 Plants grow very well in the rich soil left by volcanoes. And valuable gems，such as diamonds，can sometimes be found in the rocks that are thrown out by volcanoes. A．At this point it is referred to as “lava”． B．The molten rock is formed inside the Earth. C．This steam can also be used to produce electricity. D．Mount Vesuvius in Italy slept for a thousand years. E．Or it may push lava out so that it flows away，cools and hardens. F．Japan has many active volcanoes within its narrow national territory. G．The Hawaiian Islands and the island of Iceland were created in this way. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火山及其爆发的相关情况，同时指出，并非所有火山喷发都具有毁灭性。 Deep under the Earth’s surface，it’s so hot that even rock melts. Sometimes this molten rock，called “magma”，is pushed up to the surface.　_______________________________________ And the opening or vent that lets the lava out is a volcano. 根据下句中的“the lava”，说明在设空处要提到lava。A项中的“at this point”承接上句中的“is pushed up to the surface”，故选A。 A．At this point it is referred to as “lava” . A volcano may explode violently，throwing out rocks for miles around. __________________________________________________________ Some volcanoes release clouds of poisonous gas or huge clouds of ash. Volcanoes can even do all these things underwater. 本段描述火山喷发的景象，上句火山喷发violently，E项则描述较为缓和的景象flow away，承接上句，构成并列关系，or表示选择，故选E。 E．Or it may push lava out so that it flows away，cools and hardens. Most volcanoes have been around for a very long time. Many haven’t erupted for years and have cooled off. Volcanoes that are not going to erupt again are called “dead volcanoes”．Some volcanoes still give off smoke. These “sleeping volcanoes” may “wake up” one day and erupt again. ______________________________________________ But one day in AD 79 it suddenly woke up. Its eruption threw out hot ash and rocky fragments (碎片) that buried the city of Pompeii. A hot mud­flow buried nearby Herculaneum. Because the remains are so well preserved，the area has been named a World Heritage site. 根据下句的But，说明设空处内容和woke up相反；同时下句的it要在设空处出现所指内容，故选D。 D．Mount Vesuvius in Italy slept for a thousand years. But not all volcanoes are destructive. When a volcano throws out vast amounts of lava and debris (岩屑)，it piles up into a mountain. _________ _______________________________________________________ 本段描述部分火山喷发后堆积成山，不流动，所以不具有毁灭性。G项中的“were created in this way”照应了上句的“piles up into a mountain”，故选G。 G．The Hawaiian Islands and the island of Iceland were created in this way. Other volcanoes help provide heat and energy. Many Icelandic homes get their hot water from springs heated by volcanic steam. ___________________ _____________________________ Plants grow very well in the rich soil left by volcanoes. And valuable gems，such as diamonds，can sometimes be found in the rocks that are thrown out by volcanoes. 本段描述火山喷发带来的好处。C项中的“this steam”照应上句的“volcanic steam”。故选C。 C．This steam can also be used to produce electricity. Ⅲ.语法填空 I felt lucky to go on a cultural tour to two sites of lost civilisations—Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China. Pompeii was founded in the 8th century BC．Then it 1．__________ (take) over by the Romans in 89 BC．Later，a volcano erupted and covered Pompeii with ash (灰). 2．_____________ (unfortunate)，many people were buried alive and so was the city. It was forgotten for many years until the 8th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasures and had some of them 3．__________ (destroy).Thus，in 1860，the area was put under government 4．__________ (protect) so it could be preserved and studied. was taken Unfortunately destroyed protection Differently，Loulan，5．_______ (know) as China’s Pompeii in the desert (沙漠)，is believed to have been gradually covered by sandstorms from AD 200 6．____ AD 400.Around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the 7．______ (ruin) of the Loulan Kingdom. Interestingly，there was 8．____ ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down，9．_______ resulted in the city being buried by sand. They were both important commercial (商业的) cities about 2，000 years ago. 10．____ was a pity that they disappeared forever. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了已经消失的古文明——意大利的庞贝古城和中国的楼兰。 known to ruins an which It 1．答案：was taken　 2．答案：Unfortunately　 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，此处Pompeii和take over之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“in 89 BC”可知，用一般过去时态，且主语是第三人称单数，故填was taken。 考查词性转换。此处用副词unfortunately修饰整个句子，意为“不幸的是”，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unfortunately。 3．答案：destroyed　 4．答案：protection　 考查非谓语动词。have sth. done，意为“让某事被做”，some of them和destroy是被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式。故填destroyed。 考查词性转换。由前面的介词under可知，此处需要名词作介词的宾语，从而构成介词短语，名词protection意为“保护”，故填protection。 5．答案：known　 6．答案：to　 考查非谓语动词。Loulan与know之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语，be known as意为“被认为是……”，故填 known。 考查介词。固定搭配from... to... ，表示“从……到……”。故填 to 。 7．答案：ruins　 8．答案：an　 考查名词的单复数。ruins表示“遗址”时用复数。故填ruins。 考查冠词。there be句型表示“有……”时，其后跟的主语常表示泛指而不是特指，system为单数可数名词，且ancient的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 返回 9．答案：which　 10．答案：It　 考查定语从句。根据句意可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前面的整个句子，故填which。 考查代词。此处it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。It was a pity that... 表示“遗憾的是……”，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填It 。 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 2　Natural disasters 返回 $