Unit 1 Period 3 Grammar and usage—Ellipsis-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 3　Grammar and usage—Ellipsis 请认真阅读下列句子，并根据提示填空 1．(You) Come at one o’clock sharp.一点钟准时来。 2．John is a lawyer，and his wife (is) a cleaner.约翰是律师，他的妻子是清洁工。 3. You’d better look out when (you are) crossing the street.你过马路时最好当心。 4．He is the man (who/whom/that) you can depend on.他是你可以信赖的人。 5．The boy wanted to play football in the street，but his mother did not allow him to (play football in the street)． 这个男孩想在街上踢足球，但他妈妈不允许。 6．It shows (that) knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 这说明急救知识能起到很大的作用。 自主发现 1．例句1为简单句中的省略。 2．例句2为并列句中的省略。 3．例句3为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物或当状语从句的主语为it而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 4．例句4为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 5．例句5为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号to来替代上文中出现的不定式。 6．例句6为宾语从句中连接词that的省略。 一、简单句中的省略 1．在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略主语或主语和谓语的一部分。 (It) Sounds like a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 (Have you) Heard anything about Bob lately? 最近(你)听说过鲍勃的事情吗？ 2．在简短对话中，答语常保留主语和助动词，省略其后主要动词以及上句出现过的其他内容。 —Are you ready? —Yes，I am (ready)． ——你准备好了吗？ ——是的，我准备好了。 二、并列句中的省略 在并列句中，第二分句常省略与第一分句中相同的成分。 My room is on the fifth floor，and hers (is) on the eighth (floor)． 我的房间在五楼，而她的在八楼。 John won the first race and Jimmy (won) the second (race)． 约翰赢了第一场赛跑，吉米赢了第二场。 三、复合句中的省略 1．状语从句的省略 当状语从句的主语跟主句的主语相同或从句的主语为it且从句谓语中含有be动词时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。 Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning. 木头燃烧时产生很多烟。 Whenever (it is) possible，they will stop him and ask him the three questions. 只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。 Will you be free this Sunday？If (it is) so，let’s go camping. 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。 注意：若省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。 When (it is) heated，ice can turn into water. 加热的时候冰可以变成水。 2．定语从句的省略 当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 The exact year (which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2020. 安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2020年。 3．宾语从句的省略 在宾语从句中连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.我真的相信美丽来自内心。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。 四、动词不定式中的省略 1．当不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。 You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question)． 如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 2．在某些使役动词，如：make，let，have等和感官动词，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。 3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，则不能省略to。 I’d like to stay with you，help you and learn from you. 我愿意留在你身边，帮助你并向你学习。 He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较) 他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 4．介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 五、使用so，not等时的省略 在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Can you finish your work today? —I think so. —I don’t think so./I think not. ——你今天能完成工作吗？ ——我认为能。 ——我认为不能。 注意：hope，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。 —The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they? —I guess not. ——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？ ——我猜是没做好。 六、介词的省略 1．一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有： (1)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth (2)be busy (in) doing sth (3)spend some time (in) doing sth (4)stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 2．表示时间的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some等词之前时，一般省略。 We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.除星期天外，我们每天都上学。 在空白处填入一个适当的词，注意使用省略形式 Tony lives in a good family.His father is a teacher，and so is his mother.His parents are strict with their students，and 1.strict in their work.Tony’s parents are of the same age.They do what they can to help their son grow healthily and safely.Once，when Tony wanted to play football in the street，his parents told him not 2.to because it was dangerous for him to do 3.so.As we all know，safety is of great importance in our daily life.From this we can draw a conclusion that his parents help him form a good habit of being safe.Tony’s parents are good teachers at school and 4.parents at home. Ⅰ.写出下列句中省略的成分和内容。 1．Hope you are well，and that I shall hear from you after your holiday.主语I 2．Nice day again.主语和谓语It is 3．You can play in the house，but you mustn’t outside the house.谓语的一部分play 4．—I hope the children won’t touch the dog. —I’ve warned them not to.动词不定式符号to后的touch the dog 5．—Can you tell me when he will go abroad? —It’s hard to say.宾语when he will go abroad 6．Feeling much better now?主语和谓语的一部分Are you Ⅱ.用省略结构改写下列各句 1．I like singing more than I like dancing. →I like singing more than dancing. 2．Fill in a proper preposition where it is necessary. →Fill in a proper preposition where necessary. 3．Do you come up with good ideas？If it is so，we would love to hear from you. →Do you come up with good ideas？If so，we would love to hear from you. 4．The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to play with the knife. →The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to. 5．The book that he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. →The book he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．When (you are) visiting another country，you should be aware of the local customs and observe them. 当你参观另一个国家时，你应该了解当地的习俗并遵守它们。 2．He said the lecture was very important and that we all should attend it. 他说这次讲座非常重要，我们都应该参加。 3．I don’t like the way (that/in which) she treats her students. 我不喜欢她对待她的学生的方式。 4．—John was injured，or he would have won the race. —I think so(我认为也是如此)． 5．Many Chinese students have difficulty/problem/trouble (in) learning English well. 很多中国学生在学好英语方面有困难。 Ⅳ.阅读理解 Oxygen levels have dropped in hundreds of lakes in the United States and Europe over the last four decades，according to a new study. Researchers examined the temperature and the amount of dissolved oxygen(溶解氧) in nearly 400 lakes and discovered widespread drops in oxygen levels.They found dissolved oxygen fell an average of 5.5 percent in the surface water and 18.6 percent in deep water.Their findings suggest that warming temperatures and falling water clearness from human activity are causing oxygen levels to fall. Testing for oxygen is one of the best ways to judge how healthy water systems are.The study’s findings suggest a conspicuous human footprint.That footprint includes warming caused by climate change.In addition，falling water clearness can be caused by runoff(地表径流) from human waste systems，cars and power plants. Dissolved oxygen losses in Earth’s water systems have been reported before.A 2017 study of oxygen levels in the world’s oceans showed a two-percent drop since 1960.But less was known about lakes，which lost 2.75 to 9.3 times as much oxygen as oceans，the new study found.Before this study，other researchers had reported oxygen drops in individual lakes over a long period of time.But no one looked at as many lakes around the world. The drop of oxygen levels in deep water may affect creatures that are more sensitive to temperature increases，such as cold water fish.During summer months they depend on cooler temperatures found in deeper water.But if deep water is low in oxygen，these creatures can’t survive.“Those are the conditions that sometimes lead to fish kills in the water，” said study co-author Kevin C．Rose.“It means a lot of areas cold water fish depend on may become unlivable.” Meanwhile，about a quarter of the lakes examined actually showed increasing oxygen in the surface water.It is a bad sign because it points to a sudden growth of algae(藻类)．In those lakes，dissolved oxygen was “very low” in deep water，likely creating unlivable conditions for many species，the researchers said. 1．What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Noticeable. B．Hidden. C．Similar. D．Rare. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的两句可知，湖泊的溶解氧损失有明显的人类活动的原因，故画线词所在句意为“研究结果显示出明显的人类足迹”，conspicuous意为“明显的”，故选A。 2．Why is the 2017 study mentioned? A．To compare different research findings. B．To show the difficulty in studying lakes. C．To explore more possibilities of the research. D．To explain the necessity of carrying out the new research. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段前三句可知，人们很早就关注了水体的溶解氧损失，2017年的研究发现了海洋含氧量下降的问题，但之前人们对湖泊的研究较少，而新研究发现湖泊的氧气损失更加严重，故文章提到2017年的研究是为了解释这项新研究的必要性。故选D。 3．What is a result of dissolved oxygen losses in deep water? A．Some fish’s low sensitivity to temperatures. B．A serious food shortage for deep-water fish. C．Less chance for deep-water fish to survive. D．Changes in the living habits of deep-water fish. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But if deep water is low in oxygen，these creatures can’t survive.”可知，深水区溶解氧下降会导致深水鱼类生存的机会更少，故选C。 4．What does increased oxygen in a lake’s surface water probably suggest? A．Water quality is improving there. B．The local ecosystem is getting worse. C．Climate change is being controlled properly. D．The impact of human activity has been weakened. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，湖泊表层水中氧气的增加意味着藻类的突然生长，这些湖泊中深水区的溶解氧非常低，不适合很多物种居住，故这表明当地的生态系统可能正在恶化，故选B。 Ⅴ.完形填空 As a boy，Kerr wanted to be a park ranger(护林员)． 1 ，he spent four decades in a broadcasting station.He retired at 65 without any particular 2 in mind.After several boring weeks，he decided to drive to visit family in Wyoming. On route，he 3 to stop at the Yellowstone Park Foundation，which was looking for people to 4 park guests on wolves.Kerr 5 ，and later，became an internship(实习生) of the Student Conservation Association. Kerr 6 in the intern crowd，most of whom were college and even high school students.But he had been well 7 for this since his youth.His outdoor adventures with his grandfather had given him a 8 of nature. There are 31 million Americans between 44 and 70，some searching for something where they feel as if they’re making a 9 to make their neighborhood just a little bit 10 .Kerr also had that deep 11 to do something meaningful. From his internship，he moved up to ranger，educating park visitors，making for safe 12 between guests and animals，and responding to medical emergencies.He 13 his work，which he describes as one of the most beautiful places on Earth，enjoying moments when he 14 a visitor to an up-close look at wolves through his telescope. “These are rich and all-too-rare 15 ，” recalls Kerr.“I will never forget them.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。Kerr小时候想当护林员，长大后却一直在广播电台工作，然而在退休后，他实现了自己儿时的梦想，成了一名出色的护林员。 1．A.Fortunately B．Instead C．Secretly D．Therefore 答案　B 解析　fortunately幸运地；instead反而，却；secretly秘密地；therefore因此。根据前文“As a boy，Kerr wanted to be a park ranger(护林员)．”可知，Kerr小时候想当护林员，而长大后却一直在广播电台工作。故选B。 2．A.job B．habit C．goal D．hope 答案　C 解析　根据前文“retired”和后文“several boring weeks”可知，退休后，他心中没有任何具体的目标。故选C。 3．A.happened B．decided C．asked D．canceled 答案　A 解析　happen碰巧；decide决定；ask问；cancel取消。根据前文“On route”可知，他碰巧在黄石基金会停下来。故选A。 4．A.answer B．advise C．educate D．save 答案　C 解析　answer回答；advise建议；educate教育，教导；save节省。根据后文“park guests on wolves”以及倒数第二段中的“educating park visitors”可知，黄石公园基金会正在招人向公园游客介绍狼。故选C。 5．A.signed B．left C．doubted D．hesitated 答案　A 解析　sign签名，报名；leave离开；doubt怀疑；hesitate犹豫。根据后文“became an internship(实习生)”可知，Kerr报了名。故选A。 6．A.helped out B．stood out C．held out D．set out 答案　B 解析　help out帮助摆脱(困境)；stand out突出；hold out坚持，幸存；set out动身，开始。根据后文“most of whom were college and even high school students”可知，因为大多数人是大学生或者高中生，所以他显得格外突出。故选B。 7．A.tended B．trained C．known D．prepared 答案　D 解析　tend倾向于；train训练；know知道；prepare准备。根据前文“As a boy，Kerr wanted to be a park ranger(护林员)”以及后文“His outdoor adventures...had given him a ”可知，Kerr从小就立志做一名护林员而且他有户外探险的经历，因此他从小就为此做好了充分的准备。故选D。 8．A.view B．fear C．trust D．love 答案　D 解析　view观点；fear害怕；trust信任；love爱。根据前文“His outdoor adventures with his grandfather...”可知，他和祖父的户外冒险使他爱上了大自然。故选D。 9．A.deal B．promise C．contribution D．plan 答案　C 解析　deal交易；promise承诺；contribution贡献；plan计划。根据后文“make their neighborhood just a little bit ”可知，一些人在寻找能让他们觉得自己在为让他们的社区变得更好而做出贡献的事情。故选C。 10．A.cleaner B．braver C．easier D．better 答案　D 解析　cleaner更干净；braver更勇敢；easier更简单；better更好。根据后文“to do something meaningful”可知，此处表示让他们的社区变得更好。故选D。 11．A.understanding B．urge C．impression D．impact 答案　B 解析　understanding理解，明白；urge强烈的愿望；impression印象；impact作用。根据前文“also”可知，Kerr也有做一些有意义的事情的强烈愿望。故选B。 12．A.meetings B．discussions C．futures D．homes 答案　A 解析　根据后文“between guests and animals”可知，他致力于确保游客和动物之间的安全会面。故选A。 13．A.treasures B．quits C．updates D．changes 答案　A 解析　treasure珍惜；quit离开；update更新；change改变。根据后文“enjoying moments”可知，他很珍惜他的工作。故选A。 14．A.charges B．calls C．joins D．treats 答案　D 解析　charge管理；call打电话，称作；join加入；treat对待，招待。根据后文“a visitor to an up-close look at wolves through his telescope”可知，他招待游客通过望远镜近距离观察狼。故选D。 15．A.visitors B．animals C．moments D．tools 答案　C 解析　visitor参观者；animal动物；moment时刻；tool工具。根据前文“enjoying moments when he a visitor to an up-close look at wolves through his telescope”可知，Kerr招待游客通过望远镜近距离观察狼，这些时刻他永远不会忘记，这些都是有趣而难得的时刻。故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Environment-friendly ideas have been created to supply people with helpful 1.___________ (tip) on how they can help the environment 2. well as save money.I honestly believe that everyone wants to help the environment，even if they do or do not believe in 3._____________ (globe) warming. With power bills，water bills and all other expenses 4. (continue) to rise，it’s very hard for the average worker.No matter what your financial position is，there is always something everyone can do 5. (help) save our environment.We are not the only ones that live on this 6. (amaze) planet.We also share it 7. a wide range of strange and wonderful animals.It would be a great tragedy if they 8. (be) not around for our future generations to enjoy.Every little bit helps，so please do all 9. you can to protect our environment and the environment of these surprising animals. I hope these environment-friendly ideas can help everyone to do 10. (they) bit for the environment and to make this world a better place. 1．答案　tips 解析　考查名词复数。该空作介词with的宾语，且空前有形容词helpful修饰，应该用名词。tip是可数名词，前面没有冠词，应该用名词复数形式。故填tips。 2．答案　as 解析　考查固定短语。as well as是固定短语，意为“也，而且”。故填as。 3．答案　global 解析　考查形容词。该空修饰名词warming，应该用形容词。故填global。 4．答案　continuing 解析　考查非谓语动词。该题考查with＋宾语＋宾语补足语结构。宾语power bills，water bills and all other expenses和continue之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故填continuing。 5．答案　to help 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，there is always something是主句。“everyone can do (help) save our environment”是定语从句，修饰something。在该定语从句中，“ (help) save our environment”是目的状语，表目的，应该用动词不定式。故填to help。 6．答案　amazing 解析　考查形容词。该空修饰名词planet，应该用形容词。表示星球的特点，应该用amazing，意为“令人惊奇的”。amazed一般用来表示人的感受和情绪。故填amazing。 7．答案　with 解析　考查介词。表示“和某人分享某物”，应该用share sth with sb。故填with。 8．答案　were 解析　考查虚拟语气。该句是对将来情况的一种虚拟。if条件句的谓语部分可用一般过去时态。如果谓语动词是系动词be，一律用were。主句用would＋do形式。故填were。 9．答案　that 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，please do all是主句，“ you can”是定语从句，修饰all。该定语从句中can后面省略了do。引导词在从句中作do的宾语。且先行词为不定代词all，应该用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 10．答案　their 解析　考查代词。该空修饰名词bit，应该用形容词性物主代词。do one’s bit是固定短语，意为“尽本分，干分内的事”。故填their。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$