广东省广州市海珠外国语实验中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

2023-2024学年第二学期期末教学质量检测模拟考 高一英语 本试卷共10页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（满分65分） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Is a picture worth a thousand words? We think so! Take a digital photograph that answers this question: Why is Earth Day important to our planet? The winning photographer will receive a digital camera, and the photo will be published in TIME for Kids magazine. Get details below. · The competition is open to students from 8 to 13 years of age. · Judges will look for creativity, photo composition and relation to the Earth Day theme (主题). · Students must include their first name only; their e-mail address; a parent’s, or a teacher’s e-mail address (very important); the location in the photo, and the date when it was taken (must be between June 1, 2022, and March 20, 2023). Competition begins: January 9, 2023. Competition closes: March 20, 2023. · To enter, students should visit timneforkids.com/20/7earthdaycontest and follow instructions to provide an original digital photo. The winner will receive a digital camera. · All entries must follow the official rules for consideration. 1. Who can take part in the Earth Day Photo Competition? A. Professional photographers. B. Students aged 8-13. C. Students and their teachers. D. Students and their parents. 2. As for those who enter the competition, __________. A. they must include their full name B. their photo will be posted on the Internet C. they must provide some basic information about the photo D. both their parent’s and teacher’s email address are necessary 3. Which of the following might meet the requirements? A. A printed photo. B. A photo of a wedding. C. A photo taken on May 20, 2023. D. A photo of river pollution. B I have a hearing problem, so my son helped me to check in my luggage (行李) at the Dulles International Airport Washington DC. I gave a birthday-quote card pack to a check-in clerk. Her face was lighted up with a smile, thanking me. It was my first time at the Washington DC airport, so my son asked for a wheelchair to make sure I found the boarding gate. The check-in clerk came out from behind the counter (柜台) and requested my wheelchair from the lady managing it. I was thankful for what they did for me. The gate was not an easy find for me. My son made the right decision to have the wheelchair. I was greatly thankful for his love and care for me. At the security check, they let me pass with my watch, belt and shoes on. At the boarding gate, I said that I have a hearing problem and asked an airport official to let me know when my turn to board arrived. Immediately, she helped me to board the plane. I was thankful to her. On the plane, the middle seat next to me was empty. The lady seated near the window was trying to sleep. I gave up my seat so that she could sleep comfortably. I took the seat in the first row of the section where there was plenty of leg room and no other passenger seated next to me. Kindness paid me back. On the plane, a little girl dropped a colour pen. I picked it up and gave it to her. Later on, while she was sleeping, she dropped her pillow (枕头) several times, and I put it near her. I try to be of use to those around me, even though I am a bit disabled myself and sometimes even need others’ help. 4. Why did the author’s son help her board the plane? A. She carried too many things. B. She had a problem with communication. C. She was too old to walk alone. D. She travelled by air for the first time. 5. Which word can best describe the author’s son? A. Brave. B. Honest. C. Thoughtful. D. Hardworking. 6. What did the author ask the airport official to do? A. Remind her when her boarding time came. B. Return the wheelchair to the counter. C. Find a comfortable seat for her. D. Push her to the plane in the wheelchair. 7. Why did the author give up her seat? A. To make the lady near her sleep comfortably. B. To sit in the first row. C. To play with the little girl. D. To have more leg room. C There’s no doubt that football is the global sport. Though basketball, tennis, and other sports are popular too, nothing comes close to football. Being played in every country in the world, football provides dozens of superstars. The numbers are greater when compared to any other sport, and this drives the popularity of football up. Have you ever wondered when the sport started and became popular? Football has its origin (起源) in China and has a history of more than 2,000 years. However, modern football originally appeared in Britain in the 19th century. Folk football matches had been played before in many cities and towns, but never on a professional level. Football became a winter sport game played in different schools. The rules were carried out by each school, and this made it difficult for players to play an official game with each other. It all changed in 1849 at the University of Cambridge that invented a set of standard rules known as the Cambridge rules of football. From that moment, a new star sport was born. By the early 20th century, football had spread all across Europe. In 1904, FIFA was set up. There are seven original members, including France, Denmark and Spain. FIFA became the governing body for many associations in Europe. England’s international success improved the popularity of the sport in the country. The league (联赛) in Britain was set up in 1992. From the 1990s, it became a truly impressive piece of football organization, becoming the world’s top football league in the process. Football is obviously the most popular sport in the world. It is impossible for any other sport to take its place, especially with leagues spending billions of pounds every year to stay in the focus. 8. What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 1? A. To describe the unpopularity of football. B. To introduce the topic of the text. C. To debate the main idea of the text. D. To introduce famous football leagues. 9. Where did modern football first start? A. In China. B. In France. C. In Britain. D. In Spain. 10. Why was it difficult to play an official game before 1849? A. The rules always changed. B. There were no common rules. C. The season made players hard to win. D. Officials made players misunderstand the rules. 11. How is the text mainly developed? A. By time order. B. By space order. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving examples. D Although social media can be enjoyable and beneficial, online relationships simply cannot replace real life connection. But simply being in the flesh with someone does not make a lasting, meaningful relationship, which got me thinking: what, exactly, does? My search to answer this question took me back more than 2,000 years to Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics. What I found couldn’t be more insightful, and it rings just as true today as it must have then. Aristotle writes that there are three different kinds of friendship: FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY, in which one or both of the parties gain something as a result of the friendship (think: much of the modern “networking” enterprise, or becoming friends with someone because you think they can help you). FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE, or those centered around pleasant experiences (think: people with whom you can have a good, carefree time). FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE, in which both individuals share the same values (think: people whom you admire and respect, and with whom you share what you find most important in life). It’s fascinating that, centuries ago, Aristotle offered that many individual often pursue friendships primarily for utility. And it’s easy to see that some things never change. Likewise, he wrote, “Those who love because of what is good for themselves, and those who love because of pleasure do so because of what is pleasant to themselves. Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable, is not permanent but is always changing; thus, when the reason for the friendship is done away, the friendship is dissolved.” It’s OK to have some friendships mainly for utility and pleasure, but it’s important to realize that these fill a different purpose and are likely to have a shorter lifespan than one built upon shared virtue. And it is the friendships based on virtue that are worth protecting and cherishing. But they require considerable energy to maintain -- as Aristotle wrote, “lack of conversation has broken many a friendship”—but what you get out of these friendships easily outweighs what you put in. 12. What is the author’s attitude towards Aristotle’s grouping of friendship? A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 13. How does the author illustrate Aristotle’s three kinds of friendship? A. By giving examples. B. By offering instructions. C. By making comparisons. D. By drawing conclusions. 14. Why can’t friendship based on utility and pleasure last long? A. Because there are always other friends around. B. Because people only consider their own benefits. C. Because people’s pursuit is not always the same. D. Because different people make friends for different reasons. 15. According to Aristotle, how can one keep a longer friendship? A. Spend face-to-face time with your friends. B. Keep talking to the ones with shared values. C Value the advantages you get out of a friend. D Create a pleasant atmosphere for a conversation. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Your homework habits might be affecting your grades. 1 However, you can change the way you feel by taking better care of your mind and your body. Use a planner. Do you know that poor organization skills can reduce your final scores by a whole letter grade? 2 Who can afford to score a big fat “0” on a paper, just because we get lazy and don’t pay attention to the due date? Nobody wants to get an “F” because of forgetfulness. Communicate with parents. It sounds simple enough, but students don’t always realize how much parents can stress out about this. 3 Whenever parents see a small sign of potential failure, they may be afraid of its potential to become a big failure. 4 Studies show that teens’ natural sleep patterns are different from those of adults. This often causes them to have trouble going to sleep at night, and have trouble waking up in the mornings. You can avoid some of the problems by changing some of your night time habits. Improve your memory. A great way to improve homework habits is to improve your memory with brain exercise. 5 Ancient accounts show that early Greek orators (演说家) used the “loci” method of remembering long speeches. You may be able to use this method to enhance your memory at test time. A. Get the sleep that you need. B. Parents are concerned about your success. C. Never sleep later than your parents at night. D. There are many ideas about improving memories. E. You may feel bored when it comes to homework time. F. Students often do their homework late at night every day. G. That’s why you should learn how to use a day planner the right way. 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分。） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Society has certain standards for beauty. But Romanian photographer Mihaela Noroc, who spent nearly four years 1 photos of women from around the world, is challenging these standards. She believes that beauty can 2 many forms. “Beauty just means being 3 ,” Noroc told NPR, “I don’t think we have to change ourselves to be in a certain way; I think we just have to keep ourselves as we are and don’t 4 need to change.” 5 by a trip to Africa in 2013, Noroc has traveled to more than 50 countries and regions since then. In 2017, she published a book called The Atlas of Beauty: Women of the World in 500 Portraits to show how many different kinds of beauty there are in the world. From a struggling Russian dancer to a talkative cafe owner in New York, Noroc’s subjects (拍摄对象) 6 her in deep conversation. Noroc found out what 7 them, what their daily struggles and joys are, and what brings beauty into their own lives. “No matter where I go, it’s the 8 that carry all the culture and traditions of a place. I really try to focus on women’s stories, how they face challenges and 9 them,” Noroc told CNN. Her 10 with Ala, a student at a self-defense school in Jordan called “She Fighter”, left a lasting impression on her. Ala raises her clenched (紧握) fists as she looks into the 11 while her face is covered by a white hijab (面纱). Noroc describes She Fighter as “the first self-defense school for women in the Arab world”, and writes, “I discovered an amazing initiative and a(n) 12 sisterhood.” In Iran, Noroc met Farnoush, a woman who lives in two worlds. “In one she is an economist, by 13 . In the other, she is an artist, because this is her 14 .” For Noroc, the women’s beauty 15 how natural and comfortable they appear while just being themselves. 1. A. drawing B. describing C. shooting D. studying 2. A. bring about B. take on C. make up of D. carry on 3. A. a doer B. yourself C. a lover D. itself 4. A. ultimately B. hopefully C. literally D. necessarily 5. A. Inspired B. Shocked C. Disappointed D. Stuck 6. A. kept B. lost C. engaged D. subscribed 7. A. anticipates B. frightens C. approaches D. moves 8. A. women B. youths C. men D. elders 9. A. change B. resolve C. overcome D. ignore 10. A. opinion B. encounter C. quality D. schedule 11. A. eye B. camera C. case D. glass 12. A. splendid B. terrible C. awkward D. concrete 13. A. profession B. effect C. operation D. sight 14. A. battle B. concern C. moment D. passion 15. A. counts on B. shows off C. ends up D. lies in 第Ⅱ卷（满分65分） 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Advertising 1 (refer) to the activity of promoting a product or service. It has become part of our modern life. Advertising has always been closely linked with the mass media. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement can also create a desire to buy, thus 2 (increase) business. That is 3 when a company wants to promote a product or service, it often launches a mass media advertising campaign. Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people 4 purchasing their products or services. A common technique to make an impact is to create 5 memorable slogan, which uses simple but impressive language to make people remember the product or service. Another technique advertisers often employ is 6 (link) their company or product to a “brand ambassador”. Moreover, some advertisements such as product placement 7 (be) not so obvious. We absorb the marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they 8 (probable) have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. In the future, advertising will be more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific 9 (need). Not only will this make them feel 10 (valued), but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently. 第三部分 写作（共三节，满分50分） 第一节 单句填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 1. The trials on patients were likely to __________ (推迟，延迟) because they did not have sufficient safety data. 2. __________ (循环，再利用) in a scientific way, the kind of rubbish can bring huge profits. 3. After the victory in 2015 World Cup, Lang Ping was __________ (决意，坚决的) to lead the team to the Olympic gold in Brazil. 4. He knew that I was __________ (精力充沛的，有能量的) and dynamic and would get things done once I started something. 5. A boy __________ (逃离，逃走) unhurt when the fire in his room exploded. 6. Children’s day is coming. Look! They are __________ (装饰) the room with flowers and balloons. 7. The Art Gallery of Ontario has one of the world’s largest __________ (收集，收藏物) of sculptures by Henry Moore. 8. Scientists in different countries, working __________ (独立地) of each other, have come up with very similar results. 9. She sees the bar as a starting point and __________ (最终，最后) plans to run her own chain of country inns. 10. Do you feel a sense of __________ (满意，满足) at the end of the working day? 第二节：完成句子（共5小题；每小题3分；共15分。） 1. 信不信由你！伟大音乐家创作的美好音乐，可以让一个人内心平静，从而更容易度过一段艰难时期。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 每年，人们都会举办各种各样的活动庆祝国庆节，从升旗仪式到烟花表演。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 其中一个女人被石头绊倒了，水罐也摔到地上。她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能够使我们了解字宙的起源，而且还会帮助我们更好地走向未来。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我喜欢这部剧，因为它很有趣，而且有一些令人兴奋的曲折，我向大家推荐它。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 第三节 书面表达（共1题，满分25分，书写分5分+内容分20分） 假定你是学校音乐俱乐部的负责人李华，上周俱乐部举行了一场留学生（international students）乐器比赛，请为本周三的颁奖仪式写一篇英文发言稿。内容包括： 1. 表示祝贺；2. 回顾比赛；3. 你的期望。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024学年第二学期期末教学质量检测模拟考 高一英语 本试卷共10页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（满分65分） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Is a picture worth a thousand words? We think so! Take a digital photograph that answers this question: Why is Earth Day important to our planet? The winning photographer will receive a digital camera, and the photo will be published in TIME for Kids magazine. Get details below. · The competition is open to students from 8 to 13 years of age. · Judges will look for creativity, photo composition and relation to the Earth Day theme (主题). · Students must include their first name only; their e-mail address; a parent’s, or a teacher’s e-mail address (very important); the location in the photo, and the date when it was taken (must be between June 1, 2022, and March 20, 2023). Competition begins: January 9, 2023. Competition closes: March 20, 2023. · To enter, students should visit timneforkids.com/20/7earthdaycontest and follow instructions to provide an original digital photo. The winner will receive a digital camera. · All entries must follow the official rules for consideration. 1. Who can take part in the Earth Day Photo Competition? A. Professional photographers. B. Students aged 8-13. C. Students and their teachers. D. Students and their parents. 2. As for those who enter the competition, __________. A. they must include their full name B. their photo will be posted on the Internet C. they must provide some basic information about the photo D. both their parent’s and teacher’s email address are necessary 3. Which of the following might meet the requirements? A. A printed photo. B. A photo of a wedding. C. A photo taken on May 20, 2023. D. A photo of river pollution. 【本文大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个以“地球日”为主题的摄影比赛，讲述了相关的参赛要求。 1.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“The competition is open to students from 8 to 13 years of age.(比赛面向8 至13岁的学生。)”可知，8至13岁的学生可以参加该比赛。故选B项。 2.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“…the location in the photo, and the date when it was taken (must be between June 1, 2022, and March 20, 2023)(照片中的位置，以及拍摄日期，必须在2022年6月1日至2023年3月20日之间)”可知，参加比赛的学生需将拍摄照片的地点，日期基本信息标注出来。故选C项。 3.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章中提出的要求“Judges will look for creativity, photo composition and relation to the Earth Day theme.(评委们将寻找创意、照片构图和与地球日主题的关系。)”，“the date when it was taken (must be between June 1, 2022, and March 20, 2023)(拍摄日期，必须在2022年6月1日至2023年3月20日之间)”“provide an original digital photo(提供一张原始数码照片)”可推知，选项D“A photo of river pollution.(河流污染的照片。)”符合要求。故选D项。 B I have a hearing problem, so my son helped me to check in my luggage (行李) at the Dulles International Airport Washington DC. I gave a birthday-quote card pack to a check-in clerk. Her face was lighted up with a smile, thanking me. It was my first time at the Washington DC airport, so my son asked for a wheelchair to make sure I found the boarding gate. The check-in clerk came out from behind the counter (柜台) and requested my wheelchair from the lady managing it. I was thankful for what they did for me. The gate was not an easy find for me. My son made the right decision to have the wheelchair. I was greatly thankful for his love and care for me. At the security check, they let me pass with my watch, belt and shoes on. At the boarding gate, I said that I have a hearing problem and asked an airport official to let me know when my turn to board arrived. Immediately, she helped me to board the plane. I was thankful to her. On the plane, the middle seat next to me was empty. The lady seated near the window was trying to sleep. I gave up my seat so that she could sleep comfortably. I took the seat in the first row of the section where there was plenty of leg room and no other passenger seated next to me. Kindness paid me back. On the plane, a little girl dropped a colour pen. I picked it up and gave it to her. Later on, while she was sleeping, she dropped her pillow (枕头) several times, and I put it near her. I try to be of use to those around me, even though I am a bit disabled myself and sometimes even need others’ help. 4. Why did the author’s son help her board the plane? A. She carried too many things. B. She had a problem with communication. C. She was too old to walk alone. D. She travelled by air for the first time. 5. Which word can best describe the author’s son? A. Brave. B. Honest. C. Thoughtful. D. Hardworking. 6. What did the author ask the airport official to do? A. Remind her when her boarding time came. B. Return the wheelchair to the counter. C. Find a comfortable seat for her. D. Push her to the plane in the wheelchair. 7. Why did the author give up her seat? A. To make the lady near her sleep comfortably. B. To sit in the first row. C. To play with the little girl. D. To have more leg room. 【本文大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一个听力有问题的人，在儿子以及机场工作人员的帮助之下，顺利登机。登机之后，作者也用同样的善意行为帮助照顾坐在身边的人。 4.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“I have a hearing problem, so my son helped me to check in my luggage at the Dulles International Airport Washington DC.(我听力有问题，所以我儿子帮我在华盛顿特区杜勒斯国际机场托运行李。)”可知，儿子帮助作者登机是因为作者的听力有问题，在交流方面有困难。故选B项。 5.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“It was my first time at the Washington DC airport, so my son asked for a wheelchair to make sure I found the boarding gate.(这是我第一次到华盛顿特区机场，所以我儿子要了一辆轮椅，以确保我能找到登机闸口。)”以及第三段内容“My son made the right decision to have the wheelchair. I was greatly thankful for his love and care for me.(我儿子要求轮椅的决定是正确的。我非常感谢他对我的爱和照顾。)”可知，儿子为了让作者登机方便，向机场要求了轮椅，而结果也证明这个决定是正确的，由此可推知，儿子是一个考虑周到的人。故选C项。 6.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“At the boarding gate, I said that I have a hearing problem and asked an airport official to let me know when my turn to board arrived.(在登机闸口，我说我听力有问题，并让机场工作人员告诉我何时轮到我登机。)”可知，作者请机场工作人员提醒自己何时登机。故选A项。 7.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Later on, while she was sleeping, she dropped her pillow several times, and I put it near her. I try to be of use to those around me…(后来，当她睡着的时候，她把枕头掉了好几次，我把它放在她旁边。我努力着对周围的人有用……)”可知，女孩在睡着之后，几次枕头掉落，作者帮忙捡起来，且结合作者的表述可知，作者想要对周围的人有用，由此可推知，这是作者对于女孩“有用”的表现方式，即，在女孩需要时，给予帮助，照顾她。故选A项。 C There’s no doubt that football is the global sport. Though basketball, tennis, and other sports are popular too, nothing comes close to football. Being played in every country in the world, football provides dozens of superstars. The numbers are greater when compared to any other sport, and this drives the popularity of football up. Have you ever wondered when the sport started and became popular? Football has its origin (起源) in China and has a history of more than 2,000 years. However, modern football originally appeared in Britain in the 19th century. Folk football matches had been played before in many cities and towns, but never on a professional level. Football became a winter sport game played in different schools. The rules were carried out by each school, and this made it difficult for players to play an official game with each other. It all changed in 1849 at the University of Cambridge that invented a set of standard rules known as the Cambridge rules of football. From that moment, a new star sport was born. By the early 20th century, football had spread all across Europe. In 1904, FIFA was set up. There are seven original members, including France, Denmark and Spain. FIFA became the governing body for many associations in Europe. England’s international success improved the popularity of the sport in the country. The league (联赛) in Britain was set up in 1992. From the 1990s, it became a truly impressive piece of football organization, becoming the world’s top football league in the process. Football is obviously the most popular sport in the world. It is impossible for any other sport to take its place, especially with leagues spending billions of pounds every year to stay in the focus. 8. What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 1? A. To describe the unpopularity of football. B. To introduce the topic of the text. C. To debate the main idea of the text. D. To introduce famous football leagues. 9. Where did modern football first start? A. In China. B. In France. C. In Britain. D. In Spain. 10. Why was it difficult to play an official game before 1849? A. The rules always changed. B. There were no common rules. C. The season made players hard to win. D. Officials made players misunderstand the rules. 11. How is the text mainly developed? A. By time order. B. By space order. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving examples. 【本文大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了足球作为一项全球性运动有其历史渊源以及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。 8.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Have you ever wondered when the sport started and became popular?(你有没有想过这项运动是什么时候开始并流行起来的？)”可知，作者撰写第一段的目的是介绍文章的主题。故选B。 9.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“However, modern football originally appeared in Britain in the 19th century. (然而，现代足球最初出现在19世纪的英国)”可知，现代足球从英国开始，故选C。 10.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“The rules were carried out by each school, and this made it difficult for players to play an official game with each other. (规则由各校执行，这使得玩家之间很难进行正式比赛)”可知，在1849年之前很难进行正式比赛是因为没有共同的规则。故选B。 11.【答案】A 【及诶西】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了足球作为一项全球性运动有其历史渊源以及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。从文章中出现的年代顺序2,000以前——1849——1904——1992可知，文章主要是按时间顺序展开的。故选A。 D Although social media can be enjoyable and beneficial, online relationships simply cannot replace real life connection. But simply being in the flesh with someone does not make a lasting, meaningful relationship, which got me thinking: what, exactly, does? My search to answer this question took me back more than 2,000 years to Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics. What I found couldn’t be more insightful, and it rings just as true today as it must have then. Aristotle writes that there are three different kinds of friendship: FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY, in which one or both of the parties gain something as a result of the friendship (think: much of the modern “networking” enterprise, or becoming friends with someone because you think they can help you). FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE, or those centered around pleasant experiences (think: people with whom you can have a good, carefree time). FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE, in which both individuals share the same values (think: people whom you admire and respect, and with whom you share what you find most important in life). It’s fascinating that, centuries ago, Aristotle offered that many individual often pursue friendships primarily for utility. And it’s easy to see that some things never change. Likewise, he wrote, “Those who love because of what is good for themselves, and those who love because of pleasure do so because of what is pleasant to themselves. Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable, is not permanent but is always changing; thus, when the reason for the friendship is done away, the friendship is dissolved.” It’s OK to have some friendships mainly for utility and pleasure, but it’s important to realize that these fill a different purpose and are likely to have a shorter lifespan than one built upon shared virtue. And it is the friendships based on virtue that are worth protecting and cherishing. But they require considerable energy to maintain -- as Aristotle wrote, “lack of conversation has broken many a friendship”—but what you get out of these friendships easily outweighs what you put in. 12. What is the author’s attitude towards Aristotle’s grouping of friendship? A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 13. How does the author illustrate Aristotle’s three kinds of friendship? A. By giving examples. B. By offering instructions. C. By making comparisons. D. By drawing conclusions. 14. Why can’t friendship based on utility and pleasure last long? A. Because there are always other friends around. B. Because people only consider their own benefits. C. Because people’s pursuit is not always the same. D. Because different people make friends for different reasons. 15. According to Aristotle, how can one keep a longer friendship? A. Spend face-to-face time with your friends. B. Keep talking to the ones with shared values. C Value the advantages you get out of a friend. D Create a pleasant atmosphere for a conversation. 【本文大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要分析了基于不同利益的友谊，认为只有建立在美德的友谊才值得保护和珍惜。 12.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What I found couldn’t be more insightful, and it rings just as true today as it must have then.(我的发现非常有见地，在今天听起来和当时一样正确。)”可知，作者认为亚里士多德对友谊的见地今天听起来和当时一样的正确，结合倒数第三段中的“It’s fascinating that, centuries ago, Aristotle offered that many individual often pursue friendships primarily for utility. And it’s easy to see that some things never change.(有趣的是，几个世纪前，亚里士多德提出许多人追求友谊主要是为了功利。很容易看出，有些事情永远不会改变。)”可知，亚里士多德提出的友谊的目的主要是为了功利，作者认为这是永远不会改变的，由此可以推断，作者多亚里士多德对友谊的看法是支持的态度。故选A项。 13.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Aristotle writes that there are three different kinds of friendship(亚里士多德写道，有三种不同的友谊)”以及下文中的“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY(基于效用的友谊)”、“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE(基于快乐的友谊)”以及“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE(基于美德的友谊)”可知，作者列举了亚里士多德的三种不同的友谊并进行简单的分析，由此可推断，作者是通过举例子来阐述亚里士多德的三种友谊。故选A项。 14.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Likewise, he wrote, “Those who love because of what is good for themselves, and those who love because of pleasure do so because of what is pleasant to themselves. Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable, is not permanent but is always changing; thus, when the reason for the friendship is done away, the friendship is dissolved.”(同样地，他写道：“爱的人是为了自己的好处，爱的人是为了自己的快乐。然而，人们觉得有用或愉快的东西，不是永久的，而是一直在变化的;因此，当友谊的原因消失了，友谊也就消失了。”)可知，基于利益和快乐的友谊不是永恒的而是多变的，所以，利益和快乐消失的时候，友谊也就消失了。故选C项。 15.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据尾段中的And it is the friendships based on virtue that are worth protecting and cherishing. But they require considerable energy to maintain—as Aristotle wrote, “lack of conversation has broken many a friendship”—but what you get out of these friendships easily outweighs what you put in.(而建立在美德基础上的友谊才是值得保护和珍惜的。但它们需要相当大的精力来维持——正如亚里士多德所写的那样，“缺乏交谈已经毁掉了许多友谊”——但你从这些友谊中获得的东西很容易就超过了你投入的东西。)可知，认为只有基于美德的友谊值得珍惜和拥有，缺乏交流破坏了友谊，所以，要想保持长久的友谊，需要的是与有共同价值观的人进行交流。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Your homework habits might be affecting your grades. 1 However, you can change the way you feel by taking better care of your mind and your body. Use a planner. Do you know that poor organization skills can reduce your final scores by a whole letter grade? 2 Who can afford to score a big fat “0” on a paper, just because we get lazy and don’t pay attention to the due date? Nobody wants to get an “F” because of forgetfulness. Communicate with parents. It sounds simple enough, but students don’t always realize how much parents can stress out about this. 3 Whenever parents see a small sign of potential failure, they may be afraid of its potential to become a big failure. 4 Studies show that teens’ natural sleep patterns are different from those of adults. This often causes them to have trouble going to sleep at night, and have trouble waking up in the mornings. You can avoid some of the problems by changing some of your night time habits. Improve your memory. A great way to improve homework habits is to improve your memory with brain exercise. 5 Ancient accounts show that early Greek orators (演说家) used the “loci” method of remembering long speeches. You may be able to use this method to enhance your memory at test time. A. Get the sleep that you need. B. Parents are concerned about your success. C. Never sleep later than your parents at night. D. There are many ideas about improving memories. E. You may feel bored when it comes to homework time. F. Students often do their homework late at night every day. G. That’s why you should learn how to use a day planner the right way. 【本文大意】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何培养健康的写家庭作业习惯提出了一些建议。 1.【答案】E 【解析】由“However, you can change the way you feel by taking better care of your mind and your body.”可知，然而，你可以通过更好地对待你的身心健康来改变你的感觉。所以小题1既要与下一句构成转折关系，又要对上句进行解释。故E选项“当涉及到家庭作业时间时，你可能会感到厌烦”切题。故选E项。 2.【答案】G 【解析】由“Do you know that poor organization skills can reduce your final scores by a whole letter grade”可知，你知道吗，糟糕的组织能力会让你的最终成绩降低整整一个字母等级。所以小题2要说明前一句就是为什么你应该学会如何用正确使用一日计划的原因。故G选项“这就是为什么你应该学会如何正确使用一日计划的原因”切题。故选G项。 3.【答案】B 【解析】由“Whenever parents see a small sign of potential failure, they may be afraid of its potential to become a big failure.”可知，每当父母看到一个潜在失败的小迹象，他们可能会害怕它成为一个大的失败。所以小题3要总述父母关心你的失败，然后在接着具体说。故选B项。 4.【答案】A 【解析】由“studies show that teens’ natural sleep patterns are different from those of adults. This often causes them to have trouble going to sleep at night, and have trouble waking up in the mornings. You can avoid some of the problems by changing some of your night time habits”可知，研究表明，青少年的睡眠模式与成年人不同。这经常导致他们晚上难以入睡，早上难以醒来。你可以通过改变你的一些夜间习惯来避免一些问题。所以本段主要在说要获得你需要的睡眠也就是小题4本段的标题所要说明的内容。故A选项“获得你需要的睡眠”切题。故选A项。 5.【答案】D 【解析】由Ancient accounts show that early Greek orators used the “loci” method of remembering long speeches可知，古代的记载表明，早期的希腊演说家使用“loci”方法来记忆长篇演讲。所以小题5要总述有很多关于提高记忆力的办法。然后在具体分说。故D选项“有很多关于提高记忆力的办法”切题。故选D项。 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分。） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Society has certain standards for beauty. But Romanian photographer Mihaela Noroc, who spent nearly four years 1 photos of women from around the world, is challenging these standards. She believes that beauty can 2 many forms. “Beauty just means being 3 ,” Noroc told NPR, “I don’t think we have to change ourselves to be in a certain way; I think we just have to keep ourselves as we are and don’t 4 need to change.” 5 by a trip to Africa in 2013, Noroc has traveled to more than 50 countries and regions since then. In 2017, she published a book called The Atlas of Beauty: Women of the World in 500 Portraits to show how many different kinds of beauty there are in the world. From a struggling Russian dancer to a talkative cafe owner in New York, Noroc’s subjects (拍摄对象) 6 her in deep conversation. Noroc found out what 7 them, what their daily struggles and joys are, and what brings beauty into their own lives. “No matter where I go, it’s the 8 that carry all the culture and traditions of a place. I really try to focus on women’s stories, how they face challenges and 9 them,” Noroc told CNN. Her 10 with Ala, a student at a self-defense school in Jordan called “She Fighter”, left a lasting impression on her. Ala raises her clenched (紧握) fists as she looks into the 11 while her face is covered by a white hijab (面纱). Noroc describes She Fighter as “the first self-defense school for women in the Arab world”, and writes, “I discovered an amazing initiative and a(n) 12 sisterhood.” In Iran, Noroc met Farnoush, a woman who lives in two worlds. “In one she is an economist, by 13 . In the other, she is an artist, because this is her 14 .” For Noroc, the women’s beauty 15 how natural and comfortable they appear while just being themselves. 1. A. drawing B. describing C. shooting D. studying 2. A. bring about B. take on C. make up of D. carry on 3. A. a doer B. yourself C. a lover D. itself 4. A. ultimately B. hopefully C. literally D. necessarily 5. A. Inspired B. Shocked C. Disappointed D. Stuck 6. A. kept B. lost C. engaged D. subscribed 7. A. anticipates B. frightens C. approaches D. moves 8. A. women B. youths C. men D. elders 9. A. change B. resolve C. overcome D. ignore 10. A. opinion B. encounter C. quality D. schedule 11. A. eye B. camera C. case D. glass 12. A. splendid B. terrible C. awkward D. concrete 13. A. profession B. effect C. operation D. sight 14. A. battle B. concern C. moment D. passion 15. A. counts on B. shows off C. ends up D. lies in 【本文大意】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了罗马尼亚摄影家Mihaela Noroc。她拍摄不同地方的女性，并出版了相册。她聚焦于女性，和不同地方的女性深入交流。她关注世界各地女性的生存状态，倡导女性成为自我，并致力于阐释女性美的多元性。 1.【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但罗马尼亚摄影师Mihaela Noroc花了近四年时间拍摄来自世界各地的女性照片，她正在挑战这些标准。A. drawing画；B. describing描述；C. shooting射击，拍摄；D. studying学习，研究。根据该句中的photographer“摄影师”可知，Mihaela Noroc是一名摄影师，所以是拍摄了很多女性照片。故选C。 2.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她相信美可以有多种形式。A. bring about引起；B. take on承担，具有；C. make up of构成；D. carry on继续。根据第三段“In 2017, she published a book called The Atlas of Beauty: Women of the World in 500 Portraits to show how many different kinds of beauty there are in the world.”可知，2017年，她出版了一本名为《美丽地图集：500幅世界女性肖像》的书，为了展示世界上有多少种不同的美。所以她相信美具有很多形式。故选B。 3.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词和反身代词词义辨析。句意：Noroc告诉美国国家公共电台：“美就是做你自己，我认为我们不必以一定的形式改变自己；我认为我们只需要保持自己本来的样子，并不一定需要改变。”A. a doer实干家；B. yourself你自己；C. a lover情人，爱好者；D. itself它自己。根据下文的“I think we just have to keep ourselves as we are”可知，Noroc认为我们就应该做自己，这样就是美的。故选B。 4.【答案】D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Noroc告诉美国国家公共电台：“美就是做你自己，我认为我们不必以一定的形式改变自己；我认为我们只需要保持自己本来的样子，并不一定需要改变。”A. ultimately最终，根本上；B. hopefully有希望地；C. literally按照字面意义地，真正地；D. necessarily必定，必要地。根据上文“I don’t think we have to change ourselves to be in a certain way”可知，Noroc说我们不必改变自己，necessarily与前面的have to同义，上下文呼应。故选D。 5.【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：受2013年非洲之旅的启发，从那以后，Noroc到过50多个国家和地区。A. Inspired受启发；被鼓舞；B. Shocked被震惊；C. Disappointed失望；D. Stuck被卡住。根据句意可知，Noroc在去过非洲时受到了启发，之后才又去了50多个国家和地区。故选A。 6.【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从挣扎的俄罗斯舞蹈家到纽约健谈的咖啡馆老板，Noroc的拍摄对象与她进行了深入的对话。A. kept保持；B. lost丢失；C. engaged参加，聘请；D. subscribed订阅。根据下文“Noroc found out what 7 them, what their daily struggles and joys are, and what brings beauty into their own lives.”可知，Noroc通过和拍摄对象进行谈话，了解到她们生活中的感动、为之奋斗和高兴的事以及什么给她们的生活带来了美。engage sb. in sth.意为“（使）从事，参加”符合句意。故选C。 7.【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Noroc弄清楚了是什么感动了她们，她们每天的奋斗和快乐是什么，是什么给她们的生活带来了美丽。A. anticipates预期；B. frightens使害怕；C. approaches靠近；D. moves移动，感动。根据此句中的“struggles, joys和what brings beauty into their own lives”可知，作者了解到的是能给她们生活带来美丽的东西，包括让她们感动的事。故选D。 8.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论我去哪里，都是女性承载着一个地方的所有文化和传统。A. women女士；B. youths青少年；C. men男士；D. elders长者。根据下文的“I really try to focus on women’s stories”可知，Noroc聚焦女性故事，因为女性承载着一个地方的文化和传统，前后句呼应。故选A。 9.【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的很努力关注女性的故事，她们如何面对挑战并克服它们。A. change改变；B. resolve解决（问题或困难），决定；C. overcome克服；D. ignore忽视。空格后的them指代的是challenges“挑战”，overcome challenges意为“克服挑战”符合题意。故选C。 10.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她与Ala的相遇给她留下了深刻的印象，Ala是约旦一所名为“她斗士”的自卫学校的学生。A. opinion意见；B. encounter邂逅；C. quality质量；D. schedule计划（表）。根据下文的“Ala raises her clenched (紧握) fists as she looks into the 11 ”可知，Noroc为Ala拍照了，前提是她们相遇了。故选B。 11.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ala抬起她紧握的拳头，看着照相机，她的脸被白纱遮住。A. eye眼睛；B. camera照相机；C. case事例；D. glass玻璃。根据上文可知，Noroc是一名摄影师，为不同地方的女性拍照，所以这里也是在为Ala女士拍照，所以这里指的是看向照相机。故选B。 12.【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我发现了一种惊人的主动性和一种灿烂的姐妹情谊。”A. splendid极佳的，灿烂的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. awkward令人尴尬的；D. concrete具体的。分析句子结构可知，“a(n) 12 sisterhood”与上文“an amazing initiative”为and连接的并列结构，所以空格处应与amazing“惊人的，了不起的”的意思相近，splendid“极佳的，灿烂的”符合题意。故选A。 13.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个世界里，就职业来说，她是一位经济学家。A. profession职业；B. effect作用，影响；C. operation操作；D. sight视力。该句中的economist“经济学家”是一种职称，所以by profession“就职业来说”，符合题意。故选A。 14.【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在另一个世界里，她是一个艺术家，因为这是她热衷的爱好。A. battle战役；B. concern担心，关心；C. moment片刻；D. passion热情，热衷的爱好。根据句意及选项可知，Farnoush有两个身份，一个身份是经济学家，这是她的职业，另一个身份是艺术家，这是因为她的爱好。故选D。 15.【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于Noroc来说，女性的美在于她们在做自己的同时，表现得多么自然和舒适。A. counts on指望；B. shows off炫耀；C. ends up结束；D. lies in在于。根据第二段“She believes that beauty can 2 many forms.”可知，Noroc认为美有多种存在形式，此句说的在做自己的同时表现得自然舒适就是美的一种存在形式。故选D。 第Ⅱ卷（满分65分） 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Advertising 1 (refer) to the activity of promoting a product or service. It has become part of our modern life. Advertising has always been closely linked with the mass media. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement can also create a desire to buy, thus 2 (increase) business. That is 3 when a company wants to promote a product or service, it often launches a mass media advertising campaign. Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people 4 purchasing their products or services. A common technique to make an impact is to create 5 memorable slogan, which uses simple but impressive language to make people remember the product or service. Another technique advertisers often employ is 6 (link) their company or product to a “brand ambassador”. Moreover, some advertisements such as product placement 7 (be) not so obvious. We absorb the marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they 8 (probable) have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. In the future, advertising will be more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific 9 (need). Not only will this make them feel 10 (valued), but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently. 【本文大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是广告以及广告的常见技巧。 1.【答案】refers 【解析】考查时态。句意：广告是指推销产品或服务的活动。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Advertising，谓语用三单形式。故填refers。 2.【答案】increasing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了使人们了解产品或服务外，成功的广告还可以产生购买欲望，从而促进业务发展。此处为thus doing sth.表示“因此做某事”，表示前面的行为或情况导致了后面的结果。故填increasing。 3.【答案】why 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么当一家公司想要推广一种产品或服务时，它通常会发起一场大众媒体广告活动。引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，应用why。故填why。 4.【答案】into 【解析】考查解析。句意：基于产生购买欲望背后的心理学，广告商开发了说服人们购买他们的产品或服务的方法。persuade sb. into (doing) sth.意为“劝说某人做某事”。故填into。 5.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：产生影响的一个常见技巧是创造一个令人难忘的口号，它使用简单但令人印象深刻的语言让人们记住产品或服务。slogan为泛指，且memorable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 6.【答案】to link 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：广告商经常采用的另一种技术是将他们的公司或产品与“品牌大使”联系起来。说明主语的内容，此处用不定式作表语。故填to link。 7.【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：此外，一些广告，如植入式广告，不那么明显。陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语与some advertisements保持一致，用复数。故填are。 8.【答案】probably 【解析】考查副词。句意：我们吸收了营销信息而没有考虑太多，但它们可能会在我们下次购物时对我们产生影响。修饰动词短语have an effect on应用副词probably，故填probably。 9.【答案】needs 【解析】考查名词。句意：在未来，广告将更多地了解个人客户，并向他们发送针对特定需求的广告。Need意为“需求”，为可数名词。specific needs意为“特定需求”。故填needs。 10.【答案】more valued 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这不仅会让他们感到更有价值，而且还会帮助公司更有效地定位他们的客户。作表语，根据下文的“more efficiently”可知，此处表示“更有价值”应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more valued。 第三部分 写作（共三节，满分50分） 第一节 单句填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 1. The trials on patients were likely to __________ (推迟，延迟) because they did not have sufficient safety data. 【答案】be postponed 【解析】句意：患者试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。“推迟”应用动词postpone，且此处用be likely to do表示“可能会做某事”，postpone和The trials逻辑上是被动关系，因此用postpone的不定式被动语态。故填be postponed。 2. __________ (循环，再利用) in a scientific way, the kind of rubbish can bring huge profits. 【答案】Recycled 【解析】句意：用科学的方法回收，这种垃圾可以带来巨大的利润。句中谓语是can bring，空格处用非谓语动词，rubbish和recycle之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Recycled。 3. After the victory in 2015 World Cup, Lang Ping was __________ (决意，坚决的) to lead the team to the Olympic gold in Brazil. 【答案】determined 【解析】句意：在2015年世界杯夺冠后，郎平下定决心要带领队伍在巴西赢得奥运金牌。be determined to do sth.意为“决心做某事”，空白处在句子作谓语，句子陈述过去发生的事情，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填determined。 4. He knew that I was __________ (精力充沛的，有能量的) and dynamic and would get things done once I started something. 【答案】energetic 【解析】句意：他知道我精力充沛、充满活力，一旦我开始做事，就会把事情做好。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，形容词energetic符合题意，作表语。故填energetic。 5. A boy __________ (逃离，逃走) unhurt when the fire in his room exploded. 【答案】escaped 【解析】句意：一名男孩在房间起火时安然逃生。“逃脱”是主句谓语，用动词escape，与主语A boy之间是主动关系，结合句意和时间状语从句中exploded可知，句中讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态。故填escaped。 6. Children’s day is coming. Look! They are __________ (装饰) the room with flowers and balloons. 【答案】decorating 【解析】句意：儿童节快到了。快看！他们正在用鲜花和气球装饰房间。根据汉语提示可知应填动词decorate。根据空格前的Look!，及结合are可知，此处需用现在进行时。故填decorating。 7. The Art Gallery of Ontario has one of the world’s largest __________ (收集，收藏物) of sculptures by Henry Moore. 【答案】collections 【解析】句意：安大略省的艺术画廊拥有世界上最大的亨利·摩尔的雕塑收藏之一。根据句意和汉语提示，应填名词collection“收藏”作宾语，根据空格前的one of可知，此处名词需用复数形式，故填collections。 8. Scientists in different countries, working __________ (独立地) of each other, have come up with very similar results. 【答案】independently 【解析】句意：不同国家的科学家在各自独立工作的情况下得出了非常相似的结果。根据中文提示词可知，此处需用副词independently，修饰空格前的working。根据句意及句子结构，故填independently。 9. She sees the bar as a starting point and __________ (最终，最后) plans to run her own chain of country inns. 【答案】eventually 【解析】句意：她将这家酒吧视为一个起点，并最终计划经营自己的乡村旅馆连锁店。分析可知，空处为副词作状语，表示“最终”为eventually。故填eventually。 10. Do you feel a sense of __________ (满意，满足) at the end of the working day? 【答案】satisfaction 【解析】句意：在一天的工作结束时，您是否有满足感？根据中文提示词可知，此处需用名词satisfaction。a sense of satisfaction意为“满足感”。根据句意及句子结构，故填satisfaction。 第二节：完成句子（共5小题；每小题3分；共15分。） 1. 信不信由你！伟大音乐家创作的美好音乐，可以让一个人内心平静，从而更容易度过一段艰难时期。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Believe it or not, the beautiful music created by great musicians can calm a person’s heart and make it easier to get through a difficult period. 【解析】根据汉语意思可知，句子的主语为“美好的音乐”，“伟大的音乐家创作的”为定语修饰音乐。表示“美好的”用beautiful，“音乐”为music；“创作”create为动词；此处与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，所以需要使用过去分词，“由……创作”用介词by；“音乐家”为musician，此处应该使用复数；所以句子的主语为The beautiful music created by great musicians。表示“能够，可以”用情态动词can，“使……平静”用calm，“内心”为heart，所以“可以让一个人内心平静”翻译为can a person’s heart。“使得……做某事”为make it + adj. + to do sth.，it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正宾语，“更容易的”为easier，“度过”为get through；“困难的”为difficult，“时期”为period，所以“从而更容易度过艰难时期”翻译为make it easier to get through a difficult period。故答案为Believe it or not, the beautiful music created by great musicians can calm a person’s heart and make it easier to get through a difficult period. 2. 每年，人们都会举办各种各样的活动庆祝国庆节，从升旗仪式到烟花表演。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Every year, people celebrate National Day with a variety of activities, ranging from flag-raising ceremony to fireworks. 【解析】表示“每年”应用every year，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。主语“人们”译为people，谓语部分是“庆祝国庆节”，根据时间状语可知，用一般现在时，译为celebrate National Day，“通过各种各样的活动”译为with a variety of activities，介词短语作方式状语，“从升旗仪式到烟花表演”译为ranging from flag-raising ceremony to fireworks，现在分词作后置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，修饰名词activities。故译为：Every year, people celebrate National Day with a variety of activities, ranging from flag-raising ceremony to fireworks. 3. 其中一个女人被石头绊倒了，水罐也摔到地上。她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away in tears. 【解析】根据语境可知，句子陈述过去事实，应用一般过去时。表示“被石头绊倒”可用tripped over the stone；表示“水罐”可用water pot；表示“摔到地上”可用went crashing to the ground；表示“她从地上爬起来”可用she picked herself up；表示“噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了”可用limped away in tears。故翻译为：One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away in tears. 4. 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能够使我们了解字宙的起源，而且还会帮助我们更好地走向未来。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 【解析】句子主句描述一个客观事实，时态需用一般现在时。表示“尽管困难重重”可用介词短语despite the difficulties，despite为介词，后接名词作宾语，位于句首，despite需首字母大写；表示“科学家们”可用名词scientists，作主语，名词复数形式，表示泛指；表示“希望”为动词hope，作主句的谓语动词：“未来的发现不仅能让我们理解宇由的起源，而且还会帮助我们更好地走向未来”可翻译为省略连接词that的宾语从句，宾语从句表示发生在将来的事情，时态需用一般将来时，结构为：will+动词原形；表示“未来的发现”可用名词短语future discoveries，作宾语从句的主语；表示“不仅…….而且.…”可用短语not only...but also…，连接宾语从句的并列谓语；表示“让我们理表示发生在过去的事情，时态需用一般过去时；表示“让我们理解”可用动词短语enable us to understand，作宾语从句的谓语动词；表示“宇宙的起源”可用宾语从句how the universe began，表示发生在过去的事情，时态需用一般过去时，表示“帮助我们更好地走向未来”可用动词短语help us survive well into the future，故翻译为Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 5. 我喜欢这部剧，因为它很有趣，而且有一些令人兴奋的曲折，我向大家推荐它。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I love this show because it’s funny and has some exciting twists and turns. I recommend it to everyone. 【解析】表示“剧”可以用show；表示“有趣”可用funny，作表语；表示“一些令人兴奋的曲折”可用some exciting twists and turns；表示“推荐”可用recommend。根据语境可知，本句可用一般现在时。故翻译为：I love this show because it’s funny and has some exciting twists and turns. I recommend it to everyone. 第三节 书面表达（共1题，满分25分，书写分5分+内容分20分） 假定你是学校音乐俱乐部的负责人李华，上周俱乐部举行了一场留学生（international students）乐器比赛，请为本周三的颁奖仪式写一篇英文发言稿。内容包括： 1. 表示祝贺；2. 回顾比赛；3. 你的期望。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Dear friends, I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our Musio Club. First of all, let’s congratulate the international student instrument competition on its successful conclusion and warmly congratulate the award-winning contestants. During the one week competition, international students actively signed up to participate and demonstrated a high level of music proficiency. In addition, not only did the participating students broaden their horizons but also they made many like-minded friends. I hope that in the future, the school can hold more such activities to enrich our campus life. Wish you an unforgettable time here! Thank you. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为本周三的留学生乐器比赛颁奖仪式写一篇英文发言稿。 1. 词汇积累 荣幸的：honored → privileged 表示：extend → express 难忘的：unforgettable → memorable 另外：in addition → what’s more 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First of all, let’s congratulate the international student instrument competition on its successful conclusion and warmly congratulate the award-winning contestants. 拓展句：First of all, let’s congratulate the international student instrument competition on its successful conclusion and warmly congratulate the contestants who has won awards. [高分句型1] In addition, not only did the participating students broaden their horizons but also they made many like-minded friends.（运用了部分倒装句） [高分句型2] I hope that in the future, the school can hold more such activities to enrich our campus life.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$