Unit 2 Making a Difference 单词讲解 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 2 Book 3 Words and Expressions To learn to pronounce the words correctly To learn and practice some key words contribution n. 贡献；稿件；捐赠物 (C) ；捐助(U) relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰，宽心 （U/sl） □shortage n. 短缺，不足，缺乏 (C/U) □internal adj. 内部的 effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的 fund v. 为……提供资金，资助 n. 基金，专款；资金；基金会 (C) □recycle v. 再利用，回收利用 □fountain n. 喷水池；源泉 earn v. 挣（钱）；博得 donate v. 捐献，捐赠 ~ sth to … break into a smile 1 1. contribution n.贡献；稿件；捐赠物 (C) ；捐助(U) make a contribution to … contribute v. 贡献；投稿；捐赠 contribute (…) to …. 为……贡献……，向……投(稿)，向……捐赠…… contribute to … 导致，促成, 有助于……；向……投稿；向……捐赠; 为……做贡献 ◆单句语法填空 （1）The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions ________the world. （2）The girl is intelligent and often contributes ______ that newspaper. （3）He got promoted for his_____________（contribute） to the company. （4）［词汇复现］The famous writer is one of several authors_____________（contribute） to the book. ◆单句写作 （5） Eating too much and lack of exercise_________ _____（导致）his being too fat. （6） Every one of us should_______ ______ __________（为……做贡献）our society. to to contributions contributing contribute to make a contribution to 2. relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰，宽心 （U/sl） (教材原句 )The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried，is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed. 在病人的皮肤被仔细地清洗和晾干之后，病人所感受到的放松和舒适是在病床上最常见的观察之一。 The doctor said that it was nothing serious. What a relief! To our relief, nobody was injured in the fire. to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是 relieve v. 减轻，缓解 The medicine helps relieve the pain. These programs are aimed at _______________(缓解) unemployment. relieving ◆单句写作 （1）With all the problems resolved，he went home_____ _______（如释重负）. （2）______ _______ ___（让她感到欣慰的是） her younger brother didn’t let her down. （3）_____ _____ （令人欣慰） to see him pull his weight. ◆单句语法填空 （4） She smiled______ relief after she heard her son had been admitted to Tsinghua University. （5)—Don’t worry，Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu. — What______ relief! I’ll tell Dad there’s nothing serious. in relief To her relief It is a relief in a 3.□shortage n. 短缺，不足，缺乏 (C/U) They dug many wells to solve the problem of fresh water shortage. water/food/housing shortage 用水/ 食物 / 住房短缺 the shortage of money 缺钱 There is no shortage of sth. 不缺某物 拓展short的用法： short adj. 短缺的，不足的；短期的；短的；矮的； When things go wrong, he is never short of excuses. He’s a nice guy, but a little short on brains. The letters UN are short for the United Nations. ◆归纳拓展 be short of… 缺乏，缺少（强调状态） fall short of… 缺乏；达不到；不符合（强调动作） be short on … 缺乏……, ……不足 be short for … 是……的缩写 / 简称 in short 简言之，总而言之 … for short 为……的简称，缩写 ◆单句语法填空 （1）It let me down that the scientific research has to stop because of the__________（short） of money. （2）______ short，we must work hard to make the world a better place. （3） BBC is short_______ British Broadcasting Corporation. ◆单句写作 （4） WHO______ ______ _（是……的缩写）World Health Organization. （5） The girl’s name is Catherine，Cathy______ ______（简称）. （6) _______ _______（简言之），I think we should praise him for his contributions to the company. shortage In for is short for for short In short 4. effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的 (教材原句)What solutions are the most effective? (2019北京)Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-27. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our program. Children should be taught to communicate _________(有效). effect n. 影响；效果(C/U) That experience had a great effect on him. ◆单句语法填空 （1）The local government has taken___________（effect） measures to resolve the problem. （2）It is believed that smiling has a positive effect______ a patient’s recovery. （3） Services need to be more___________（effective） organised than they are at present. ◆单句写作 （4） Heavy smoking______ ______ ______ __（对……有害）his health. effective on effectively has a bad effect on 5. □recycle v. 再利用，回收利用 recycling n. (U) _____________(回收利用) waste water is a good idea. These products are made of ____________ (回收利用) paper. Recycling recycling 6. earn v. 挣（钱） ◆ earn money（= make money） 赚钱，挣钱 earn one’s/a living（= make a living） 谋生 earn fame/a reputation 赢得名声 earn sb. sth. 为某人赢得某物 earn one’s respect=earn the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 ◆单句写作 （1）______________ _____ （谋生）is hard for the little boy. （2） You don’t___________ _______ _______（挣大钱）as a teacher，but it is a great career. （3） She showed great devotion to her work and______ _______ ______（赢得了……的尊重）her fellow workers. （4） My teacher’s kindness_______ ______ ______ ______ ________（为他赢得了好名声）. Earning/Making a living earn/make much money earned the respect of earned him a good reputation 6. donate v. 捐献，捐赠 ~ sth to … donation n. 捐赠物(C) ;捐助(U) * donor n. 捐献者(C) 例句： (教材原句)He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. Would you like to make a __________ to our charity appeal? donation ◆单句语法填空 （1） At the news，many people all over the world donated their money _______the earthquake-hit area. （2）［2018·全国Ⅲ卷］I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children__________ (donate) less-used things，and it worked. （3） He made a generous__________（donate）to the charity. It is said that the_______ (donate) is a young person. ◆单句写作 （5） The graduate_______ ______ ____ of ＄5,000______（向……捐献……） the Children’s Hospital. （6） I was surprised to learn that he_________ ＄100 million ____(向…… 捐献……) the university. What a shock! to to donate donation donor made a donation to donated to 7. break into a smile (教材原句)He broke into a joyful smile. break into + n. : ①强行进入，闯入... ②突然开始（大笑，唱歌，欢呼等） ③打断，打岔 When the boy heard the joke , he broke into laughter. Sorry to _________ your lunch , but I must speak to you. break into break into tears 突然哭起来 break into a run 突然飞奔起来 break into the house 强行闯入屋子 break into the movie 打入电影界 联想： break down 出故障；崩溃，垮掉; (会谈等)失败，谈崩；分解 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发 ◆单句写作 （1） When she_______ _______ _____（突然笑起来），I knew that she had forgiven me. （2） The moment he was out of sight，he______ ______ __（突然飞奔起来）. （3） When he got home，he found his house______ _______（破门而入）. ◆单句语法填空 （4） A big fire broke________ last night and its cause is being looked into. （5）When told the bad news，she broke_______ tears. （6） See， your computer has broken_______ again! It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. （7） The band broke_______ about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. broke into a smile broke into a run broken into out into down up □foundation n. 基金会；地基；基础知识 (C);/ 建立，创办(U) □insight n. (C) 顿悟，猛醒；见解；/ (U) 洞察力，领悟力 * perseverance n. 不屈不挠，坚持不懈 (U) □reality n. 真实，现实 (C/U) in reality □extend v. 持续；延伸(时间、范围等)；扩展；舒展；给予 □mission n. 职责；使命；任务，宗旨 (C) disease n. 疾病，病 (C/U) □disability n. 残疾，残障 (C)；/失去能力 (U) □territory n. 地区，地方; 领土，领地；领域 (C/U) □sensitive adj. 敏感的，容易生气的；（话题等）敏感的；过敏的 2 8. □foundation n. (C): 基金会；地基；基础知识; (U): 建立，创办 found v. 建立，创办 （教材原句）UNICED was founded on 11 December 1946. The insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. (P 6) 这种领悟源于一个六岁男孩的决心，他有勇气和毅力使自己的梦想成为现实。 ①The article gives us a real insight into the cause of the present economic crisis. 这篇文章分析目前经济危机的原因，发人深省。 ②With a flash of insight I realized what the dream meant. 8. * insight n. a sudden clear understanding of sth, especially sth complicated 顿悟，猛醒 (C)； 洞察力；领悟力(U) insight into sth洞悉；了解 我突然明白了这个梦意味着什么。 a flash of insight 突然明白，了解 9. □extend v. 持续；延伸(时间、范围等)；扩展；舒展；给予 extension n.(C/U) (教材原句)Since 1953, UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the developing world, including those affected by rapid modernization and environmental problems. The head teacher extended an invitation to the student to visit the campus. 10. □disability n. 残疾，残障(C)；失去能力(U) disable v. 使伤残，使残疾；使(设备等)瘫痪，用不了 disabled adj. 残疾的 The virus will disable your computer. Public places are becoming more accessible to people with _____________(残疾). 更多拓展练习： disability ◆单句语法填空 （1） Making fun of the__________（disable） is something we should never do. （2） Those with__________（disable） should be treated equally. （3） I do think he has both physical and mental__________（disable）. （4）［词汇复现］Only teamwork will_________（able） us to pull our weight. （5） Since the accident，he has committed himself to raising money for people with__________（disable）. disabled disabilities disabilities enable disabilities 11. □sensitive adj. 敏感的，容易生气的；（话题等）敏感的；过敏的 be sensitive to … 对……敏感 This is a sensitive topic; many people are sensitive _______ this topic. to ◆单句语法填空 （1）Compared with his sister，Jerry is even more sensitive_______emotional and relationship problems. （2）He is a__________（sense） and intelligent young man and I think he is fit for the job. （3）They have put up several highly__________（sense） electronic cameras on the road. to sensitive sensitive ◆词语辨析 sensitive 与 sensible ·sensitive意为“敏感的，灵敏的”，指人反应力强。可简单理解为“敏感、易受影响”。 ·sensible 意为“明智的；明显的；意识到的”，指人能做出正确判断，且行为理智、切合实际。 ◆选词填空（sensible/sensitive） （4）Some plants are__________ to light and they prefer shade. （5）I think it is a__________ idea. （6）She is__________ about the topic and we’d better not discuss it before her. （7）It is__________ to buy the most up-to-date version. sensitive sensible sensitive sensible generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的 generosity n. (U) hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫 hesitation n. (C/U) □cancer n. 癌症 (C/U)；/ 弊病，恶习（C） □royal adj. 王室的，皇家的 □institution n. 机构，团体 (C) □assistance n. 帮助，援助 (U) assist v. assistant n. 助理；助手 □registration n. 登记，注册（U） register v. confirmation n. 证实，证明 (C/U) confirm v. （尤通过提供更多证据）证实，证明；确认，证实（消息等） * Nazi n. 纳粹党员，纳粹分子 * Jewish adj. 犹太人的，犹太教的 Jew n. 犹太人 aid v. 帮助，援助 n. 援助，帮助(U)；辅助设施(C) 3 12. hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫 hesitation n. (C/U) Don’t ___________(犹豫) to contact me if you need to know any more information. He agreed without _____________(犹豫). hesitate hesitation ◆单句语法填空 （1）I will not hesitate_______________（recommend） this brand. （2）We hope that you will not hesitate ______（make） us aware of any shortcomings which you may find in this plan. （3）When seeing the drowning girl struggling in the river，he jumped into it to save her without _______（hesitate）. to recommend to make hesitation ◆单句写作 （4）有意见或建议尽管提。 _______ _______ _______make comments or suggestions if you have any. （5）［词汇复现］有任何困难请尽管找知心阿姨。 _______ __________ ______ ______ _______ Agony Aunt if you have any difficulty. （6） 我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。 I didn’t ________ for a moment _______ taking the job. Don’t hesitate to Don’t hesitate to turn to hesitate about 13. □assistance n. 帮助，援助(U) 拓展： assist v. assist sb with sth assist sb in doing sth assistant n. 助理；助手 We offer financial _________ to students. They need someone who can ________ them in planning their careers. assistance assist ◆单句语法填空 （1）With the__________（assist） of the social media，we can get the information we need more quickly. （2）Artificial intelligence has become a brilliant__________（assist） in our daily work. （3）He often assists his mother_______ housework when he is at home. （4）When he was in college，he often assisted his professor in __________（collect） the data of the experiment. assistance assistant with collecting ◆单句写作 （5）When a young man noticed that a girl couldn’t get her cat off the tree，he_______ ________________________（来帮她）. （6）［词汇复现］_______________________（在……的帮助下） his friends，the problem was resolved eventually. to her assistance With the assistance of came 14. □registration n. 登记，注册（U） register v. Please complete your _________________form as soon as possible. How many students __________________(已经注册) for English classes? registration have registered 15. confirmation n. 证实，证明 (C/U) confirm v. (尤通过提供更多证据)证实，证明；确认，证实（消息等） ◆单句语法填空 (1)There has still no official _____________ of the report. (2)I’m calling to ___________a booking for a single room for the night of 6 June. confirmation confirm （3） I am calling___________（confirm） my flight to Hangzhou at 8 o’clock tomorrow. （4） I’m still waiting for____________（confirm） of the test results. to confirm confirmation 16. aid v. 帮助，援助 n. 援助，帮助(U)；辅助设施(C) (教材原句)In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people were escaping from the Nazis. 观察与总结动词aid 用法： Huge projects designed to aid poorer countries can sometimes do more harm than good. 旨在援助贫穷国家的庞大计划有时反而会弊大于利。 aid sb. with sth.  用某物帮助某人 aid sb. to do sth.  帮助某人去做某事 aid sb. in doing sth.  帮助某人做某事 观察与总结： We were still wondering who had aided him with money. I’ll try my best to aid George to continue his study. Mrs. White was aided in looking for her lost son by the police. 观察与总结名词aid 用法： 观察与总结名词aid 用法： We’re collecting money in aid of cancer research. A girl came to the old man’s aid after he fell on the sidewalk. I can’t speak French, but a nice man came to my aid. He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered. aid n. in aid of  用以帮助……；作为帮助……之用 come / go to one’s aid  来/去帮助某人 with the aid of  借助于，通过……的帮助  [拓展]  first aid 急救    hearing aid 助听器   teaching aids 教具 根据括号内的汉语提示，将下列句子补充 完整。（每空一词） 1) The old woman walks _____ _____ _____ _____ a stick (借助于一根棍子). 2) The classmates ______ _____ _____ (帮助他) doing the experiment. 3) The driver got injured and we _____ _____ _____ _____ (去帮助他). aid of aided him in went to his aid  with the □temporary adj. 短期的，短暂的；临时的 temporarily adv. military n. 军队(the) adj. 军事的; 军队的；军用的 rise to one’s feet 站起身来 achievement n. 成绩，成就(C)；实现，达到（U） *knighthood n. (英国的)爵士封号或头衔(C/U) chief adj. 最高级别的，首席的 major adj. 重要的，主要的 treatment n. 治疗；疗法(C/U)；治理，处理（如河流）(C/U); 对待(U) treat v. □obtain v. 获得，得到(尤指通过自身的努力、技能或工作) □drug n. 药物，药材；毒品 (C) □certificate n. 证明书，证书 (C) □ministry n. (政府的)部 (C) further adj. 更多的，附加的 4 ◆单句语法填空 （1）They felt a great sense of ____________to see their children’s ___________（achieve）. （2）They made such a great______________（achieve） and should be awarded. （3）With the goals he set to himself__________（achieve），he made his decision to travel abroad. （4）We all respect him for his______________（achieve） in literature. achievement achievements achievement achieved achievement 17. achievement n. 成绩，成就(C)；实现，达到（U） (教材原句)Later Winton received various honours for his achievement. achieve v. 实现，达到 The boy achieved very good exam results that term. ◆单句写作 （5) 词汇复现］Devoted to his work，Mr Brown finally earned his workmates’ respect by_________ _________（获得成功）. （6) The reason why he_______ ________ _______（取得这么大的成功） is that his father was strict with him from a very young age . made such great achievements achieving success 18. treatment n. 治疗；疗法(C/U)；/治理，处理（如河流）(C/U); /对待(U) treat v. 治疗；疗法；治理，处理（河流）; 对待；款待，招待 treat sb. for sth. 治疗某人的…… treat sb. as... 把某人看作…… treat sb. to sth. 招待某人吃……；用……款待某人 treat sb. with... 以……方式对待某人 ◆单句语法填空 （1）He has recovered from his illness because of the careful__________（treat） of the doctors and nurses. （2）It is likely that the addict will be sent to the__________（treat） centre. （3）She is now__________ treatment in a local hospital. ◆单句写作 （4） I’m surprised to find that my request_______ ____ ______ _______ _______（被当作一个玩笑）. （5） His parents have collected many different drugs to _____ _____ ____ ___ ____ ____ （治疗他的肺癌）. （6） When I visited them last year，they_______ ___ ___ ____ _____ _____ （请我吃了一顿大餐） treatment treatment under is treated as a joke treat him for his lung cancer treated me to a big dinner Finish the related exercises. 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