重点话题13人与社会 历史与社会 阅读理解-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版）

重点话题13人与社会-历史与社会 阅读理解 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） 关于人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解的高二英语词汇、考法和考点，以下是一些详细的分析： 一、词汇积累 在人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解中，高二学生需要掌握以下类型的词汇： 1、社会相关词汇： 如community（社区）、society（社会）、volunteer（志愿者）、sponsor（赞助）、prejudice（偏见）、inequality（不平等）、justice（公正）、civic（公民的）等。 2、历史相关词汇： 如history（历史）、historical（历史的）、event（事件）、era（时代）、period（时期）、civilization（文明）、ancient（古代的）等。 3、其他常见词汇： 如achievement（成就）、location（地点）、battle（战斗）、port（港口）、announce（宣布）、gallery（展览馆）、landscape（风景）、position（位置）等，这些词汇在各类阅读理解中均可能出现。 二、考法考点 在人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解中，需要关注的考法考点主要包括： 1. 细节理解题：这类题目要求学生在文章中直接找到对应的信息，注意关键词的同义替换。例如，在描述一个历史事件时，文章可能会用“occurred”来代替“happened”。 2. 推理判断题：这类题目不能直接从文中找到答案，需要根据文章内容进行合理推断。例如，根据文章描述的社会现象，推断出背后的原因或影响。 3. 主旨大意题：这类题目要求学生概括文章的主要内容，需要把握文章的核心观点和论述重点。通常可以关注文章的首尾段及每段首句来提炼主旨。 4. 词汇辨析：在阅读理解中，近义词、同根词、形似词的辨析是高频考点。例如，“affect”（影响，动词）和“effect”（影响，名词）就需要学生准确区分。 5. 逻辑关系：关注上下文的转折、因果、并列、递进等逻辑。常见的转折词有“but”“however”；因果关系词有“because”“so”“therefore”等；并列词有“and”“or”等。理解这些逻辑关系有助于学生更好地理解文章。 三、备考建议 为了在高二英语人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解中取得好成绩，学生可以采取以下备考建议： 1. 扩大词汇量：通过记忆单词卡片、阅读英文文章等方式不断积累词汇，特别是上述提到的相关词汇。 2. 练习阅读技巧：通过大量的阅读练习来提高阅读速度和理解能力。同时，注意运用上述提到的阅读技巧，如关注文章首尾段、每段首句等。 3. 分析历年真题：通过分析历年真题来了解考试题型和考点分布，从而有针对性地进行复习。 4. 模拟考试环境：在备考过程中，可以模拟真实的考试环境进行练习，以提高应试能力和心态稳定性。 综上所述，高二学生在备考人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解时，需要注重词汇积累、掌握考法考点并采取相应的备考建议。通过不断的练习和积累，相信学生能够在考试中取得优异的成绩。 四、人与社会-历史与社会的故事欣赏 邯郸学步 Once there was a young man from the state of Zhao who lived in a small village. He heard that in the big city of Handan, the way people walked was very elegant and graceful. He wanted to learn this walking style, so he decided to go to Handan to learn how to walk. When he arrived in Handan, he stood by the side of the street and carefully observed how people were walking. He tried to adjust his own walking style to be like theirs. However, he found it difficult to imitate them. He tried for a while, but he always ended up stumbling and falling multiple times. Eventually, he realized he could no longer walk properly at all. He could only crawl back home. Everyone thought he was foolish for trying to learn how to walk like others, but forgetting his own original way of walking. 从前，有个来自赵国的年轻人，住在一个小村庄里。他听说在邯郸这座大城市里，人们走路的姿势十分优雅曼妙。他想要学习这种走路方式，于是决定前往邯郸学习如何走路。 到了邯郸后，他站在街边，仔细观察人们是怎么走路的。他努力调整自己的走路姿势，想要和他们一样。然而，他发现很难模仿到位。他尝试了一段时间，但总是屡屡绊倒摔跤。最后，他意识到自己完全不会正常走路了，只能爬着回家。大家都觉得他很愚蠢，一心想学别人走路，却把自己原本的走路方式给忘了。 塞翁失马 Once upon a time, there lived an old man on the borderlands. He had a beautiful horse. One day, the horse suddenly ran away, and everyone felt sad for the old man. But the old man said, "Maybe this is a good thing!" After a while, the horse came back with a beautiful wild horse! Everyone congratulated the old man for having two horses now. But the old man said, "Maybe this will turn out to be a bad thing!" The old man's son started training the wild horse, but accidentally broke his leg. Everyone came to comfort the old man, but the old man said, "Maybe this is a good thing!" Later, the village called up young men to go to war, but the old man's son couldn't go because of his injured leg. The war was very dangerous, and many young men did not return. But because the son broke his leg, he didn't go to war and stayed safely at home. 从前，在边境地区住着一位老人。他有一匹漂亮的马。一天，这匹马突然跑丢了，大家都为老人感到难过。但老人却说：“这也许是件好事呢！” 过了一段时间，那匹马带着一匹漂亮的野马回来了！大家都恭喜老人，如今他有两匹马了。可老人又说：“这说不定会变成坏事呢！” 老人的儿子开始驯那匹野马，却不小心摔断了腿。大家都来安慰老人，老人还是说：“这也许是件好事呢！” 后来，村里征召年轻人去打仗，老人的儿子因为腿受伤去不了。战争异常凶险，很多年轻人都没能回来。但正是因为儿子摔断了腿，没去打仗，得以平安地待在家里。 阅读理解 （24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期中）In 1925, a deadly epidemic (流行病) struck the small town of Nome, Alaska. The total population of the town was only around 1,400 — seven of whom were dead and 19 of whom were sick. To make matters worse, the nearest source of a cure was hundreds of miles away, across the dangerous Alaskan wilderness. Then, a Siberian husky (a kind of dog) named Balto saved the day. Balto was just one of 150 sled (雪橇) dogs used to deliver medicine to the town through whiteout snow and dangerous ice. And although Balto had never stood out from the rest of the pack (狗群) before, he proved to be surprisingly skillful and tough in the last leg of the journey. Now known as the Nome Serum (血清) Run of 1925, the race began on January 27, 1925, when 300,000 doses of antitoxin (抗毒素) arrived in Nenana by train from Anchorage. The medicine was placed inside a metallic container, and then taken out into the Alaskan wilds by the first sled driver, “Wild Bill” Shannon, who arrived at the first handoff site with injuries caused by the extreme coldness and two of his dogs lost. Eventually, the medicine made its way to Leonhard Seppala, who set out confidently with his 12-year-old sled dog, Togo, leading the pack. Togo led Seppala’ s pack until they reached the next sled driver, Charlie Olson, who then passed it down to Gunnar Kaasen. But Togo no longer led the pack. Instead, Kaasen completed the last leg of the journey with Balto as his frontrunner. Although Kaasen couldn’t even see in the whiteout conditions, and temperatures dropped to around 40 degrees Fahrenheit, Balto pressed on, successfully leading the pack to Nome, with the serum, on February 2. Finally able to rest for the first time since the journey began , Kaasen looked to Balto and said, “What a fine dog!” And with that, Balto became a national hero who remains beloved nearly a century later. 1．What’s the function of paragraph 1? A．To provide background information. B．To inspire the readers’ imagination. C．To introduce a terrible disease. D．To support an argument. 2．What can be learned about the Nome Serum Run of 1925? A．Its exact starting point was in Nome. B．It suffered the loss of a sled driver. C．Its aim was to save the 19 sick people. D．It was completed through teamwork. 3．What did Togo do during the journey? A．He saved the serum from being broken. B．He protected other dogs on the way. C．He served as the guide of Kaasen. D．He led the group for some time. 4．What may be a suitable title for the text? A．The Qualities of a Great Sled Dog B．The Origins of the Alaskan Husky C．Balto — The Hero of the Nome Serum Run D．Nome — The Town That Survived an Epidemic （24-25高二上·陕西西安·期中）It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s from the left. Considering most of the world’s population-men and women-are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left? History really seems to matter here. Button first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts. 5．What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry? A．It fails to consider right-handed people. B．It woks better with men than with women. C．It is different for men’s clothing and women’s. D．It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years. 6．What do we know about the rich men in the 17th century? A．They tended to wear clothes without buttons. B．They were interested in the historical matters. C．They were mostly dressed by servants. D．They drew their swords from the left. 7．Women’s clothes still button from the left today because _________. A．customs are hard to change B．modern women dress themselves C．manufacturers should follow standards D．adopting men’s style is improper for women 8．The passage is mainly developed by _________. A．analyzing cause B．making comparisons C．examining differences D．following the time order （23-24高二上·山东临沂·期末）Humor is the condition of being or seeing funny things. Laughter is the physical expression of it. Laughs take many forms: a chuckle, a giggle and a belly laugh. Humor is a magic medicine that is good for mind and spirit, and laughter is good for the body. “Research suggests humor and laughter activate our bodies to turn down the stress hormones (荷尔蒙) and turn up the happiness hormones as well as the natural pain killers. The positive emotions associated with humor and laughter help reduce the risk of stress-related diseases,” says Dr. David Fessell, a professor at the University of Michigan. During a crisis (危机), a lot of people feel frustrated, as well as pushed and pulled in different directions. They need relief, and laughter becomes a kind of rescue for them. A historical example is “The Wipers Times”, a newspaper put together by British soldiers fighting in Flanders during World War II. The paper reported on the doings of the soldiers as they battled terror (恐惧) on the one hand and boredom on the other. The paper served as a relief for the men to let out their frustrations by including humor. Most British army units also staged musical programs for laughs as well as providing opportunities for the troops to listen to songs that reminded them of their beloved ones back home. Big-name entertainers beginning with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby volunteered their services. Humor and laughter in times of crisis are essential to morale (士气) and reducing stress. Humor and laughter help us build and strengthen social bonds. Leaders can use them to bring people together. We can use humor to transform stressful events positively and encourage ourselves. When we laugh, we remind ourselves that we are not defeated or alone. Use humor to help yourself and others laugh. If you see a funny picture or joke, share it. When you share, you create a communal spirit and that helps us get through crisis. In short, laughing together improves cohesion (凝聚力), something we can all use in tough times. 9．What part do humor and laughter play according to Dr. David Fessell? A．Making us learn things faster. B．Increasing our hormone levels. C．Helping us fight against all diseases. D．Making us feel less pain and pressure. 10．What do you know about “The Wipers Times”? A．It contained humorous words. B．It contained news of big stars. C．It mainly reported the progress of the war. D．It was a government-run newspaper. 11．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．The origin of “The Wipers Times”. B．The measures that end the crisis. C．The life of British soldiers in World War II. D．The importance of humor and laughter in a crisis. 12．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Any difficulty can be laughed at. B．Humor and laughter can make people united. C．There are many ways to strengthen social ties. D．A positive mindset is the key to success. （23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）I grew up in a 15-minute city. Or really, to be more precise, I grew up in a 15-minute neighborhood in a city that was packed with them. The New York essayist A．J. Liebling dismissed. Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 15 minutes. I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters. The 15-minute-city movement was born, or I should say reborn, in Paris, where Mayor Anne Hidalgo built her successful 2020 reelection campaign on the 15-minute goal, and she has done quite a bit to foster (促进) it. Hidalgo is creating 900 miles of bike lanes in the city. She has banned car traffic from some of the pathways along the river Seine. She is changing schoolyards throughout the city into round-the-clock public playgrounds. What exactly makes a 15-minute city, anyway? And is it a new idea or just a slogan? I’m in favor of this goal. But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least. In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons. 13．What was Chicago like in the T950s? A．It had too large a population. B．It was famous for a neighborhood in it. C．It was the academic center of many essayists. D．It was full of well-functioned small communities. 14．What are urban planners devoted to doing now according to the author? A．Repurposing abandoned communities. B．Designing communities similar to those in the past. C．Collecting community designs from the public. D．Publicizing their ideas of community expansion. 15．What does the author think of a 15-minute city? A．It will be hard to achieve. B．It is innovative and practical. C．It will be popular with Americans. D．It is based on a 5-or 10-minute city. 16．According to the author, which one is an important feature of a 15-minute city in the21st century? A．Residents are encouraged to drive their own cars. B．Residents have a closer relationship with each other. C．It promotes a fast-paced lifestyle. D．It is friendly to the environment. （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期末）Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke (中风), new American research has found. Having a better work-life balance is so salutary to health that some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier. For the project, the academics used a two-aspect workplace intervention programme, which they designed to improve the work-life balance. Managers were trained in “strategies to show support for employees’ personal and family lives along with their job performances”. And both managers and staff underwent training “to identify new ways to increase employees’ control over their schedules and tasks”. They tested this approach with an IT firm, which had 555 workers of both sexes who typically earned a moderate salary, and a care company, which had a 973-strong, mainly-female, low-wage workforce. At the start and end of the year-long research project those 1,528 staff underwent checks on their health, such as their blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score（CRS）— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years. The workplace intervention “did not have any significant overall effects on employees’ CRS.” However, it did reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke for those at higher risk to start with. Those employees of the IT company and of the long-term care company saw a reduction in their CRS equal to 5.5 and 10.3 years of age-related changes respectively. Age also played a role. Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees. Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.” 17．What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Beneficial. B．Harmful. C．Unrelated. D．Challenging. 18．Why did researchers calculate participants’ CRS? A．It reduces the chances of a heart attack. B．It is the most significant part of a person’s health. C．It demonstrates the risk of cardiovascular disease. D．It is employed by most companies and workplaces. 19．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．Age played a role in counting each person’s CRS B．Employees over 45 benefited more from the intervention programme than younger ones C．IT company employees were less likely to suffer from heart attacks than care company employees D．the workplace intervention programme had the same effect on the IT company and the care company 20．How does Orfeu Buxton think of the culture of the workplace? A．Neutral. B．Opposed. C．Approved. D．Objective. （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末）Human beings are natural story tellers. In the long tradition, stories hold even deeper meaning - they are vehicle of truth, faith, and moral formation. Yet in many homes today, screens at the dinner table threaten to silence this rich tradition. A device often sits where an open heart with laughter and eye contact should be. Meals are a crucial time in both physical and spiritual lenses. They provide nutrition for the body while also offering an opportunity for meaningful connection with others. Bringing screens into this space introduced distractions, damaging the deep connections that meal time promoters, Studies consistently show that screen use during meals lessens conversation and weakens family bonds. Children especially are sensitive to these moments; they long to be seen, heard, and valued by their parents. When the focus shifts to a screen, the message communicated is that the virtual world matters more than the people in the room. In place of screens, families can return to story-telling - a practice that not only entertains but also forms character and faith. Stories told at the table can include everything from light hearted family experiences to reflections on some classic stories. When families share stories, they teach essential virtue’s like courage, kindness, and perseverance. Children come to understand that life'challenge can be met with faith and that every person’s life is part of a greater story. These moments build trust, especially for children, who need to feel that their thoughts and feelings are valued. A child who grows up being truly heard at the table is more likely to approach their parents with difficult questions or struggled later in life. In a world overflowing with distractions, the family table can be a shelter - a place where stories are shared, trust is built, and love is maintained. Making the dinner table a screen-free zone doesn’t require grand gestured, just simple intentionality. Begin by setting a shared family regulation: no phone’s, tablets, or other device’s at meals. To make it easier, let’s add a touch of ceremony to our meals together. Perhaps it’s lighting a candle or having a rotating (轮流) “story teller of the day” who gets to share a favorite tale. 21．How does the author develop the first paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By telling a story. C．By explaining reasons. D．By making a comparison. 22．Why do children resist the presence of screens during meals? A．They get tired of entertaining videos. B．They emphasise of face-to-face communication. C．They are eager for attention from their parents. D．They are aware of table manners around meal times. 23．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The dietary habits of traditional families. B．The importance of technology in families. C．The benefits of sharing stories during family meals. D．The challenged of raising children in the digital age. 24．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A．Arranging a fixed member to tell stories. B．Banning all electronic device from the home. C．Allowing screens for educational purposed at table. D．Establishing a family rule against device during meals. （24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China — guochao, or “China chic” The term characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China”, which has been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture and aesthetics (美学) offered by homegrown Chinese brands. China-chic came into the spotlight in 2018. Before that, big-name foreign companies, such as NIKE, ADIDAS and PUMA, dominated the world market. But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10-billion-yuan mark since its founding. The trend to embrace domestic brands has since spread rapidly to various sectors and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones and electric vehicles. For example, White Rabbit, whose sweet candy brings back childhood memories for many, launched its perfume and lip balm. “We want White Rabbit to be a brand that young people want to share,” said Shen Qinfeng, the company’s marketing manager. “Now, the guochao trend is moving to the next stage, where its success will rely. First and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition.” according to Kerra Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there’s one thing that won’t change: Behind the craze is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou. 25．What’s the function of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a new trend in China. B．To highlight the popularity of guochao. C．To describe a common scene on the street. D．To show Chinese brands beat foreign companies. 26．Which of the following statements about guochao is correct? A．Li-Ning stimulated the development of guochao. B．Guochao is a new trend popular throughout the world. C．Guochao refers to people’s preference for ancient culture. D．It’s before 2018 that guochao had received great attention. 27．Why did Li-Ning get so much attention during the 2018 New York Fashion Week? A．It took the lead in the similar brands. B．It adopted Western design in its sportswear. C．Its revenue hit the 10-billion-yuan mark that year. D．Its products followed the trend and reflected Chinese elements. 28．What may Kerra Zhou agree with? A．Chinese is still following the western trend. B．Guochao’s success relies on western recognition. C．National pride arouses the passion for guochao. D．Cultural awareness is the key to winning market share. （24-25高二上·陕西延安·期末）It was a sunny Saturday afternoon. Tom, a high school student, was walking home from his part-time job at the local grocery store. He was exhausted after a long day of work but looking forward to a relaxing weekend. As he turned onto his street, he noticed an old man struggling to carry a heavy box. Tom didn’t hesitate for a moment. He quickly walked over to the old man and said, “Sir, let me help you with that.” The old man looked up, surprised and grateful. “Thank you, young man. This box is a bit too much for me.” Together, they managed to lift the box and carry it to the old man’s front door. The old man invited Tom in for a glass of water. As Tom entered the house, he saw that it was filled with all kinds of old books and antiques. The old man, whose name was Mr. Smith, was a retired history teacher. He loved collecting things related to history and sharing his knowledge with others. Over a glass of water, Mr. Smith told Tom fascinating stories about the items in his collection. Tom was completely captivated. He realized that history wasn’t just something you read about in textbooks; it could come alive through these real objects and personal stories. Before leaving, Mr. Smith gave Tom an old history book as a token of his gratitude. That evening, Tom sat at his desk, flipping through the pages of the book. He couldn’t wait to share his experience with his classmates on Monday. Little did he know that this chance encounter would spark a newfound passion for history in him and change the course of his future studies. 29．How did Tom feel when he was walking home? A．Bored. B．Tired but hopeful. C．Anxious. D．Depressed. 30．Why did Tom offer to help the old man? A．Because he was asked to do so. B．Because he wanted to get something in return. C．Because it was his duty as a neighbor. D．Because he was kind-hearted. 31．What can we learn about Mr. Smith? A．He was still teaching history at school. B．He lived alone and had few friends. C．He had a great passion for history. D．He collected things just for fun. 32．What effect did the encounter with Mr. Smith have on Tom? A．He decided to become a history teacher like Mr. Smith. B．He started to dislike his part-time job. C．He developed an interest in history. D．He stopped hanging out with his classmates. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重点话题13人与社会-历史与社会 阅读理解 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） 关于人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解的高二英语词汇、考法和考点，以下是一些详细的分析： 一、词汇积累 在人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解中，高二学生需要掌握以下类型的词汇： 1、社会相关词汇： 如community（社区）、society（社会）、volunteer（志愿者）、sponsor（赞助）、prejudice（偏见）、inequality（不平等）、justice（公正）、civic（公民的）等。 2、历史相关词汇： 如history（历史）、historical（历史的）、event（事件）、era（时代）、period（时期）、civilization（文明）、ancient（古代的）等。 3、其他常见词汇： 如achievement（成就）、location（地点）、battle（战斗）、port（港口）、announce（宣布）、gallery（展览馆）、landscape（风景）、position（位置）等，这些词汇在各类阅读理解中均可能出现。 二、考法考点 在人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解中，需要关注的考法考点主要包括： 1. 细节理解题：这类题目要求学生在文章中直接找到对应的信息，注意关键词的同义替换。例如，在描述一个历史事件时，文章可能会用“occurred”来代替“happened”。 2. 推理判断题：这类题目不能直接从文中找到答案，需要根据文章内容进行合理推断。例如，根据文章描述的社会现象，推断出背后的原因或影响。 3. 主旨大意题：这类题目要求学生概括文章的主要内容，需要把握文章的核心观点和论述重点。通常可以关注文章的首尾段及每段首句来提炼主旨。 4. 词汇辨析：在阅读理解中，近义词、同根词、形似词的辨析是高频考点。例如，“affect”（影响，动词）和“effect”（影响，名词）就需要学生准确区分。 5. 逻辑关系：关注上下文的转折、因果、并列、递进等逻辑。常见的转折词有“but”“however”；因果关系词有“because”“so”“therefore”等；并列词有“and”“or”等。理解这些逻辑关系有助于学生更好地理解文章。 三、备考建议 为了在高二英语人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解中取得好成绩，学生可以采取以下备考建议： 1. 扩大词汇量：通过记忆单词卡片、阅读英文文章等方式不断积累词汇，特别是上述提到的相关词汇。 2. 练习阅读技巧：通过大量的阅读练习来提高阅读速度和理解能力。同时，注意运用上述提到的阅读技巧，如关注文章首尾段、每段首句等。 3. 分析历年真题：通过分析历年真题来了解考试题型和考点分布，从而有针对性地进行复习。 4. 模拟考试环境：在备考过程中，可以模拟真实的考试环境进行练习，以提高应试能力和心态稳定性。 综上所述，高二学生在备考人与社会、历史与社会阅读理解时，需要注重词汇积累、掌握考法考点并采取相应的备考建议。通过不断的练习和积累，相信学生能够在考试中取得优异的成绩。 四、人与社会-历史与社会的故事欣赏 邯郸学步 Once there was a young man from the state of Zhao who lived in a small village. He heard that in the big city of Handan, the way people walked was very elegant and graceful. He wanted to learn this walking style, so he decided to go to Handan to learn how to walk. When he arrived in Handan, he stood by the side of the street and carefully observed how people were walking. He tried to adjust his own walking style to be like theirs. However, he found it difficult to imitate them. He tried for a while, but he always ended up stumbling and falling multiple times. Eventually, he realized he could no longer walk properly at all. He could only crawl back home. Everyone thought he was foolish for trying to learn how to walk like others, but forgetting his own original way of walking. 从前，有个来自赵国的年轻人，住在一个小村庄里。他听说在邯郸这座大城市里，人们走路的姿势十分优雅曼妙。他想要学习这种走路方式，于是决定前往邯郸学习如何走路。 到了邯郸后，他站在街边，仔细观察人们是怎么走路的。他努力调整自己的走路姿势，想要和他们一样。然而，他发现很难模仿到位。他尝试了一段时间，但总是屡屡绊倒摔跤。最后，他意识到自己完全不会正常走路了，只能爬着回家。大家都觉得他很愚蠢，一心想学别人走路，却把自己原本的走路方式给忘了。 塞翁失马 Once upon a time, there lived an old man on the borderlands. He had a beautiful horse. One day, the horse suddenly ran away, and everyone felt sad for the old man. But the old man said, "Maybe this is a good thing!" After a while, the horse came back with a beautiful wild horse! Everyone congratulated the old man for having two horses now. But the old man said, "Maybe this will turn out to be a bad thing!" The old man's son started training the wild horse, but accidentally broke his leg. Everyone came to comfort the old man, but the old man said, "Maybe this is a good thing!" Later, the village called up young men to go to war, but the old man's son couldn't go because of his injured leg. The war was very dangerous, and many young men did not return. But because the son broke his leg, he didn't go to war and stayed safely at home. 从前，在边境地区住着一位老人。他有一匹漂亮的马。一天，这匹马突然跑丢了，大家都为老人感到难过。但老人却说：“这也许是件好事呢！” 过了一段时间，那匹马带着一匹漂亮的野马回来了！大家都恭喜老人，如今他有两匹马了。可老人又说：“这说不定会变成坏事呢！” 老人的儿子开始驯那匹野马，却不小心摔断了腿。大家都来安慰老人，老人还是说：“这也许是件好事呢！” 后来，村里征召年轻人去打仗，老人的儿子因为腿受伤去不了。战争异常凶险，很多年轻人都没能回来。但正是因为儿子摔断了腿，没去打仗，得以平安地待在家里。 阅读理解 （24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期中）In 1925, a deadly epidemic (流行病) struck the small town of Nome, Alaska. The total population of the town was only around 1,400 — seven of whom were dead and 19 of whom were sick. To make matters worse, the nearest source of a cure was hundreds of miles away, across the dangerous Alaskan wilderness. Then, a Siberian husky (a kind of dog) named Balto saved the day. Balto was just one of 150 sled (雪橇) dogs used to deliver medicine to the town through whiteout snow and dangerous ice. And although Balto had never stood out from the rest of the pack (狗群) before, he proved to be surprisingly skillful and tough in the last leg of the journey. Now known as the Nome Serum (血清) Run of 1925, the race began on January 27, 1925, when 300,000 doses of antitoxin (抗毒素) arrived in Nenana by train from Anchorage. The medicine was placed inside a metallic container, and then taken out into the Alaskan wilds by the first sled driver, “Wild Bill” Shannon, who arrived at the first handoff site with injuries caused by the extreme coldness and two of his dogs lost. Eventually, the medicine made its way to Leonhard Seppala, who set out confidently with his 12-year-old sled dog, Togo, leading the pack. Togo led Seppala’ s pack until they reached the next sled driver, Charlie Olson, who then passed it down to Gunnar Kaasen. But Togo no longer led the pack. Instead, Kaasen completed the last leg of the journey with Balto as his frontrunner. Although Kaasen couldn’t even see in the whiteout conditions, and temperatures dropped to around 40 degrees Fahrenheit, Balto pressed on, successfully leading the pack to Nome, with the serum, on February 2. Finally able to rest for the first time since the journey began , Kaasen looked to Balto and said, “What a fine dog!” And with that, Balto became a national hero who remains beloved nearly a century later. 1．What’s the function of paragraph 1? A．To provide background information. B．To inspire the readers’ imagination. C．To introduce a terrible disease. D．To support an argument. 2．What can be learned about the Nome Serum Run of 1925? A．Its exact starting point was in Nome. B．It suffered the loss of a sled driver. C．Its aim was to save the 19 sick people. D．It was completed through teamwork. 3．What did Togo do during the journey? A．He saved the serum from being broken. B．He protected other dogs on the way. C．He served as the guide of Kaasen. D．He led the group for some time. 4．What may be a suitable title for the text? A．The Qualities of a Great Sled Dog B．The Origins of the Alaskan Husky C．Balto — The Hero of the Nome Serum Run D．Nome — The Town That Survived an Epidemic 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1925年，阿拉斯加州诺姆镇爆发流行病，而最近的药品来源在数百英里之外。一只名叫巴尔托的雪橇狗在运送药品到该镇的过程中发挥了关键作用，最终成为国家英雄的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 1925, a deadly epidemic (流行病) struck the small town of Nome, Alaska. The total population of the town was only around 1,400 — seven of whom were dead and 19 of whom were sick. To make matters worse, the nearest source of a cure was hundreds of miles away, across the dangerous Alaskan wilderness.(1925年，一场致命的流行病袭击了阿拉斯加州的小镇诺姆。该镇的总人口只有1400人左右，其中7人死亡，19人患病。更糟糕的是，最近的药品来源在数百英里之外，穿过危险的阿拉斯加荒野)”和第二段中“Then, a Siberian husky (a kind of dog) named Balto saved the day. Balto was just one of 150 sled (雪橇) dogs used to deliver medicine to the town through whiteout snow and dangerous ice.(然后，一只名叫巴尔托的西伯利亚哈士奇(一种狗)挽救了局面。巴尔托只是150只雪橇犬中的一只，它们被用来穿过白雪皑皑的雪地和危险的冰面向小镇运送药品)”可推知，第一段主要介绍了1925年阿拉斯加州诺姆镇爆发流行病的背景情况，包括死亡和患病人数以及药品来源的遥远和危险，为第二段中介绍“名叫巴尔托的西伯利亚哈士奇的英勇事迹”提供了背景信息。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The medicine was placed inside a metallic container, and then taken out into the Alaskan wilds by the first sled driver, ‘Wild Bill’ Shannon, who arrived at the first handoff site with injuries caused by the extreme coldness and two of his dogs lost. Eventually, the medicine made its way to Leonhard Seppala, who set out confidently with his 12-year-old sled dog, Togo, leading the pack.(药品被放在一个金属容器里，然后由第一位雪橇司机‘Wild Bill’Shannon带出阿拉斯加荒野，他在第一个交接点因极度寒冷而受伤，并且失去了两只狗。最终，药品被送到了Leonhard Seppala手中，他满怀信心地带着他12岁的雪橇狗Togo，领着狗群出发了)”和第四段中“Togo led Seppala’ s pack until they reached the next sled driver, Charlie Olson, who then passed it down to Gunnar Kaasen.(Togo领着Seppala的狗群，直到他们到达下一个雪橇司机Charlie Olson那里，然后Charlie Olson把它交给了Gunnar Kaasen)”可知，在运送药品的过程中，多位雪橇司机和他们的狗接力完成了任务，体现了团队合作。因此，1925年诺姆血清运送是通过团队合作完成的。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Togo led Seppala’ s pack until they reached the next sled driver, Charlie Olson (Togo领着Seppala的狗群，直到他们到达下一个雪橇司机Charlie Olson那里)”可知，Togo在旅程中领着Seppala的狗群走了一段路。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中“Then, a Siberian husky (a kind of dog) named Balto saved the day.(然后，一只名叫巴尔托的西伯利亚雪橇犬(一种狗)挽救了局面)”和最后一段中“And with that, Balto became a national hero who remains beloved nearly a century later.(就这样，巴尔托成为了一个国家英雄，近一个世纪后仍然深受人们爱戴)”可知，文章主要讲述了一只名叫巴尔托的雪橇狗在1925年诺姆血清运送中发挥关键作用，最终成为国家英雄的故事。因此，C项“Balto — The Hero of the Nome Serum Run(巴尔托——诺姆血清运送的英雄)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （24-25高二上·陕西西安·期中）It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s from the left. Considering most of the world’s population-men and women-are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left? History really seems to matter here. Button first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts. 5．What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry? A．It fails to consider right-handed people. B．It woks better with men than with women. C．It is different for men’s clothing and women’s. D．It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years. 6．What do we know about the rich men in the 17th century? A．They tended to wear clothes without buttons. B．They were interested in the historical matters. C．They were mostly dressed by servants. D．They drew their swords from the left. 7．Women’s clothes still button from the left today because _________. A．customs are hard to change B．modern women dress themselves C．manufacturers should follow standards D．adopting men’s style is improper for women 8．The passage is mainly developed by _________. A．analyzing cause B．making comparisons C．examining differences D．following the time order 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了男女服装扣子方向不同的历史原因及这一标准难以改变的现状。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. (服装制造商对服装的各种特性都遵循一定的统一标准，这一点也不奇怪。然而，奇怪的是，女性采用的标准与男性的相反)”可知，服装行业标准的令人惊讶之处在于男女服装的标准不同。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Button first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. (17世纪，纽扣首次出现在富人的衣服上，当时有钱的女人都是由仆人打扮的。对于大多数惯用右手的仆人来说，把女衬衫的扣子从左边扣起来会容易些。另一方面，男士衬衫的纽扣从右边扣起也是有道理的。大多数男人自己穿衣服，用右手从左边拔出的剑不太可能被衬衫夹住)”可知，17世纪有钱的男性用右手从左边拔出剑来。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts. (实际上，标准一旦设定，就会抵制改变。在所有女式衬衫都从左边扣扣子的时代，任何一家制造商提供从右边扣扣子的女式衬衫都是有风险的。毕竟，女人们已经习惯了从左边扣扣子的衬衫，她们必须养成新的习惯和技巧来换纽扣，因为任何注意到这一点的人都会认为她们穿的是男衬衫)”可知，女式服装的扣子仍然在左边是因为习惯一旦形成就很难改变。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“So why do women’s clothes button from the left? (那么为什么女性衣服需要从左侧系扣子呢？)”和下文内容可知，文章由一个问题展开，解释了女性衣服需要从左侧系扣子原因。所以本文是通过分析原因的方式展开的。故选A项。 （23-24高二上·山东临沂·期末）Humor is the condition of being or seeing funny things. Laughter is the physical expression of it. Laughs take many forms: a chuckle, a giggle and a belly laugh. Humor is a magic medicine that is good for mind and spirit, and laughter is good for the body. “Research suggests humor and laughter activate our bodies to turn down the stress hormones (荷尔蒙) and turn up the happiness hormones as well as the natural pain killers. The positive emotions associated with humor and laughter help reduce the risk of stress-related diseases,” says Dr. David Fessell, a professor at the University of Michigan. During a crisis (危机), a lot of people feel frustrated, as well as pushed and pulled in different directions. They need relief, and laughter becomes a kind of rescue for them. A historical example is “The Wipers Times”, a newspaper put together by British soldiers fighting in Flanders during World War II. The paper reported on the doings of the soldiers as they battled terror (恐惧) on the one hand and boredom on the other. The paper served as a relief for the men to let out their frustrations by including humor. Most British army units also staged musical programs for laughs as well as providing opportunities for the troops to listen to songs that reminded them of their beloved ones back home. Big-name entertainers beginning with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby volunteered their services. Humor and laughter in times of crisis are essential to morale (士气) and reducing stress. Humor and laughter help us build and strengthen social bonds. Leaders can use them to bring people together. We can use humor to transform stressful events positively and encourage ourselves. When we laugh, we remind ourselves that we are not defeated or alone. Use humor to help yourself and others laugh. If you see a funny picture or joke, share it. When you share, you create a communal spirit and that helps us get through crisis. In short, laughing together improves cohesion (凝聚力), something we can all use in tough times. 9．What part do humor and laughter play according to Dr. David Fessell? A．Making us learn things faster. B．Increasing our hormone levels. C．Helping us fight against all diseases. D．Making us feel less pain and pressure. 10．What do you know about “The Wipers Times”? A．It contained humorous words. B．It contained news of big stars. C．It mainly reported the progress of the war. D．It was a government-run newspaper. 11．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．The origin of “The Wipers Times”. B．The measures that end the crisis. C．The life of British soldiers in World War II. D．The importance of humor and laughter in a crisis. 12．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Any difficulty can be laughed at. B．Humor and laughter can make people united. C．There are many ways to strengthen social ties. D．A positive mindset is the key to success. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．D 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。幽默是好笑的事情存在或看到好笑的事情的状态，而笑声是它的体现。幽默与笑声联系着积极的情感，它能增强人们的凝聚力，有助于人们度过危机。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Research suggests humor and laughter activate our bodies to turn down the stress hormones (荷尔蒙) and turn up the happiness hormones as well as the natural pain killers. The positive emotions associated with humor and laughter help reduce the risk of stress-related diseases(研究表明，幽默和笑声可以激活我们的身体，降低压力荷尔蒙，增加快乐荷尔蒙，以及天然的止痛药。与幽默和笑声相关的积极情绪有助于降低与压力有关的疾病的风险)”可知，幽默和笑声可以让我们感觉到更少的痛苦和压力。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“The paper served as a relief for the men to let out their frustrations by including humor.(报纸通过幽默来发泄他们的沮丧，这让他们松了口气)”可知，报纸里包含幽默的话语。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据第三段“A historical example is “The Wipers Times”, a newspaper put together by British soldiers fighting in Flanders during World War II. The paper reported on the doings of the soldiers as they battled terror (恐惧) on the one hand and boredom on the other. The paper served as a relief for the men to let out their frustrations by including humor. Most British army units also staged musical programs for laughs as well as providing opportunities for the troops to listen to songs that reminded them of their beloved ones back home. Big-name entertainers beginning with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby volunteered their services. Humor and laughter in times of crisis are essential to morale(士气) and reducing stress.(历史上的一个例子是《雨刷时报》，这是一份由二战期间在佛兰德斯作战的英国士兵制作的报纸。报纸报道了士兵们一边与恐惧作斗争，一边与无聊作斗争时的所作所为。报纸通过幽默来发泄他们的沮丧，这让他们松了口气。大部分英军部队还举办了欢乐的音乐节目，并为士兵们提供了让他们想起家乡亲人的歌曲的机会。以鲍勃·霍普和宾·克罗斯比为首的知名艺人自愿提供服务。在危机时刻，幽默和笑声对士气和减轻压力至关重要)”可知，本段主要举例说明了幽默和笑声在危机时的重要性。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Humor and laughter help us build and strengthen social bonds. Leaders can use them to bring people together.(幽默和笑声帮助我们建立和加强社会联系。领导者可以利用它们把人们聚集在一起)”可知，幽默与笑声可以使人们团结起来。故选B。 （23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）I grew up in a 15-minute city. Or really, to be more precise, I grew up in a 15-minute neighborhood in a city that was packed with them. The New York essayist A．J. Liebling dismissed. Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 15 minutes. I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters. The 15-minute-city movement was born, or I should say reborn, in Paris, where Mayor Anne Hidalgo built her successful 2020 reelection campaign on the 15-minute goal, and she has done quite a bit to foster (促进) it. Hidalgo is creating 900 miles of bike lanes in the city. She has banned car traffic from some of the pathways along the river Seine. She is changing schoolyards throughout the city into round-the-clock public playgrounds. What exactly makes a 15-minute city, anyway? And is it a new idea or just a slogan? I’m in favor of this goal. But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least. In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons. 13．What was Chicago like in the T950s? A．It had too large a population. B．It was famous for a neighborhood in it. C．It was the academic center of many essayists. D．It was full of well-functioned small communities. 14．What are urban planners devoted to doing now according to the author? A．Repurposing abandoned communities. B．Designing communities similar to those in the past. C．Collecting community designs from the public. D．Publicizing their ideas of community expansion. 15．What does the author think of a 15-minute city? A．It will be hard to achieve. B．It is innovative and practical. C．It will be popular with Americans. D．It is based on a 5-or 10-minute city. 16．According to the author, which one is an important feature of a 15-minute city in the21st century? A．Residents are encouraged to drive their own cars. B．Residents have a closer relationship with each other. C．It promotes a fast-paced lifestyle. D．It is friendly to the environment. 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．A 16．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章首先介绍了15分钟社区的概念，并指出21世纪城市规划者正在试图设计这样的社区。接着以巴黎为例，说明了15分钟城市运动的兴起。最后，文章探讨了15分钟城市的定义、可行性及现实状况，并提出了作者的思考。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 15 minutes. (20世纪50年代的芝加哥是一条无尽而无聊的“工厂、城镇主要街道”。他没有意识到这一点，但他是在赞美这座城市。每条街道都是一个小世界的首都，在这个小世界里，几千名居民可以在15分钟内满足他们所有的日常需求——身体上的、社会上的和精神上的。)”可知，50年代的芝加哥那里到处都是运转良好的小社区。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters. (我忍不住觉得讽刺的是，在21世纪，一些城市规划领域的顶尖人才正在试图设计那些曾经自然存在、无需任何人费心思考的社区。但他们正在努力做这项工作，并且正在赢得支持者。)”可知，城市规划者现在致力于设计类似于过去的社区。故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least. (但它可能没那么简单。我认识的大多数人都不太愿意走整整一英里路去办件事。这就是为什么一些评论家说，如果我们只谈步行，那么5分钟或10分钟城市的想法可能更现实。而至少可以说，要实现这一目标也将困难得多。)”可知，作者认为一个15分钟的城市很难实现。故选A项。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons. (事实上，我们现在就已经有了15分钟城市——我们可以开车在15分钟内到达大多数我们想去的地方。当然，出于各种环境和社会原因，这正是我们需要停止做的。)”可知，21世纪的15分钟城市需要减少汽车使用，进而对环境友好。故选D项。 （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期末）Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke (中风), new American research has found. Having a better work-life balance is so salutary to health that some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier. For the project, the academics used a two-aspect workplace intervention programme, which they designed to improve the work-life balance. Managers were trained in “strategies to show support for employees’ personal and family lives along with their job performances”. And both managers and staff underwent training “to identify new ways to increase employees’ control over their schedules and tasks”. They tested this approach with an IT firm, which had 555 workers of both sexes who typically earned a moderate salary, and a care company, which had a 973-strong, mainly-female, low-wage workforce. At the start and end of the year-long research project those 1,528 staff underwent checks on their health, such as their blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score（CRS）— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years. The workplace intervention “did not have any significant overall effects on employees’ CRS.” However, it did reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke for those at higher risk to start with. Those employees of the IT company and of the long-term care company saw a reduction in their CRS equal to 5.5 and 10.3 years of age-related changes respectively. Age also played a role. Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees. Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.” 17．What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Beneficial. B．Harmful. C．Unrelated. D．Challenging. 18．Why did researchers calculate participants’ CRS? A．It reduces the chances of a heart attack. B．It is the most significant part of a person’s health. C．It demonstrates the risk of cardiovascular disease. D．It is employed by most companies and workplaces. 19．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．Age played a role in counting each person’s CRS B．Employees over 45 benefited more from the intervention programme than younger ones C．IT company employees were less likely to suffer from heart attacks than care company employees D．the workplace intervention programme had the same effect on the IT company and the care company 20．How does Orfeu Buxton think of the culture of the workplace? A．Neutral. B．Opposed. C．Approved. D．Objective. 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．B 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国新研究发现，灵活工作可以降低心脏病或中风的风险。 17．词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke(灵活的工作可以降低心脏病或中风的风险)”以及第二句后面的“some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier(一些灵活工作的员工最终的心脏健康状况与 10 年前相同)”可得知，工作和生活的平衡即灵活的工作对职员的身体健康是有益的，由此可知，划线单词意为“有益的”。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段“The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score（CRS）— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years.(学者们利用这些信息来计算每个人的心脏代谢风险评分（CRS）——他们在未来 10 年内患心血管疾病（诸如心脏病发作）的风险)”这一句破折号后面的内容可得知，研究人员计算参与者的CRS是因为CRS是可以表示患心血管疾病的风险程度的一项指标，故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Employees older than45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees.(45 岁以上的员工比年轻员工更有可能减少。)”可推知，45岁以上的职员得心血管疾病的风险程度比年轻人得心血管疾病的风险程度降低的可能性更大，故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.”(联合首席作者奥尔费·巴克斯顿说，他们的结论应该鼓励雇主让员工更好地平衡工作与生活。“设计干预的目的是改变工作场所的文化，减少员工工作和个人生活之间的冲突，最终改善他们的健康。”)”可得知，Orfeu Buxton是反对这种职场文化的，应该鼓励雇主让员工更好地平衡工作与生活，进行干预，改变工作场所的文化，减少员工工作和个人生活之间的冲突，最终改善他们的健康。故选B。 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末）Human beings are natural story tellers. In the long tradition, stories hold even deeper meaning - they are vehicle of truth, faith, and moral formation. Yet in many homes today, screens at the dinner table threaten to silence this rich tradition. A device often sits where an open heart with laughter and eye contact should be. Meals are a crucial time in both physical and spiritual lenses. They provide nutrition for the body while also offering an opportunity for meaningful connection with others. Bringing screens into this space introduced distractions, damaging the deep connections that meal time promoters, Studies consistently show that screen use during meals lessens conversation and weakens family bonds. Children especially are sensitive to these moments; they long to be seen, heard, and valued by their parents. When the focus shifts to a screen, the message communicated is that the virtual world matters more than the people in the room. In place of screens, families can return to story-telling - a practice that not only entertains but also forms character and faith. Stories told at the table can include everything from light hearted family experiences to reflections on some classic stories. When families share stories, they teach essential virtue’s like courage, kindness, and perseverance. Children come to understand that life'challenge can be met with faith and that every person’s life is part of a greater story. These moments build trust, especially for children, who need to feel that their thoughts and feelings are valued. A child who grows up being truly heard at the table is more likely to approach their parents with difficult questions or struggled later in life. In a world overflowing with distractions, the family table can be a shelter - a place where stories are shared, trust is built, and love is maintained. Making the dinner table a screen-free zone doesn’t require grand gestured, just simple intentionality. Begin by setting a shared family regulation: no phone’s, tablets, or other device’s at meals. To make it easier, let’s add a touch of ceremony to our meals together. Perhaps it’s lighting a candle or having a rotating (轮流) “story teller of the day” who gets to share a favorite tale. 21．How does the author develop the first paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By telling a story. C．By explaining reasons. D．By making a comparison. 22．Why do children resist the presence of screens during meals? A．They get tired of entertaining videos. B．They emphasise of face-to-face communication. C．They are eager for attention from their parents. D．They are aware of table manners around meal times. 23．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The dietary habits of traditional families. B．The importance of technology in families. C．The benefits of sharing stories during family meals. D．The challenged of raising children in the digital age. 24．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A．Arranging a fixed member to tell stories. B．Banning all electronic device from the home. C．Allowing screens for educational purposed at table. D．Establishing a family rule against device during meals. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．C 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在现代社会中，屏幕在餐桌上越来越普遍，这对传统的家庭交流和故事讲述产生了负面影响。 21．推理判断题。文章第一段首先提出“Human beings are natural story tellers. (人类是天生的故事讲述者。)”，随后文章提到“In the long tradition, stories hold even deeper meaning—they are vehicle of truth, faith, and moral formation. (在漫长的传统中，故事承载着更深层的意义——它们是真理、信仰和道德形成的载体。)”。接着，作者话锋一转“Yet in many homes today, screens at the dinner table threaten to silence this rich tradition. (然而，在当今的许多家庭中，餐桌上的屏幕正威胁着要扼杀这一丰富的传统。)”可知，作者是在对比过去故事讲述的传统与现在屏幕带来的改变，突出屏幕对故事讲述传统的冲击。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Children especially are sensitive to these moments; they long to be seen, heard, and valued by their parents. When the focus shifts to a screen, the message communicated is that the virtual world matters more than the people in the room. (孩子们尤其对这些时刻很敏感；他们渴望被父母看到、听到和珍视。当注意力转移到屏幕上时，所传达的信息就是虚拟世界比房间里的人更重要。)”可知，孩子们抵抗用餐时屏幕的存在是因为他们渴望得到父母的关注。故选C。 23．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In place of screens, families can return to story-telling—a practice that not only entertains but also forms character and faith. Stories told at the table can include everything from light hearted family experiences to reflections on some classic stories. When families share stories, they teach essential virtue’s like courage, kindness, and perseverance. Children come to understand that life ‘ challenge can be met with faith and that every person’s life is part of a greater story. These moments build trust, especially for children, who need to feel that their thoughts and feelings are valued. (代替屏幕，家庭可以回归故事讲述——这一实践不仅能带来娱乐，还能塑造性格和信仰。在餐桌上讲述的故事可以涵盖从轻松的家庭经历到对一些经典故事的反思。当家庭分享故事时，他们传授诸如勇气、善良和毅力等基本美德。孩子们开始明白，生活中的挑战可以用信仰来面对，每个人的生活都是更大故事的一部分。这些时刻建立了信任，尤其是对孩子来说，他们需要感受到自己的想法和感受被珍视。)”可知，本段主要讨论的是家庭用餐时分享故事的好处。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Making the dinner table a screen-free zone doesn’t require grand gestured, just simple intentionality. Begin by setting a shared family regulation: no phone’s, tablets, or other device’s at meals. To make it easier, let’s add a touch of ceremony to our meals together. (将餐桌变成一个无屏幕区域不需要大张旗鼓，只需要简单的有意为之。首先设定一个共享的家庭规则：用餐时不得使用手机、平板电脑或其他设备。为了让这更容易实施，让我们在一起用餐时增加一点仪式感。)”可知，作者在最后一段中建议家长制定家庭规则，用餐时禁止使用电子设备。故选D。 （24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China — guochao, or “China chic” The term characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China”, which has been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture and aesthetics (美学) offered by homegrown Chinese brands. China-chic came into the spotlight in 2018. Before that, big-name foreign companies, such as NIKE, ADIDAS and PUMA, dominated the world market. But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10-billion-yuan mark since its founding. The trend to embrace domestic brands has since spread rapidly to various sectors and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones and electric vehicles. For example, White Rabbit, whose sweet candy brings back childhood memories for many, launched its perfume and lip balm. “We want White Rabbit to be a brand that young people want to share,” said Shen Qinfeng, the company’s marketing manager. “Now, the guochao trend is moving to the next stage, where its success will rely. First and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition.” according to Kerra Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there’s one thing that won’t change: Behind the craze is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou. 25．What’s the function of Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a new trend in China. B．To highlight the popularity of guochao. C．To describe a common scene on the street. D．To show Chinese brands beat foreign companies. 26．Which of the following statements about guochao is correct? A．Li-Ning stimulated the development of guochao. B．Guochao is a new trend popular throughout the world. C．Guochao refers to people’s preference for ancient culture. D．It’s before 2018 that guochao had received great attention. 27．Why did Li-Ning get so much attention during the 2018 New York Fashion Week? A．It took the lead in the similar brands. B．It adopted Western design in its sportswear. C．Its revenue hit the 10-billion-yuan mark that year. D．Its products followed the trend and reflected Chinese elements. 28．What may Kerra Zhou agree with? A．Chinese is still following the western trend. B．Guochao’s success relies on western recognition. C．National pride arouses the passion for guochao. D．Cultural awareness is the key to winning market share. 【答案】25．A 26．A 27．D 28．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国国潮时尚趋势的兴起与发展。 25．推理判断题。由文章第一段“If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China — guochao, or “China chic” (如果你环顾你的城市，你可能会在地铁里看到穿着汉服的女孩，或者在街上看到穿着汉字T恤的人。一种新的趋势正在中国生根发芽——“国潮”)”可知，文章第一段的作用是介绍中国的一个新趋势——国潮。故选A。 26．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10-billion-yuan mark since its founding. (但那一年，中国运动品牌李宁改变了局面。在2018年纽约时装周期间，李宁推出了以道教为灵感的悟道系列。该系列不仅外观时尚，还融入了中国传统文化元素。它立即引起了国内外的关注。因此，该公司在2018年实现了20%的利润增长，这标志着该品牌自成立以来的收入首次突破100亿元大关)”可知，李宁品牌刺激了国潮的发展。故选A。 27． 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. (在2018年纽约时装周期间，李宁推出了以道教为灵感的悟道系列。该系列不仅外观时尚，还融入了中国传统文化元素。它立即引起了国内外的关注)”可知，李宁受到了广泛关注是因为其产品跟随潮流并反映了中国元素。故选D。 28．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Now, the guochao trend is moving to the next stage, where its success will rely. First and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition.” according to Kerra Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there’s one thing that won’t change: Behind the craze is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou. (品牌战略咨询公司Kerrisma的创始人Kerra Zhou表示：“现在，国潮趋势正在进入下一个阶段，其成功将取决于。首先，也是最重要的，是获得文化自信，而不是西方认可。”。Zhou补充道：“无论国潮趋势如何发展，有一件事是不会改变的：这股热潮的背后是人们对国家发展的积极态度，以及对民族文化日益增强的信心的认可。”)”可知，Kerra Zhou可能会同意民族自豪感激发了人们对国潮的热情。故选C。 （24-25高二上·陕西延安·期末）It was a sunny Saturday afternoon. Tom, a high school student, was walking home from his part-time job at the local grocery store. He was exhausted after a long day of work but looking forward to a relaxing weekend. As he turned onto his street, he noticed an old man struggling to carry a heavy box. Tom didn’t hesitate for a moment. He quickly walked over to the old man and said, “Sir, let me help you with that.” The old man looked up, surprised and grateful. “Thank you, young man. This box is a bit too much for me.” Together, they managed to lift the box and carry it to the old man’s front door. The old man invited Tom in for a glass of water. As Tom entered the house, he saw that it was filled with all kinds of old books and antiques. The old man, whose name was Mr. Smith, was a retired history teacher. He loved collecting things related to history and sharing his knowledge with others. Over a glass of water, Mr. Smith told Tom fascinating stories about the items in his collection. Tom was completely captivated. He realized that history wasn’t just something you read about in textbooks; it could come alive through these real objects and personal stories. Before leaving, Mr. Smith gave Tom an old history book as a token of his gratitude. That evening, Tom sat at his desk, flipping through the pages of the book. He couldn’t wait to share his experience with his classmates on Monday. Little did he know that this chance encounter would spark a newfound passion for history in him and change the course of his future studies. 29．How did Tom feel when he was walking home? A．Bored. B．Tired but hopeful. C．Anxious. D．Depressed. 30．Why did Tom offer to help the old man? A．Because he was asked to do so. B．Because he wanted to get something in return. C．Because it was his duty as a neighbor. D．Because he was kind-hearted. 31．What can we learn about Mr. Smith? A．He was still teaching history at school. B．He lived alone and had few friends. C．He had a great passion for history. D．He collected things just for fun. 32．What effect did the encounter with Mr. Smith have on Tom? A．He decided to become a history teacher like Mr. Smith. B．He started to dislike his part-time job. C．He developed an interest in history. D．He stopped hanging out with his classmates. 【答案】29．B 30．D 31．C 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了汤姆帮助一位老人并因此对历史产生浓厚兴趣，改变了他未来的学习方向。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He was exhausted after a long day of work but looking forward to a relaxing weekend. (经过一整天的工作，他筋疲力尽，但期待着一个轻松的周末。)”可知，Tom工作一整天后虽累却满怀希望。故选B。 30．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As he turned onto his street, he noticed an old man struggling to carry a heavy box.(当他拐进自家街道时，注意到一位老人正吃力地搬着一个沉重的箱子。)”、第二段中“Tom didn’t hesitate for a moment. He quickly walked over to the old man and said, “Sir, let me help you with that.” (汤姆一刻也没有犹豫。他迅速走到老人面前说：“先生，让我来帮你吧。”)”可知，Tom毫不犹豫地去帮助老人，没有任何功利目的，纯粹是出于好心。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He loved collecting things related to history and sharing his knowledge with others. (他喜欢收集与历史有关的东西，并与他人分享他的知识。)”可知，Mr. Smith热爱收集与历史有关的东西并和他人分享知识，说明他对历史有极大的热情。故选C。 32．细节理解题。由最后一段中“Little did he know that this chance encounter would spark a newfound passion for history in him and change the course of his future studies. (他一点也不知道，这次偶然的相遇激发了他对历史的新热情，并改变了他未来的研究方向。)”可知，这次与 Mr. Smith 的偶遇激发了Tom对历史新的热情，也就是让他对历史产生了兴趣。故选C。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$