专题11 阅读理解新闻报道 -2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题11 阅读理解新闻报道 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 题型01 细节理解题 4 题型02 推理判断题 7 题型03 词义推断题 8 题型04 主旨大意题 9 高考练场 10 · 题型简介 新闻报道是高考英语阅读理解中常见的一种体裁，通常包括消息和通讯两大类。硬新闻指的是具有时效性的客观事实报道，如经济、科研、考古等；软新闻则偏重情感、轻松的社会新闻，不注重时效性。高考英语选用的英语新闻多属于科技及社会新闻。新闻报道的第一句往往为全文的中心句，包含what（事件）、when（时间）、where（地点）和who（人物），而下文则补充事件的过程和细节，包括why（目的或原因）和how（具体过程）。新闻报道的时态一般用过去时；主句、从句结构清晰，语言客观平实。 · 命题类型 · 细节理解题：考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。 · 观点推断题：考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。 · 指代推断题：考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容。 · 主旨归纳题：考查概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。 · 解题思路 · 研读首段，确定中心人物或者事件，把握主题：导语部分提供了丰富的解题线索，包括Who、What、When、Where、Why、How六要素的信息点。 · 直接读题，判断题目类型：在把握文章主题后，直接读题干，了解题目所属类型和所需回答问题的要点和关键词。 · 根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息：细节题可以通过中心人物或事件作为标签，到文章查读含有这个信息的句子；观点推断题可能需要跨越几个段落，所以难度较大。 · 利用新闻的结构特点：新闻报道的结构通常为“标题—导语—正文—结语”，其中导语概括通篇，正文具体描写，结语总结概括。 · 关注语篇衔接手段：新闻报道中会使用很多的语篇衔接手段，尤其是代词的使用，考生需要正确理解这些代词所指代的内容。 题型01 细节理解题 · 精准定位：仔细阅读题目，确定关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），然后在新闻报道中快速定位包含这些关键词的句子或段落。 · 比对信息：将选项与定位到的原文内容逐字比对。注意选项中的细节表述与原文是否完全一致，包括数字、范围、程度等。 Recently, an 84-year-old lady from Huanggang City, central China’s Hubei Province successfully completed a 3,000-meter skydiving challenge at a base in Jingmen City of the province. At her age, Tao Xidi stays in good health and enjoys staying current with new trends. The inspiration to take on a skydiving challenge came to her after she read about a 102-year-old foreign woman who had completed one. Tao’s 63-year-old daughter, an outdoor sports enthusiast, had already done a skydiving challenge before her mother. The daughter, a retired nurse surnamed Guo, fully supported her mother’s idea and registered her at a base in Jingmen. “I have a good understanding of extreme sports, and I believe my mother can successfully complete the challenge. I want to help her realize her dream,” said Guo. On the day of the challenge, Guo drove her mother to the base. Tao was very excited during the journey. Upon reaching the base, Tao signed an agreement and confirmed her good health. Following adequate training and preparation, Tao boarded the airplane with two other tourists and her coach. As the plane ascended to 3,000 meters, Tao flashed a peace sign in front of the camera. Under the guidance of her coach, Tao jumped from the airplane. At 1,500 meters above the ground, the parachute opened. Tao remained calm throughout the process. Seven minutes after the parachute opened, Tao touched down on the ground. “I did it! It was fun! I achieved my dream,” Tao said proudly. Tao’s coach mentioned that Tao, the oldest participant, set a new age record at the skydiving base. A staff member said that the skydiving base had received an increasing number of tourists over 60 years old. 1．What inspired Tao to try skydiving? A．Her daughter’s experiences. B．Her love for extreme sports. C．The pursuit of a long-held dream. D．The story of a foreign elderly lady. 2．What is Guo’s attitude toward Tao’s idea? A．Supportive. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Opposed. 3．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Tao set a new world record for skydiving. B．Tao brought huge popularity to the skydiving base. C．More and more elderly people participate in skydiving. D．Skydiving is the most appealing extreme sport for tourists. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了84岁的来自湖北黄冈的陶喜地女士在荆门的一个基地成功完成3，000米高空跳伞挑战的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The inspiration to take on a skydiving challenge came to her after she read about a 102-year-old foreign woman who had completed one.(在她读到一位102岁的外国妇女完成了跳伞挑战后，她产生了接受这项挑战的灵感。)”可知，在读到一位102岁的外国女士完成了跳伞挑战的故事后，陶女士产生了尝试这项挑战的想法。故选 D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The daughter, a retired nurse surnamed Guo, fully supported her mother’s idea and registered her at a base in Jingmen. “I have a good understanding of extreme sports, and I believe my mother can successfully complete the challenge. I want to help her realize her dream,” said Guo.(女儿姓郭，是一名退休护士，她完全支持母亲的想法，并在荆门的一个基地注册了她。“我对极限运动有很好的了解，我相信我妈妈能成功完成挑战。我想帮助她实现她的梦想。”)”可知，郭女士十分支持母亲的想法，她相信母亲一定能成功完成挑战。故选 A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A staff member said that the skydiving base had received an increasing number of tourists over 60 years old. (一名工作人员表示，跳伞基地接待的60岁以上游客越来越多)”可知，参与跳伞运动的老年人增多了。故选C。 题型02 推理判断题 · 抓住关键信息进行推理：善于捕捉文章中的关键词或短语，利用这些信息进行分析、推理和判断，从而推断出隐含的深层含义。 · 结合语境和常识：利用文章的语境和已知常识进行逻辑推理，如通过语境的褒贬性来推断人物心理、作者意图等。 · 区分观点与事实：明确文章中哪些是作者的观点、态度，哪些是客观事实，避免将作者的观点误认为事实。 Global adult diabetes (糖尿病) cases have doubled to more than 800 million during the past three decades, far exceeding previous estimates, according to new research. A groundbreaking study published in The Lancet this week reveals a healthcare crisis, with more than half of adults over the age of 30 who have diabetes going untreated. Researchers highlighted the need for better diabetes screening and treatment in low-and middle-income countries, which have seen the sharpest rise in cases since 1990. It noted that four nations accounted for more than half of global diabetes cases, India having the most with 212 million cases, followed by China with 148 million, the US with 42 million, and Pakistan with 36 million. Previous WHO (the World Health Organization) estimates had said the total number of global diabetes cases would be 422 million. Pacific island nations, along with parts of the Caribbean, Middle East, and North Africa, reported the highest diabetes rates globally, exceeding 25 percent of adults. Among wealthy Western nations, the US leads with 12.5 percent, followed by the UK with 8.8 percent. While the number of diabetes cases has risen sharply, treatment rates in some regions have remained unsatisfactory, the authors noted, even as some higher-income countries have made significant progress. Senior author Majid Ezzati, a professor at Imperial College London, said, “This is especially concerning as people with diabetes tend to be younger in low-income countries and, in the absence of effective treatment, are at the risk of life-long complications (并发症).” The study provides the first worldwide assessment of diabetes trends, drawing from data of more than 1,000 studies involving more than 140 million adults. ........ 4．What is Majid Ezzati’s attitude toward the current treatment of diabetes in the low-income countries? A．Worried. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Tolerant. 【答案】 4．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在过去三十年里，全球成人糖尿病病例翻了一番，远远超过了之前的估计，为了控制全球糖尿病病情，各国必须紧急采取行动。 4．推理判断题。由第四段Majid Ezzati说的话“This is especially concerning as people with diabetes tend to be younger in low-income countries and, in the absence of effective treatment, are at the risk of life-long complications (并发症).(这尤其令人担忧，因为低收入国家的糖尿病患者往往更年轻，在没有有效治疗的情况下，他们有终身并发症的风险)”可知，Majid Ezzati对低收入国家糖尿病治疗现状感到担忧。故选A项。 In rural South Africa, 16 teams of women, all of us over 50 years old, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies International Football Tournament. It was 13 years in the making, built on dreams and a friendship that crosses continents. The organizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-known community activist and cancer survivor — founded the original team of soccer-playing grandmothers aged 40 to 80, some 15 years ago, to improve their health. At first the locals laughed at them and told them they belonged at home caring for their grandchildren. But a team doctor recorded results from their regular exercise: improved mobility, lowered blood pressure and better digestion. In 2010, the international spotlight landed the team an invitation to travel and play in a tournament in Massachusetts — from yours truly. Like the Grannies, I found soccer later in life and my Lexington, Massachusetts teammates are among my best friends. Beka replied to my invitation without hesitation: “We will come, my sister.” In July 2010, 15 Grannies streamed through the Boston airport. They wowed (博得称赞) us with their dancing on the sidelines of the field and their enthusiasm for life. And during that visit, Beka announced, “Before I die, I want to host a Grannies World Cup.” In March, 2023, Beka’s 13-year wish to host a Grannies international tournament was finally and joyfully met. The tournament, held in the town of Nkowankowa, was intense as France, Zambia, three South African teams, and all three U. S. teams entered the quarterfinals on the fourth and final day. My team would settle for second place, but the U. S. Breakers, also from Massachusetts, held the 3-foot-tall trophy (奖杯) in the air. The goalie (守门员) presented the trophy to Beka and the host Grannies team, without whom this event would never have taken place. We know Beka is the true champion. For me, the Grannies tournament was an extraordinary gift, an experience I will never forget. For all of us, we hold on to our memories of bonding with, our soccer sisters. 1．What can be implied from paragraph 1? A．It took long to make the tournament a reality. B．The tournament aims to help grannies make friends. C．These women’s teams consist of professional football players. D．The tournament caused a stir in the international football community. 2．What can we learn about the original team founded by Beka? A．It was 13 years in the making. B．It received support from the locals. C．It promoted the wellbeing of its members. D．It consisted of middle aged women players. 【答案】1．B 2．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在南非农村，16支由50多岁的女性组成的球队参加了奶奶国际足球锦标赛的首场比赛。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“In rural South Africa, 16 teams of women, all of us over 50 years old, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies International Football Tournament. It was 13 years in the making, built on dreams and a friendship that crosses continents.(在南非农村，16支由50多岁的女性组成的球队参加了这场首场比赛——奶奶国际足球锦标赛。它经历了13年的发展，建立在跨越大陆的梦想和友谊之上。)”可知，比赛的目的之一是帮助老奶奶们交朋友。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The organizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-known community activist and cancer survivor — founded the original team of soccer-playing grandmothers aged 40 to 80, some 15 years ago, to improve their health. (组织者Beka Ntsanwisi是一位著名的社区活动家和癌症幸存者，大约15年前，她成立了一支由40到80岁的老奶奶组成的足球队，以改善她们的健康状况。)”可知，Beka最初创建的团队是为了促进了其成员的福祉。故选C项。 题型03 词义推断题 · 利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。 · 借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义，如通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断。 · 注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义；同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯。 The first and only fungus (真菌) on a global conservation group’s’ “25 Most Wanted List”, the big puma fungus, which is actually quite small, has been found in the rainy mountains of Chile, almost 40 years after it was first documented. The mysterious species of fungi that lives underground in Chile’s Nahuelbuta Mountains had only ever been found in the wild once. An expedition team from the Fungi Foundation in Chile set out for the temperate forests of the Nahuelbutas in May 2023 to retrace the footsteps of Chilean mycologist (真菌学家) Norberto Garrido, who discovered the big puma fungus and described it to Western science in 1988. They timed the expedition to coincide with the exact dates in May that Garrido had hiked the mountains more than 40 years earlier. “It’s possible that the reproductive parts of the big puma fungus — the mushroom — are only fadingly visible above the soil on the same few days each year, which made the timing of the mission a crucial factor,” said Claudia Bustamante, a mycologist and member of the expedition team. ........ 31．What does the underlined phrase “coincide with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Put off. B．Correspond to. C．Work out. D．Deal with. 【答案】 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了时隔40多年，真菌基金会的一个探险队在智利山区发现了大型美洲狮真菌，这对保护工作具有深远意义。 31．词句猜测题。根据第三段中画线短语后的“It’s possible that the reproductive parts of the big puma fungus — the mushroom — are only fadingly visible above the soil on the same few days each year, which made the timing of the mission a crucial factor(很有可能，大型美洲狮真菌的繁殖部分——蘑菇——每年只有在相同的几天才会逐渐在土壤上显现出来，这使得任务的时机成为一个关键因素)”可知，这里是说这支队伍探险的时间和Garrido在40多年前进山的日期完全一致。coincide with意为“与……一致”，和correspond to意思一致。故选B。 题型04 主旨归纳题 · 关注文章的结构和导语：新闻报道通常有明确的结构，如标题、导语、正文和结语。导语部分往往概括了文章的中心内容，是归纳主旨的关键。 · 提炼关键信息：从文章中提取出Who、What、When、Where、Why、How等关键信息，然后对这些信息进行整合，概括出文章的主题。 · 避免以偏概全：不要只关注文章的某个细节或段落，而要全面理解文章的内容，确保归纳的主旨能够涵盖文章的主要内容。 The sustainable village of the future, if Martina Waldemar and Joao Almeida have any say about it, will have solar panels, earthen buildings, and a form of regenerative agriculture that copies nature to produce climate-friendly food. The field hands who work there will earn wages well above what’s standard for this rural area of Portugal. There will be coworking space with fast internet. “The life can be easy,” Mr. Almeida says of his family’s project, which they call Gandum Village. Buying local is one goal of a new project called Rural Revive, a private conservation effort where tourists stay in fashionable, low-impact rooms — and the project is developing into a service center for a desert economy. But the purpose of Rural Revive is not just economic. At the same time, it trains locals such as Elrico Bekeur in horticulture (园艺) and enterprise. Reinhold Mangundu began Rural Revive when he remembers sitting by a bonfire, listening to his father tell him about the forest and birds of his birthplace in his country. Those village fires lit a desire in him to restore and regenerate the earth and wildlife that he could only imagine. “I believe it’s time we start building beautiful stories about the future and use those stories of the future to address our current problems,” he says. ........ 21．What does Paragraph 1 focus on? A．All jobs will be carried out remotely. B．A sustainable life can be enjoyable. C．Climate is friendly to agriculture. D．Eco-friendly villages need high-paid farmers. 【答案】21．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了两个生态村庄项目——Gandum Village和Rural Revive，它们旨在通过可持续的生活方式、再生农业和生态旅游等方式，促进和自然的和谐共生，并解决当前面临的环境和经济问题。 21．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The sustainable village of the future, if Martina Waldemar and Joao Almeida have any say about it, will have solar panels, earthen buildings, and a form of regenerative agriculture that copies nature to produce climate-friendly food. The field hands who work there will earn wages well above what’s standard for this rural area of Portugal. There will be coworking space with fast internet. ‘The life can be easy,’ Mr. Almeida says of his family’s project, which they call Gandum Village.(如果Martina Waldemar和Joao Almeida对此有什么意见的话，未来的可持续村庄将拥有太阳能板、土坯建筑和一种模仿自然生产气候友好型食物的再生农业。在那里工作的田间工人将获得远高于葡萄牙这一农村地区标准的工资。那里还将有带有快速网络的共享工作空间。‘生活可以很轻松，’Almeida先生谈到他家族的项目时说道，他们称之为Gandum Village)”可知，本段主要介绍了Gandum Village这个可持续村庄项目的特点，包括其采用的可持续生活方式和较高的工资待遇，并强调这种生活可以是轻松的。因此，本段主要说明可持续生活可以是令人愉悦的。故选B项。 题型01 细节理解题 【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题 Alibaba Earnings Fall, Sales Rise Alibaba Group’s profit sank in the latest quarter, even as revenue growth picked up due to higher sales in its key e-commerce, cloud and logistics businesses. The Chinese company said Tuesday that net income in its fiscal fourth quarter ended March rose 86% from a year earlier to 3.27 billion yuan, equivalent to $452.1 million, well short of the 15.27 billion yuan expected by analysts in a FactSet poll. Alibaba said the bottom line was hurt by a net loss in investments, during the quarter due to mark-to-market changes (按市值计价变动). Adjusted net profit, which excludes items including share-based compensation expenses, investment gains and losses and some impairments, fell 11% to 24.42 billion yuan, missing analysts’ expectations of 25.47 billion yuan. Quarterly revenue rose 6.6% to 221.87 billion yuan, edging analysts’ estimates of 220.62 billion yuan and outpacing the previous quarter’s 5.1%. Sales at Alibaba’s core domestic e-commerce business, Taobao and Tmall Group, rose 3.7% from a year earlier to 93.22 billion yuan. Its cloud-computing unit, which has trimmed prices in recent months, posted a 3. 4% increase in sales to 25.595 billion yuan, while logistics sales rose 30% to 24.56 billion yuan. The company’s overseas e-commerce unit reported a 45% rise in revenue — after 44% growth in the previous quarter — to 27.45 billion yuan. Chief Executive Eddie Wu said in a conference call that the group expects Alibaba Cloud’s revenue, excluding internal customers, to return to double-digit growth in its fiscal second half, and Taobao’s and Tmall’s gross merchandise value to return to healthy growth in the new fiscal year. Alibaba said its board approved a $4 billion dividend for the 2024 fiscal year. It expects to finish upgrading its Hong Kong listing to primary from secondary by the end of August. Quarterly sales growth was in line with the 6% posted Tuesday by fellow Chinese tech giant Tencent. The social-media and gaming company, which said solid ad sales offset gaming weakness, reported a 62% rise in profit, thanks to rapid growth in its high-margin business. 29．Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of mark-to-market changes on Alibaba? A．It had a negligible effect on the company’s overall finance. B．It significantly improved the company’s net income. C．It mainly affected the company’s investment gains and losses. D．It had no influence on the adjusted net profit. 30．Compared with Alibaba Group’s quarterly sales growth, how was Tencent’s quarterly sales growth? A．Higher. B．Lower. C．Almost the same. D．Not mentioned. 31．According to the bar chart, what is the largest possible ratio (比率) between the most profitable quarter and the least profitable one in the net profit quarters? A．14:1 B．2:1 C．3:1 D．20:1 【答案】29．C 30．C 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了阿里巴巴集团最近一个季度的财务表现及其业务亮点和展望。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Alibaba said the bottom line was hurt by a net loss in investments, during the quarter due to mark-to-market changes (按市值计价变动).(阿里巴巴表示，由于按市值计价的变化，本季度投资出现净亏损，影响了利润。)”可知，最能反映按市值计价的变化对阿里巴巴的影响的陈述是主要影响公司的投资损益。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Quarterly sales growth was in line with the 6% posted Tuesday by fellow Chinese tech giant Tencent.(与中国科技巨头腾讯周二公布的6%的季度销售额增幅一致。)”可知，与阿里巴巴集团的季度销售增长相比，腾讯的季度销售增长几乎一样。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据图表所示，最赚钱的季度是2022年第三季度的大约480亿，赚钱最少的季度是2023年的第四季度的3.27亿，这两个数字的比率是480÷3.27=14.67:1，A选项最接近这个比率，故选A。 题型02 推理判断题 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题 Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral Chinese state media has praised a viral video series telling the story of a jade teapot coming to life and fleeing the British Museum to make its way back home. The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. The new three-part show has triggered a wave of nationalism among viewers, with many praising the creative plot that reduced them to tears by showing how the teapot experienced the happiness of returning to China to see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremony on Tiananmen Square. 3．Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A．China had already demanded the restoration of its cultural relics before the scandal. B．The museum’s awful management and security systems are involved in the scandal. C．The Britain Museum is under pressure to return the cultural relics to China sooner or later. D．A London-based Chinese journalist has contributed a lot to the viral three-part video series. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To appeal to Britain to return China’s cultural objects. B．To introduce a viral video series about a fleeing jade teapot. C．To arouse readers’ concern about Chinese cultural objects abroad. D．To praise Chinese young people’s passion for history and tradition. 【答案】 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. (博物馆的丑闻成为世界各地的头条新闻，并重新唤起了中国媒体早些时候要求归还中国文物的呼声)”可知，这一次大英博物馆文物丢失和损坏的丑闻重新唤起中国媒体要求归还中国文物的呼声。由此推知，在此之前中国已经要求大英博物馆。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章标题“Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral (“从大英博物馆逃跑的中国茶壶”在社交媒体上走红)”和文中内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。所以“介绍一个关于‘逃跑的玉壶’的视频系列”是文章的写作目的。故选B。 题型03 词义推断题 【来源】2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题 A forest in Staffordshire (in the UK) transformed into a hi-tech laboratory. Researchers here are investigating how the trees use carbon, and it’s difficult to find out. In an unusual experiment, extra carbon dioxide is piped to the trees, to create the kind of atmospheric conditions expected in the middle of the century. And instruments measure how the forest reacts.     The scientist in charge says there’s still a lot to learn. And he worries that governments and companies are rushing to plant trees as an easy answer to climate change. “If you try and use trees to tidy up the mess that we’re making through emissions, you are putting those trees into a very rapidly changing climate and they will struggle to adapt,” said Professor Rob MacKenzie, University of Birmingham. This device tracks the movement of carbon dioxide. In a healthy forest, the gas is not only absorbed by the trees but some is released as well. What scientists here are finding out is the way carbon flows into a forest and out of it is a lot more complicated than you might think. So, if mass tree planting is meant to be a solution to tackling climate change, the trees are going to have to be monitored and cared for, over not just decades, but may be centuries as well. ……… 33．The underlined word “some” in the second paragraph refers to __________. A．oxygen B．carbon dioxide C．mess D．purified gas 【答案】 33．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英国斯塔福郡的森林，研究人员利用高科技手段探究树木如何利用碳，并通过向树木输送额外的二氧化碳模拟未来气候条件。尽管种植树木是简单的，但科学家警告政府和公司不要过度依赖此举应对气候变化，强调需谨慎植树以确保森林的健康并适应未来气候。 33．指代猜测题。根据第三段的“This device tracks the movement of carbon dioxide. In a healthy forest, the gas is not only absorbed by the trees but some is released as well. What scientists here are finding out is the way carbon flows into a forest and out of it is a lot more complicated than you might think.(这个装置追踪二氧化碳的运动。在一个健康的森林里，气体不仅被树木吸收，而且一些也被释放出来。科学家们在这里发现的是碳流入和流出森林的方式比你想象的要复杂得多。) ”可知，二氧化碳既被树木吸入又被排出，则some一词指代的是二氧化碳。故选B。 【来源】2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模英语试卷 Most teachers assign novels for students to read not write. But many teachers nationwide are not only asking students to read novels but also giving them a month to write them. Yes, you read that right: one month. However, students participating in November’s National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) do not complain about being overworked. Instead, they have been known to ask, “Can we work on our novels today?” That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules. ……… 6．By “seat-of-your-pants” in paragraph 2, the author means ________. A．the novel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards B．the participants have to stick on their seats for long writing novels C．the participants are free to write whatever novels they can imagine D．the novel writing activity needs new rules for participants to follow 【答案】 6．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了全国小说写作月活动的相关情况，该活动鼓励学生尽情发挥想象力，享受写作的乐趣，充分发挥学生的写作自由。 6．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“it has almost no rules (几乎没有任何规则) ”可知，该小说写作练习没有规则限制学生，结合选项可知，则“参与者可以自由地写任何他们能想到的小说”能够解释seat-of-your-pants。故选C。 题型04 主旨归纳题 【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷 Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. ………. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. “The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director. “We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control.” ………… Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected.” 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．A prospective approach to planting. B．A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C．A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D．A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. 【答案】 24．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。 24．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland.(《泰晤士报》透露，由于政府在帮助创造更多林地方面的延误，近50万棵年轻的橡树将被摧毁，此后这些橡树得以幸存)”、第五段“After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help.(在《泰晤士报》报道了该计划后，全国各地的数十家慈善机构、社区团体和个人与Maelor联系，询问他们是否可以提供帮助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。所以B项A nationwide effort to save oak trees.(全国范围内拯救橡树的努力)符合语境。故选B项。 A （2025年杨浦一模） Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14 years ago. When she told McNee how hard it could be to get students excited about math, her favourite discipline, he made a surprising suggestion: “Why not throw in something they enjoy, like sports?” The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School. When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. “I realized we might be onto something.” The classes, later named BallMatics, soon spread to other schools. “I was terrible at math,” says Douglas, who enrolled in a fast-track summer program. “But once I started BallMatics and realized the sport I loved was directly tied to math, it made me a lot better at it. Every time I played basketball, I was thinking about math.” Almost any math problem, McNee and Mandekic realized, can be taught on the court. Kids can learn how to navigate an X-Y grid to find their next shooting spot or absorb the basic principles of trigonometry based on the angle at which they release the ball. In 2019, McNec and Mandekic established a private high school called Uchenna Academy. At the school, kids with top basketball skills can study all subjects, train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics afterschool programs. Douglas, now 20 and earning a degree in education believes the school’s commitment to academics is the key reason it’s been a winner. “If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,” he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class. “At Uchenna, we were student athletes, not athlete students.” 36. The first two paragraphs are intended to tell the readers ______. A. the origin of BallMatics B. the challenges facing BallMatics C. the start of a lifelong friendship D. the dedication of the young teachers 37. What made Mandekic and McNee realize that they “might be onto something”? A. The students’ progress in their mathematic skills. B. The students’ changed attitude towards math. C. The data collected about the students’ goal percentage. D. The efficiency in determining the winning team. 38. What will happen to the kids who don’t do well in class according to Douglas? A. They will be forbidden to leave any training session. B. They will be obliged to earn a training degree first. C. They will have to attend classes at a private school. D. They will be banned from playing in the game. 39. The best title for the article is ______. A. The Basics of Math B. The Road to Success C. A Sports Principle D. A Numbers Game 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. D 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Dave McNee和Claudia Mandekic将篮球和数学结合起来，创立了BallMatics课程，让学生在享受篮球的同时提高数学能力，并介绍了该课程的发展历程和影响。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School.(将篮球和数学相结合的想法在 2011 年首次得到尝试，当时这两位如今的同事——他们已经创办了一个非营利性的辅导机构——受邀为在乔治中学九年级数学不及格的孩子们举办一个暑期学校项目)”以及第二段中“When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math.(当学生们第一天出现时，他们并不兴奋。在接下来的几个小时里，Mandekic和McNee给孩子们传授了提高投篮水平的技巧，同时也帮助他们计算了投篮命中率——这反过来又教会了他们分数和小数。游戏结束时，根据哪一组的总百分比最高并做了最有效的数学计算来决定获胜的队伍)”可知，前两段主要介绍了BallMatics课程的起源，它源于2011 年Mandekic和McNee的一次暑期教学尝试。故选A项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited.(当学生们第一天来的时候，他们并不怎么兴奋)”和“‘When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,’ says Mandekic. ‘I realized we might be onto something.’(‘当铃声响起时，他们全神贯注于收集数据和计算哪支球队获胜，以至于他们都没有离开，’Mandekic说。‘我意识到我们可能找到了某种方法。’)”可知，是学生们对数学态度的改变让Mandekic和McNee意识到他们“可能找到了某种方法(might be onto something)”。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,’ he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class.(‘如果我们不做作业，我们就不能参加比赛，’他说，并补充说教练会让跟不上课堂的孩子坐冷板凳)”可知，根据Douglas的说法，在课堂上表现不好的孩子将被禁止参加比赛。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011(将篮球和数学结合起来的想法在2011年首次得到尝试)”以及后文关于BallMatics课程的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了Dave McNee和Claudia Mandekic将篮球和数学结合起来，让学生在享受篮球的同时提高数学能力。D项“A Numbers Game (数字比赛)”既体现了文章中的数学元素，又暗示了篮球比赛中的计分和数据分析，与文章主题紧密相关，是最佳标题。故选D项。 B （2025年静安一模） In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them. So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in. “We are totally dependent on ourselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want to live in a mixed community, not just with the elderly. And as long as we can do it here, that’s what we want.” Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away. 36. What is NOT mentioned as a problem the Allens meet with? A. Physical weakness due to the broken bone. B. Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules. C. Failure to handle certain fixing tasks due to limited mobility. D. Difficulty in traveling to public places alone due to physical condition. 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. People like Allens gather to live in a special place for shared elderly caring. B. The government arranges necessary services for people like Allens. C. Senior people give up “aging in place” life mainly out of pressure from children. D. “Aging in place” people pay to have necessary service staff on call. 38. The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. alternative B. fake C. rushed D. joint 39. Which of the following is probably the title of the passage? A. US grey band fights to stay at home B. Attention, US seniors are suffering C. At home vs Nursing home-a hard choice for US seniors D. US adult children, it’s time to care for your parents 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了关于老年人如何在社区中保持独立生活，以及一个由居民自发组织的运动，旨在使社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的现象。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them.(在波托马克河附近的一个小镇上，82岁的George和Anne Allen夫妇正努力留在他们心爱的三层楼房和社区里。Allen先生自从在楼梯上摔倒摔断了脊椎后，走路就一直很困难，而且考虑到他的身体状况，他在驾照到期续签时可能会失去驾驶资格。Allen太太最近下床时不小心弄伤了脚。他们俩都无法爬上梯子去换灯泡，也无法在洗碗池下弯腰修理漏水。如果没有外界的帮助，对他们来说，去商店和公共场所将意味着难以想象的艰难跋涉)”可知，选项A、C和D都是Allen夫妇所遇到的问题。选项B“Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules.(因违反交通规则而可能失去驾照)”并未提及。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away.(为了获得启发，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费——个人580美元，以此换取安全保障，知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到)”可知，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费，以确保知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到。故选D。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Although not the cure — all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______ 做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in.(因此，Allen夫妇与他们的邻居们团结起来，邻居们也同样决心避免因为依赖他人而被迫离开自己的家。与全国100多个社区一样，他们的团体也是致力于让社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的运动的一部分)”以及第四段“Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. (他们的团体已经注册为非营利性公司，正在设定会员费，并正在组织交通、房屋维修、陪伴、安全和其他服务的提供者，以满足他们在家里尽可能长时间生活的需求。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要描述了美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老，即“就地养老”（aging in place），所做的努力和斗争。他们通过自发组织，确保自己能在熟悉的社区环境中养老，而无需被迫搬离到养老院或其他护理机构。选项A“US grey band fights to stay at home”直接反映了文章的主旨，即美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老所做的斗争。其中，“grey band”形象地描述了老年人群体，而“fights to stay at home”则准确地概括了他们的行动和目标，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 C （2025年崇明一模） A recent groundbreaking study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) forecasts massive financial damages due to climate change, projecting annual damages of about $38 trillion ($38 million million) by the year 2050. This figure highlights the severe economic challenges that lie ahead on a global scale, with the greatest impacts expected to burden the countries least responsible for greenhouse emissions (排放). The economic damage, estimated between $19 trillion to $59 trillion by mid-century, primarily stems from increased temperatures and their subsequent impact on agriculture, labor productivity, and infrastructure (基础设施). The study also notes potential increases in costs due to more frequent and severe weather events, which are expected to become more common as global temperatures rise. The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts. Anders Levermann, head of complexity science at PIK and co-author of the study, emphasized the inequity and urgency of the situation. “Countries in the tropics will suffer the most because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefore be most harmful there,” he explained. Levermann argues for a rapid structural shift towards renewable energy to ease these impacts and stabilize global temperatures. When placed alongside other major climate impact forecasts, the PIK study stands out for its comprehensive data analysis and harsh projections. Previous studies have similarly highlighted the economic damages of climate change but lacked the extensive regional and specific insights this study provides. The study strongly advocates for great and immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst of these economic damages. It suggests that slowing climate change is not only a moral and environmental must but also economically advantageous, as the cost of inaction is far greater than the expenses associated with reducing global warming to manageable levels. The socioeconomic consequences of such extensive economic losses could lead to heightened global inequality and potentially, social unrest. This projection stresses the importance of international cooperation in climate action plans and the development of fair policies that recognize and make up for the inequities faced by the less developed nations most affected by climate change. 1．Climate change will cause massive economic damage worldwide by 2050 mainly because _____. A．the average world temperature will increase much faster than expected B．rising temperatures will damage farming, infrastructure and productivity C．big countries will experience economic crises due to more severe weather events D．tropical regions are unprepared to adapt to the damages caused by climate change 2．By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 3, the author means _____. A．poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy B．it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050 C．higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming D．higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts 3．The PIK study arouses the public attention due to _____. A．its rigid climate impact forecasts B．its overall statistics and the severity of its findings C．its different approach to analyzing data D．its similar regional insights on economic damages 4．What does the PIK study imply? A．Fair policies should be established to avoid further rising of temperatures. B．Reducing gas emissions will benefit the environment but harm the economy. C．Inequality should be reduced through cooperation in fighting climate change. D．Wealthy countries should bear the whole cost of coping with global warming. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了波茨坦气候影响研究所（PIK）最近的一项突破性研究预测，气候变化会造成巨大的经济损失，预计到2050年，每年的损失约为38万亿美元。这一数字凸显了全球范围内面临的严峻经济挑战，预计受到最大影响的是对温室气体排放负责最少的国家。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The economic damage, estimated between $19 trillion to $59 trillion by mid-century, primarily stems from increased temperatures and their subsequent impact on agriculture, labor productivity, and infrastructure (基础设施).(到本世纪中叶，经济损失估计在19万亿到59万亿美元之间，主要来自气温升高及其对农业、劳动生产率和基础设施的影响)”可知，到2050年，气候变化将在全球范围内造成巨大的经济损失，主要是因为气温上升将破坏农业、基础设施和生产力。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts.(研究结果揭示了一个令人不安的差异：历史上碳排放量最少的热带地区国家，预计将比那些高收入、高排放的国家遭受60%的收入损失。这凸显了一个重要的气候正义问题，因为这些最不发达国家拥有的资源更少，无法适应日益严重的气候影响)”可知，作者在第3段中所说的“令人不安的差距”是指对排放负责最少的贫穷国家将在经济上遭受最大的损失。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“When placed alongside other major climate impact forecasts, the PIK study stands out for its comprehensive data analysis and harsh projections.(与其他主要气候影响预测相比，PIK的研究以其全面的数据分析和严格的预测而脱颖而出)”可知，PIK的研究因其全面的统计数据和研究结果的严重性引起了公众的关注。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This projection stresses the importance of international cooperation in climate action plans and the development of fair policies that recognize and make up for the inequities faced by the less developed nations most affected by climate change.(这一预测强调了在气候行动计划和制定公平政策方面开展国际合作的重要性，这些政策承认并弥补受气候变化影响最严重的欠发达国家所面临的不平等)”可知，PIK研究暗示了通过合作应对气候变化减少不平等。故选C。 D （2024闵行二模） Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 5．In a search and rescue operation, ________. A．the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B．the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C．weather conditions are a determining factor D．changing currents present a challenge 6．The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A．accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B．dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C．cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D．predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 7．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A．the collection of data B．the testing of the algorithm C．the identification of the TRAPs D．the cooperation of two research teams 8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B．How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C．Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D．Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. (在当今的海上救援行动中，复杂的海洋动力学和天气预报模型被用来预测漂浮物体的路径。然而，对于快速变化的沿海水域，由于边界不确定和数据缺失，这种预测往往不准确。因此，搜索可能会在错误的位置启动，从而造成宝贵的时间损失。)”可知，在搜救行动中，不断变化的洋流是一个很大的挑战。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. (这使得能够快速准确地规划搜索路径，而搜索路径对事故发生时间和地点的不确定性不太敏感。)”和最后一段““Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. (Serra指出：“我们的结果获得得很快，易于解释，而且执行成本低廉。”)”可知，新算法可以对沿海水域中的物体和个人进行成本低但却高效的跟踪。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. (ETH团队与麻省理工学院的一个团队合作，在美国东北海岸玛莎葡萄园附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们新的基于TRAP的搜索算法。该团队利用海岸警卫队可用的相同实时数据，成功地实时识别了该地区的TRAP。他们发现，扔到水中的浮标和人体模型确实很快沿着这些新出现的曲线聚集起来。Haller说：“在这个项目中测试的几种竞争方法中，这是唯一一种始终找到正确位置的算法。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍这项算法的测试。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. (苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组对海岸流的新见解有望增强目前使用的搜救技术。该团队利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法来预测漂浮在水中的物体和人的去向。最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究的第一作者Mattia Serra说：“我们的工作显然有可能挽救生命。”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授George Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题11 阅读理解新闻报道 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 题型01 细节理解题 4 题型02 推理判断题 7 题型03 词义推断题 8 题型04 主旨大意题 9 高考练场 10 · 题型简介 新闻报道是高考英语阅读理解中常见的一种体裁，通常包括消息和通讯两大类。硬新闻指的是具有时效性的客观事实报道，如经济、科研、考古等；软新闻则偏重情感、轻松的社会新闻，不注重时效性。高考英语选用的英语新闻多属于科技及社会新闻。新闻报道的第一句往往为全文的中心句，包含what（事件）、when（时间）、where（地点）和who（人物），而下文则补充事件的过程和细节，包括why（目的或原因）和how（具体过程）。新闻报道的时态一般用过去时；主句、从句结构清晰，语言客观平实。 · 命题类型 · 细节理解题：考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。 · 观点推断题：考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。 · 指代推断题：考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容。 · 主旨归纳题：考查概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。 · 解题思路 · 研读首段，确定中心人物或者事件，把握主题：导语部分提供了丰富的解题线索，包括Who、What、When、Where、Why、How六要素的信息点。 · 直接读题，判断题目类型：在把握文章主题后，直接读题干，了解题目所属类型和所需回答问题的要点和关键词。 · 根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息：细节题可以通过中心人物或事件作为标签，到文章查读含有这个信息的句子；观点推断题可能需要跨越几个段落，所以难度较大。 · 利用新闻的结构特点：新闻报道的结构通常为“标题—导语—正文—结语”，其中导语概括通篇，正文具体描写，结语总结概括。 · 关注语篇衔接手段：新闻报道中会使用很多的语篇衔接手段，尤其是代词的使用，考生需要正确理解这些代词所指代的内容。 题型01 细节理解题 · 精准定位：仔细阅读题目，确定关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），然后在新闻报道中快速定位包含这些关键词的句子或段落。 · 比对信息：将选项与定位到的原文内容逐字比对。注意选项中的细节表述与原文是否完全一致，包括数字、范围、程度等。 Recently, an 84-year-old lady from Huanggang City, central China’s Hubei Province successfully completed a 3,000-meter skydiving challenge at a base in Jingmen City of the province. At her age, Tao Xidi stays in good health and enjoys staying current with new trends. The inspiration to take on a skydiving challenge came to her after she read about a 102-year-old foreign woman who had completed one. Tao’s 63-year-old daughter, an outdoor sports enthusiast, had already done a skydiving challenge before her mother. The daughter, a retired nurse surnamed Guo, fully supported her mother’s idea and registered her at a base in Jingmen. “I have a good understanding of extreme sports, and I believe my mother can successfully complete the challenge. I want to help her realize her dream,” said Guo. On the day of the challenge, Guo drove her mother to the base. Tao was very excited during the journey. Upon reaching the base, Tao signed an agreement and confirmed her good health. Following adequate training and preparation, Tao boarded the airplane with two other tourists and her coach. As the plane ascended to 3,000 meters, Tao flashed a peace sign in front of the camera. Under the guidance of her coach, Tao jumped from the airplane. At 1,500 meters above the ground, the parachute opened. Tao remained calm throughout the process. Seven minutes after the parachute opened, Tao touched down on the ground. “I did it! It was fun! I achieved my dream,” Tao said proudly. Tao’s coach mentioned that Tao, the oldest participant, set a new age record at the skydiving base. A staff member said that the skydiving base had received an increasing number of tourists over 60 years old. 1．What inspired Tao to try skydiving? A．Her daughter’s experiences. B．Her love for extreme sports. C．The pursuit of a long-held dream. D．The story of a foreign elderly lady. 2．What is Guo’s attitude toward Tao’s idea? A．Supportive. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Opposed. 3．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Tao set a new world record for skydiving. B．Tao brought huge popularity to the skydiving base. C．More and more elderly people participate in skydiving. D．Skydiving is the most appealing extreme sport for tourists. 题型02 推理判断题 · 抓住关键信息进行推理：善于捕捉文章中的关键词或短语，利用这些信息进行分析、推理和判断，从而推断出隐含的深层含义。 · 结合语境和常识：利用文章的语境和已知常识进行逻辑推理，如通过语境的褒贬性来推断人物心理、作者意图等。 · 区分观点与事实：明确文章中哪些是作者的观点、态度，哪些是客观事实，避免将作者的观点误认为事实。 Global adult diabetes (糖尿病) cases have doubled to more than 800 million during the past three decades, far exceeding previous estimates, according to new research. A groundbreaking study published in The Lancet this week reveals a healthcare crisis, with more than half of adults over the age of 30 who have diabetes going untreated. Researchers highlighted the need for better diabetes screening and treatment in low-and middle-income countries, which have seen the sharpest rise in cases since 1990. It noted that four nations accounted for more than half of global diabetes cases, India having the most with 212 million cases, followed by China with 148 million, the US with 42 million, and Pakistan with 36 million. Previous WHO (the World Health Organization) estimates had said the total number of global diabetes cases would be 422 million. Pacific island nations, along with parts of the Caribbean, Middle East, and North Africa, reported the highest diabetes rates globally, exceeding 25 percent of adults. Among wealthy Western nations, the US leads with 12.5 percent, followed by the UK with 8.8 percent. While the number of diabetes cases has risen sharply, treatment rates in some regions have remained unsatisfactory, the authors noted, even as some higher-income countries have made significant progress. Senior author Majid Ezzati, a professor at Imperial College London, said, “This is especially concerning as people with diabetes tend to be younger in low-income countries and, in the absence of effective treatment, are at the risk of life-long complications (并发症).” The study provides the first worldwide assessment of diabetes trends, drawing from data of more than 1,000 studies involving more than 140 million adults. ........ 4．What is Majid Ezzati’s attitude toward the current treatment of diabetes in the low-income countries? A．Worried. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Tolerant. In rural South Africa, 16 teams of women, all of us over 50 years old, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies International Football Tournament. It was 13 years in the making, built on dreams and a friendship that crosses continents. The organizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-known community activist and cancer survivor — founded the original team of soccer-playing grandmothers aged 40 to 80, some 15 years ago, to improve their health. At first the locals laughed at them and told them they belonged at home caring for their grandchildren. But a team doctor recorded results from their regular exercise: improved mobility, lowered blood pressure and better digestion. In 2010, the international spotlight landed the team an invitation to travel and play in a tournament in Massachusetts — from yours truly. Like the Grannies, I found soccer later in life and my Lexington, Massachusetts teammates are among my best friends. Beka replied to my invitation without hesitation: “We will come, my sister.” In July 2010, 15 Grannies streamed through the Boston airport. They wowed (博得称赞) us with their dancing on the sidelines of the field and their enthusiasm for life. And during that visit, Beka announced, “Before I die, I want to host a Grannies World Cup.” In March, 2023, Beka’s 13-year wish to host a Grannies international tournament was finally and joyfully met. The tournament, held in the town of Nkowankowa, was intense as France, Zambia, three South African teams, and all three U. S. teams entered the quarterfinals on the fourth and final day. My team would settle for second place, but the U. S. Breakers, also from Massachusetts, held the 3-foot-tall trophy (奖杯) in the air. The goalie (守门员) presented the trophy to Beka and the host Grannies team, without whom this event would never have taken place. We know Beka is the true champion. For me, the Grannies tournament was an extraordinary gift, an experience I will never forget. For all of us, we hold on to our memories of bonding with, our soccer sisters. 1．What can be implied from paragraph 1? A．It took long to make the tournament a reality. B．The tournament aims to help grannies make friends. C．These women’s teams consist of professional football players. D．The tournament caused a stir in the international football community. 2．What can we learn about the original team founded by Beka? A．It was 13 years in the making. B．It received support from the locals. C．It promoted the wellbeing of its members. D．It consisted of middle aged women players. 题型03 词义推断题 · 利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。 · 借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义，如通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断。 · 注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义；同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯。 The first and only fungus (真菌) on a global conservation group’s’ “25 Most Wanted List”, the big puma fungus, which is actually quite small, has been found in the rainy mountains of Chile, almost 40 years after it was first documented. The mysterious species of fungi that lives underground in Chile’s Nahuelbuta Mountains had only ever been found in the wild once. An expedition team from the Fungi Foundation in Chile set out for the temperate forests of the Nahuelbutas in May 2023 to retrace the footsteps of Chilean mycologist (真菌学家) Norberto Garrido, who discovered the big puma fungus and described it to Western science in 1988. They timed the expedition to coincide with the exact dates in May that Garrido had hiked the mountains more than 40 years earlier. “It’s possible that the reproductive parts of the big puma fungus — the mushroom — are only fadingly visible above the soil on the same few days each year, which made the timing of the mission a crucial factor,” said Claudia Bustamante, a mycologist and member of the expedition team. ........ 31．What does the underlined phrase “coincide with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Put off. B．Correspond to. C．Work out. D．Deal with. 题型04 主旨归纳题 · 关注文章的结构和导语：新闻报道通常有明确的结构，如标题、导语、正文和结语。导语部分往往概括了文章的中心内容，是归纳主旨的关键。 · 提炼关键信息：从文章中提取出Who、What、When、Where、Why、How等关键信息，然后对这些信息进行整合，概括出文章的主题。 · 避免以偏概全：不要只关注文章的某个细节或段落，而要全面理解文章的内容，确保归纳的主旨能够涵盖文章的主要内容。 The sustainable village of the future, if Martina Waldemar and Joao Almeida have any say about it, will have solar panels, earthen buildings, and a form of regenerative agriculture that copies nature to produce climate-friendly food. The field hands who work there will earn wages well above what’s standard for this rural area of Portugal. There will be coworking space with fast internet. “The life can be easy,” Mr. Almeida says of his family’s project, which they call Gandum Village. Buying local is one goal of a new project called Rural Revive, a private conservation effort where tourists stay in fashionable, low-impact rooms — and the project is developing into a service center for a desert economy. But the purpose of Rural Revive is not just economic. At the same time, it trains locals such as Elrico Bekeur in horticulture (园艺) and enterprise. Reinhold Mangundu began Rural Revive when he remembers sitting by a bonfire, listening to his father tell him about the forest and birds of his birthplace in his country. Those village fires lit a desire in him to restore and regenerate the earth and wildlife that he could only imagine. “I believe it’s time we start building beautiful stories about the future and use those stories of the future to address our current problems,” he says. ........ 21．What does Paragraph 1 focus on? A．All jobs will be carried out remotely. B．A sustainable life can be enjoyable. C．Climate is friendly to agriculture. D．Eco-friendly villages need high-paid farmers. 题型01 细节理解题 【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题 Alibaba Earnings Fall, Sales Rise Alibaba Group’s profit sank in the latest quarter, even as revenue growth picked up due to higher sales in its key e-commerce, cloud and logistics businesses. The Chinese company said Tuesday that net income in its fiscal fourth quarter ended March rose 86% from a year earlier to 3.27 billion yuan, equivalent to $452.1 million, well short of the 15.27 billion yuan expected by analysts in a FactSet poll. Alibaba said the bottom line was hurt by a net loss in investments, during the quarter due to mark-to-market changes (按市值计价变动). Adjusted net profit, which excludes items including share-based compensation expenses, investment gains and losses and some impairments, fell 11% to 24.42 billion yuan, missing analysts’ expectations of 25.47 billion yuan. Quarterly revenue rose 6.6% to 221.87 billion yuan, edging analysts’ estimates of 220.62 billion yuan and outpacing the previous quarter’s 5.1%. Sales at Alibaba’s core domestic e-commerce business, Taobao and Tmall Group, rose 3.7% from a year earlier to 93.22 billion yuan. Its cloud-computing unit, which has trimmed prices in recent months, posted a 3. 4% increase in sales to 25.595 billion yuan, while logistics sales rose 30% to 24.56 billion yuan. The company’s overseas e-commerce unit reported a 45% rise in revenue — after 44% growth in the previous quarter — to 27.45 billion yuan. Chief Executive Eddie Wu said in a conference call that the group expects Alibaba Cloud’s revenue, excluding internal customers, to return to double-digit growth in its fiscal second half, and Taobao’s and Tmall’s gross merchandise value to return to healthy growth in the new fiscal year. Alibaba said its board approved a $4 billion dividend for the 2024 fiscal year. It expects to finish upgrading its Hong Kong listing to primary from secondary by the end of August. Quarterly sales growth was in line with the 6% posted Tuesday by fellow Chinese tech giant Tencent. The social-media and gaming company, which said solid ad sales offset gaming weakness, reported a 62% rise in profit, thanks to rapid growth in its high-margin business. 29．Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of mark-to-market changes on Alibaba? A．It had a negligible effect on the company’s overall finance. B．It significantly improved the company’s net income. C．It mainly affected the company’s investment gains and losses. D．It had no influence on the adjusted net profit. 30．Compared with Alibaba Group’s quarterly sales growth, how was Tencent’s quarterly sales growth? A．Higher. B．Lower. C．Almost the same. D．Not mentioned. 31．According to the bar chart, what is the largest possible ratio (比率) between the most profitable quarter and the least profitable one in the net profit quarters? A．14:1 B．2:1 C．3:1 D．20:1 题型02 推理判断题 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题 Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral Chinese state media has praised a viral video series telling the story of a jade teapot coming to life and fleeing the British Museum to make its way back home. The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. The new three-part show has triggered a wave of nationalism among viewers, with many praising the creative plot that reduced them to tears by showing how the teapot experienced the happiness of returning to China to see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremony on Tiananmen Square. 3．Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A．China had already demanded the restoration of its cultural relics before the scandal. B．The museum’s awful management and security systems are involved in the scandal. C．The Britain Museum is under pressure to return the cultural relics to China sooner or later. D．A London-based Chinese journalist has contributed a lot to the viral three-part video series. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To appeal to Britain to return China’s cultural objects. B．To introduce a viral video series about a fleeing jade teapot. C．To arouse readers’ concern about Chinese cultural objects abroad. D．To praise Chinese young people’s passion for history and tradition. 题型03 词义推断题 【来源】2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题 A forest in Staffordshire (in the UK) transformed into a hi-tech laboratory. Researchers here are investigating how the trees use carbon, and it’s difficult to find out. In an unusual experiment, extra carbon dioxide is piped to the trees, to create the kind of atmospheric conditions expected in the middle of the century. And instruments measure how the forest reacts.     The scientist in charge says there’s still a lot to learn. And he worries that governments and companies are rushing to plant trees as an easy answer to climate change. “If you try and use trees to tidy up the mess that we’re making through emissions, you are putting those trees into a very rapidly changing climate and they will struggle to adapt,” said Professor Rob MacKenzie, University of Birmingham. This device tracks the movement of carbon dioxide. In a healthy forest, the gas is not only absorbed by the trees but some is released as well. What scientists here are finding out is the way carbon flows into a forest and out of it is a lot more complicated than you might think. So, if mass tree planting is meant to be a solution to tackling climate change, the trees are going to have to be monitored and cared for, over not just decades, but may be centuries as well. ……… 33．The underlined word “some” in the second paragraph refers to __________. A．oxygen B．carbon dioxide C．mess D．purified gas 【来源】2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模英语试卷 Most teachers assign novels for students to read not write. But many teachers nationwide are not only asking students to read novels but also giving them a month to write them. Yes, you read that right: one month. However, students participating in November’s National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) do not complain about being overworked. Instead, they have been known to ask, “Can we work on our novels today?” That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules. ……… 6．By “seat-of-your-pants” in paragraph 2, the author means ________. A．the novel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards B．the participants have to stick on their seats for long writing novels C．the participants are free to write whatever novels they can imagine D．the novel writing activity needs new rules for participants to follow 题型04 主旨归纳题 【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷 Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. ………. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. “The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director. “We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control.” ………… Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected.” 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．A prospective approach to planting. B．A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C．A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D．A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. A （2025年杨浦一模） Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14 years ago. When she told McNee how hard it could be to get students excited about math, her favourite discipline, he made a surprising suggestion: “Why not throw in something they enjoy, like sports?” The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School. When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. “I realized we might be onto something.” The classes, later named BallMatics, soon spread to other schools. “I was terrible at math,” says Douglas, who enrolled in a fast-track summer program. “But once I started BallMatics and realized the sport I loved was directly tied to math, it made me a lot better at it. Every time I played basketball, I was thinking about math.” Almost any math problem, McNee and Mandekic realized, can be taught on the court. Kids can learn how to navigate an X-Y grid to find their next shooting spot or absorb the basic principles of trigonometry based on the angle at which they release the ball. In 2019, McNec and Mandekic established a private high school called Uchenna Academy. At the school, kids with top basketball skills can study all subjects, train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics afterschool programs. Douglas, now 20 and earning a degree in education believes the school’s commitment to academics is the key reason it’s been a winner. “If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,” he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class. “At Uchenna, we were student athletes, not athlete students.” 36. The first two paragraphs are intended to tell the readers ______. A. the origin of BallMatics B. the challenges facing BallMatics C. the start of a lifelong friendship D. the dedication of the young teachers 37. What made Mandekic and McNee realize that they “might be onto something”? A. The students’ progress in their mathematic skills. B. The students’ changed attitude towards math. C. The data collected about the students’ goal percentage. D. The efficiency in determining the winning team. 38. What will happen to the kids who don’t do well in class according to Douglas? A. They will be forbidden to leave any training session. B. They will be obliged to earn a training degree first. C. They will have to attend classes at a private school. D. They will be banned from playing in the game. 39. The best title for the article is ______. A. The Basics of Math B. The Road to Success C. A Sports Principle D. A Numbers Game B （2025年静安一模） In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them. So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in. “We are totally dependent on ourselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want to live in a mixed community, not just with the elderly. And as long as we can do it here, that’s what we want.” Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away. 36. What is NOT mentioned as a problem the Allens meet with? A. Physical weakness due to the broken bone. B. Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules. C. Failure to handle certain fixing tasks due to limited mobility. D. Difficulty in traveling to public places alone due to physical condition. 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. People like Allens gather to live in a special place for shared elderly caring. B. The government arranges necessary services for people like Allens. C. Senior people give up “aging in place” life mainly out of pressure from children. D. “Aging in place” people pay to have necessary service staff on call. 38. The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. alternative B. fake C. rushed D. joint 39. Which of the following is probably the title of the passage? A. US grey band fights to stay at home B. Attention, US seniors are suffering C. At home vs Nursing home-a hard choice for US seniors D. US adult children, it’s time to care for your parents C （2025年崇明一模） A recent groundbreaking study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) forecasts massive financial damages due to climate change, projecting annual damages of about $38 trillion ($38 million million) by the year 2050. This figure highlights the severe economic challenges that lie ahead on a global scale, with the greatest impacts expected to burden the countries least responsible for greenhouse emissions (排放). The economic damage, estimated between $19 trillion to $59 trillion by mid-century, primarily stems from increased temperatures and their subsequent impact on agriculture, labor productivity, and infrastructure (基础设施). The study also notes potential increases in costs due to more frequent and severe weather events, which are expected to become more common as global temperatures rise. The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts. Anders Levermann, head of complexity science at PIK and co-author of the study, emphasized the inequity and urgency of the situation. “Countries in the tropics will suffer the most because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefore be most harmful there,” he explained. Levermann argues for a rapid structural shift towards renewable energy to ease these impacts and stabilize global temperatures. When placed alongside other major climate impact forecasts, the PIK study stands out for its comprehensive data analysis and harsh projections. Previous studies have similarly highlighted the economic damages of climate change but lacked the extensive regional and specific insights this study provides. The study strongly advocates for great and immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst of these economic damages. It suggests that slowing climate change is not only a moral and environmental must but also economically advantageous, as the cost of inaction is far greater than the expenses associated with reducing global warming to manageable levels. The socioeconomic consequences of such extensive economic losses could lead to heightened global inequality and potentially, social unrest. This projection stresses the importance of international cooperation in climate action plans and the development of fair policies that recognize and make up for the inequities faced by the less developed nations most affected by climate change. 1．Climate change will cause massive economic damage worldwide by 2050 mainly because _____. A．the average world temperature will increase much faster than expected B．rising temperatures will damage farming, infrastructure and productivity C．big countries will experience economic crises due to more severe weather events D．tropical regions are unprepared to adapt to the damages caused by climate change 2．By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 3, the author means _____. A．poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy B．it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050 C．higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming D．higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts 3．The PIK study arouses the public attention due to _____. A．its rigid climate impact forecasts B．its overall statistics and the severity of its findings C．its different approach to analyzing data D．its similar regional insights on economic damages 4．What does the PIK study imply? A．Fair policies should be established to avoid further rising of temperatures. B．Reducing gas emissions will benefit the environment but harm the economy. C．Inequality should be reduced through cooperation in fighting climate change. D．Wealthy countries should bear the whole cost of coping with global warming. D （2024闵行二模） Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive falls dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications. In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time. Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident. In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. “Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret, and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.” 5．In a search and rescue operation, ________. A．the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours B．the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location C．weather conditions are a determining factor D．changing currents present a challenge 6．The main significance of the new algorithm is ________. A．accurately predicting weather conditions during rescue operations B．dependence on satellite technology to locate distressed individuals at sea C．cost-effective, efficient tracking of objects and individuals in coastal waters D．predicting the exact time and location of ocean accidents 7．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A．the collection of data B．the testing of the algorithm C．the identification of the TRAPs D．the cooperation of two research teams 8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea B．How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives C．Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations D．Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations Have Fallen 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$