专题10 阅读理解记叙文 -2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题10 阅读理解记叙文 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 题型01 细节事实题 3 题型02 推理判断题 4 题型03 词句猜测题 6 题型04 主旨大意题 8 高考练场 12 · 题型简介 记叙文阅读理解通常分为传记类、游记类和故事类。主要考查作者通过写人、叙事所表达出来的某种观点、认识或情感。记叙文描述的是具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常包含时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。有些文章按事件发展经过为主线叙述，有些则按时间顺序叙述，包括顺叙、倒叙等。夹叙夹议类文章往往蕴含作者或文中人物的多种情感，如喜悦、悲伤、愤怒、希望等，能引起读者的情感共鸣。 · 命题类型 · 细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解能力。 · 词义猜测题：要求学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。 · 主旨大意题：考查学生对文章中心思想或主要观点的把握。 · 推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力。 · 作者意图题：考查学生对作者写作目的和态度的理解。 · 解题思路 · 顺藤摸瓜：按照文章脉络和故事发展顺序，一题一题地解答细节题，不漏掉任何细节。 · 左顾右盼：在做题过程中，如果找不到与题干一字不差的词语或句子，需要通过上下文语境进行同义替换，找到正确答案。 · 把握文章结构：记叙文一般可以分为事实记叙和想象记叙，注意文章的基本结构，如5W要素（what, who, when, where, why），这有助于理解文章和回答问题。 · 理解故事脉络：弄明白整件事情的发展脉络，这对于解答细节题和推理判断题至关重要。 · 把握寓意：对于哲理故事或逸闻趣事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义或风趣性，这有助于解答主旨大意题和作者意图题。 题型01 细节事实题 细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。 在做直接事实题时，要抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。做间接事实题时，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。数据推算题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中 When I was a little boy in Brazil, I became fascinated with history, read The Lost World, the Arthur Conan Doyle book that inspired Jurassic Park, and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist like Indiana Jones. I wanted to travel the world to search for hidden treasures, buried for centuries. When I read about the Terracotta Warriors in Xi’an, they carved out a special place in my imaginary future. I was amazed at how something so magnificent could be hidden from plain view for so long. Back then I had no idea that China was the furthest place on earth from my birth-place and I could definitely not imagine living there when I grew up. But here I am. And after almost three years of working in Beijing, I finally found the opportunity to visit the site I had imagined for so long. …….. 1．Which of the following statements is proper to describe the author when he was little? A．He was interested in people and objects in ancient societies. B．He was good at mathematics and dreamed of being an architect. C．He liked carving sculptures out of stones and jade. D．He was obsessed with reading novels and aspired to be a sci-fi writer. 2．Which of the following statements is true? A．It’s easy for the writer to travel to China and many of his relatives live there. B．Xi’an is such a city as boasts both cultural heritages and modern facilities. C．Foreigners tend to find difficulty in traveling in Xi’an with little English signs to instruct them. D．The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda overlooks mostly modern buildings. 题型02 推理推断题 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。 此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： 1. We can infer from the passage that __________. 2. What / Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 3. It can be inferred / concluded (from Paragraph 3) that __________. 4. The author suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________. 5. On the whole / From the text / After reading the passage, we can conclude that __________. 6. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? 7. The author is inclined to think that __________. 8. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________. 9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling towards...? 10. In the writer’s opinion,... 区间定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用区间定位能够帮助学生在没有完全读懂原文的情况下尽可能答对较多的题。 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 ……… It was about this time that Daddy built him a go-cart and I had to pull him around. The moment I picked up my cap, he started crying to go with me and Mama would call from wherever she was, “Take Doodle with you”. He was a burden in many ways. The doctor had said that he mustn’t get too excited, too hot, too cold, or too tired and that he must always be treated gently—a long list of don’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had to wear a big straw hat whenever he went out. When the going got rough and he had to climb to the sides of the go-cart, the hat slipped all the way down over his ears. He was a sight. Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry. “For heaven’s sake, what’s the matter?” I asked, annoyed. “It’s so pretty,” he said. “So pretty, pretty, pretty.” 15．By “I could see I was licked (paragraph 3)”, the narrator implies that ________? A．He was aware that he was licked by Doodle. B．He was excited that he could see Doodle’s progress. C．He wanted to change Doodle’s name again. D．He realized Doodle would always be a part of his life. 16．What can you infer from the passage about the narrator’s feelings towards Doodle? A．He deeply disliked Doodle for the attention he receives. B．He felt a mix of annoyance and affection for Doodle. C．He was completely indifferent to what Doodle was doing. D．He was surprised at Doodle’s ability to crawl. 题型03 词义、句义猜测题 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。 此类题的设问方式主要有： 1.The word “...” in Line...means/can be replaced by... 2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests... 3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... 4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to... 猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、 此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：1. 利用构词法；2. 联系上下文语境；3. 代入法。词义推断题有时候可以同时运用构词法、语境和代入法，短语的语义高度依赖上下文内容和逻辑。 【来源】上海市位育中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 …….. “Dad, let me help,” Emma offered, taking the shovel from his weary hands. Together, they dug into the earth, creating a hidden cache for extra food. It was a secret they guarded fiercely, knowing that in times of shortage, even neighbors could turn against each other out of desperation. …….. 18．The term “hidden cache” in the third paragraph most probably refers to “_____________” A．a treasure map B．a buried capsule C．a secret food storage spot D．a mysterious box 【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷 This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. …….. 25．The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A．the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B．the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C．the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D．the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 题型04 主题理解或写作意图推断题 写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to inform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。 此类题的设问方式: 1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is __________. 做写作意图题有两种方法：一是主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。二是文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。 【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷 ……… But burning fossil fuels to visit threatened environments definitely feels ironic. As a travel writer, I’m constantly wrestling with questions such as: Should we be travelling to endangered landscapes at all? Can it even be done sustainably? What is at stake if we don’t travel? As the saying goes: “Tourism is like a fire. You can either cook your food with it, or burn your house down.” If I’m being honest, at least part of my motivation to go to these places is to see them now as they are now — before they’re irreversibly changed or gone. I’m not alone in this. Once a postdoc and research scientist at the University of Michigan, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everything from flowers to glaciers along the way. Record keeping. “This is here now and I’m here now,” he says. “I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.” 23．What attitude does the author hold towards this travel? A．Excited. B．Astonished. C．Regretful. D．Reflective. 24．The best title for the passage is ________. A．Last-Chance Tourism B．A Sustainable Expedition C．Escaping to Endangered Places D．Risky Adventures: The Last Frontier 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷 ……… From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about. I noticed that having more time for myself made me more rested and motivated when I went back to work. I continued quietly along this path for years, until that conversation in the hallway. So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D．, I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine. 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．A healthy work-life balance counts. B．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. C．Fitting in doesn’t mean working overtime. D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 题型01 细节事实题 （2025年普陀区一模） Summerhill This is a story of a modern school—Summerhill. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such;it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy:to make the school fit the child— instead of making the child fit the school. ......... My view is that a child is born wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestions of any kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the inherent ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars;while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Nor do I write this snobbishly(势利的), for I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than an anxious scholar. 36. According to the passage, what was the primary idea behind starting Summerhill School? A. To ensure students become happy scholars. B. To focus on moral and religious instructions. C. To make the school adapt to the needs of each child. D. To make children suitable for the existing social system. 37. The founders of Summerhill School believe that children A. need strict discipline to be successful B. are naturally wise and realistic C. should focus primarily on religious education D. are more creative with adult guidance （2025年嘉定一模） It’s strange how a single moment can shift everything you think you know. One winter morning, all it took was a little stubbornness (固执) and a lot of snow for me to learn a lesson I’d remember for years, This is the story of how I wrecked my dad’s car. It was early January, and I was a senior in high school. It was a regular Tuesday morning, and like every other day, I grabbed my jacket, picked up the keys from the counter, and was about to head out when my dad stopped me. “Whoa, there,” he said, glancing at the snow piling up outside. “The roads are covered in snow. You’re taking the bus today.” ......... 36. What did the writer’s father suggest he do due to the snowy conditions? A. Staying home. B. Walking to school. C. Going to school by bus. D. Drive slowly on the road. 题型02 推理推断题 （2025年长宁一模） We often picture today’s teens as social-media addicts. They stare at their phones 24/7 and lash out when they can’t have their WeChat fix. But the truth is more complicated: While they depend on social media to keep up with friends, it does have a tendency to make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they know it. When I spoke to four students at Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, Calif., as part of my nation-wide teen listening tour, they told me they make conscious choices about who they share things with on social media, how they manage their accounts and how they handle their own burnout. While teens generally acknowledge that social media helps them keep up with their friends, around 45% of them say they feel troubled by the drama they often encounter, according to Pew Research Center. Roughly four in 10 teenagers say they feel pressure to post only things that show them in a positive light or that generate a lot of comments or likes. ........ 37. It is indicated in the passage that ________ is some teens’ intentional action on social media. A. selecting what to post B. letting others handle their posts C. showing their displeasure D. quitting to keep from feeling hurt 38. According to the passage, some teens take breaks from social media to ________. A. gather more materials for online drama B. escape the pressure of making comments C. avoid feeling left out by their peers D. relieve exhaustion from being disturbed （2025年徐汇一模） ....... In her other classes, though, Caroline would be sure to choose just the right seat. Caroline liked to think of herself as one of the cool kids, but she also did well in school and liked learning. So, Caroline wanted to sit close to the cool kids, but not too close, or she would be more interested in talking than paying attention. She also knew that it was good to be friends with the smart kids, because they could help Caroline with her schoolwork. However, she didn’t want to sit too close to the smart kids. Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. ........ 37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. Caroline was often seen as a cool kid, not a smart kid. B. Caroline wanted to be the only smart kid in her school. C. If Caroline was seen as a smart kid, no one would think she was cool. D. Caroline’s school was unusual in that smart kids were also cool. 题型03 词义、句义猜测题 （2025年闵行一模） Back in her twenties, Linda Park was all about fashion. But she also started noticing something disturbing: the fashion industry was seriously hurting the environment. As she worked as a designer, she was shocked by the mountains of unsold clothes, fabrics that would hang around for decades, and the harmful dyes （染料） dumping into rivers. It hit her — if she was going to make a real difference, she'd have to roll up her sleeves（袖子） and tackle fashion's waste problem herself. Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills. And here's the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion. Park thought, “I can do better than this.” So, she pictured a new kind of store —— one that wouldn't just reduce waste but would also inspire people to make smarter, greener choices. ......... 37. The phrase “the kicker” in paragraph 2 most likely means________. A. the person kicking the football B. something unexpected and surprising C. the most exciting part of the situation D. the reason why fast fashion is successful （2025年浦东新区一模） I wasn’t prepared to be a climate refugee. Not after relocating my family from drought and wildfire California to the “climate shelter” of Asheville, N.C. But less than two months after we moved into our delightfully wooded, mild-weather community, we were forced to leave. ......... In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drove home the severity of what was happening around us. My young daughter held me tightly saying over and over, “I’m scared.” 37. What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A. The family realized the pleasure of playing with LEGOs. B. The family decided to stay in the house despite the danger. C. The family felt alarmed at the sight of the tree crashing down. D. The family became more at ease about the situation at that time. 题型04 主题理解或写作意图推断题 （2025年金山一模） As for me, I’d say that my stutter has not “magically disappeared” because I’ve simply found ways to conceal (隐藏) it. But I have a better therapy now-I will grow alongside it, an identity inseparable from the way that I speak. Thinking about this, I decided to tell the man, who was still looking at me hopefully: “______.” 39. What’s the best title for this passage? A. My stutter, myself B. New definitions for stutter C. Stutter, a life-changing disability D. A special encounter with stutterers A （2025年虹口一模） 1One afternoon a few months before Tom and I were to be married, Max wandered into the dining room of the house we all shared. I was sorting through a box of old photographs. 2“Who’s that?” he asked. 3“That was my grandfather, the one who died a few months ago.” 4“Hmm. Too bad he had to die.” 5Just as I was about to put the last of the pictures in the box, Max pressed his finger to a face. “And who will this be to me?” 6Beneath his finger I could see the edges of my own face. I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. 7I should have known how to say just the right, wise, magical thing. But I didn’t. “I’ll be your second mom,” I said. 8“Oh.” 9“I’m sorry that your first mom died. I liked her.” 10“What should I call you?” he asked. 11My heart pounded, and my stomach turned over. Mama, I wanted to cry. I’ll be your mama and you’ll be my son. I resisted. “You can call me Mom, or Mama. You can also call me Betsy, if you’d rather. Whatever feels okay for you.” 12He stood there a minute. “What’s for dinner?” he asked. 13“Burgers.” 14“Swect,” he said as he walked out of the room. 15At our wedding a few months later, Tom and I said our vows (誓言) to one another. Then Max was invited to stand beside us and I made vows to him. I promised to step into the shoes his mother had been forced to leave behind, to help him remember her, and to be the best mother I could be. 16After the wedding, for the next few days, Max tried out a new title for me. “Can we go bowling?” he’d ask, and then follow the question by mouthing the word mom. Or, “Can we go to the store?” And the mouthed word, mom. Mom was always silent. It seemed he was trying it on, seeing how it felt in his mouth. 17Weeks later as I drove him home from school, Max suddenly said, “I notice I don’t call you Mom.” 18Oof. Who threw that rock at my chest? I breathed to calm my voice. “I noticed that.” 19“When I say Betsy, I mean Mom.” 20“Thanks,” I said. “That’s nice to know.” 21He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” 22I willed tears away, not wanting to overwhelm him. He had enough to carry. “Thanks, Bud. I appreciate you telling me.” 23“Hey, Betsy?” 24“Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. 25“What’s for dinner?” he asked. 36. When Betty said “I’ll be your second mom,” (paragraph 7), she ______. A. thought her role was significant to Max B. wished Max could let go of the sad memories C. was looking forward to becoming Max’s mother D. suggested that she was legally responsible for Max 37. According to Max, why did he call Betsy “Betsy” instead of Mom? A. He wants to tell Betsy she is his best friend. B. He still feels shy to address Betsy as Mom. C. He doesn’t want to forget his dead mother. D. He hopes Betsy could always be with him. 38. How does Betsy most probably feel when Max mentions dinner at the end of the passage? A. Confused about Max’s favourite food. B. Happy to lead a regular family life. C. Relieved to have a simple conversation. D. Annoyed with Max’s constant questioning. 39. Why does the author develop the passage with short dialogues? A. To reveal the tension between Max and Betsy. B. To show that Max is avoiding deep conversations. C. To help express the two speakers’ emotions directly. D. To make the passage shorter and easier to understand. B （2025年松江一模） After a long journey, I finally got to the hospital. Lying on the examination table while facing the painfully bright ceiling lights, I fidgeted, desperately trying to ignore the upsetting part of the situation. I attempted to focus on staying warm in the cold room, but what happened days ago kept running through my head — the intense pain, the overpowering fear, and the panicky steps in the Emergency Room. I was told I had broken a backbone. I now smiled recalling the innocence of my response: “Do I have to wear a support when I play football? ” I had waited for three months to find out whether I could play football again, but the thought of waiting another five minutes seemed impossible. Then Dr. Pittinger entered. He was friendly, but noticeably uncomfortable, almost sad. He told me that I would never be able to play football again. The realization sank in immediately. I wasn’t surprised, or at least I shouldn’t have been, but that didn’t make the order any easier. I refused to accept the idea, and for months I continued to exercise. I worked out from five to six every morning. Though I was ashamed to wear the support, I wore it devotedly, with some false hope that the more I wore it, the quicker and better it would heal the backbone. I was determined to play again. The fact is that, just as the doctor ordered, I never played another quarter of football. After nights of coming home from exercising, barely able to walk, I finally gave in. For a while, giving up felt like an admitting of defeat rather than the acceptance of a truth that should have been painfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decisions I have made and will have to make, life would go on. Rather than stick to the undeniably unattainable, I understood though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless others to make in its place. And by the way, I’m a five-star football coach now. 36. The word “fidgeted” in paragraph 1 most probably means “________”. A. felt terribly bored. B. lay quietly and calmly. C. was extremely grateful. D. made slight, anxious movements. 37. The underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicates the writer’s ________. A. slow but steady recovery. B. eagerness to get the doctor’s answer. C. frequent visits to the hospital. D. emotional change after the accident. 38. What did the writer give up in the end? A. Trusting the doctor. B. Exercising in the gym. C. Focusing on the impossible. D. Putting everything in place. 39. What’s the message mainly conveyed in the passage? A. Ignoring failures is the key to a fulfilling life. B. There are two ways for everyone to live his life. C. Some people in the world live with physical pain. D. We should accept life as it is and live to the fullest. C （2025年嘉定一模） It’s strange how a single moment can shift everything you think you know. One winter morning, all it took was a little stubbornness (固执) and a lot of snow for me to learn a lesson I’d remember for years, This is the story of how I wrecked my dad’s car. It was early January, and I was a senior in high school. It was a regular Tuesday morning, and like every other day, I grabbed my jacket, picked up the keys from the counter, and was about to head out when my dad stopped me. “Whoa, there,” he said, glancing at the snow piling up outside. “The roads are covered in snow. You’re taking the bus today.” I argued, pointing out that school was about to start, and I didn’t want to wait for the bus. My dad, known for his stubbornness, wouldn’t give in. After a few heated words, he sighed and handed me the keys. “Fine, but be careful,” he said. I slid into the car, a bit triumphant. The roads looked fine, I thought, barely an inch of snow, I started the car and pulled out of the driveway, feeling a surge of independence. But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and f was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank. I spent a long frustrating minute trying to get it out. pressing down on the engine, trying every trick I knew. Eventually, I realized I was going to have to call my dad. When he arrived, his face was a mix of anger and disappointment. We pulled the car out with some help, but the damage was done. Now, every time I’m tempted to ignore someone’s advice, I think back to that day. Sometimes it’s smarter to listen than to prove a point. That day left me a little poorer and a lot wiser. 36. What did the writer’s father suggest he do due to the snowy conditions? A. Staying home. B. Walking to school. C. Going to school by bus. D. Drive slowly on the road. 37. What does the word “triumphant” (paragraph 5) most likely mean? A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful. 38. What happened to the car when the writer tried to make a sharp turn? A. It made the turn safely. B. It slid off the road and hit another car. C. It came to a complete stop in the road. D. It started to slip and crashed into a snowbank. 39. What lesson did the writer learn from the experience? A. It’s better to think twice before saying no to others’ advice. B. It’s always best to rely on oneself in challenging situations. C. Driving in snowy conditions ought to be legally prohibited. D. Arguing with parents often leads to misunderstandings. D （2025年徐汇一模） Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why? Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. In her other classes, though, Caroline would be sure to choose just the right seat. Caroline liked to think of herself as one of the cool kids, but she also did well in school and liked learning. So, Caroline wanted to sit close to the cool kids, but not too close, or she would be more interested in talking than paying attention. She also knew that it was good to be friends with the smart kids, because they could help Caroline with her schoolwork. However, she didn’t want to sit too close to the smart kids. Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. Caroline had all of this in mind as she walked through the school’s front door on the first day. She knew where her first class was, but she didn’t want to be the first one there. If you were the first one there, you didn’t have any control at all! Other people got to choose how close they sat to you, not the other way around. This simply would not do. So, she took her time walking down the hall, taking a minute to talk to her friend Alma, whom she hadn’t seen for the entire summer. At last, she walked through the door of her first class, and there it was, the perfect seat! Two seats away from Jasmine, the smartest girl in her entire grade, and just in front of Marc, who was very cool and totally cute. There was a new guy to the left, which could be a risk, but how bad could a new guy be? So Caroline started toward the seat, being careful not to rush, when Marc’s best friend Jason sat down in her chair! Sure, there were other seats, but no other perfect ones. Saddened but not discouraged, Caroline sat down in the second-best seat and immediately started planning for lunchtime, when she was determined to get the best seat in the cafeteria. 36. As used in paragraph 1, the word “drawback” most nearly means “_________”. A. disadvantage B. benefit C. virtue D. withdrawal 37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. Caroline was often seen as a cool kid, not a smart kid. B. Caroline wanted to be the only smart kid in her school. C. If Caroline was seen as a smart kid, no one would think she was cool. D. Caroline’s school was unusual in that smart kids were also cool. 38. According to the passage, Caroline makes sure not to get to class too early by _________. A. taking time to fix her hair B. going to the wrong class C. waiting outside the school gate D. stopping to talk to her friend 39. How did Caroline feel about the new guy sitting next to her desired seat? A. She was thrilled to have a new friend to sit next to. B. She was concerned he might be a disturbance. C. She was relieved that he didn’t take the perfect seat. D. She was disappointed because he didn’t look cool. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题10 阅读理解记叙文 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 题型01 细节事实题 3 题型02 推理判断题 4 题型03 词句猜测题 6 题型04 主旨大意题 8 高考练场 12 · 题型简介 记叙文阅读理解通常分为传记类、游记类和故事类。主要考查作者通过写人、叙事所表达出来的某种观点、认识或情感。记叙文描述的是具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常包含时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。有些文章按事件发展经过为主线叙述，有些则按时间顺序叙述，包括顺叙、倒叙等。夹叙夹议类文章往往蕴含作者或文中人物的多种情感，如喜悦、悲伤、愤怒、希望等，能引起读者的情感共鸣。 · 命题类型 · 细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解能力。 · 词义猜测题：要求学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。 · 主旨大意题：考查学生对文章中心思想或主要观点的把握。 · 推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力。 · 作者意图题：考查学生对作者写作目的和态度的理解。 · 解题思路 · 顺藤摸瓜：按照文章脉络和故事发展顺序，一题一题地解答细节题，不漏掉任何细节。 · 左顾右盼：在做题过程中，如果找不到与题干一字不差的词语或句子，需要通过上下文语境进行同义替换，找到正确答案。 · 把握文章结构：记叙文一般可以分为事实记叙和想象记叙，注意文章的基本结构，如5W要素（what, who, when, where, why），这有助于理解文章和回答问题。 · 理解故事脉络：弄明白整件事情的发展脉络，这对于解答细节题和推理判断题至关重要。 · 把握寓意：对于哲理故事或逸闻趣事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义或风趣性，这有助于解答主旨大意题和作者意图题。 题型01 细节事实题 细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。包括三种题型：1.直接事实题；2.间接事实题；3. 数据推算。 在做直接事实题时，要抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。做间接事实题时，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。数据推算题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中 When I was a little boy in Brazil, I became fascinated with history, read The Lost World, the Arthur Conan Doyle book that inspired Jurassic Park, and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist like Indiana Jones. I wanted to travel the world to search for hidden treasures, buried for centuries. When I read about the Terracotta Warriors in Xi’an, they carved out a special place in my imaginary future. I was amazed at how something so magnificent could be hidden from plain view for so long. Back then I had no idea that China was the furthest place on earth from my birth-place and I could definitely not imagine living there when I grew up. But here I am. And after almost three years of working in Beijing, I finally found the opportunity to visit the site I had imagined for so long. …….. 1．Which of the following statements is proper to describe the author when he was little? A．He was interested in people and objects in ancient societies. B．He was good at mathematics and dreamed of being an architect. C．He liked carving sculptures out of stones and jade. D．He was obsessed with reading novels and aspired to be a sci-fi writer. 2．Which of the following statements is true? A．It’s easy for the writer to travel to China and many of his relatives live there. B．Xi’an is such a city as boasts both cultural heritages and modern facilities. C．Foreigners tend to find difficulty in traveling in Xi’an with little English signs to instruct them. D．The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda overlooks mostly modern buildings. 【答案】1．A 2．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者从小对历史和考古充满兴趣，成年后在北京工作多年后终于有机会参观儿时梦寐以求的西安，并分享了他在西安的所见所感。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was a little boy in Brazil, I became fascinated with history, read The Lost World, the Arthur Conan Doyle book that inspired Jurassic Park, and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist like Indiana Jones. I wanted to travel the world to search for hidden treasures, buried for centuries.(当我还是个在巴西的小男孩时，我迷上了历史，读了阿瑟·柯南·道尔的《失落的世界》，这本书给了我侏罗纪公园的灵感，我梦想着成为印第安纳·琼斯那样的考古学家。我想环游世界去寻找埋藏了几个世纪的宝藏)”可知，作者小时候对古代社会的人和物很感兴趣。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“If you’re into history, it’s the place to go. It has the necessary infrastructure to attract foreign tourists such as signs in proper English and restaurants everywhere.(如果你对历史感兴趣，这里是你必去的地方。它有必要的基础设施来吸引外国游客，比如用合适的英语写的标志，到处都是餐馆)”可知，B选项“西安是一座文化遗产和现代化设施并存的城市”正确。故选B。 题型02 推理推断题 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。 此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： 1. We can infer from the passage that __________. 2. What / Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 3. It can be inferred / concluded (from Paragraph 3) that __________. 4. The author suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________. 5. On the whole / From the text / After reading the passage, we can conclude that __________. 6. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? 7. The author is inclined to think that __________. 8. When the writer talks about, what he really means is that __________. 9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling towards...? 10. In the writer’s opinion,... 区间定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用区间定位能够帮助学生在没有完全读懂原文的情况下尽可能答对较多的题。 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 ……… It was about this time that Daddy built him a go-cart and I had to pull him around. The moment I picked up my cap, he started crying to go with me and Mama would call from wherever she was, “Take Doodle with you”. He was a burden in many ways. The doctor had said that he mustn’t get too excited, too hot, too cold, or too tired and that he must always be treated gently—a long list of don’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had to wear a big straw hat whenever he went out. When the going got rough and he had to climb to the sides of the go-cart, the hat slipped all the way down over his ears. He was a sight. Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry. “For heaven’s sake, what’s the matter?” I asked, annoyed. “It’s so pretty,” he said. “So pretty, pretty, pretty.” 15．By “I could see I was licked (paragraph 3)”, the narrator implies that ________? A．He was aware that he was licked by Doodle. B．He was excited that he could see Doodle’s progress. C．He wanted to change Doodle’s name again. D．He realized Doodle would always be a part of his life. 16．What can you infer from the passage about the narrator’s feelings towards Doodle? A．He deeply disliked Doodle for the attention he receives. B．He felt a mix of annoyance and affection for Doodle. C．He was completely indifferent to what Doodle was doing. D．He was surprised at Doodle’s ability to crawl. 【答案】 15．D 16．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对身体残疾的弟弟Doodle的人生经历回忆，尽管弟弟的生活充满挑战，但作者对他不离不弃，展现了深深的爱和关心，让弟弟的生活变得更加美好。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did.( 突然，我发现我被打败了。Doodle是我的兄弟，不管我做什么，他都会永远依附着我。)”可推知，通过“我发现我被打败了”这句话，作者意识到Doodle将永远是他生活的一部分。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第三段中“Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry.( 突然，我发现我被打败了。Doodle是我的兄弟，不管我做什么，他都会永远依附着我。我拖着他穿过燃烧的棉花地，与他分享我所知道的唯一的美丽——Old Woman沼泽。他盯着看，眼睛瞪得圆圆的，充满了惊奇，他的小手开始抚摸橡胶草。然后他开始哭了起来。)”可知，作者感到负担是因为意识到Doodle将永远是他生活的一部分，需要持续的照料，尽管弟弟的生活充满了挑战，但作者对他的爱和关心从未减少。作者会带着他一起去看美丽的景色。由此可推知，作者对对Doodle既厌烦又喜爱。故选B项。 题型03 词义、句义猜测题 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。 此类题的设问方式主要有： 1.The word “...” in Line...means/can be replaced by... 2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests... 3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... 4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to... 猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、 此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：1. 利用构词法；2. 联系上下文语境；3. 代入法。词义推断题有时候可以同时运用构词法、语境和代入法，短语的语义高度依赖上下文内容和逻辑。 【来源】上海市位育中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 …….. “Dad, let me help,” Emma offered, taking the shovel from his weary hands. Together, they dug into the earth, creating a hidden cache for extra food. It was a secret they guarded fiercely, knowing that in times of shortage, even neighbors could turn against each other out of desperation. …….. 18．The term “hidden cache” in the third paragraph most probably refers to “_____________” A．a treasure map B．a buried capsule C．a secret food storage spot D．a mysterious box 【答案】18．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了饱受战争蹂躏的艾玛一家的生存状态，他们为生存而努力，以及对未来的憧憬。 18．词句猜测题。由第三段中“Together, they dug into the earth, creating a hidden cache for extra food. It was a secret they guarded fiercely (他们一起挖掘泥土，为额外的食物创造了一个hidden cache。这是他们严守的秘密)”和最后一段中“Each day, Emma and her father would check the hole, ensuring their precious supplies were safe. (每天，艾玛和她的父亲都会检查这个洞，确保他们珍贵的物资是安全的)”可知，他们一起挖地，为额外的食物创造了一个隐藏的贮藏处，所以划线词的意思为“一个秘密的食品储藏地点”。故选C项。 【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷 This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. …….. 25．The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A．the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B．the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C．the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D．the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 【答案】25．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。 25．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线处上句“When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. (如果你是过度投入的母亲的女儿，那么没有人需要使用武力。在无言的期待和寻求认同的舞蹈中，我和妈妈是非常般配的一对。)”可知，作者主动提出学习乐器以获得母亲的认可。故选D。 题型04 主题理解或写作意图推断题 写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to inform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。 此类题的设问方式: 1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is __________. 做写作意图题有两种方法：一是主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。二是文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。 【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷 ……… But burning fossil fuels to visit threatened environments definitely feels ironic. As a travel writer, I’m constantly wrestling with questions such as: Should we be travelling to endangered landscapes at all? Can it even be done sustainably? What is at stake if we don’t travel? As the saying goes: “Tourism is like a fire. You can either cook your food with it, or burn your house down.” If I’m being honest, at least part of my motivation to go to these places is to see them now as they are now — before they’re irreversibly changed or gone. I’m not alone in this. Once a postdoc and research scientist at the University of Michigan, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everything from flowers to glaciers along the way. Record keeping. “This is here now and I’m here now,” he says. “I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.” 23．What attitude does the author hold towards this travel? A．Excited. B．Astonished. C．Regretful. D．Reflective. 24．The best title for the passage is ________. A．Last-Chance Tourism B．A Sustainable Expedition C．Escaping to Endangered Places D．Risky Adventures: The Last Frontier 【答案】23．D 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文主要讲述了作者乘坐探险游轮前往冰岛，途中看到了濒危的座头鲸和冰山，由此引发了作者对于“末日旅游”的思考。作者认为，在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些美景是非常有意义的。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“But burning fossil fuels to visit threatened environments definitely feels ironic.(但燃烧化石燃料去参观受到威胁的环境确实让人感到讽刺)”及“Should we be travelling to endangered landscapes at all? Can it even be done sustainably? What is at stake if we don’t travel?(我们是否应该去旅行这些濒危的景观呢？这样做能持续发展吗？如果我们不去旅行，有什么风险？)”可知，作者对这次旅行持有反思的态度，反思的人类的行为。 故选D项。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.”(我正在尝试在它消失之前捕捉到这些画面，这样我就可以与其他人分享，向他们展示如果我们不是如此追求利润而是追求快乐，世界本可能是什么样子。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者和Kurt Hillig的“末日旅游”，他们想在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些濒危之地的美景。由此可知，A选项“Last-Chance Tourism(末日旅游)”最符合文章标题。故选 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷 ……… From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about. I noticed that having more time for myself made me more rested and motivated when I went back to work. I continued quietly along this path for years, until that conversation in the hallway. So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D．, I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine. 4．What does the author intend to tell us? A．A healthy work-life balance counts. B．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. C．Fitting in doesn’t mean working overtime. D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己博士生的经历，讨论了在研究生院时，如何避免过度工作和压力，保持身心健康，提高个人工作效率。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about.(从那时起，我不再计算我投入的工作时间，每天留出时间锻炼和做我喜欢的活动。最终，我意识到没有人记录我在实验室里花了多少时间，这不是我需要担心的事情)”以及最后一段“So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D., I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine.(所以，几周后，当我再次遇到她时，我告诉她，尽管我在博士学位的最后一年感到压力很大，但我还是把心理和身体健康放在第一位，没有加班。我也开始和其他学生谈论高质量的睡眠、体育锻炼、健康的饮食和合理的工作时间是我日常生活的一部分)”可知，作者主要想要告诉读者健康的工作与生活平衡很重要。故选A项。 题型01 细节事实题 （2025年普陀区一模） Summerhill This is a story of a modern school—Summerhill. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such;it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy:to make the school fit the child— instead of making the child fit the school. ......... My view is that a child is born wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestions of any kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the inherent ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars;while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Nor do I write this snobbishly(势利的), for I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than an anxious scholar. 36. According to the passage, what was the primary idea behind starting Summerhill School? A. To ensure students become happy scholars. B. To focus on moral and religious instructions. C. To make the school adapt to the needs of each child. D. To make children suitable for the existing social system. 37. The founders of Summerhill School believe that children A. need strict discipline to be successful B. are naturally wise and realistic C. should focus primarily on religious education D. are more creative with adult guidance 【答案】36. C 37. B 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 “When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy: to make the school fit the child— instead of making the child fit the school.” 可知，创办 Summerhill 学校的主要理念是让学校适应每个孩子的需求，而不是让孩子适应学校，C 选项正确。A 选项 “确保学生成为快乐的学者” 并非创办学校的首要理念；B 选项 “专注于道德和宗教教育” 与原文中学校摒弃所有道德和宗教教育相悖；D 选项 “让孩子适应现有的社会体系” 也不符合创办学校的理念，原文强调让学校适应孩子，而不是让孩子去适应社会体系。所以答案是 C。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。由第五段 “My view is that a child is born wise and realistic.” 可知，Summerhill 学校的创办者认 为孩子天生是明智且现实的，B 选项正确。A 选项 “需要严格的纪律才能成功” 与原文中学校摒弃所有纪律不符；C 选项 “应该主要专注于宗教教育”，原文提到学校摒弃宗教教育；D 选项 “在成人指导下更有创造力”，原文强调让孩子在没有成人建议的情况下自由发展。所以答案是 B。 （2025年嘉定一模） It’s strange how a single moment can shift everything you think you know. One winter morning, all it took was a little stubbornness (固执) and a lot of snow for me to learn a lesson I’d remember for years, This is the story of how I wrecked my dad’s car. It was early January, and I was a senior in high school. It was a regular Tuesday morning, and like every other day, I grabbed my jacket, picked up the keys from the counter, and was about to head out when my dad stopped me. “Whoa, there,” he said, glancing at the snow piling up outside. “The roads are covered in snow. You’re taking the bus today.” ......... 36. What did the writer’s father suggest he do due to the snowy conditions? A. Staying home. B. Walking to school. C. Going to school by bus. D. Drive slowly on the road. 【答案】36. C 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The roads are covered in snow. You’re taking the bus today.(道路上覆盖着雪。你今天坐公共汽车去吧)”可知，由于下雪的情况，作者的父亲建议他乘公共汽车上学。故选C。 题型02 推理推断题 （2025年长宁一模） We often picture today’s teens as social-media addicts. They stare at their phones 24/7 and lash out when they can’t have their WeChat fix. But the truth is more complicated: While they depend on social media to keep up with friends, it does have a tendency to make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they know it. When I spoke to four students at Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, Calif., as part of my nation-wide teen listening tour, they told me they make conscious choices about who they share things with on social media, how they manage their accounts and how they handle their own burnout. While teens generally acknowledge that social media helps them keep up with their friends, around 45% of them say they feel troubled by the drama they often encounter, according to Pew Research Center. Roughly four in 10 teenagers say they feel pressure to post only things that show them in a positive light or that generate a lot of comments or likes. ........ 37. It is indicated in the passage that ________ is some teens’ intentional action on social media. A. selecting what to post B. letting others handle their posts C. showing their displeasure D. quitting to keep from feeling hurt 38. According to the passage, some teens take breaks from social media to ________. A. gather more materials for online drama B. escape the pressure of making comments C. avoid feeling left out by their peers D. relieve exhaustion from being disturbed 【答案】 37. A 38. D 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“they told me they make conscious choices about who they share things with on social media, how they manage their accounts and how they handle their own burnout. (他们告诉我，他们有意识地选择在社交媒体上与谁分享东西，如何管理自己的账户，以及如何处理自己的倦怠)”可知，在社交媒体上选择分享什么，是一些青少年的有意行为。故答案为A。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Roughly four in 10 teenagers say they feel pressure to post only things that show them in a positive light or that generate a lot of comments or likes.( 大约十分之四的青少年表示，他们感到压力，只能发布积极的东西，或者产生很多评论或喜欢的东西)”可知，一些青少年从社交媒体上休息一下为了从社交媒体中解脱出来。D项：relieve exhaustion from being disturbed(缓解被干扰而产生的疲劳)”符合题意，故答案为D。 （2025年徐汇一模） ....... In her other classes, though, Caroline would be sure to choose just the right seat. Caroline liked to think of herself as one of the cool kids, but she also did well in school and liked learning. So, Caroline wanted to sit close to the cool kids, but not too close, or she would be more interested in talking than paying attention. She also knew that it was good to be friends with the smart kids, because they could help Caroline with her schoolwork. However, she didn’t want to sit too close to the smart kids. Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. ........ 37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. Caroline was often seen as a cool kid, not a smart kid. B. Caroline wanted to be the only smart kid in her school. C. If Caroline was seen as a smart kid, no one would think she was cool. D. Caroline’s school was unusual in that smart kids were also cool. 【答案】 37. C 【37题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. (不幸的是，在Caroline的学校里，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子并不是同一批人)”可知，在Caroline的学校，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子不是同一批孩子。由此可以推断出，如果Caroline被认为是聪明的孩子，那么就不会有人认为她是酷的孩子。故选C。 题型03 词义、句义猜测题 （2025年闵行一模） Back in her twenties, Linda Park was all about fashion. But she also started noticing something disturbing: the fashion industry was seriously hurting the environment. As she worked as a designer, she was shocked by the mountains of unsold clothes, fabrics that would hang around for decades, and the harmful dyes （染料） dumping into rivers. It hit her — if she was going to make a real difference, she'd have to roll up her sleeves（袖子） and tackle fashion's waste problem herself. Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills. And here's the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion. Park thought, “I can do better than this.” So, she pictured a new kind of store —— one that wouldn't just reduce waste but would also inspire people to make smarter, greener choices. ......... 37. The phrase “the kicker” in paragraph 2 most likely means________. A. the person kicking the football B. something unexpected and surprising C. the most exciting part of the situation D. the reason why fast fashion is successful 【答案】 37. B 【37 题详解】 词义猜测题。前文提到 “Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills.”（每年数百万吨衣服被丢弃，近一半最终进入垃圾填埋场），接着说 “the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion.”，大多数衣服在几乎没怎么穿就被扔掉，这一情况在 “每年大量衣服被丢弃” 的基础上，是更令人意想不到和惊讶的。所以 “the kicker” 意思是意想不到且令人惊讶的事，答案选 B。 （2025年浦东新区一模） I wasn’t prepared to be a climate refugee. Not after relocating my family from drought and wildfire California to the “climate shelter” of Asheville, N.C. But less than two months after we moved into our delightfully wooded, mild-weather community, we were forced to leave. ......... In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drove home the severity of what was happening around us. My young daughter held me tightly saying over and over, “I’m scared.” 37. What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A. The family realized the pleasure of playing with LEGOs. B. The family decided to stay in the house despite the danger. C. The family felt alarmed at the sight of the tree crashing down. D. The family became more at ease about the situation at that time. 【答案】 37. C 【37 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文 “In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed” 可知，在看似最糟糕的情况已经过去的时候，一棵大松树却砸在了儿子卧室上方的屋顶上，尽管儿子没受伤，但这件事让一家人清楚地意识到周围情况的严重性，感到惊恐不安。所以该句意思是这家人看到树倒下时感到惊恐。故选 C。 题型04 主题理解或写作意图推断题 （2025年金山一模） As for me, I’d say that my stutter has not “magically disappeared” because I’ve simply found ways to conceal (隐藏) it. But I have a better therapy now-I will grow alongside it, an identity inseparable from the way that I speak. Thinking about this, I decided to tell the man, who was still looking at me hopefully: “______.” 39. What’s the best title for this passage? A. My stutter, myself B. New definitions for stutter C. Stutter, a life-changing disability D. A special encounter with stutterers 【答案】 39. A 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As for me, I’d say that my stutter has not “magically disappeared” because I’ve simply found ways to conceal (隐藏) it. But I have a better therapy now-I will grow alongside it, an identity inseparable from the way that I speak.(至于我，我想说我的口吃并没有“神奇地消失”，因为我只是找到了隐藏它的方法。但我现在有了更好的治疗方法——我将与它一起成长，一种与我说话方式密不可分的身份)”结合文章讲述了作者遇到一个穿着考究的男人来问路，虽然有口吃，但是男人阻止了作者的接话，因为他想在与陌生人交谈时更勇敢一些。这让作者想到了自己曾经也有口吃，但是作者选择了让口吃成为自己的一部分。可知，A选项“我的口吃——我的一部分”最符合文章标题。故选A。 A （2025年虹口一模） 1One afternoon a few months before Tom and I were to be married, Max wandered into the dining room of the house we all shared. I was sorting through a box of old photographs. 2“Who’s that?” he asked. 3“That was my grandfather, the one who died a few months ago.” 4“Hmm. Too bad he had to die.” 5Just as I was about to put the last of the pictures in the box, Max pressed his finger to a face. “And who will this be to me?” 6Beneath his finger I could see the edges of my own face. I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. 7I should have known how to say just the right, wise, magical thing. But I didn’t. “I’ll be your second mom,” I said. 8“Oh.” 9“I’m sorry that your first mom died. I liked her.” 10“What should I call you?” he asked. 11My heart pounded, and my stomach turned over. Mama, I wanted to cry. I’ll be your mama and you’ll be my son. I resisted. “You can call me Mom, or Mama. You can also call me Betsy, if you’d rather. Whatever feels okay for you.” 12He stood there a minute. “What’s for dinner?” he asked. 13“Burgers.” 14“Swect,” he said as he walked out of the room. 15At our wedding a few months later, Tom and I said our vows (誓言) to one another. Then Max was invited to stand beside us and I made vows to him. I promised to step into the shoes his mother had been forced to leave behind, to help him remember her, and to be the best mother I could be. 16After the wedding, for the next few days, Max tried out a new title for me. “Can we go bowling?” he’d ask, and then follow the question by mouthing the word mom. Or, “Can we go to the store?” And the mouthed word, mom. Mom was always silent. It seemed he was trying it on, seeing how it felt in his mouth. 17Weeks later as I drove him home from school, Max suddenly said, “I notice I don’t call you Mom.” 18Oof. Who threw that rock at my chest? I breathed to calm my voice. “I noticed that.” 19“When I say Betsy, I mean Mom.” 20“Thanks,” I said. “That’s nice to know.” 21He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” 22I willed tears away, not wanting to overwhelm him. He had enough to carry. “Thanks, Bud. I appreciate you telling me.” 23“Hey, Betsy?” 24“Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. 25“What’s for dinner?” he asked. 36. When Betty said “I’ll be your second mom,” (paragraph 7), she ______. A. thought her role was significant to Max B. wished Max could let go of the sad memories C. was looking forward to becoming Max’s mother D. suggested that she was legally responsible for Max 37. According to Max, why did he call Betsy “Betsy” instead of Mom? A. He wants to tell Betsy she is his best friend. B. He still feels shy to address Betsy as Mom. C. He doesn’t want to forget his dead mother. D. He hopes Betsy could always be with him. 38. How does Betsy most probably feel when Max mentions dinner at the end of the passage? A. Confused about Max’s favourite food. B. Happy to lead a regular family life. C. Relieved to have a simple conversation. D. Annoyed with Max’s constant questioning. 39. Why does the author develop the passage with short dialogues? A. To reveal the tension between Max and Betsy. B. To show that Max is avoiding deep conversations. C. To help express the two speakers’ emotions directly. D. To make the passage shorter and easier to understand. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Betty在与Tom结婚前，对融入Tom的儿子Max的生活充满期待，想成为他的“第二位母亲”。婚后Max尝试称呼Betty为“Mom”，但最终还是称她“Betsy”，因为他希望Betty能一直陪伴自己。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. (我突然感到一种无法名状的喜悦。我爱的人的儿子正在成为我的儿子。我们会把家庭圣诞卡和学校的艺术品贴在冰箱上。所有这些我从未允许自己想要的东西。现在我要做母亲了)”可知，Betty意识到自己正在成为一个母亲，她非常喜悦，对未来美好的家庭生活充满向往。由此可知，在说这句话时，她期待着成为Max的母亲。故选C项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二十一段“He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” (他向窗外望去。“妈妈会死的，你知道的。我觉得你还是叫Betsy比较安全。”)”可知，Max经历了母亲的离世，对于称呼Betsy为“Mom (妈妈)”存在一定的心理障碍，很害怕再次经历失去母亲的痛苦。因此，他用“Betsy”这个称呼，是希望Betsy能够一直陪伴着他，而不是像母亲这个身份一样可能会突然消失。故选D项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后三段““Hey, Betsy?” (“嘿，Betsy？”)”、““Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. (“嗯，”我说，为自己旧名字的新发音感到高兴)”和““What’s for dinner?” he asked. (“晚饭吃什么？”他问)”可知，Max正在和Betsy以新的方式相处，把她当作自己的亲人，询问晚餐的问题虽然简单，但这是日常家庭生活的常态。这表明Betty在过正常的家庭生活，成为Max生活中的一部分，她很可能感到幸福。故选B项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过简短的对话形式，直接展现了Betty和Max之间的情感交流。这种对话形式让读者能够直观地感受到两人的情感变化，尤其是Betty的内心波动和Max的微妙反应。故选C项。 B （2025年松江一模） After a long journey, I finally got to the hospital. Lying on the examination table while facing the painfully bright ceiling lights, I fidgeted, desperately trying to ignore the upsetting part of the situation. I attempted to focus on staying warm in the cold room, but what happened days ago kept running through my head — the intense pain, the overpowering fear, and the panicky steps in the Emergency Room. I was told I had broken a backbone. I now smiled recalling the innocence of my response: “Do I have to wear a support when I play football? ” I had waited for three months to find out whether I could play football again, but the thought of waiting another five minutes seemed impossible. Then Dr. Pittinger entered. He was friendly, but noticeably uncomfortable, almost sad. He told me that I would never be able to play football again. The realization sank in immediately. I wasn’t surprised, or at least I shouldn’t have been, but that didn’t make the order any easier. I refused to accept the idea, and for months I continued to exercise. I worked out from five to six every morning. Though I was ashamed to wear the support, I wore it devotedly, with some false hope that the more I wore it, the quicker and better it would heal the backbone. I was determined to play again. The fact is that, just as the doctor ordered, I never played another quarter of football. After nights of coming home from exercising, barely able to walk, I finally gave in. For a while, giving up felt like an admitting of defeat rather than the acceptance of a truth that should have been painfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decisions I have made and will have to make, life would go on. Rather than stick to the undeniably unattainable, I understood though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless others to make in its place. And by the way, I’m a five-star football coach now. 36. The word “fidgeted” in paragraph 1 most probably means “________”. A. felt terribly bored. B. lay quietly and calmly. C. was extremely grateful. D. made slight, anxious movements. 37. The underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicates the writer’s ________. A. slow but steady recovery. B. eagerness to get the doctor’s answer. C. frequent visits to the hospital. D. emotional change after the accident. 38. What did the writer give up in the end? A. Trusting the doctor. B. Exercising in the gym. C. Focusing on the impossible. D. Putting everything in place. 39. What’s the message mainly conveyed in the passage? A. Ignoring failures is the key to a fulfilling life. B. There are two ways for everyone to live his life. C. Some people in the world live with physical pain. D. We should accept life as it is and live to the fullest. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者脊柱受伤后被医生告知再也无法踢足球，作者无法接受，坚持戴着支架锻炼，但情况并没有好转，后来作者接受了这一残酷事实，并意识到自己还有许多其他选择，他现在成了一名五星级足球教练。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的“desperately trying to ignore the upsetting part of the situation(拼命地试图忽视这种令人不安的情况)”可知，作者躺在检查台上，感到非常不安，由此可推测出，作者因为焦虑而无所适从，fidgeted意为“坐立不安，手足无措”，与D项“制造轻微的、焦虑的动作”意思一致。故选D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段画线句“I had waited for three months to find out whether I could play football again, but the thought of waiting another five minutes seemed impossible.(为了知道我是否还能再踢足球，我已经等了三个月，但再等五分钟的想法似乎是不可能的。)”和下面的“Then Dr. Pittinger entered. He was friendly, but noticeably uncomfortable, almost sad. He told me that I would never be able to play football again.(然后皮廷格医生走了进来。他很友好，但明显不舒服，几乎很悲伤。他告诉我，我再也不能踢足球了。)”可知，为了知道自己是否能够继续踢足球，作者已经等了三个月了，此刻在医院连五分钟也等不下去了，这时医生进来告诉他不能踢足球了，由此可推测出，作者特别想要知道医生的回答。故选B。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Rather than stick to the undeniably unattainable, I understood though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless others to make in its place.(我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者不再坚持不可能实现的事情，而是决定寻找替代选项，由此可推测出，作者最后不再把注意力放在不可能的事情上。故选C。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“For a while, giving up felt like an admitting of defeat rather than the acceptance of a truth that should have been painfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decisions I have made and will have to make, life would go on. Rather than stick to the undeniably unattainable, I understood though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless others to make in its place.(有一段时间，放弃感觉像是承认失败，而不是接受一个本应显而易见的事实，但随着时间的推移，我意识到，就像我所做和将要做的最艰难的决定一样，生活仍将继续。我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者脊柱受伤，被诊断出无法再继续踢足球，但作者无法接受这一现实，而是努力锻炼，但最终情况并没有改善，作者意识到生活仍然要继续下去，接受了现状，寻找其他机会，后来成了一名五星级的足球教练。作者虽然不能再踢足球，但作者接受了生活的馈赠，同样活出了精彩，他的故事告诉我们，要接受生活的本来面目，充实地生活。故选D。 C （2025年嘉定一模） It’s strange how a single moment can shift everything you think you know. One winter morning, all it took was a little stubbornness (固执) and a lot of snow for me to learn a lesson I’d remember for years, This is the story of how I wrecked my dad’s car. It was early January, and I was a senior in high school. It was a regular Tuesday morning, and like every other day, I grabbed my jacket, picked up the keys from the counter, and was about to head out when my dad stopped me. “Whoa, there,” he said, glancing at the snow piling up outside. “The roads are covered in snow. You’re taking the bus today.” I argued, pointing out that school was about to start, and I didn’t want to wait for the bus. My dad, known for his stubbornness, wouldn’t give in. After a few heated words, he sighed and handed me the keys. “Fine, but be careful,” he said. I slid into the car, a bit triumphant. The roads looked fine, I thought, barely an inch of snow, I started the car and pulled out of the driveway, feeling a surge of independence. But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and f was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank. I spent a long frustrating minute trying to get it out. pressing down on the engine, trying every trick I knew. Eventually, I realized I was going to have to call my dad. When he arrived, his face was a mix of anger and disappointment. We pulled the car out with some help, but the damage was done. Now, every time I’m tempted to ignore someone’s advice, I think back to that day. Sometimes it’s smarter to listen than to prove a point. That day left me a little poorer and a lot wiser. 36. What did the writer’s father suggest he do due to the snowy conditions? A. Staying home. B. Walking to school. C. Going to school by bus. D. Drive slowly on the road. 37. What does the word “triumphant” (paragraph 5) most likely mean? A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful. 38. What happened to the car when the writer tried to make a sharp turn? A. It made the turn safely. B. It slid off the road and hit another car. C. It came to a complete stop in the road. D. It started to slip and crashed into a snowbank. 39. What lesson did the writer learn from the experience? A. It’s better to think twice before saying no to others’ advice. B. It’s always best to rely on oneself in challenging situations. C. Driving in snowy conditions ought to be legally prohibited. D. Arguing with parents often leads to misunderstandings. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者不听父亲的建议，下雪天还坚持要开车去上学，结果急转弯时，汽车开始打滑，撞到了雪堆上。让作者明白了在拒绝别人的建议之前最好三思而后行。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The roads are covered in snow. You’re taking the bus today.(道路上覆盖着雪。你今天坐公共汽车去吧)”可知，由于下雪的情况，作者的父亲建议他乘公共汽车上学。故选C。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“After a few heated words, he sighed and handed me the keys. ‘Fine, but be careful,’ he said.(激烈地说了几句之后，他叹了口气，把钥匙递给了我。‘很好，但要小心，’他说。)”可知，激烈争辩后父亲让步，故作者应是有些得意。故划线词意思是“得意的”。故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and f was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank.(但当我穿过社区时，湿滑的道路考验了我的信心。过了一个急转弯，我就遇到麻烦了——汽车开始打滑。我试着慢下来，但已经太晚了。汽车滑进了雪堆里)”可知，当作者试图急转弯时，汽车开始打滑，撞到了雪堆上。故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now, every time I’m tempted to ignore someone’s advice, I think back to that day. Sometimes it’s smarter to listen than to prove a point. That day left me a little poorer and a lot wiser.(现在，每当我想忽视别人的建议时，我就会回想起那天。有时候，倾听比证明一个观点更明智。那一天让我变穷了一点，却变得聪明了很多)”可知，作者从这次经历中学到了在拒绝别人的建议之前最好三思而后行。故选A。 D （2025年徐汇一模） Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why? Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. In her other classes, though, Caroline would be sure to choose just the right seat. Caroline liked to think of herself as one of the cool kids, but she also did well in school and liked learning. So, Caroline wanted to sit close to the cool kids, but not too close, or she would be more interested in talking than paying attention. She also knew that it was good to be friends with the smart kids, because they could help Caroline with her schoolwork. However, she didn’t want to sit too close to the smart kids. Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. Caroline had all of this in mind as she walked through the school’s front door on the first day. She knew where her first class was, but she didn’t want to be the first one there. If you were the first one there, you didn’t have any control at all! Other people got to choose how close they sat to you, not the other way around. This simply would not do. So, she took her time walking down the hall, taking a minute to talk to her friend Alma, whom she hadn’t seen for the entire summer. At last, she walked through the door of her first class, and there it was, the perfect seat! Two seats away from Jasmine, the smartest girl in her entire grade, and just in front of Marc, who was very cool and totally cute. There was a new guy to the left, which could be a risk, but how bad could a new guy be? So Caroline started toward the seat, being careful not to rush, when Marc’s best friend Jason sat down in her chair! Sure, there were other seats, but no other perfect ones. Saddened but not discouraged, Caroline sat down in the second-best seat and immediately started planning for lunchtime, when she was determined to get the best seat in the cafeteria. 36. As used in paragraph 1, the word “drawback” most nearly means “_________”. A. disadvantage B. benefit C. virtue D. withdrawal 37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. Caroline was often seen as a cool kid, not a smart kid. B. Caroline wanted to be the only smart kid in her school. C. If Caroline was seen as a smart kid, no one would think she was cool. D. Caroline’s school was unusual in that smart kids were also cool. 38. According to the passage, Caroline makes sure not to get to class too early by _________. A. taking time to fix her hair B. going to the wrong class C. waiting outside the school gate D. stopping to talk to her friend 39. How did Caroline feel about the new guy sitting next to her desired seat? A. She was thrilled to have a new friend to sit next to. B. She was concerned he might be a disturbance. C. She was relieved that he didn’t take the perfect seat. D. She was disappointed because he didn’t look cool. 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Caroline在新学期选择座位的心路历程。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. (Zach被Caroline吸引，会给她递纸条、讲笑话来吸引她的注意，从而分散她学习的注意力。总的来说，作为Robbins家族的一员很不错，但是不得不坐在Zach前面绝对是一个drawback)”可知，Zach分散她学习的注意力，坐在Zach前面绝对是一个不利条件或缺点。drawback在此处的意思是“不利条件，缺点”。A. disadvantage缺点，不利条件；B. benefit好处；C. virtue美德；D. withdrawal撤回。故选A。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. (不幸的是，在Caroline的学校里，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子并不是同一批人)”可知，在Caroline的学校，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子不是同一批孩子。由此可以推断出，如果Caroline被认为是聪明的孩子，那么就不会有人认为她是酷的孩子。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“She knew where her first class was, but she didn’t want to be the first one there. If you were the first one there, you didn’t have any control at all! Other people got to choose how close they sat to you, not the other way around. This simply would not do. So, she took her time walking down the hall, taking a minute to talk to her friend Alma, whom she hadn’t seen for the entire summer. (她知道自己的第一节课在哪里，但她不想第一个到那里。如果你是第一个到的，那你就完全没有控制权了！其他人可以选择离你多近坐下，而不是你来选择。这绝对不行。于是，她慢慢地走在走廊里，花了一分钟的时间和整个夏天都没见过的朋友Alma聊天)”可知，为了确保不会太早到教室，Caroline停下来和朋友聊天。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“There was a new guy to the left, which could be a risk, but how bad could a new guy be? (左边有一个新来的男生，这可能有点冒险，但新来的男生能有多坏呢？)”可知，Caroline对坐在她想要的座位旁边的新来的男生感到担忧，认为他可能会是一个干扰。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$