01 Unit2 知识清单(含必备知识结构图&即时训练&单元词汇记忆表)-2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必选择修第二册)

Unit 2 Sports culture (译林版2020选择必修第二册) Ⅰ必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1. 　　　n. 团结, 齐心协力 2. n. (统称)人, 人类;人性;人道, 仁慈 3. n. 追求的目标, 夙愿;野心, 雄心, 壮志 4. adj. 同类的, 同情况的, 同伴的 n. 同辈, 同类;男人, 家伙 5. n. 一段时间, 一场;会议, 开庭;学年 6. n. 体质, 身体素质;宪法, 章程 7. n. 名人;名望 8. n. 谦逊, 谦虚 9. n. 高雅, 文雅;优美;风度, 体面 10. n. 习语, 成语 11. n. 联赛;等级, 级别 12. n. 保险业;保险;保险费 13. adv. 无意地, 非故意地 14. adj. 联合的, 共同的 n. 关节;接合处 15. n. 边界, 分界线 16. vt. 表现, 表露;证实, 证明;示范, 演示 vi. 游行示威 17. adv. 以后, 后来 18. vi. 接着做, 继而做, 继续从事(或进行);行进, 前往 19. adj. 一致的, 始终如一的;连续的 20. vi. & vt. 属于某等级, 把……分等级;排列, 使排成行 n. 地位, 级别;等级;排, 列;军衔 21. n. 趋势, 趋向 22. adj. 完全同样的 23. n. 接力赛 vt. 转发(信息、消息等);播放, 转播 24. n. 业余运动员, 业余爱好者;生手, 外行 adj. 业余的 25. vt. & vi. 倒, 斟;倾倒, 倒出;涌流, 倾泻;下大雨 26. n. 尊严;自尊;高贵 27. vi. 产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 28. vt. 处理, 应付;控制, 操纵 n. 把手, 拉手;柄 29. adj. 刻毒伤人的;残酷的 答案：1. solidarity 2. humanity 3. ambition 4. fellow 5. session 6. constitution 7.celebrity 8. humility 9. grace 10. idiom 11. league 12. insurance 13. unintentionally 14. joint 15. boundary 16. demonstrate 17. afterwards 18. proceed 19. consistent 20.rank 21. trend 22.identical 23. relay 24.amateur 25. pour 26. dignity 27. backfire 28. handle 29. cruel 根据汉语提示完成句子(单词拼写)。 1．Slow down! The speed l is 60 miles per hour, and you must not drive faster than that. 【答案】limit/imit 【详解】考查名词。句意：减速！限速是每小时60英里，你不能开得比这更快。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填名词limit，意为“限制”，作主语，根据后文is可知，此处应用名词单数形式。故填limit。 2．People from d cultures across the world work together in this company. 【答案】diverse/iverse 【详解】考查形容词。句意：来自世界各地不同文化的人们在这家公司一起工作。根据首字母提示d以及cultures可知，此处用形容词diverse“不同的，各种各样的”，修饰cultures，作前置定语，故填diverse。 3．The athlete has p (参加) in various international competitions throughout his career. 【答案】participated/articipated 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这位运动员在他的整个职业生涯中参加了各种国际比赛。根据中英文提示可知，表示“参加”用动词participate，结合空前has可知，空处应用过去分词形式构成现在完成时。故填participated。 4．His flight had been d (推迟) because of the thunderstorm. 【答案】delayed/elayed 【详解】考查动词。句意：他的航班因雷雨而延误。根据汉语提示和首字母d以及空格前的had been可知，空格处应该用动词delay的过去分词形式delayed构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填delayed。 5．As an athlete, she is (竞争、比赛) for her country. 【答案】competing 【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一名运动员，她正在为她的国家比赛。结合汉语提示及句意可知，此处应填动词compete，意为“竞争、比赛”，表示正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时态，已有be动词is，空处需填现在分词形式。故填competing。 6．The two sisters wore i dresses to the party, which made it difficult for others to tell them apart. 【答案】identical/dentical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这两姐妹穿了同样的衣服去参加聚会，这样别人很难把她们区分开来。根据句意和首字母i以及空格后的名词dresses可知，空格处应该用形容词identical“完全相同的”作定语。故填identical。 7．She was beginning to have dreams of her own and she would (行进) to action. 【答案】proceed 【详解】考查动词。句意：她开始有了自己的梦想，并会采取行动。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用动词proceed作谓语，且空前有情态动词would，故此处应用动词原形，故填proceed。 8．The child is best (激发) when following his own interests. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】motivated 【详解】考查动词。句意：当这个孩子追随自己的兴趣时，他的积极性最能被激发出来。“激发”为动词motivate，和主语the child是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与is构成一般现在时的被动语态，故填motivated。 9．He outlined his plans, p to explain them in more detail for fear that we missed the points. 【答案】proceeding/roceeding 【详解】考查动词。句意：他概述了他的计划，接着又更详细地解释，生怕我们没有抓住要点。根据单词首字母以及句意“接着，继续”，可知应用动词proceed，与he构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填proceeding。 10．She finally achieved her a of building a strong business in China. 【答案】ambition/mbition 【详解】考查名词。句意：她终于实现了在中国建立强大企业的雄心壮志。根据句意“雄心壮志”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词ambition，作宾语。故填ambition。 11．The animal abuser was sent to prison for his c treatment of pets. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】cruel/ruel 【详解】考查形容词。句意：动物施虐者被送进监狱，因为他残忍地对待宠物。空处作修饰treatment的定语，结合“The animal abuser”和首字母提示可推知，形容词cruel“残忍的”符合题意，表示“残忍地对待宠物”。故填cruel。 12．She thought her strict diet would help her lose weight, but it b and she ended up gaining weight instead. 【答案】backfired/ackfired 【详解】考查动词。句意：她原以为严格的饮食会帮助她减肥，但结果适得其反，她反而长胖了。空处作谓语，结合“she ended up gaining weight instead”和首字母提示可推知，动词backfire“产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果，适得其反”符合题意，且结合“ended”可知，时态为一般过去时，backfire需用过去式的形式。故填backfired。 Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. vi. 参加, 参与→ n. 参加, 参与→ n. 参加者, 参与者 2. vi. 参加比赛;竞争→ n. 比赛;竞争→ adj. 竞争的, 竞赛的→ n. 比赛者;竞赛者 3. n. 人种; 民族; 种族→ adj. 种族的;种族间的→ adv. 种族地 4. adj. 多种多样的, 不同的→ n. 多样性 5. vt. 激励, 激发;成为……的动机, 是……的原因→ adj. 积极的, 主动的→ n. 动机;积极性 6. vt. & vi. 称赞, 赞许;鼓掌→ n. 掌声, 鼓掌, 喝彩 7. v. 选举, 推选, 当选→ n. 选举, 推选;当选 8. n. 信心;宗教信仰→ adj. 忠实的, 可靠的→ adv. 忠实地;如实地 9. n. 追求的目标, 夙愿;野心, 雄心, 壮志→ adj. 有雄心的, 有野心的→ adv. 雄心勃勃地;劲头十足地 10. adj. 渐渐的, 逐渐的→ adv. 逐步地, 逐渐地 11. n. 限制;极限;界限, 限度;限量, 限额 vt. 限制, 限定;限量, 减量→ adj. 有限的→ adj. 无限的 12. v. 反对→ adj. 反对的→ adj. 对抗的;相反的→ n. 对手, 竞争者;反对者 13. adj. 自私的→ adj. 无私的, 忘我的→ n. 无私→ adv. 无私地 14. vt. 给……保险;确保→ n. 保险;保险业;保险费 15. vi. & vt. 抱怨, 投诉→ n. 抱怨 16. n. 谈论, 言论 vi. & vt. 说起, 评论→ adj. 值得注意的, 不寻常的 答案：1.participate, participation, participant 2. compete, competition, competitive, competitor 3. race, racial, racially 4. diverse, diversity 5. motivate, motivated, motivation 6. applaud, applause 7. elect, election 8. faith, faithful , faithfully 9. ambition, ambitious, ambitiously 10. gradual,, gradually 11. limit, limited, limitless 12.oppose, opposed, opposing, opponent 13. selfish, unselfish, unselfishness, unselfishly 14. insure, insurance 15.complain, complaint 16. remark, remarkable 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1．The team’s efforts to score were prevented by the (oppose) goalkeeper. 【答案】opposing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：球队的进球努力被对方守门员阻止了。提示词修饰名词goalkeeper，用形容词opposing作定语，意为“对抗的，相反的”。故填opposing。 2． (motivate) by the original Olympic motto, many well-known athletes have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence. 【答案】Motivated 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：受到原始奥林匹克格言的激励，许多知名运动员致力于追求卓越的运动表现。motivate是个动词，意思是“激励”，这个句子已经存在谓语have devoted，所以motivate需要转化为非谓语动词，它和逻辑主语many之间呈被动关系，应该使用过去分词。还要注意首字母大写，故答案是Motivated。 3．The party failed to win the (elect).   【答案】election 【详解】考查名词。句意：该党未能赢得选举。空处应填名词election“选举”作win的宾语。故填election。 4．Charlie ran for Head of the Student Committee but failed in the (elect) due to his lack of speech skills. 【答案】election 【详解】考查名词。句意：查理竞选学生会主席，但由于缺乏演讲技巧，他在选举中失败了。提示词作介词宾语，用名词election，意为“选举”，特指竞选学生会主席的那次选举，用单数形式。故填election。 5．People from (diversity) cultures work together in this company. 【答案】diverse 【详解】考查形容词。句意：来自不同文化背景的人在这家公司一起工作。空处应用形容词diverse“不同的”在句中作定语修饰名词cultures。故填diverse。 6．Chinese photographers eared amounts of (applaud) after they were honored as the top prize winners at the 14th Astronomy Photographer of the Year Competition. 【答案】applause 【详解】考查名词。题意：中国摄影师在第14届年度天文摄影师大赛中获得最高奖项后，赢得了大量的掌声。applaud是个动词，意思是“为……鼓掌”，横线前有介词of，说明横线处应该填入名词，applaud的名词是applause，不可数。故答案是applause。 7．They had (intentionally) provided wrong information, leading to a series of miscommunications. 【答案】unintentionally 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们无意中提供了错误的信息，导致了一系列的沟通不畅。本空修饰动词provide，用副词unintentionally“无意地”，作状语。故填unintentionally。 8．In the debate, the two speakers presented (oppose) arguments, which made for a lively discussion. 【答案】opposing/opposite 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在辩论中，两位发言人提出了相反的观点，这使得讨论非常热烈。空处需填形容词，作定语修饰名词arguments，oppose为动词，其形容词为opposing或opposite，意为“相反的”。故填opposing或opposite。 9． can't help solve any problems. We should stop and take actions to make our earth a better place to live in.  (complain) 【答案】 Complaints complaining 【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意：抱怨解决不了任何问题。我们应该停止抱怨，采取行动，使我们的地球成为一个更美好的居住地。第一个空为名词做主语，表示多种抱怨，用名词复数complaints，首字母大写。第二个空考查stop doing这一用法，动名词complaining作宾语。故填Complaints；complaining。 10．And in 2011, livestock exports to Indonesia were stopped after evidence of (cruel) emerged there. 【答案】cruelty 【详解】考查名词。句意：2011年，在印尼出现虐待牲畜的证据后，美国停止了对印尼的牲畜出口。根据“evidence of”可知，空处需填名词作介词的宾语，cruel作形容词，表示“残忍的”，名词cruelty表示“残忍，虐待”表示抽象含义时，是不可数名词。故填cruelty。 Ⅳ. 重点短语默写清单 1. 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事  2. 欢天喜地, 得意扬扬  3. 正确客观地看待  4. 偶然来到, 无意中处于  5. 改变条件(或规则)  6. 进乌龙球;无意中做让自己吃亏的事  7. 差不多  8. 大致相近的估计  9. 给某人出难题  10.  三振出局 11. 不公正的, 伤人的  12. 认输, 承认失败  答案：1. call on sb. to do sth. 2. walk on air 3. keep sth. in perspective 4. find one’s way into 5. move the goalposts 6. score an own goal 7. in the ballpark 8. a ballpark estimate 9. throw sb. a curveball 10. three strikes and you are out 11. below the belt 12.throw in the towel 用方框内所给短语完成句子。 score an own goal break faith with, devote …to… call on sb. to do, for the first time be recognized as…,be opposed to in the ballpark, be intended to, below the belt 1．He fell in love with his girlfriend when they met . 2．You can’t expect your friends to trust you if you them. 3．It is high time that we ourselves protecting the ocean. 4．Albert Einstein one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. 5．They people and the government take measures to fight against air pollution. 6．Her wife strongly purchasing any products that are at a discount. 7．Her rude remarks were so that he hit the table heavily with his fist. 8．A book takes a few days to read ，while a movie lasts about two hours. 9．The activity help international students better understand our tea-drinking culture. 10．A player in the opposing team ，which made our team rank fourth in the league. 答案：1. for the first time 2. break faith with 3. devote/ should devote…to… 4. is recognized as 5. call on to 6. is opposed to 7. below the belt 8.in the ballpark 9. was intended to 10. scored an own goal Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1. It was. . . who/that. . . 强调句 _____________ a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, brought the Olympics back to life.   是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。 2. 介词短语位于句首的倒装 ________________________________, both male and female.   他们中有许多著名的运动员, 男女都有。 3. as if引导状语从句 _____________________, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child.   似乎那还不够, 2016年, 在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后, 她重返奥运会, 并获得一枚银牌。 4. make+宾语+宾语补足语 Idioms ___________________________________.   习语使语言更加丰富多彩, 富有表现力。 5. so +助动词/be/ 情态动词+主语 Sport is challenging and ____________________.   运动是充满挑战的, 生活亦是如此。 6. wish引导虚拟句 Thankfully, goalposts do not really move —but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might _____________.   值得庆幸的是, 门柱不会真的移动, 但当一名球员踢进乌龙球时, 他或她可能希望门柱移动。 答案：1. It was… who 2. Among them are many well-known athletes 3. As if that were not enough 4. make language more colourful and expressive 5. so is life 6. wish they did 完成句子 1．正是在老师的帮助下，我的英语取得了巨大进步。（强调句） I in English learning. 【答案】 It was with the help of my teacher that made great progress 【详解】考查强调句。此处用强调句：It is/ was+被强调部分+that/ who+其它；表示“在老师的帮助下”为with the help of my teacher，为被强调部分，故用that；表示“取得巨大进步”短语为make great progress，结合语境发生在过去用一般过去时。故填①It was with the help of my teacher that；②made great progress。 2．市中心有一尊雕像。（倒装句） In the centre of the city . 【答案】stands a sculpture 【详解】考查倒装句。根据句子和句意，该句为全部倒装句，正常语序应为“一尊雕像立于市中心”，名词sculpture表示“雕像”，该句表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，故译为A sculpture stands in the centre of the city；完全倒装句将介词短语表示的地点状语放在句首，后面的主语和谓语位置互换，故转换为In the centre of the city stands a sculpture。故填stands a sculpture。 3．她看起来好像什么事都没发生过似的。(as if) She looks to her. 【答案】as if nothing had happened 【详解】考查虚语气。此处是as if“好像”引导的表语从句，且从句用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时。发生为“happen”。故填as if nothing had happened。 4．很多人在做事时往往都是以失败开始，让自己处于尴尬的境地甚至受人批评。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) Many people often begin with failure when they do things, . 【答案】which makes them in an embarrassing situation and even criticized 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、介词短语、主谓一致、形容词和过去分词。由句意此处应用非限制性定语从句，对前面整句话内容进行补充说明，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which，指代前面整句话的内容，表示“迫使；让”应用使役动词make，作谓语动词，其后接复合宾语，由句意此处应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，表示“处于……的境地”应用介词短语in a...situation，表示“令人尴尬的”应用形容词embarrassing，作定语，修饰situation，表示“批评”应用动词criticise，与make的宾语them之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，作宾语补足语。故答案为which makes them in an embarrassing situation and even criticised。 5．你努力学习英语，Tom也是这样。（so+助动词+主语） You work hard at English，and . 【答案】so does Tom 【详解】此句考查so的倒装形式。英语中常用"so+助动词+主语"表示"……也是如此"。使用时应注意助动词的选择，结合汉语部分可知Tom的谓语动词是单数第三人称，再结合语境，句子使用一般现在时，故填so does Tom。 6．我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。（wish后的虚拟语气） Jim’s party, for I have to do some extra work tonight. 【答案】I wish that I hadn’t agreed to go to 【详解】考查虚拟语气。根据中英文提示，缺少“我要是当时没有答应参加”，可知，句子为含有wish的虚拟语气，从句为“当时没有答应参加”根据“当时”，可知，表示与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时。agree to do 答应做某事。故填I wish that I hadn’t agreed to go to。 Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading 　The Olympics,an extraordinary sporting event, is held every four 1. (year) for about 3,000 years,bringing joy and excitement to people across the world. The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE. During the early Games,only Greek men could compete 2. a few events,such as boxing,running and the long jump. The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens. The Olympics 3. ______(bring)back to life by Pierre de Coubertin,whose dream was that the Olympics would help people of different 4. (race)origins and from different cultures live side 5. side in peace. 6. _______ (motivate)by the original Olympic motto “Faster,Higher,Stronger”,many well-known athletes have devoted themselves to 7. (achieve)sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement. Two such Olympians were Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis-Hill,both of 8. gained remarkable achievements. China has a short history of competing in the Olympics but in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, in addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time,China also 9. (rank)first in the medal table. Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics,which is thought to be another 10. (history)moment for China.   答案：1.years 2. in 3.were brought 4. racial 5.by 6. Motivated 7. achieving 8.whom 9.ranked 10.historic 2. Extended reading 　Lots of sports idioms have found their way 1. everyday language,2. make language more colourful and expressive. The English language is full of idioms which 3. (think)to have come from football,such as “moving the goalposts”,“scoring an own goal”. “Moving the goalposts” 4. (mean)they unfairly change the rules or 5. (require)of a process while “scoring an own goal”means that someone makes a bad mistake which 6. (intention)harms their own interests. Baseball is another old and popular sport that has given the English language many different idioms. “Three strikes and you are out” is also an idiom that is often used to talk about situations 7. you miss three chances. English also has a large number of idioms 8. _____ (relate)to boxing,which has been a popular sport for thousands of years. Sport is 9. (challenge) and so is the study of the English language. Work hard,be careful not to score 10. own goal,and you are sure to make it!  答案:1. into2.which 3. are thought 4.means 5. requirements 6.unintentionally 7. where 8. related 9. challenging 10. an 附:单元词汇记忆表 solidarity n. 团结，齐心协力 *BCE abbr. 公元前 participate vi. 参加，参与 compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争 racial adj. 种族的；种族间的 diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的 joint adj. 联合的，共同的n. 关节；接合处 motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为…的动机，是…的原因 *motto n. (pl. mottoes, mottos)格言，座右铭 boundary n. 边界，分界线 demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示vi. 游行示威 afterwards (also afterward)/adv. 以后，后来 proceed vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事（或进行）；行进，前往 *flame n. 火焰，火舌 applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌 track and field 田径运动 consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的 call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 humanity n. （统称）人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈 rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把…分等级；排列，使排成行n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 trend n. 趋势，趋向 *hurdle n. (hurdles) 跨栏赛；栏架；障碍 election n. 选举，推选；当选 *advent n. （重要事件、人物等的）到来，出现 faith n. 信心；宗教信仰 ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志 *ascend vi. & vt. 上升，升高，登高 identical adj. 完全同样的 fellow adj. 同伴的，同情况的，同类的n. 同辈，同类；男人，家伙 relay n. 接力赛vt. 转发（信息、消息等）；播放，转播 chest n. 胸部；大箱子 cheek n. 面颊，脸颊 half-marathon n. 半程马拉松赛跑 amateur/ n. 业余运动员，业余爱好者；生手，外行adj. 业余的 ankle n. 坏，踝关节 gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 session n. 一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年 limit n. 限度，限制；限量，限额；界限vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量 marathon n. 马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动（或工作） chairman n.（委员会的）委员长，主席；（会议的）主席，主持人 constitution n. 体质，身体素质；宪法，章程 pour vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 walk on air 欢天喜地，得意扬扬 keep sth in perspective 正确客观地看待 celebrity n. 名人；名望 opponent n. 对手，竞争者；反对者 *humility n. 谦逊，谦虚 *grace n. 高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面 dignity n. 尊严；自尊；高贵 *bobsleigh n. 大雪橇（供两人或两人以上比赛用） unselfish adj.无私的，忘我的 idiom n. 习语，成语 find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于 league n. 联赛；等级，级别 opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的 net n. (the net) 球门网；网，网状物 move the goalposts 改变条件（或规则） insurance n. 保险业；保险；保险费 salesman n. 售货员，推销员 complain vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉 score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 unintentionally adv. 无意地，非故意地 council n. 政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会 backfire vi. 产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果 ballpark n. 棒球场；变动范围 in the ballpark 差不多 a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计 venue n. 活动场地 *curveball n. 曲线球 throw sb a curveball 给某人出难题 handle vt. 处理，应付；控制，操纵n. 把手，拉手；柄 three strikes and you are out 三振出局 fist n. 拳，拳头 waist n. 腰，腰部；（衣服的）腰部 below the belt不公正的，伤人的 cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的，残酷的 remark n. 谈论，言论vi. & vt. 说起，评论 towel n. 毛巾，抹布，纸巾 throw in the towel 认输，承认失败 literally adv. 真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上 iron n. 铁；熨斗vt. & vi.（用熨斗）熨，烫平 ( 1 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Sports culture (译林版2020选择必修第二册) Ⅰ必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1. 　　　n. 团结, 齐心协力 2. n. (统称)人, 人类;人性;人道, 仁慈 3. n. 追求的目标, 夙愿;野心, 雄心, 壮志 4. adj. 同类的, 同情况的, 同伴的 n. 同辈, 同类;男人, 家伙 5. n. 一段时间, 一场;会议, 开庭;学年 6. n. 体质, 身体素质;宪法, 章程 7. n. 名人;名望 8. n. 谦逊, 谦虚 9. n. 高雅, 文雅;优美;风度, 体面 10. n. 习语, 成语 11. n. 联赛;等级, 级别 12. n. 保险业;保险;保险费 13. adv. 无意地, 非故意地 14. adj. 联合的, 共同的 n. 关节;接合处 15. n. 边界, 分界线 16. vt. 表现, 表露;证实, 证明;示范, 演示 vi. 游行示威 17. adv. 以后, 后来 18. vi. 接着做, 继而做, 继续从事(或进行);行进, 前往 19. adj. 一致的, 始终如一的;连续的 20. vi. & vt. 属于某等级, 把……分等级;排列, 使排成行 n. 地位, 级别;等级;排, 列;军衔 21. n. 趋势, 趋向 22. adj. 完全同样的 23. n. 接力赛 vt. 转发(信息、消息等);播放, 转播 24. n. 业余运动员, 业余爱好者;生手, 外行 adj. 业余的 25. vt. & vi. 倒, 斟;倾倒, 倒出;涌流, 倾泻;下大雨 26. n. 尊严;自尊;高贵 27. vi. 产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 28. vt. 处理, 应付;控制, 操纵 n. 把手, 拉手;柄 29. adj. 刻毒伤人的;残酷的 根据汉语提示完成句子(单词拼写)。 1．Slow down! The speed l is 60 miles per hour, and you must not drive faster than that. 2．People from d cultures across the world work together in this company. 3．The athlete has p (参加) in various international competitions throughout his career. 4．His flight had been d (推迟) because of the thunderstorm. 5．As an athlete, she is (竞争、比赛) for her country. 6．The two sisters wore i dresses to the party, which made it difficult for others to tell them apart. 7．She was beginning to have dreams of her own and she would (行进) to action. 8．The child is best (激发) when following his own interests. 9．He outlined his plans, p to explain them in more detail for fear that we missed the points. 10．She finally achieved her a of building a strong business in China. 11．The animal abuser was sent to prison for his c treatment of pets. (根据首字母单词拼写) 12．She thought her strict diet would help her lose weight, but it b and she ended up gaining weight instead. Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. vi. 参加, 参与→ n. 参加, 参与→ n. 参加者, 参与者 2. vi. 参加比赛;竞争→ n. 比赛;竞争→ adj. 竞争的, 竞赛的→ n. 比赛者;竞赛者 3. n. 人种; 民族; 种族→ adj. 种族的;种族间的→ adv. 种族地 4. adj. 多种多样的, 不同的→ n. 多样性 5. vt. 激励, 激发;成为……的动机, 是……的原因→ adj. 积极的, 主动的→ n. 动机;积极性 6. vt. & vi. 称赞, 赞许;鼓掌→ n. 掌声, 鼓掌, 喝彩 7. v. 选举, 推选, 当选→ n. 选举, 推选;当选 8. n. 信心;宗教信仰→ adj. 忠实的, 可靠的→ adv. 忠实地;如实地 9. n. 追求的目标, 夙愿;野心, 雄心, 壮志→ adj. 有雄心的, 有野心的→ adv. 雄心勃勃地;劲头十足地 10. adj. 渐渐的, 逐渐的→ adv. 逐步地, 逐渐地 11. n. 限制;极限;界限, 限度;限量, 限额 vt. 限制, 限定;限量, 减量→ adj. 有限的→ adj. 无限的 12. v. 反对→ adj. 反对的→ adj. 对抗的;相反的→ n. 对手, 竞争者;反对者 13. adj. 自私的→ adj. 无私的, 忘我的→ n. 无私→ adv. 无私地 14. vt. 给……保险;确保→ n. 保险;保险业;保险费 15. vi. & vt. 抱怨, 投诉→ n. 抱怨 16. n. 谈论, 言论 vi. & vt. 说起, 评论→ adj. 值得注意的, 不寻常的 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1．The team’s efforts to score were prevented by the (oppose) goalkeeper. 2． (motivate) by the original Olympic motto, many well-known athletes have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence. 3．The party failed to win the (elect).   4．Charlie ran for Head of the Student Committee but failed in the (elect) due to his lack of speech skills. 5．People from (diversity) cultures work together in this company. 6．Chinese photographers eared amounts of (applaud) after they were honored as the top prize winners at the 14th Astronomy Photographer of the Year Competition. 7．They had (intentionally) provided wrong information, leading to a series of miscommunications. 8．In the debate, the two speakers presented (oppose) arguments, which made for a lively discussion. 9． can't help solve any problems. We should stop and take actions to make our earth a better place to live in.  (complain) 10．And in 2011, livestock exports to Indonesia were stopped after evidence of (cruel) emerged there. Ⅳ. 重点短语默写清单 1. 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事  2. 欢天喜地, 得意扬扬  3. 正确客观地看待  4. 偶然来到, 无意中处于  5. 改变条件(或规则)  6. 进乌龙球;无意中做让自己吃亏的事  7. 差不多  8. 大致相近的估计  9. 给某人出难题  10.  三振出局 11. 不公正的, 伤人的  12. 认输, 承认失败  用方框内所给短语完成句子。 score an own goal break faith with, devote …to… call on sb. to do, for the first time be recognized as…,be opposed to in the ballpark, be intended to, below the belt 1．He fell in love with his girlfriend when they met . 2．You can’t expect your friends to trust you if you them. 3．It is high time that we ourselves protecting the ocean. 4．Albert Einstein one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. 5．They people and the government take measures to fight against air pollution. 6．Her wife strongly purchasing any products that are at a discount. 7．Her rude remarks were so that he hit the table heavily with his fist. 8．A book takes a few days to read ，while a movie lasts about two hours. 9．The activity help international students better understand our tea-drinking culture. 10．A player in the opposing team ，which made our team rank fourth in the league. Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1. It was. . . who/that. . . 强调句 _____________ a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, brought the Olympics back to life.   是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。 2. 介词短语位于句首的倒装 ________________________________, both male and female.   他们中有许多著名的运动员, 男女都有。 3. as if引导状语从句 _____________________, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child.   似乎那还不够, 2016年, 在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后, 她重返奥运会, 并获得一枚银牌。 4. make+宾语+宾语补足语 Idioms ___________________________________.   习语使语言更加丰富多彩, 富有表现力。 5. so +助动词/be/ 情态动词+主语 Sport is challenging and ____________________.   运动是充满挑战的, 生活亦是如此。 6. wish引导虚拟句 Thankfully, goalposts do not really move —but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might _____________.   值得庆幸的是, 门柱不会真的移动, 但当一名球员踢进乌龙球时, 他或她可能希望门柱移动。 完成句子 1．正是在老师的帮助下，我的英语取得了巨大进步。（强调句） I in English learning. 2．市中心有一尊雕像。（倒装句） In the centre of the city . 3．她看起来好像什么事都没发生过似的。(as if) She looks to her. 4．很多人在做事时往往都是以失败开始，让自己处于尴尬的境地甚至受人批评。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) Many people often begin with failure when they do things, . 5．你努力学习英语，Tom也是这样。（so+助动词+主语） You work hard at English，and . 6．我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。（wish后的虚拟语气） Jim’s party, for I have to do some extra work tonight. Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading 　The Olympics,an extraordinary sporting event, is held every four 1. (year) for about 3,000 years,bringing joy and excitement to people across the world. The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE. During the early Games,only Greek men could compete 2. a few events,such as boxing,running and the long jump. The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens. The Olympics 3. ______(bring)back to life by Pierre de Coubertin,whose dream was that the Olympics would help people of different 4. (race)origins and from different cultures live side 5. side in peace. 6. _______ (motivate)by the original Olympic motto “Faster,Higher,Stronger”,many well-known athletes have devoted themselves to 7. (achieve)sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement. Two such Olympians were Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis-Hill,both of 8. gained remarkable achievements. China has a short history of competing in the Olympics but in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, in addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time,China also 9. (rank)first in the medal table. Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics,which is thought to be another 10. (history)moment for China.   2. Extended reading 　Lots of sports idioms have found their way 1. everyday language,2. make language more colourful and expressive. The English language is full of idioms which 3. (think)to have come from football,such as “moving the goalposts”,“scoring an own goal”. “Moving the goalposts” 4. (mean)they unfairly change the rules or 5. (require)of a process while “scoring an own goal”means that someone makes a bad mistake which 6. (intention)harms their own interests. Baseball is another old and popular sport that has given the English language many different idioms. “Three strikes and you are out” is also an idiom that is often used to talk about situations 7. you miss three chances. English also has a large number of idioms 8. _____ (relate)to boxing,which has been a popular sport for thousands of years. Sport is 9. (challenge) and so is the study of the English language. Work hard,be careful not to score 10. own goal,and you are sure to make it!  附:单元词汇记忆表 solidarity n. 团结，齐心协力 *BCE abbr. 公元前 participate vi. 参加，参与 compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争 racial adj. 种族的；种族间的 diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的 joint adj. 联合的，共同的n. 关节；接合处 motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为…的动机，是…的原因 *motto n. (pl. mottoes, mottos)格言，座右铭 boundary n. 边界，分界线 demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示vi. 游行示威 afterwards (also afterward)/adv. 以后，后来 proceed vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事（或进行）；行进，前往 *flame n. 火焰，火舌 applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌 track and field 田径运动 consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的 call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 humanity n. （统称）人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈 rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把…分等级；排列，使排成行n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 trend n. 趋势，趋向 *hurdle n. (hurdles) 跨栏赛；栏架；障碍 election n. 选举，推选；当选 *advent n. （重要事件、人物等的）到来，出现 faith n. 信心；宗教信仰 ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志 *ascend vi. & vt. 上升，升高，登高 identical adj. 完全同样的 fellow adj. 同伴的，同情况的，同类的n. 同辈，同类；男人，家伙 relay n. 接力赛vt. 转发（信息、消息等）；播放，转播 chest n. 胸部；大箱子 cheek n. 面颊，脸颊 half-marathon n. 半程马拉松赛跑 amateur/ n. 业余运动员，业余爱好者；生手，外行adj. 业余的 ankle n. 坏，踝关节 gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 session n. 一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年 limit n. 限度，限制；限量，限额；界限vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量 marathon n. 马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动（或工作） chairman n.（委员会的）委员长，主席；（会议的）主席，主持人 constitution n. 体质，身体素质；宪法，章程 pour vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 walk on air 欢天喜地，得意扬扬 keep sth in perspective 正确客观地看待 celebrity n. 名人；名望 opponent n. 对手，竞争者；反对者 *humility n. 谦逊，谦虚 *grace n. 高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面 dignity n. 尊严；自尊；高贵 *bobsleigh n. 大雪橇（供两人或两人以上比赛用） unselfish adj.无私的，忘我的 idiom n. 习语，成语 find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于 league n. 联赛；等级，级别 opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的 net n. (the net) 球门网；网，网状物 move the goalposts 改变条件（或规则） insurance n. 保险业；保险；保险费 salesman n. 售货员，推销员 complain vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉 score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 unintentionally adv. 无意地，非故意地 council n. 政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会 backfire vi. 产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果 ballpark n. 棒球场；变动范围 in the ballpark 差不多 a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计 venue n. 活动场地 *curveball n. 曲线球 throw sb a curveball 给某人出难题 handle vt. 处理，应付；控制，操纵n. 把手，拉手；柄 three strikes and you are out 三振出局 fist n. 拳，拳头 waist n. 腰，腰部；（衣服的）腰部 below the belt不公正的，伤人的 cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的，残酷的 remark n. 谈论，言论vi. & vt. 说起，评论 towel n. 毛巾，抹布，纸巾 throw in the towel 认输，承认失败 literally adv. 真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上 iron n. 铁；熨斗vt. & vi.（用熨斗）熨，烫平 ( 10 / 10 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$