阅读理解：说明文（5选）专项练-2025年初中英语一轮中考备考

阅读理解 Technologies Making School Life “SMART” E-booksIn the future, students may only bring e-books to school. In fact, some schools are already doing this. E-books can store notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags. Robot teachersThere are robot teachers in the schools in some cities. These robots can help students with their studies. They can also help them solve problems. E-skatesWith a pair of e-skates, you can walk to school faster! E-skates can be tied to your shoes easily. And there are four speed settings you can choose. Flying aidsIf students get hurt and need help at schools, drones (无人机) can be of great use. They can offer help faster than people and they can also carry medicine or clothes. 根据以上内容，选择正确答案。 1．How many technologies are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．How do students feel with lighter schoolbags? A．Worried. B．Relaxed. C．Bored. D．Surprised. 3．Who can help students with their studies according to the passage? A．The robot teachers. B．The parents. C．The workers. D．The friends. 4．Which is the best choice if you want to walk to school faster? A．Flying aids. B．Clothes. C．E-skates. D．Schoolbags. 5．Where does the passage probably come from? A．A travel magazine. B．A movie magazine. C．A technology magazine. D．A music magazine. Progress means the act of going forward. Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life. By setting and actively working towards our goals, we can make progress in our life. To make more progress in life, start looking at problems in a different way. Whatever happens, if we think positively, it can be useful and helpful. We need to know that problems are part of our life. After we solve problems one after another, we can make more progress and become stronger. Having confidence (信心) is helpful for us to make progress. Confidence comes from different places, such as proper education, training or having good relationships. We should also stay with people who believe in our success and actively support us. These people can help push us towards progress. Slow progress is still progress. Just as the old saying goes, “It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.” Progress usually comes a lot more slowly than we expect. Even if progress is slow, try not to be worried. One important thing is that we keep taking steps towards our goals, and another is that we clearly remember what our goals are all the time. The actual speed isn’t important. The road to progress is not always smooth. Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way. Sometimes, maybe it feels like we’re taking one step forward and three steps back, but it won’t always be like that. Keep going towards our goals and we can much more easily make the progress we want. Progress doesn’t always happen in a straight line. As long as we keep working, we will achieve higher levels. 6．What does progress make us do? A．Set lifelong goals. B．Go forward easily. C．Live healthily and happily. D．Think about new things. 7．What does Paragraph 3 tell us? A．We should support different people. B．Some people can push us to failure. C．Confidence helps us make progress. D．Different schools expect the same progress. 8．What does the writer say about slow progress? A．It often goes smoothly. B．It still means progress. C．It sometimes stops progress. D．It always gives us a clear mind. 9．Which word is close to the underlined word “setbacks”? A．Prizes. B．Advantages. C．Excuses. D．Difficulties. 10．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Ideas about Making Progress B．Keys to Speeding up Progress C．Meanings of Having Confidence D．Suggestions on Relationships You are always told to wash your hands before you eat. You know you must wash your hands after going to the bathroom. You should wash your hands many times during the day. Do you know how to wash your hands correctly? Always use soap to wash your hands. After turning on the tap (水龙头) and wetting your hands, you can rub (摩擦) your hands with soap. Soap may not kill all the germs (细菌), but it can wash away the oil on your skin. As the oil is washed away, the germs will leave your hands and go away. You should wash your hands for 15-20 seconds. How do you know the length (长度) of 15-20 seconds? You can sing ABC Song. By the time you get to the last note, your hands will be clean! Rub your hands together. You can use one hand to rub the back of the other hand and then exchange two hands. You also need to rub between your fingers. Don’t forget to rub under and around your fingernails. Maybe your hands don’t look dirty, but there are germs on them. Germs are too small for you to see. They are on your hands all the time. Many illnesses are caused by germs, so you should often wash your hands. 11．Why does the writer mention ABC Song? A．Because it is the most popular song in the world. B．Because everyone can sing this song very well. C．Because washing hands is as easy as singing ABC Song. D．Because you can sing this song to know the length of washing hands. 12．The underlined word “note” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese. A．音符 B．注释 C．笔记 D．便条 13．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Using soap to wash your hands. B．Using a clean towel (毛巾) to dry your hands. C．Washing your hands for about 20 seconds. D．Rubbing under and around your fingernails. 14．According to the passage, you can know ________. A．why you should often wash hands B．what the best soap people usually use is C．what kind of germs there are on your hands D．how many germs there are on your hands 15．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to stay healthy. B．How to protect your fingers. C．How to wash hands correctly. D．How to keep away from germs. A recent TV series To the Wonder has become China’s breakout TV hit of the year. It has also won praise at a film festival abroad. To the Wonder is based on the award-winning novel of Li Juan, My Altay, and is directed by Teng Congcong. It is very poetic and filled with beautiful wisdom. The TV drama follows the journey of Li Wenxiu. She once wished to leave Altay, an area in Northern Xinjiang. After failing to realize her dream in the capital of Xinjiang, Li has to move back to her hometown and tries to find a new direction for herself. At first, Li finds it hard to understand her neighbours’ traditional way of thinking. Under the influence of her mother Zhang Fengxia, Li starts to see the place and its people in a new light. Later, she comes to understand their lifestyle and respect for nature. Fans describe watching the drama as an experience in the wonderland. “It’s like breathing in fresh air or lying under the sun,” said one fan. “It is a unique drama, very different from the usual Chinese series. A must-watch if you want to discover the beauty of the grassland and life there,” another fan said. “People enjoy the wonderful view of Altay. But the key to the success of the series lies in its ability to connect with the viewers on a human level,” said Teng Congcong. “In the drama, everyone communicates sincerely. Even if I disagree with you, I sincerely respect you. In fact, this is a very important part of human nature—the love for truth, goodness and beauty.” 16．To the Wonder is the name of·________. A．a foreign drama B．a famous film C．a TV series D．a beautiful poem 17．Why does Li Wenxiu come back to Altay? A．To look after her mother. B．To find herself a new direction. C．To help the local people. D．To enjoy its beautiful view. 18．The underlined word “unique” has the closest meaning to ________. A．serious B．common C．special D．strange 19．What is the key to the success of To the Wonder according to Director Teng? A．Its sincere respect for nature. B．The beautiful wisdom of the writer. C．The lifestyle of the local people. D．Its sincere connection with viewers. 20．What is the purpose of the text? A．Everyone communicates sincerely B．Life requires believing in miracles C．A love for truth, goodness, and beauty D．Sincerely respect you People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 21．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 22．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 23．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 24．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 25．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers We’ve all seen pictures of camels carrying heavy loads (负载物) across the sandy desert. They walk without stopping for food or water for several days. Have you ever wondered how they do it? For your answer, take a look at the bag round hump which is on a camel’s back. Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water. The hump is like a spare cupboard (备用食物柜) where the camel stores (储存) food and water for days when there is nothing to eat or drink. When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms. The food is changed into fat (脂防) and stored in the camel’s bump. When there is nothing to eat or drink, camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps. That’s why they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water. Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel’s blood cells (组胞). Camels save water too. They never know when they’ll find the next watering hole. As they breathe out, their noses close quickly. The water in the breath stays in their bodies. After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight. The camel’s hump will become very small. As soon as this camel gets to an oasis (绿洲), it will take in hundreds of litres of water. In a day, it will get back most of its weight. Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life. 26．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The shape of the hump. B．The habit of the camel. C．The function (功能) of the hump. D．The ability of the camel 27．Which is TRUE about the hump? A．The hump stores different kinds of food. B．The hump always stays the same size. C．The hump can store more than 130 litres water. D．The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions. 28．What does the underlined word “sponges” mean? A．海绵 B．弹簧 C．水桶 D．吸管 29．Why docs the writer use some numbers in this passage? A．To explain the facts more clearly. B．To express the ideas more politely. C．To make the article more educational. D．To make the language more beautiful. 30．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Camels have some amazing abilities. B．Camels are good helpers for desert people. C．Camels have a great quality of never wasting water. D．Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert. Pencils and Pens No one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it was a piece of wood with lead inside it. (Lead is a very heavy, soft, dark gray metal.) Pencils weren’t popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens. Then, in 1795, someone started making pencils from graphite (石墨), and they became very popular. One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long. People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip (蘸) the point into ink after every few letters. Next, someone invented a fountain pen that could hold ink inside it. A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again. Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen. English pilots liked the pens. They couldn’t write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros’ company. Some people call ballpoint pens “Bics.” Australians call them “Biros.” Whatever we call them, we use them every day. 阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。 31．A ________ described a pencil in 1565. A．Canadian B．German C．Swiss D．Japanese 32．The first pens were ________. A．feathers B．stone C．graphite D．wooden 33．One pencil can write ________ English words. A．1,795 B．50,000 C．55 D．1,943 34．Which of the following is NOT true? A．A fountain pen can hold ink inside it. B．Ballpoint pen are good for writing in airplanes. C．Fountain pens may leak ink. D．Biros’ company bought Bic. 35．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．We use pens and pencils every day. B．There were many kinds of pens before ballpoint pens. C．Pens and pencils are very useful inventions. D．Pens were invented earlier than pencils. 参考答案 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 1．细节理解题。根据文章可知，本文提到了电子书、机器人教师、电子滑板以及无人机四种技术。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“E-books can store notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags.”可知，学生们对于更轻的书包感到放松。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“These robots can help students with their studies.”可知，机器人教师会帮助学生们学习。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“With a pair of e-skates, you can walk to school faster!”可知，用电子滑板可以更快到学校。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读文章可知，本文介绍了四种可以在学校应用的技术，故文章来源于“科技杂志”。故选C。 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 6．细节理解题。根据“Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life”可知任何形式的进步都能使我们在生活中健康快乐。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据“Having confidence (信心) is helpful for us to make progress”以及本段内容可知信心有助于我们取得进步。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“Slow progress is still progress”可知缓慢的进步仍然是进步。故选B。 9．词义猜测题。根据“The road to progress is not always smooth. Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way”可知通往进步的道路并不总是平坦的，大多数进步往往伴随着挫折，故此处划线部分意为“挫折，困难”，和difficulties意义相近。故选D。 10．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了如何取得进步，虽然通往进步的道路不总是平坦的，但是只要我们继续努力，我们就会达到更高的水平，以选项A“关于进步的想法”为标题最合适。 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．C 11．推理判断题。根据“How do you know the length (长度) of 15-20 seconds? You can sing ABC Song.”可知可以通过唱歌知道洗手的时间，故选D。 12．词句猜测题。根据“You can sing ABC Song. By the time you get to the last note, your hands will be clean!”可知，唱到最后一个音符，手就洗好了，可推测“note”意为“音符”，故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据“Always use soap to wash your hands.”，“You should wash your hands for 15-20 seconds.”和“Rub your hands together.”可知，并没有提到用干净的毛巾擦干手，故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据“Many illnesses are caused by germs, so you should often wash your hands.”可知，细菌可以导致很多疾病，所以要勤洗手，说明我们可以知道为什么要经常洗手，故选A。 15．主旨大意题。根据“Do you know how to wash your hands correctly?”以及下文介绍的洗手方法可知，本文主要是介绍如何正确洗手，故选C。 16．C 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．C 16．细节理解题。根据“A recent TV series To the Wonder has become China’s breakout TV hit of the year.”可知，《我的阿勒泰》是一部电视剧。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据“After failing to realize her dream in the capital of Xinjiang, Li has to move back to her hometown and tries to find a new direction for herself.”可知，李文秀回到阿勒泰是为了寻找新的方向。故选B。 18．词句猜测题。根据下文“very different from the usual Chinese series”可知，这部剧与一般的中国剧集非常不同，所以“unique”应该是“特别的”意思。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据“But the key to the success of the series lies in its ability to connect with the viewers on a human level…”可知，导演认为该剧成功的关键在于其能够在人性层面与观众建立联系。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。根据“In fact, this is a very important part of human nature—the love for truth, goodness and beauty.”及全文可知，《我的阿勒泰》这部剧中的每个人都真诚地交流，这是人性中非常重要的一部分——对真、善、美的爱。故本文的目的是为了表达“对真、善、美的热爱”。故选C。 21．D 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 21．推理判断题。根据“In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ... It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D “一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单” 符合语境，故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，当鸡看到门后有食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。选项D符合 “快速而响亮的声音” 这一描述，故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。 24．词句猜测题。根据“Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings.”可知，一些科学家已经在研究一种可以……鸡的情感的智能计算机程序。联系前文可知，是为了识别鸡的情感，故选C。 25．最佳标题题。本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤，选项B “快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡” 符合主题，故选B。 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．A 30．D 26．主旨大意题。根据“Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water...”可知本段主要介绍了驼峰的功能。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据“When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”可知当生活很好，有充足的食物和饮料时，骆驼的驼峰可以长到40公斤大，可见驼峰的重量取决于饮食条件。故选D。 28．词义猜测题。根据“Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”可知是像海绵一样，可以吸水，故此处划线部分意为“海绵”。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据“a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”“they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water.”“They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”以及“After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight.”可知这些数字更好地描述了骆驼的情况，即为了更准确地解释事实。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活，即骆驼在沙漠中有一套完美的生活系统。故选D。 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C 31．细节理解题。根据“A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565”可知，一位瑞士人在1565年的一本书中描述了铅笔，故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据“They used bird feathers as pens”可知，最早是用鸟的羽毛作笔，故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据“One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long”可知，一支铅笔可以写5万个英语单词，故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据“Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros’ company.”可知，一家名为Bic的法国公司收购了Biros的公司，D表述错误，故选D。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了钢笔和铅笔这两种发明的发展历史，故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$