热点03 环境污染与保护（四大题型）-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（北京专用）

热点03 环境污染与保护（四大题型） 随着全球对环境保护意识的增强，高考英语阅读可能会更多地选取与自然生态相关的文章，如气候变化、生物多样性保护、环境污染与治理等热点话题。这些文章旨在引导学生关注环境问题，培养环保意识和责任感。考生应加强对这些话题的了解，积累相关词汇和表达方式。 （建议用时：60分钟） 阅读理解 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京朝阳·期中）A species can be termed temporarily “lost” after not being sighted for a decade, but researchers still hope to find it again eventually. In 2023, that hope led to the rediscovery of Attenborough’s echidna, unseen for half a century. Inspired, Thomas Evans and his team have created a database of 856 lost and 424 rediscovered species. The database keeps growing faster than explorers can keep up with, despite increasingly advanced technologies for tracing unseen creatures reaching an expertise level. The study indicates many rediscovered species appear to follow a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals or birds tending to live near humans and in more-developed countries. Thus, Evans says if an animal is up to snuff but continues to be out of researchers’ sight after long searches, it’s probably gone forever. On the contrary, animals that don’t exhibit the pattern for easy rediscovery are very much alive out there. “Because they are generally difficult to come across and are therefore met with less exploratory attention, in most cases, small, unattractive species are more likely to be seemingly extinct but still alive,” Evans says. Evans hopes such details will help conservationists like Christina Biggs, who has been drawing upon a list of 25 “most wanted” species for Texas-based charity Re: wild since 2017. “Currenuly, Re: wild is finalizing its 2024 search lists, using the study’s results. We have to make hard decisions on where to put our money, and Evans’s research helps to direct us,” says Biggs. But is it always in a lost species’ best interest to be found? After a rediscovery, it can take months to secure an area from hunters or tourists.  “In publicizing something you’ve rediscovered, you’re publicizing a food source for hunters,” says biologist James Kempton. Biggs notes, however, rediscoveries often strengthen protection efforts. When a species is rediscovered, protected areas will be made possible. Biggs adds that for some hard- to-find species, researchers could use Evans’s study to decide if a creature is likely still alive — and then draw broad protected areas around its general region, where other endangered species also live, rather than send possibly fruitless explorers to the area to prove the animal’s existence. Beyond the scientific gains, searching for lost species plays a crucial role in understanding and protecting our world. Once, the Yongsu Sapari community used Attenborough’s echidnas as a peace tool to settle arguments. “If brothers fought, they had to find an Attenborough’s echidna, a solution that is increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “So, everything is connected. Every species behaves in an ecosystem and fulfills a purpose.” 1．What does the underlined phrase “is up to snuff” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Fits the profile. B．Adapts well. C．Breaks the habit. D．Grows mature. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Technology has reduced the number of missing species. B．Publicizing rediscovery secures the future of lost species. C．Larger animals face a higher extinction risk than smaller ones. D．Animals neighboring humans receive more attention in searches. 3．What might Christina Biggs agree with? A．The number of echidnas will increase after its rediscovery. B．Exploratory missions matter more than habitat preservation. C．Extinct species come with both ecological and cultural losses. D．Thomas Evans has instructed Re: wild to identify the 25 species. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员如何通过创建数据库来追踪和重新发现“失联”物种，并讨论了重新发现物种对保护工作的影响以及公众宣传的双刃剑效应。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前“The study indicates many rediscovered species appear to follow a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals or birds tending to live near humans and in more-developed countries.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家)”及划线词后“but continues to be out of researchers’ sight after long searches, it’s probably gone forever.(但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了)”可知，如果一个动物符合重新被发现的标准，即体型大、有吸引力、生活在人类附近或更发达的国家，但在长时间的搜寻后仍未被找到，那么它可能已经永远消失了。故划线词“is up to snuff”与A项“符合标准”意义相近。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study indicates many rediscovered species appear to follow a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals or birds tending to live near humans and in more-developed countries. Thus, Evans says if an animal is up to snuff but continues to be out of researchers’ sight after long searches, it’s probably gone forever. On the contrary, animals that don’t exhibit the pattern for easy rediscovery are very much alive out there. “Because they are generally difficult to come across and are therefore met with less exploratory attention, in most cases, small, unattractive species are more likely to be seemingly extinct but still alive,” Evans says.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家。因此，埃文斯说，如果一种动物符合标准，但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了。相反，不符合容易重新发现模式的动物很可能仍然活着。“因为它们通常难以遇见，因此得到的探索关注较少，大多数情况下，小型、不吸引人的物种看起来已经灭绝，但实际上仍然活着，”埃文斯说)”可知，人类相邻的动物由于更容易被注意到和重新发现，因此它们受到的关注更多。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beyond the scientific gains, searching for lost species plays a crucial role in understanding and protecting our world. Once, the Yongsu Sapari community used Attenborough’s echidnas as a peace tool to settle arguments. “If brothers fought, they had to find an Attenborough’s echidna, a solution that is increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “So, everything is connected. Every species behaves in an ecosystem and fulfills a purpose.(除了科学上的收获，寻找失联物种在理解和保护我们的世界中发挥着关键作用。曾经，Yongsu Sapari社区使用爱登堡针鼹作为一种和平工具来解决争端。“如果兄弟们争吵，他们必须找到一只爱登堡针鼹，但这种情况越来越难，”比格斯说。“所以，一切都是相互关联的。每个物种在生态系统中都有其行为和作用)”可知，比格斯会同意的观点是：灭绝的物种不仅带来生态上的损失，还有文化上的损失。故选C。 Passage2 （24-25高三上·北京顺义·期末）One day in the fall of 2023, a young Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross was lying listless in southeastern Brazil’s Santos Basin. Beach monitors found the young bird in the sand, weak and dying. The cause of the albatross’s disaster was evident: it was caught in a weather balloon, which, sadly, is just one instance of a bigger environmental headache. Globally, hundreds of thousands of weather balloons are launched into the sky every year, and the majority are never recovered. Instead, their waste—a mix of latex, cotton and plastics — remains in marine (海洋的) ecosystems for years. And because only a small percentage of dead animals wash ashore, the impact is likely worse than the numbers suggest. The root of this mounting trouble lies in the very nature of how weather balloons operate. Weather balloons are used to get high-altitude (高空) data like air temperature and pressure. Once a balloon has travelled up about 21 miles and its volume has grown 100-fold, it explodes, shooting pieces in all directions. Australian researchers at the Tangaroa Blue Foundation first flagged the problem of weather-balloon garbage a decade ago. Over 21 months, they collected 2,460 pieces of weather-balloon litter around the Great Barrier Reef. The researchers estimated that up to 70 percent of Australia’ s weather balloons end up in the ocean. One study notes that while some of the materials used in weather balloons are considered biodegradable, much of it is not breaking down quickly. Some companies have produced special materials now made from plant-based fiber designed to weaken much faster than previous cotton versions. But the new models are 20 to 30 percent more expensive. Despite the higher cost, weather bureaus (局) have started to reduce the impact by trying out more sustainable balloons and switching from white to blue balloons, which marine animals may be less likely to mistake for food. Some agencies also announced they would be testing drones (无人机) to collect weather data, which are recoverable. Weather agencies aren’t trialing these new devices only because they’ re more sustainable; they also want better data. For now, though, balloons still fly much higher than drones, so they remain an important data-collecting tool. Lower-impact versions would at least be a small improvement for the ocean’s animals. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The functions of weather balloons. B．The problems of using weather balloons. C．The composition of weather balloon waste. D．The difficulty of weather balloon recycling. 2．What can we learn about weather balloons? A．Weather balloon waste can hardly break down. B．New versions of weather balloons are being tried. C．Weather balloons cause the death of most sea animals. D．Drones are better in collecting data than weather balloons. 3．What does the author think of the changes mentioned in the passage? A．Valuable but risky. B．Exciting and hopeful. C．Necessary and reliable. D．Promising but incomplete. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了气象气球对海洋生态系统造成的影响，包括气象气球的使用、废弃物问题、现有解决方案以及未来可能的替代方案。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Globally, hundreds of thousands of weather balloons are launched into the sky every year, and the majority are never recovered. Instead, their waste — a mix of latex, cotton and plastics — remains in marine (海洋的) ecosystems for years. And because only a small percentage of dead animals wash ashore, the impact is likely worse than the numbers suggest.(在全球范围内，每年有数十万个气象气球被发射到天空中，其中大多数都没有被回收。相反，它们的废物——乳胶、棉花和塑料的混合物——会在海洋生态系统中留存多年。由于只有一小部分死亡动物被冲上岸，因此影响可能比数字所显示的更严重)”可知，本段主要讲述使用气象气球导致的问题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some companies have produced special materials now made from plant-based fiber designed to weaken much faster than previous cotton versions. But the new models are 20 to 30 percent more expensive. Despite the higher cost, weather bureaus (局) have started to reduce the impact by trying out more sustainable balloons and switching from white to blue balloons, which marine animals may be less likely to mistake for food.(一些公司已经生产出由植物纤维制成的特殊材料，这种材料比以前的棉质材料更容易变弱。但是新型号要贵20%到30%。尽管成本更高，但气象部门已经开始尝试使用更可持续的气球，并将白色气球换成蓝色气球，以减少海洋动物误以为食物的可能性)”可知，新版本的气象气球正在试验中。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Weather agencies aren’t trialing these new devices only because they’ re more sustainable; they also want better data. For now, though, balloons still fly much higher than drones, so they remain an important data-collecting tool. Lower-impact versions would at least be a small improvement for the ocean’s animals.(气象机构试用这些新设备并不仅仅是因为它们更可持续；他们也想要更好的数据。但就目前而言，气球仍然比无人机飞得高得多，因此它们仍然是重要的数据收集工具。对海洋动物来说，低影响的版本至少是一个小小的改善)”可推知，作者认为目前的改变是有希望的但还不完善。故选D项。 Passage3 （2024·北京丰台·二模）A shopkeeper’s son breaks a window, causing a crowd to gather. They tell the shopkeeper not to be angry: actually, the broken window is a reason to celebrate, since it will create work for the glazier (装玻璃的工人). In the story, written by a 19th-century economist, the crowd envisions the work involved in repairing the window, but not that  involved in everything else on which the shopkeeper could have spent his money — unseen possibilities that would have brought him greater happiness. If that window were to be broken these days, people might have a different reaction, especially if they were NIMBYs (Not In My Back Yard) who oppose any local construction that affects their quality of life. Their concern might be with the “embodied carbon”. The production of a piece of glass would carry a sizeable carbon cost. Similarly, the bricks and concrete in a building are relics of past emissions. They are, the logic goes, embodied carbon. Conserving what already exists, rather than adding to the building stock, will avoid increasing these embodied emissions — or so NIMBYs often suggest. At its worst, this idea is based on a warped logic. Greenhouse gases released by the construction of an existing building will heat the planet whether the building is repaired or knocked down. The emissions have been taken out of the world’s “carbon budget”, so treating them as anew debit means double counting. The right question to ask is whether it is worth using the remaining carbon budget to repair a building or it is better to knock it down. Choosing between these possibilities requires thinking about the unseen. It used to be said that construction emitted two types of emissions. Besides the embodied sort, there were operational ones from cooling, heating and providing electricity to residents. Around the world, buildings account for 39% of annual emissions, according to the World Green Building Council, of which 28% come from operational carbon. These two types of emissions might be enough for the architects designing an individual building. But when it comes to broader questions, economists ought also to consider how the placement of buildings affects the manner in which people work, shop and travel. Density (密度) lowers the per-person cost of public transport, and this reduces car use. Research by Green Alliance, a pressure group, suggests that in Britain a policy of “demolish (拆除) and densify” — replacing semi-detached housing near public transport with blocks of flats — would save substantial emissions. Without such demolition, potential residents would typically have to move to the suburbs instead, saving money on rent but consuming more energy. Targeted subsidies (补贴), especially for research and development into construction materials, could speed up the pace at which the built environment decarbonises. What will never work, however, is allowing the loudest voices to decide how to use land and ignoring the carbon emissions of their would-be neighbours once they are out of sight. 1．The first two paragraphs are written to ________. A．exemplify an outlook on energy conservation B．present a new way of relieving energy crisis C．explain people’s reaction to a broken window D．introduce an argument on carbon emission 2．What does the underlined word “warped” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unsound. B．Complicated. C．Distinctive. D．Underlying. 3．What can be learnt from the passage? A．Operational carbon accounts for a larger share of carbon emission. B．Repairing old buildings outweighs demolition in energy conservation. C．Higher residential density near public transport may help reduce emission. D．Stopping residents from living in new buildings is sensible to energy saving. 4．As for decarbonization of the built environment, which would the author agree with? A．Interests of NIMBYs are worthy of consideration. B．A comprehensive insight into emission is essential. C．Upgrading construction materials should be prioritized. D．Every resident should do their bit in reducing carbon emission. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了建筑行业中的“隐含碳”问题，指出建筑物中的砖块和混凝土是过去排放的遗迹。从逻辑上讲，它们是隐含的碳。无论是修缮还是拆除现有建筑，建筑所释放的温室气体都将使地球升温。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A shopkeeper’s son breaks a window, causing a crowd to gather. They tell the shopkeeper not to be angry: actually, the broken window is a reason to celebrate, since it will create work for the glazier (装玻璃的工人). In the story, written by a 19th-century economist, the crowd envisions the work involved in repairing the window, but not that  involved in everything else on which the shopkeeper could have spent his money — unseen possibilities that would have brought him greater happiness.(一个店主的儿子打破了一扇窗户，引起了一群人的聚集。他们告诉店主不要生气：实际上，打破窗户是一个值得庆祝的理由，因为这将为玻璃匠创造工作机会。在这个由一位19世纪经济学家撰写的故事中，人们想象的是修理窗户的工作，而不是店主本可以花钱购买的其他东西，这些东西看不见，可能会给他带来更大的幸福)”以及第二段“If that window were to be broken these days, people might have a different reaction, especially if they were NIMBYs (Not In My Back Yard) who oppose any local construction that affects their quality of life. Their concern might be with the “embodied carbon”. The production of a piece of glass would carry a sizeable carbon cost. Similarly, the bricks and concrete in a building are relics of past emissions. They are, the logic goes, embodied carbon.(如果这扇窗户现在被打破了，人们可能会有不同的反应，特别是如果他们是邻避主义者（不要在我的后院），他们反对任何影响他们生活质量的地方建设。他们担心的可能是“隐含碳”。一块玻璃的生产将带来相当大的碳成本。同样，建筑物中的砖块和混凝土是过去排放的遗迹。从逻辑上讲，它们是隐含的碳)”可推知，前两段是用来介绍一个关于碳排放的论点。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Conserving what already exists, rather than adding to the building stock, will avoid increasing these embodied emissions — or so NIMBYs often suggest.(保护已经存在的东西，而不是增加建筑存量，将避免增加这些隐含的排放——邻避主义者经常这样建议)”以及“Greenhouse gases released by the construction of an existing building will heat the planet whether the building is repaired or knocked down.(无论是修缮还是拆除现有建筑，建筑所释放的温室气体都将使地球升温)”可知，邻避主义者的建议是不健康的，故划线词意思是“不健康的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Density (密度) lowers the per-person cost of public transport, and this reduces car use. Research by Green Alliance, a pressure group, suggests that in Britain a policy of “demolish (拆除) and densify” — replacing semi-detached housing near public transport with blocks of flats — would save substantial emissions.(人口密度降低了公共交通的人均成本，从而减少了汽车的使用。压力集团绿色联盟的研究表明，在英国，“拆除和密集”政策——用公寓楼取代公共交通附近的半独立式住房——将节省大量的排放)”可知，公共交通附近较高的住宅密度可能有助于减少排放。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Targeted subsidies (补贴), especially for research and development into construction materials, could speed up the pace at which the built environment decarbonises. What will never work, however, is allowing the loudest voices to decide how to use land and ignoring the carbon emissions of their would-be neighbours once they are out of sight.(有针对性的补贴，尤其是对建筑材料研发的补贴，可能会加快建筑环境脱碳的步伐。然而，允许最响亮的声音来决定如何使用土地，而忽视潜在邻居在视线之外的碳排放，这是永远行不通的)”可推知，关于建筑环境的脱碳，作者同意对排放的全面了解是必要的。故选B。 Passage 4 （23-24高三上·北京昌平·期末）Drought is an increasing problem in our warming world. All continents have been experiencing more extended periods without rain, leading to forest fires and poor crop growth. Consequently, people are looking at cloud seeding to solve the problem — a method of encouraging precipitation (降水) by sending small particles of certain chemicals into clouds. Cloud-seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its effectiveness. “My earliest experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail (冰雹) in northeast Colorado. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in Utah. Now, the focus is shifting towards increasing rainfall from summer clouds, which is far more unpredictable.” said he. The problem is that it’s pretty hard to know whether precipitation resulted directly from cloud seeding. It might have rained or snowed anyway. Even if you cloud seed in one place and don’t in another, it’s impossible to know for sure what caused the precipitation. Also, it’s not during foggy and snowy conditions that people think of increasing the chance of rainfall. When a country is hit by drought, then cloud seeding isn’t an option due to the lack of clouds. During drought, skies tend to be clear with few clouds. The best option to prevent drought is to seed at times of the year when rainfall levels are normal or higher. That way, slightly more rain can be stored the dry season. As cloud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness tenuous, its usefulness is still a matter of opinion. University of Colorado researcher Katja Friedrich says cloud seeding can’t end a drought. However, it can be beneficial, provided it occurs alongside other water conservation strategies. Still, for that to happen, the water would need to be captured and stored effectively. There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals, and some studies have found them slightly poisonous. Apart from that, some environmentalists are concerned about the long-term impacts, as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate (累积) in the environment over 10 years. Another fear is that cloud seeding could potentially steal water from neighbouring areas by encouraging the water in clouds that would otherwise fall somewhere else to fall in your location. If one country uses cloud seeding to create rain, a neighbouring country will also be very likely to lose out because clouds are constantly forming and reforming. 1．In Huggins’ study, at first cloud seeding was used to . A．increase annual snowfall in Utah B．send chemicals into summer clouds C．lower the amount of hail in Colorado D．put out forest fires and help crops grow 2．What does the underlined word tenuous in the fourth paragraph probably mean? A．Negative. B．Weak. C．Surprising. D．Various. 3．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Should we seed clouds to make rain? B．Should we seed clouds at a lower price? C．Can cloud seeding help end a drought? D．Can cloud seeding be more eco-friendly? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“My earliest experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail (冰雹) in northeast Colorado. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in Utah. (我最早的经验是在科罗拉多东北部使用人工降雨来减少冰雹的数量。我们没有任何运气，但后来我们成功地在犹他州增加了降雪量。)”可知，Huggins的研究中，人工降雨最初是被用来减少科罗拉多冰雹的数量。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据前文“As cloud seeding is expensive (因为人工降雨是昂贵的)”以及划线词后面的内容“its usefulness is still a matter of opinion. (它的用处仍然是一个意见问题。)”可知，此处强调人工降雨是昂贵的即人工降雨的缺点，划线词应该表述人工降雨效果不佳的特征，才能与前文构成并列，由此引发人们对其用处的争议。B选项“Weak(微弱的，无影响力的)”与划线词为同义词。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。结合倒数第二段“There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals, and some studies have found them slightly poisonous. Apart from that, some environmentalists are concerned about the long-term impacts, as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate (累积) in the environment over 10 years.(此外，人工降雨还会对环境造成影响。高浓度的化学物质会对人类和其他动物造成伤害，一些研究发现它们有轻微的毒性。除此之外，一些环保主义者担心长期影响，因为没有数据表明这些化学物质在10年内在环境中积累了多少。)”和最后一段“Another fear is that cloud seeding could potentially steal water from neighbouring areas by encouraging the water in clouds that would otherwise fall somewhere else to fall in your location. If one country uses cloud seeding to create rain, a neighbouring country will also be very likely to lose out because clouds are constantly forming and reforming.(另一个担忧是，人工降雨可能会促使原本会落在其他地方的云中的水落到你所在的位置，从而潜在地从邻近地区窃取水分。如果一个国家使用人工降雨，其邻国也很可能会损失，因为云在不断形成和变化。)”，再通读全文，本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。A选项“Should we seed clouds to make rain?( 我们应该使用人工降雨吗？)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选A。 Passage5 （23-24高三上·北京丰台·期末）The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution (归因) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences. Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome”(热穹顶) across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrote the poet John Keats just over 200 years ago. When it comes to climate, truth can feel closer to terror these days. But scientists are right to insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the only way to avoid the most disastrous outcomes. In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”. Like the historical responsibility for carbon emissions, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared out. Billions of people around the world, and above all in the global south, are caught up day-to-day in a struggle for survival. This doesn’t mean they don’t recognise global heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are more directly exposed to environmental damage than anyone else. But western governments, businesses and people who are relatively sheltered from global heating’s worst effects should recognise this as the privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Conference fast approaching, western governments must follow through on their promises of climate finance to enable a green transition in the developing world. The purpose of attribution science is not simply to warn the world about what is happening, but to aid preparations for what has not happened yet. The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous. But alternatives exist, and insisting on this point has never been more important. The alarming findings of attribution scientists can give rise to desperation-but must not be allowed to end determination and hope. 1．The attribution studies imply that ____. A．policies addressing climate issues are ineffective B．it is hard to link CO2 with the effects of global heating C．the extent of global heating’s consequences is unpredictable D．humans are to blame for the increased occurrence of disasters 2．How does Prof Bill McGuire feel about the present climate crisis? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Puzzled. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．The global south is in urgent need of financial support. B．The speeding up of global warming has spelled trouble. C．Global heating affects western countries to a larger extent. D．The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission has worked. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To urge the public to follow the science. B．To persuade the scientists to further their study. C．To assess the current policy on the climate crisis. D．To confirm the public’s concern for global heating. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.(报告显示，温室气体排放大大增加了强烈热浪、飓风和洪水发生的可能性。它还详细说明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖后果的程度)”和第二段“Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome” across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change.(直到21世纪初，当第一批归因研究发表时，很难将大气中的二氧化碳与全球变暖的明显影响联系起来。多亏了越来越多的研究，现在我们知道了。如果没有人为造成的气候变化，去年夏天全球破纪录的“热穹顶”几乎是不可能的)”可知，归因研究表明，气候变暖是人类造成的，人类应为灾害的增加负责。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”.(Bill McGuire教授在新书《温室地球》中认为，我们已经到了将危险降至最低视为“气候绥靖”的阶段)”可知，Bill McGuire认为现在人们只是降低危险，但对气候变暖不加抵制，退让屈服，从而对当前的气候危机感到担忧。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous.(最令人担忧的全球趋势是，除了排放量仍在上升，这意味着我们正朝着2.5°C的升温方向发展之外，它已经以出乎意料的速度造成混乱。考虑到我们现在所知道的1°C变暖的影响，可以毫不夸张地说，这种趋势是灾难性的)”可知，全球变暖的加速带来了麻烦。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。结合全文及文章第一段“The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.(一个由400多项极端天气归因研究组成的新数据库背后的科学家们提供了一项重要服务。这项工作汇集了每一项此类研究，应该会在决策和竞选活动中产生更大的紧迫感。这表明，强烈的热浪、飓风和洪水都更有可能是由温室气体排放造成的。它阐明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖的后果)”可知，文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。故选A项。 阅读表达 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 “One person’s trash is another person’s treasure.” That’s a common expression, but the next time you throw something away, think about a twist on the old saying. What if your trash could become your own treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and environmentally minded people have come up with a way to make that happen. It’s called upcycling. Our world would be a better place if everyone would begin upcycling. Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. For example, how about that pair of jeans with a hole in one knee? It could become a new pillow for your bedroom. How about the old T-shirts you never wear anymore? It could be sewed together to make a picnic blanket. All of these are examples of upcycling. Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Recycling is undoubtedly good for the environment, while upcycling is actually much better for the environment and protection of natural resources. Upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. On the other hand, recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, breaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product, which requires a great deal of energy. When you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own.   Upcycling also makes a family’s budget stretch further. Before you run to the store to buy something, look around your house. Old teacups can be transformed into candles. And an old ladder can even become a bookshelf. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs. Flour sacks were used to make clothes, and a broken door became a new table. Today we should follow the examples of our great-grandparents and save money by upcycling. As responsible citizens, we should all be concerned with protecting our environment and budgeting our resources. Upcycling is a fun and creative way to help. The next time you go to toss something into the trash can, stop and think about what it could become. Chances are, there’s a brand-new item in your hand just waiting to be upcycled. 1．What is upcycling according to the passage? 2．Why is upcycling much better for the environment than recycling? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ● During the Great Depression in the 1930s, people had to use what they already had in order to protect the environment. 4．The Spring Festival is coming. Figure out one thing to upcycle. Explain what you will do with it and how it will help with the celebration of the festival. (about 40 words) 【答案】1．Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. 2．Because it protects natural resources. 3．During the Great Depression in the 1930s, people had to use what they already had in order to protect the environment. Because during the Great Depression in the 1930s, people had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs, not to protect the environment. 4．I plan to upcycle the bottles at home. I will turn glass bottles into candle holders or glass lamps, which will add to the festive atmosphere during the festival. As for plastic bottles, I’ll remodel them into air-tight containers, which can help store grains and stop moths from getting in. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了升级改造。解释了升级改造的含义、和回收利用的不同之处以及升级改造的好处。指出作为负责任的公民，我们都应该关心保护环境和节约资源，而升级改造是一种有趣又有创意的环保方式。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful.(升级改造就是把不需要的东西变成有用的东西)”可知，升级改造就是把不需要的东西变成有用的东西。故答案为Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Recycling is undoubtedly good for the environment, while upcycling is actually much better for the environment and protection of natural resources. (升级改造和回收不一样。回收无疑对环境有益，而升级回收实际上对环境和自然资源的保护要好得多)”以及“Upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. (升级改造不仅能减少垃圾填埋场的垃圾数量，还能保护石油和天然气等自然资源)”可知，升级回收比循环利用更环保，因为它保护自然资源。故答案为Because it protects natural resources. 3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs.(在20世纪30年代的大萧条时期，许多家庭生活拮据。人们不得不使用他们已有的东西来满足他们的需求)”可知，在20世纪30年代的大萧条时期，人们不得不使用他们已经拥有的东西来满足他们的需求，而不是保护环境。故答案为During the Great Depression in the 1930s, people had to use what they already had in order to protect the environment. Because during the Great Depression in the 1930s, people had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs, not to protect the environment. 4．开放题。考生言之有理即可，答案不唯一。题干为：春节就要到了。找出一件可以升级的东西。解释一下你将用它做什么，以及它将如何帮助庆祝这个节日。可回答：我计划在家里改造瓶子。我会把玻璃瓶变成烛台或玻璃灯，在节日中增添节日的气氛。至于塑料瓶，我会把它们改造成密封容器，这样可以储存谷物，防止飞蛾进入。故答案为I plan to upcycle the bottles at home. I will turn glass bottles into candle holders or glass lamps, which will add to the festive atmosphere during the festival. As for plastic bottles, I’ll remodel them into air-tight containers, which can help store grains and stop moths from getting in. Passage 2 （2024·北京·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think. Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000 liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers. Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry. 1．Who may be the first consumers of jeans? 2．Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. 4．What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Blue-collar workers. 2．Because they can increase comfort and flexibility./To increase comfort and flexibility. 3．Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. According to the passage, their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. 4．Jeans should be made of organic cotton that doesn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact on the environment and human health. Second, manufacturer collect discarded jeans for recycling, such as manufacturing environmentally friendly shopping bags and other products. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤很受当代人欢迎，但制作牛仔裤的过程会对环境产生破坏，牛仔裤在贫穷国家生产，这也对发展中国家的人民和环境有害，而废弃的牛仔裤分解后会释放出温室气体。 1．考查细节理解。由第一段中“The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons (第一条牛仔裤是为蓝领工人设计的。在20世纪，工人阶级的裤子已经转变为时尚偶像)”可知，牛仔裤的第一批消费者是蓝领工人。故答案为：Blue-collar workers. 2．考查细节理解。由第二段中“Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. (通常，塑料纤维与棉线混合以增加舒适度和灵活性)”可知，制作牛仔裤时要使用塑料纤维是因为它们可以增加舒适度和灵活性。故答案为：Because they can increase comfort and flexibility./To increase comfort and flexibility. 3．考查细节理解。由第三段中“Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. (世界上大部分棉花种植在发展中国家，这些国家的劳动惯例很差，对工人的保护也很少)”和“And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. (在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁)”可知，贫穷国家对工人的保护很少，在生产过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁，工人的健康得不到很好的保护，“workers’ health is well protected”错误。故答案为：Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. According to the passage, their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. 4．考查开放答题。针对如何减少牛仔裤造成的环境伤害，我建议：牛仔裤应该由不使用化肥和杀虫剂的有机棉制成，这对环境和人类健康的影响较小。其次，制造商可以收集废弃的牛仔裤进行回收，例如制造环保购物袋和其他产品。故答案为：Jeans should be made of organic cotton that doesn’t use fertilizers and pesticides, which has a smaller impact on the environment and human health. Second, manufacturer collect discarded jeans for recycling, such as manufacturing environmentally friendly shopping bags and other products. 阅读理解七选五 Passage1 （24-25高三上·北京朝阳·期中）Considering they are the world’s most numerous areas of water, it is surprising that ponds are poorly understood. There are millions — possibly billions — of them. 1 This neglect might not have mattered if it were not for increasing evidence that ponds are extremely important habitats for wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive communities with varied rare and endangered species. Across many landscapes, they are being shown to support far greater variation of species than rivers and streams. 2 It allows them to have a wider range of conditions compared with rivers and streams where flowing water tends to homogenise (同质化) water chemistry. So why have we failed to notice such a vital part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be what freshwater scientist John Downing has called “a saliency error”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important. 3 We don’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient origin and have existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water. These misunderstandings within freshwater science have had a big impact on our ability to protect their wildlife. In Europe, for example, the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50 hectares. 4 Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution on small wetlands, including ponds, giving crucial recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe’s ponds. However, there remains much to do. As the effects of climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need to move across the landscape to survive. 5 They are easy to make and they colonize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt over short timescales. A．Viewpoints are changing, fortunately, to the benefit of ponds. B．This biodiversity seems to be partly due to the small size of ponds. C．A study shows they make up much of the global water environment. D．Yet for a century or so, scientists have paid them very little attention. E．We can create ponds in considerable numbers as one of the few habitats. F．There is increasing evidence of the importance of ponds for biodiversity. G．Most of us also devalued ponds because we regard them as artificial habitats. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．G 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了池塘在生物多样性中的重要性及其长期以来被忽视的原因。 1．上文“Considering they are the world’s most numerous areas of water, it is surprising that ponds are poorly understood. There are millions — possibly billions — of them.(考虑到池塘是世界上数量最多的水域，令人惊讶的是，人们对池塘知之甚少。池塘有数百万甚至数十亿个)”讲述了池塘的数量非常多，但人们对它们了解不多，下文“This neglect might not have mattered if it were not for increasing evidence that ponds are extremely important habitats for wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive communities with varied rare and endangered species.(如果不是因为越来越多的证据表明池塘是极其重要的野生动物栖息地，这种忽视可能无关紧要)”表明科学家经常忽视池塘的重要性，D项“然而，大约一个世纪以来，科学家们很少关注它们。”承上启下，paid them very little attention与下文This neglect相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。 2．上文“Across many landscapes, they are being shown to support far greater variation of species than rivers and streams.(在许多景观中，它们被证明支持的物种变异远大于河流和溪流)”表明池塘对生物多样性的重要性，下文“It allows them to have a wider range of conditions compared with rivers and streams where flowing water tends to homogenise water chemistry.(这使得它们能够拥有比河流和溪流更广泛的变化条件，因为在河流和溪流中，流动的水往往会使得水质化学变得同质化)”解释了池塘能够支持多样性的原因。B项“这种生物多样性部分归因于池塘的小尺寸。”说明了池塘的小尺寸是其生物多样性的一个重要原因，承上启下，下文的It指代the small size of ponds，符合语境。故选B项。 3．上文“So why have we failed to notice such a vital part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be what freshwater scientist John Downing has called “a saliency error”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important.(那么，为什么我们未能注意到自然世界如此重要的一部分呢？一个关键原因似乎是淡水科学家约翰·唐宁所说的“显著性错误”：人类自然地假设，如果某物很小，就不会那么重要)”讲述了人们忽视池塘的原因，下文“We don’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient origin and have existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water.(我们没有意识到这些水域有着悠久的历史，自地球上有了陆地和水以来就一直存在)”进一步解释了人们对池塘的误解，G项“我们大多数人也因为认为池塘是人工栖息地而低估了它们的价值。”提到了人们低估池塘价值的另一个原因，与上文是并列关系，且引出下文，符合语境。故选G项。 4．下文“Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution on small wetlands, including ponds, giving crucial recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe’s ponds.(去年，国际湿地公约引入了一项关于小湿地(包括池塘)的决议，给予它们至关重要的认可。欧盟资助的PONDERFUL项目正在收集有关欧洲池塘的数据)”讲述了国际上对池塘的认识和支持，A项“幸运的是，人们的观点正在向对池塘有益的方向改变。”概述人们对池塘的看法正在改变，下文是具体的措施，符合语境。故选A项。 5．上文“However, there remains much to do. As the effects of climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need to move across the landscape to survive.(然而，还有很多工作要做。随着气候变化的影响加深，植物和动物将越来越需要在景观中移动以生存)”表明建造池塘的必要性，下文“They are easy to make and they colonize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt over short timescales.(池塘很容易建造，且迅速被生物占据，这可以帮助淡水物种在短时间内适应)”讲述了池塘在应对气候变化中的作用。E项“我们可以建造大量的池塘，作为为数不多的栖息地之一。”说明了池塘作为一种栖息地的潜力，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 【2024年人大附中高三三模】 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 1 In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 2 All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 3 Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. 4 The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. 5 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．F 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。 1．根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。 2．空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。 3．根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。 4．根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。 5．根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。 语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places 1 rain falls throughout the year. Tea can be grown from sea level 2 about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions. Tea comes from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high; however, on tea plantations, to pull the leaves 3 (easy), people cut them back to a bush of about a metre in 4 (high). It takes a plant three to five years before it is ready for picking. A picker can harvest about 20 kg of tea a day. 【答案】1．where 2．to 3．easily 4．height 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍种茶的地理和气候特征。 1．考查定语从句。句意：茶树在全年降雨的热带和温带地区生长最好。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为places，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．考查介词短语。句意：茶叶可以从海平面种植到大约2000米，但最好的品质生长在更高的地区。这里考查介词短语from…to…，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 3．考查副词。句意：然而，在茶园里，为了更容易地抽出叶子，人们把它们砍成一米高的灌木丛。这里需要副词，修饰动词pull。故填easily。 4．考查名词。句意：见第3题详解。这里需要名词height，作介词in的宾语。短语in height意为“在高度上”。故填height。 Passage2 （2024·北京顺义·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Soil 1 (find) nearly everywhere. And it seems unlikely that we would ever lose all the soil on Earth. However, 2 we may lose is the deep and rich agricultural soil because of over-farming, a lack of plant cover off-season and a collection of salt from watering and fertilization (施肥). 3 proper measures, some experts warn, there could be serious agricultural soil problems before the end of this century. 【答案】1．is found 2．what 3．Without 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了我们所面临的农业土壤问题。 1．考查动词时态、语态。句意：土壤几乎无处不在。空处为谓语，结合句意，描述事实常理，用一般现在时，主语Soil为不可数名词，与动词find为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is found。 2．考查名词性从句。句意：然而，我们可能失去的是深厚而肥沃的农业土壤，因为过度耕作、淡季缺乏植物覆盖以及从浇水和施肥中收集的盐。分析句子可知，is前面的为主语从句，从句中缺少lose的宾语，表示“……的事物”用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填what。 3．考查介词。句意：一些专家警告说，如果不采取适当的措施，本世纪末之前可能会出现严重的农业土壤问题。根据proper measures可知，空处缺少介词，结合句意，空处表示“没有、缺乏”用without，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Without。 Passage3 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 San Diego’s newest giant panda made their public appearance on Thursday in the San Diego Zoo’s Panda Ridge habitat. The pair, Yun Chuan and Xin Bao, are the first pandas 1 (enter) the United States in 21 years. The Panda Ridge habitat 2 the pair will live is four times larger than the previous panda enclosure and takes cues from China’s landscape, 3 many features imitating canyons, mountains and cliffs. Visitors to the zoo can make reservations for an 80- minute early morning walking tour to see pandas, which is not included in the price of 4 (admit). 【答案】1．to enter 2．where 3．with 4．admission 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了圣地亚哥动物园最新引进的两只大熊猫及其生活环境和参观安排的相关信息。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一对，云川和鑫宝，是21年来首批进入美国的大熊猫。根据空格前的“the first pandas”可知，被修饰名词被序数词修饰，此处需用不定式作后置定语，表示“首批进入美国的大熊猫”。故填to enter。 2．考查定语从句。句意：这对熊猫将居住的熊猫岭栖息地比之前的熊猫围栏大四倍，并借鉴了中国的景观，许多特征模仿峡谷、山脉和悬崖。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Panda Ridge habitat，指物，在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3．考查介词。句意同上。此处需用介词with表示“具有，带有”的意思，后接宾语many features，构成with复合结构，在句中作状语。故填with。 4．考查名词。句意：动物园的游客可以预订一个80分钟的清晨徒步旅行来看大熊猫，这个旅行不在门票价格之内。根据空前的介词of可知，此处需用名词作宾语，admit的名词是admission，表示“允许进入，入场费”，为不可数名词。故填admission。 Passage4 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A golden cat was shot by an infrared (红外线的) camera in the forests in Gansu province in early September. This was the first time that an image of this rare animal 1 (capture) in the Bailongjiang forest area in Gansu. The golden cat is a carnivorous (食肉的) mammal 2 (live) in mountain forests, 3 footprints can be seen from humid evergreen forests to broad-leaved mixed forests at an altitude of 3,000 meters. 【答案】1．had been captured 2．living 3．whose 【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。主要讲述了一只国家一级重点保护野生动物金猫在甘肃省白龙江森林地区被拍摄到。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这是第一次在甘肃白龙江林区捕捉到这种稀有动物的图像。空处应为谓语动词，根据句式This is/was the first time that...表示“某件事情是第一次发生”可知，从句常用完成时，由句中“was”可知，应用过去完成时；主语是“an image”，与capture之间应为被动关系，表示“图像被捕捉到”，故为被动语态，所以此处使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been captured。 2．考查现在分词。句意：金猫是一种生活在山林中的食肉哺乳动物，从湿润的常绿森林到海拔约3000米的阔叶混交林，都能看到金猫的足迹。空处为非谓语动词作定语修饰mammal，live与mammal之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作定语。故填living。 3．考查定语从句。句意：金猫是一种生活在山林中的食肉哺乳动物，从湿润的常绿森林到海拔约3000米的阔叶混交林，都能看到金猫的足迹。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The golden cat”，先行词与空后的footprints之间为所属关系，关系词替代先行词在从句中作footprints的定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 Passage5 （2024·北京西城·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In 2022, to preserve China’s wetlands, a law 1 (introduce) to restrict construction and prohibit harmful 2 (activity) such as overgrazing, overharvesting, and wastewater discharge in important national wetlands. Since the implementation (实施) of these measures, there 3 (be) an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nation’s wetlands. In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake. Black-faced spoonbills, 4 rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. 【答案】1．was introduced 2．activities 3．has been 4．a 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要介绍了中国湿地保护的立法措施及其对湿地鸟类保护带来的积极影响。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：2022年，为了保护湿地，中国出台了一项法律，限制在国家重要湿地建设，禁止过度放牧、过度采伐、排放废水等有害活动。根据“In 2022”可知，用一般过去时态，“a law”为单数意义并承受谓语动词introduce的动作，则此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was introduced。 2．考查名词复数。句意：2022年，为了保护湿地，中国出台了一项法律，限制在国家重要湿地建设，禁止过度放牧、过度采伐、排放废水等有害活动。activity是可数名词，前面没有表示单数意义的限定词，则它需要变复数表示“泛指”，故填activities。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自实施这些措施以来，在全国湿地越冬的鸟类数量有所增加。根据状语“Since the implementation of these measures”可知，谓语动词应该使用现在完成时，主语“an increase”为单数意义，故填has been。 4．考查冠词。句意：罕见的濒危物种黑脸琵鹭时隔5年再次出现在洞庭。此处species为可数名词单数形式，指“黑脸琵鹭”这一物种，应该用不定冠词，rare是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a，故填a。 Passage6 （23-24高三上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Pandas 1 (live) in China for over three million years. A giant panda has a typical bear’s body but is a distinctive black and white color, with black fur around the eyes and on the cars, legs, chest and shoulders, while the rest of the body is white. Giant pandas are the 2 (nation) treasure of China. A panda’s daily diet consists almost 3 (entire) of bamboo. Sometimes, however, they do not just eat bamboo. Only about 1% of their diet consists of other plants and even meat such as small rodents (啮齿动物). 【答案】1．have lived 2．national 3．entirely 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了大熊猫的外貌和饮食习惯。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：熊猫在中国生活了三百多万年。分析句子可知，空处缺少谓语，根据over three million years可知，句子为现在完成时，主语为复数。故填have lived。 2．考查形容词。句意：大熊猫是中国的国宝。分析句子可知，空处缺少形容词作定语修饰treasure，nation对应的形容词为national“国家的”。故填national。 3．考查副词。句意：熊猫的日常饮食几乎全部是竹子。分析句子可知，空处缺少副词作状语修饰consists，entire对应的副词为entirely“全部地”。故填entirely。 【同源语篇阅读】 【话题·导语】 洛杉矶县的野火仍在肆虐，截至发稿时，帕利塞德斯和伊顿这两起最严重的大火造成的死亡人数已上升至24人，一些当地媒体预测这场野火是“美国历史上代价最高的自然灾害”之一。 【原文·外刊阅读】 California fires may be among costliest natural disasters in US history （文章来源：Global Times） Nearly 33,000 homes and businesses across Los Angeles County remained without power on Sunday night, Forbes reported, citing the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The department said its crews were "assessing the fire-affected areas" and power restoration work will begin after the assessments are completed, Forbes reported. The raging wildfires across Los Angeles are projected to be among the costliest natural disasters in US history, AP reported, citing a private meteorological firm. A preliminary estimate by AccuWeather put the damage and economic losses so far between $135 billion and $150 billion. By comparison, AccuWeather estimated the damage and economic losses caused by Hurricane Helene, which tore across six southeastern states last fall, at $225 billion to $250 billion, the AP report said. The wildfires have forced a host of TV productions to temporarily stop filming. More than a dozen LA-based shows, ranging from Grey's Anatomy to The Price Is Right, have paused production, according to the Hollywood Reporter. The federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives will take the lead in investigating the exact cause of the multiple fires, according to Fox 11.  As officials try to determine the cause of a wildfire that has burned an estimated 7,000 structures in and around Altadena, investigators keep returning to one place: an electrical transmission tower in Eaton Canyon, according to LA Times.  Meanwhile, utilities are required to report to the California Public Utilities Commission when they know of "electric incidents potentially associated with a wildfire." On Friday, Southern California Edison filed a report related to the Eaton Fire in the hills near Pasadena, an area the utility serves, the FOX 11 report said. John Abatzoglou, a professor of Climatology at the University of California, told the Global Times on Monday via email that there are many other places globally that burn with more regularity than California, but the fires in the state have certainly been noteworthy for their intensity, size, and impacts.  Abatzoglou believed the specific causes for this year's wildfires "are still unknown right now, but are all human-caused fires," without further elaboration. "California has the perfect climate for fires," he said, explaining that typically 6-9 months of rain-free conditions during the warm season contribute to long curing periods for vegetation to become receptive to igniting and carrying fire. The large year-to-year variability in precipitation allow for abundant grass and shrubs to flourish during the good years and become fuel during dry times, he said.  Topography that favors mountain fire weather features like downslope Santa Ana winds that bring fire from the wildlands downhill into communities, and plenty of ignitions given the population, he said.  California accounts for about 15 percent of all burned area in the contiguous US, but 75 percent of direct population exposure to wildfire, which results in "people living with a fire footprint," Abatzoglou added. Wang Hongwei, a professor from the Renmin University of China's school of public administration and policy, who frequently took part in emergency response events in China, told the Global Times that from his point of view, local weak disaster relief efforts, such as the shortage of firefighters in the initial phase of rescue and fire hydrants that ran dry, also fuel such large-scale fires in California. 【原创·阅读理解】 1. According to the passage, when will the power restoration work in Los Angeles County begin? A. On Sunday night. B. After the assessment of the fire - affected areas is completed. C. When the wildfires are completely put out. D. As soon as the crews find out the cause of the power cut. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题 根据文中 “The department said its crews were "assessing the fire - affected areas" and power restoration work will begin after the assessments are completed” 可知，洛杉矶县的电力恢复工作将在火灾影响区域评估完成后开始，所以答案是 B。 2. What can we infer from the comparison between the wildfires in California and Hurricane Helene? A. The wildfires in California are less destructive than Hurricane Helene. B. The wildfires in California are more destructive than Hurricane Helene. C. The wildfires in California will cause more economic losses in the future. D. The damage caused by Hurricane Helene is not as serious as expected. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题 文中提到 “AccuWeather put the damage and economic losses of wildfires so far between $135 billion and $150 billion. By comparison, AccuWeather estimated the damage and economic losses caused by Hurricane Helene at $225 billion to $250 billion”，通过两者损失金额对比可知，目前加州野火的破坏性比海伦飓风小，所以选 A。 3. What is the main idea of the paragraph about John Abatzoglou's opinion? A. To introduce the frequency of wildfires in different places. B. To explain the reasons why California is prone to wildfires. C. To compare the impacts of wildfires in different regions. D. To show the relationship between climate and wildfires. 【答案】B 【解析】段落大意题 约翰・阿巴佐格鲁提到加州气候利于火灾发生，温暖季节长时间无雨使植被易燃烧，降水变化导致易燃物增多，地形和人口因素也助长火势等，主要是在解释加州容易发生野火的原因，所以答案是 B。 4. What is Wang Hongwei's attitude towards the wildfires in California? A. Indifferent. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Supportive. 【答案】C 【解析】观点态度题 王宏伟指出当地救灾工作不力，如救援初期消防员短缺、消防栓无水可用等助长了加州大规模野火，这表明他对加州野火情况持批评态度，所以选 C。 【高频词汇训练】 翻译句子： 1．要记住，你的个人信息一定要保密。（keep in mind, keep……private）（汉译英） 【答案】Keep in mind that you must keep your personal information private. 【详解】考查祈使句、短语、形容词及情态动词。表示“记住”用Keep in mind；表示“一定、必须”用must；表示“保密”用keep……private；表示“你的个人信息”用your personal information。故翻译为Keep in mind that you must keep your personal information private. 2．消防员对猛烈的大火迅速作出反应，及时将它控制住。(firefighter, fierce, blaze, react, bring...under control)(汉译英) 【答案】The firefighters reacted quickly to the fierce blaze and brought it under control in time. 【详解】考查时态、形容词和副词。表示“消防员”用the firefighters；表示“猛烈的”用形容词fierce作定语，表示“大火”用名词blaze；表示“反应”用谓语动词react，表示“迅速地”用副词quickly作状语；表示“及时”用in time；表示“将它控制住”用bring it under control ；题干描述的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时；句首单词首字母要用大写；本句react是不及物动词，后接介词to表示“对……作出反应”，故构成The firefighters reacted quickly to the fierce blaze；用and连接两个并列句，即形成后半句and brought it under control in time。故填The firefighters reacted quickly to the fierce blaze and brought it under control in time。 3．当你和父母意见相左时，冷静下来并尝试从他们的角度了解情况。(from one’s point of view) (汉译英) 【答案】When you disagree with your parents, calm down and try to understand their situation from their point of view. 【详解】考查状语从句、祈使句、动词短语、名词和介词短语。表示“当你和父母意见相左时”句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，使用when引导的时间状语从句“When you disagree with your parents”，“和（某人）意见相左”为disagree with sb.，此处为一般现在时，且主语为you(你)，故谓语动词用disagree；表示“冷静下来”应用动词短语calm down，表示“尝试做某事”为try to do，两者由连词and连接作主句的并列谓语，主句为祈使句，故其谓语动词calm down和try均为原形；表示“了解情况”可以翻译为understand their situation,situation为不可数名词，“从他们的角度”可以翻译为from their point of view，作状语修饰动词短语understand their situation。故翻译为When you disagree with your parents, calm down and try to understand their situation from their point of view. 4．研究人员想弄清楚经常与动物接触是否能帮助人们有效减轻压力。(exposure) (汉译英) 【答案】Researchers want to figure out whether/if constant exposure to animals can help people effectively reduce their stress. 【详解】考查名词、固定短语、宾语从句、动词时态。表示“研究人员”用researcher，结合句意可知，研究人员不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作主语；表示“想弄清楚”用want to figure out，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Researchers，故谓语用动词原形；表示“暴露于，接触”用exposure to，其中to为介词；表示“减少压力”用reduce their stress，因此表示“经常与动物接触是否能帮助人们有效减轻压力”用从句whether/if constant exposure to animals can help people effectively reduce their stress，作figure out的宾语，其中从句主语为constant exposure to animals“持续接触动物”。故翻译为：Researchers want to figure out whether/if constant exposure to animals can help people effectively reduce their stress. 5．我经常在业余时间和一些英语网友聊天，这对我的英语口语很有帮助。(contribute to, which的非限制性定语从句) （汉译英） 【答案】I often chat with some English net friends in my spare time, which contribute to my spoken English. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。主语为I；表示“和某人聊天”短语为chat with sb.；表示“在业余时间”短语为in one’s spare time；“这对我的英语口语很有帮助”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句内容，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导；表示“有帮助”短语为contribute to；表示“英语口语”短语为spoken English。句子时态为一般现在时。故翻译为I often chat with some English net friends in my spare time, which contribute to my spoken English. 6．人们倾向于与他们有相似兴趣的人交往。(associate with) (汉译英) 【答案】People tend to associate with people who/that have similar interests with them. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态、定语从句、名词。结合句意，为陈述一个客观现象，故需要用一般现在时态；表示“倾向于”为固定短语tend to，后接动词需要用动词原形；表示“与……交往”为提示短语associate with；表示“与他们有相似兴趣的人”可用定语从句表达，“人”即people为先行词，从句中谓语动词为have表示“有”，表示“兴趣”为interest，是可数名词，结合句意可知，不止一个共同兴趣，故用复数形式，从句缺少主语，用关系代词who或that引导该定语从句。故翻译为People tend to associate with people who/that have similar interests with them. 7．警察正在调查一件谋杀案，在这个案子中，两个人在一家酒店被杀。(were investigating, kill, hotel) (汉译英) 【答案】The police is investigating a murder in which two persons were killed in a hotel. 【详解】考查动词时态。根据句意及提示词可知，此处使用现在进行时；“警察”表达为the police，作为主句主语，因其在此处是集合名词，故谓语动词用复数形式；a murder(凶杀案)做先行词，in which引导定语从句，从句主语two persons和谓语动词kill之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。结合其他提示，故译为The police is investigating a murder in which two persons were killed in a hotel. 8．Thando毕业后成为了一名设计电脑游戏的设计师并专注于探索新产品。(product)（SVO）(汉译英) 【答案】Thando became a designer who designs computer games after graduation and focused on exploring new products. 【详解】考查定语从句。“毕业后”译为介词短语after graduation，“成为了一名设计师”译为become a designer，“专注于”使用动词短语focus on，“探索新产品”使用动词短语explore new products，使用动名词形式作on的宾语，become和focus是并列的谓语动词，表示过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时；“设计电脑游戏的”译为一个定语从句，修饰designer，“设计电脑游戏”译为design computer games，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词designer指人，使用关系代词who引导，从句描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，who表示单数意义，谓语使用单数，故翻译为：Thando became a designer who designs computer games after graduation and focused on exploring new products. 9．虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。（in terms of, estimate）(汉译英) 【答案】Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. 【详解】考查动词，状语从句，介词短语以及定语从句。分析句子，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句子可处理为主从复合句，用although引导让步状语从句，主从句都涉及固定句型it be+adj.+to do“做某事是……的”；表示“衡量物质产品的价值”用measure the value of material goods；表示“就金钱方面”用in terms of money；因此表示“虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量”用though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money；表示“尤其地”用extremely；表示“估算”用estimate，表示“……的真正价值”用 the true value of...；表示“别人为我们所提供的服务”用the services which people perform for us，which引导定语从句，引导词作主语，修饰先行词services。因此表示“估算别人为我们所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的”用it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. 10．亨利被安排做厨师长，负责全体机组人员和乘客的健康饮食。 (assign, crew) (汉译英) 【答案】Henry was assigned to be the chef in charge of the healthy diet of the crew and passengers. 【详解】考查动词短语、名词、介词短语、名词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“被安排做……”应为动词短语be assigned to do；表示“厨师长”为名词chef；表示“负责”应为介词短语in charge of；表示“全体机组人员和乘客的健康饮食”应为名词短语the healthy diet of the crew and passengers。结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为Henry was assigned to be the chef in charge of the healthy diet of the crew and passengers. 【参考译文】 据《福布斯》援引洛杉矶水电局消息，周日晚间，洛杉矶近3.3万户家庭和商户仍处于停电状态。该部门表示，其工作人员正在“评估火灾影响区域”，评估完成后将展开电力恢复工作。 据美联社援引一家私人气象公司消息，肆虐洛杉矶的野火预计将成为美国历史上经济损失最为惨重的自然灾害之一。 AccuWeather的初步估计显示，截至目前，此次野火造成的损失和经济损失在1350亿至1500亿美元之间。美联社报道称，相比之下，AccuWeather估计去年秋天席卷美国东南部六个州的海伦飓风造成的损失和经济损失在2250亿至2500亿美元之间。 野火已迫使众多电视节目暂停拍摄。据《好莱坞报道者》消息，从《实习医生格蕾》到《价格猜猜猜》等十几部以洛杉矶为拍摄地的节目都已暂停制作。 据福克斯11台报道，美国联邦烟酒枪炮及爆炸物管理局将牵头调查多起火灾的确切起因。 据《洛杉矶时报》报道，官员们试图确定一场估计已烧毁阿尔塔迪纳及其周边约7000座建筑的野火起因时，调查人员不断将目光聚焦在一个地方：伊顿峡谷的一座输电塔。 与此同时，公用事业公司一旦知晓“可能与野火有关的电气事故”，就必须向加利福尼亚州公用事业委员会报告。福克斯11台报道称，周五，南加州爱迪生公司提交了一份与帕萨迪纳附近山区伊顿大火相关的报告，该地区正是该公司的服务区域。 加州大学气候学教授约翰・阿巴佐格鲁周一通过电子邮件告诉《环球时报》，全球有许多地方比加州更频繁地发生火灾，但加州的野火因其强度、规模和影响，无疑备受关注。 阿巴佐格鲁认为，今年野火的具体起因“目前仍不清楚，但都是人为引发的火灾”，但他并未进一步阐述。 他说：“加州的气候极易引发火灾。” 他解释称，通常在温暖季节，6到9个月的无雨天气导致植被长时间干燥，易于点燃并助长火势。他还说，降水量年际变化大，使得在降水充沛的年份，大量的草和灌木生长繁茂，而在干旱时期则成为易燃物。 他还指出，加州的地形有利于形成山区火灾天气，比如圣安娜焚风从荒野吹向山下社区，而且人口众多，点火源也多。 阿巴佐格鲁补充说，加州的过火面积约占美国本土总面积的15%，但直接暴露在野火威胁下的人口却占全国的75%，这就导致“人们生活在火灾阴影之下”。 中国人民大学公共管理学院教授王宏伟经常参与中国的应急救援工作，他告诉《环球时报》，在他看来，当地救灾工作不力，比如救援初期消防员短缺以及消防栓无水可用等情况，也是加州大规模野火肆虐的原因之一。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点03 环境污染与保护（四大题型） 随着全球对环境保护意识的增强，高考英语阅读可能会更多地选取与自然生态相关的文章，如气候变化、生物多样性保护、环境污染与治理等热点话题。这些文章旨在引导学生关注环境问题，培养环保意识和责任感。考生应加强对这些话题的了解，积累相关词汇和表达方式。 （建议用时：60分钟） 阅读理解 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京朝阳·期中）A species can be termed temporarily “lost” after not being sighted for a decade, but researchers still hope to find it again eventually. In 2023, that hope led to the rediscovery of Attenborough’s echidna, unseen for half a century. Inspired, Thomas Evans and his team have created a database of 856 lost and 424 rediscovered species. The database keeps growing faster than explorers can keep up with, despite increasingly advanced technologies for tracing unseen creatures reaching an expertise level. The study indicates many rediscovered species appear to follow a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals or birds tending to live near humans and in more-developed countries. Thus, Evans says if an animal is up to snuff but continues to be out of researchers’ sight after long searches, it’s probably gone forever. On the contrary, animals that don’t exhibit the pattern for easy rediscovery are very much alive out there. “Because they are generally difficult to come across and are therefore met with less exploratory attention, in most cases, small, unattractive species are more likely to be seemingly extinct but still alive,” Evans says. Evans hopes such details will help conservationists like Christina Biggs, who has been drawing upon a list of 25 “most wanted” species for Texas-based charity Re: wild since 2017. “Currenuly, Re: wild is finalizing its 2024 search lists, using the study’s results. We have to make hard decisions on where to put our money, and Evans’s research helps to direct us,” says Biggs. But is it always in a lost species’ best interest to be found? After a rediscovery, it can take months to secure an area from hunters or tourists.  “In publicizing something you’ve rediscovered, you’re publicizing a food source for hunters,” says biologist James Kempton. Biggs notes, however, rediscoveries often strengthen protection efforts. When a species is rediscovered, protected areas will be made possible. Biggs adds that for some hard- to-find species, researchers could use Evans’s study to decide if a creature is likely still alive — and then draw broad protected areas around its general region, where other endangered species also live, rather than send possibly fruitless explorers to the area to prove the animal’s existence. Beyond the scientific gains, searching for lost species plays a crucial role in understanding and protecting our world. Once, the Yongsu Sapari community used Attenborough’s echidnas as a peace tool to settle arguments. “If brothers fought, they had to find an Attenborough’s echidna, a solution that is increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “So, everything is connected. Every species behaves in an ecosystem and fulfills a purpose.” 1．What does the underlined phrase “is up to snuff” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Fits the profile. B．Adapts well. C．Breaks the habit. D．Grows mature. 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Technology has reduced the number of missing species. B．Publicizing rediscovery secures the future of lost species. C．Larger animals face a higher extinction risk than smaller ones. D．Animals neighboring humans receive more attention in searches. 3．What might Christina Biggs agree with? A．The number of echidnas will increase after its rediscovery. B．Exploratory missions matter more than habitat preservation. C．Extinct species come with both ecological and cultural losses. D．Thomas Evans has instructed Re: wild to identify the 25 species. Passage2 （24-25高三上·北京顺义·期末）One day in the fall of 2023, a young Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross was lying listless in southeastern Brazil’s Santos Basin. Beach monitors found the young bird in the sand, weak and dying. The cause of the albatross’s disaster was evident: it was caught in a weather balloon, which, sadly, is just one instance of a bigger environmental headache. Globally, hundreds of thousands of weather balloons are launched into the sky every year, and the majority are never recovered. Instead, their waste—a mix of latex, cotton and plastics — remains in marine (海洋的) ecosystems for years. And because only a small percentage of dead animals wash ashore, the impact is likely worse than the numbers suggest. The root of this mounting trouble lies in the very nature of how weather balloons operate. Weather balloons are used to get high-altitude (高空) data like air temperature and pressure. Once a balloon has travelled up about 21 miles and its volume has grown 100-fold, it explodes, shooting pieces in all directions. Australian researchers at the Tangaroa Blue Foundation first flagged the problem of weather-balloon garbage a decade ago. Over 21 months, they collected 2,460 pieces of weather-balloon litter around the Great Barrier Reef. The researchers estimated that up to 70 percent of Australia’ s weather balloons end up in the ocean. One study notes that while some of the materials used in weather balloons are considered biodegradable, much of it is not breaking down quickly. Some companies have produced special materials now made from plant-based fiber designed to weaken much faster than previous cotton versions. But the new models are 20 to 30 percent more expensive. Despite the higher cost, weather bureaus (局) have started to reduce the impact by trying out more sustainable balloons and switching from white to blue balloons, which marine animals may be less likely to mistake for food. Some agencies also announced they would be testing drones (无人机) to collect weather data, which are recoverable. Weather agencies aren’t trialing these new devices only because they’ re more sustainable; they also want better data. For now, though, balloons still fly much higher than drones, so they remain an important data-collecting tool. Lower-impact versions would at least be a small improvement for the ocean’s animals. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The functions of weather balloons. B．The problems of using weather balloons. C．The composition of weather balloon waste. D．The difficulty of weather balloon recycling. 2．What can we learn about weather balloons? A．Weather balloon waste can hardly break down. B．New versions of weather balloons are being tried. C．Weather balloons cause the death of most sea animals. D．Drones are better in collecting data than weather balloons. 3．What does the author think of the changes mentioned in the passage? A．Valuable but risky. B．Exciting and hopeful. C．Necessary and reliable. D．Promising but incomplete. Passage3 （2024·北京丰台·二模）A shopkeeper’s son breaks a window, causing a crowd to gather. They tell the shopkeeper not to be angry: actually, the broken window is a reason to celebrate, since it will create work for the glazier (装玻璃的工人). In the story, written by a 19th-century economist, the crowd envisions the work involved in repairing the window, but not that  involved in everything else on which the shopkeeper could have spent his money — unseen possibilities that would have brought him greater happiness. If that window were to be broken these days, people might have a different reaction, especially if they were NIMBYs (Not In My Back Yard) who oppose any local construction that affects their quality of life. Their concern might be with the “embodied carbon”. The production of a piece of glass would carry a sizeable carbon cost. Similarly, the bricks and concrete in a building are relics of past emissions. They are, the logic goes, embodied carbon. Conserving what already exists, rather than adding to the building stock, will avoid increasing these embodied emissions — or so NIMBYs often suggest. At its worst, this idea is based on a warped logic. Greenhouse gases released by the construction of an existing building will heat the planet whether the building is repaired or knocked down. The emissions have been taken out of the world’s “carbon budget”, so treating them as anew debit means double counting. The right question to ask is whether it is worth using the remaining carbon budget to repair a building or it is better to knock it down. Choosing between these possibilities requires thinking about the unseen. It used to be said that construction emitted two types of emissions. Besides the embodied sort, there were operational ones from cooling, heating and providing electricity to residents. Around the world, buildings account for 39% of annual emissions, according to the World Green Building Council, of which 28% come from operational carbon. These two types of emissions might be enough for the architects designing an individual building. But when it comes to broader questions, economists ought also to consider how the placement of buildings affects the manner in which people work, shop and travel. Density (密度) lowers the per-person cost of public transport, and this reduces car use. Research by Green Alliance, a pressure group, suggests that in Britain a policy of “demolish (拆除) and densify” — replacing semi-detached housing near public transport with blocks of flats — would save substantial emissions. Without such demolition, potential residents would typically have to move to the suburbs instead, saving money on rent but consuming more energy. Targeted subsidies (补贴), especially for research and development into construction materials, could speed up the pace at which the built environment decarbonises. What will never work, however, is allowing the loudest voices to decide how to use land and ignoring the carbon emissions of their would-be neighbours once they are out of sight. 1．The first two paragraphs are written to ________. A．exemplify an outlook on energy conservation B．present a new way of relieving energy crisis C．explain people’s reaction to a broken window D．introduce an argument on carbon emission 2．What does the underlined word “warped” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unsound. B．Complicated. C．Distinctive. D．Underlying. 3．What can be learnt from the passage? A．Operational carbon accounts for a larger share of carbon emission. B．Repairing old buildings outweighs demolition in energy conservation. C．Higher residential density near public transport may help reduce emission. D．Stopping residents from living in new buildings is sensible to energy saving. 4．As for decarbonization of the built environment, which would the author agree with? A．Interests of NIMBYs are worthy of consideration. B．A comprehensive insight into emission is essential. C．Upgrading construction materials should be prioritized. D．Every resident should do their bit in reducing carbon emission. Passage 4 （23-24高三上·北京昌平·期末）Drought is an increasing problem in our warming world. All continents have been experiencing more extended periods without rain, leading to forest fires and poor crop growth. Consequently, people are looking at cloud seeding to solve the problem — a method of encouraging precipitation (降水) by sending small particles of certain chemicals into clouds. Cloud-seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its effectiveness. “My earliest experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail (冰雹) in northeast Colorado. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in Utah. Now, the focus is shifting towards increasing rainfall from summer clouds, which is far more unpredictable.” said he. The problem is that it’s pretty hard to know whether precipitation resulted directly from cloud seeding. It might have rained or snowed anyway. Even if you cloud seed in one place and don’t in another, it’s impossible to know for sure what caused the precipitation. Also, it’s not during foggy and snowy conditions that people think of increasing the chance of rainfall. When a country is hit by drought, then cloud seeding isn’t an option due to the lack of clouds. During drought, skies tend to be clear with few clouds. The best option to prevent drought is to seed at times of the year when rainfall levels are normal or higher. That way, slightly more rain can be stored the dry season. As cloud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness tenuous, its usefulness is still a matter of opinion. University of Colorado researcher Katja Friedrich says cloud seeding can’t end a drought. However, it can be beneficial, provided it occurs alongside other water conservation strategies. Still, for that to happen, the water would need to be captured and stored effectively. There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals, and some studies have found them slightly poisonous. Apart from that, some environmentalists are concerned about the long-term impacts, as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate (累积) in the environment over 10 years. Another fear is that cloud seeding could potentially steal water from neighbouring areas by encouraging the water in clouds that would otherwise fall somewhere else to fall in your location. If one country uses cloud seeding to create rain, a neighbouring country will also be very likely to lose out because clouds are constantly forming and reforming. 1．In Huggins’ study, at first cloud seeding was used to . A．increase annual snowfall in Utah B．send chemicals into summer clouds C．lower the amount of hail in Colorado D．put out forest fires and help crops grow 2．What does the underlined word tenuous in the fourth paragraph probably mean? A．Negative. B．Weak. C．Surprising. D．Various. 3．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Should we seed clouds to make rain? B．Should we seed clouds at a lower price? C．Can cloud seeding help end a drought? D．Can cloud seeding be more eco-friendly? Passage5 （23-24高三上·北京丰台·期末）The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution (归因) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences. Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome”(热穹顶) across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrote the poet John Keats just over 200 years ago. When it comes to climate, truth can feel closer to terror these days. But scientists are right to insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the only way to avoid the most disastrous outcomes. In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”. Like the historical responsibility for carbon emissions, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared out. Billions of people around the world, and above all in the global south, are caught up day-to-day in a struggle for survival. This doesn’t mean they don’t recognise global heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are more directly exposed to environmental damage than anyone else. But western governments, businesses and people who are relatively sheltered from global heating’s worst effects should recognise this as the privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Conference fast approaching, western governments must follow through on their promises of climate finance to enable a green transition in the developing world. The purpose of attribution science is not simply to warn the world about what is happening, but to aid preparations for what has not happened yet. The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous. But alternatives exist, and insisting on this point has never been more important. The alarming findings of attribution scientists can give rise to desperation-but must not be allowed to end determination and hope. 1．The attribution studies imply that ____. A．policies addressing climate issues are ineffective B．it is hard to link CO2 with the effects of global heating C．the extent of global heating’s consequences is unpredictable D．humans are to blame for the increased occurrence of disasters 2．How does Prof Bill McGuire feel about the present climate crisis? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Puzzled. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．The global south is in urgent need of financial support. B．The speeding up of global warming has spelled trouble. C．Global heating affects western countries to a larger extent. D．The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission has worked. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To urge the public to follow the science. B．To persuade the scientists to further their study. C．To assess the current policy on the climate crisis. D．To confirm the public’s concern for global heating. 阅读表达 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 “One person’s trash is another person’s treasure.” That’s a common expression, but the next time you throw something away, think about a twist on the old saying. What if your trash could become your own treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and environmentally minded people have come up with a way to make that happen. It’s called upcycling. Our world would be a better place if everyone would begin upcycling. Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. For example, how about that pair of jeans with a hole in one knee? It could become a new pillow for your bedroom. How about the old T-shirts you never wear anymore? It could be sewed together to make a picnic blanket. All of these are examples of upcycling. Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Recycling is undoubtedly good for the environment, while upcycling is actually much better for the environment and protection of natural resources. Upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. On the other hand, recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, breaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product, which requires a great deal of energy. When you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own.   Upcycling also makes a family’s budget stretch further. Before you run to the store to buy something, look around your house. Old teacups can be transformed into candles. And an old ladder can even become a bookshelf. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs. Flour sacks were used to make clothes, and a broken door became a new table. Today we should follow the examples of our great-grandparents and save money by upcycling. As responsible citizens, we should all be concerned with protecting our environment and budgeting our resources. Upcycling is a fun and creative way to help. The next time you go to toss something into the trash can, stop and think about what it could become. Chances are, there’s a brand-new item in your hand just waiting to be upcycled. 1．What is upcycling according to the passage? 2．Why is upcycling much better for the environment than recycling? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ● During the Great Depression in the 1930s, people had to use what they already had in order to protect the environment. 4．The Spring Festival is coming. Figure out one thing to upcycle. Explain what you will do with it and how it will help with the celebration of the festival. (about 40 words) Passage 2 （2024·北京·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think. Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000 liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers. Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry. 1．Who may be the first consumers of jeans? 2．Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected. 4．What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans? (In about 40 words) 阅读理解七选五 Passage1 （24-25高三上·北京朝阳·期中）Considering they are the world’s most numerous areas of water, it is surprising that ponds are poorly understood. There are millions — possibly billions — of them. 1 This neglect might not have mattered if it were not for increasing evidence that ponds are extremely important habitats for wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive communities with varied rare and endangered species. Across many landscapes, they are being shown to support far greater variation of species than rivers and streams. 2 It allows them to have a wider range of conditions compared with rivers and streams where flowing water tends to homogenise (同质化) water chemistry. So why have we failed to notice such a vital part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be what freshwater scientist John Downing has called “a saliency error”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important. 3 We don’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient origin and have existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water. These misunderstandings within freshwater science have had a big impact on our ability to protect their wildlife. In Europe, for example, the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50 hectares. 4 Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution on small wetlands, including ponds, giving crucial recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is gathering data on Europe’s ponds. However, there remains much to do. As the effects of climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need to move across the landscape to survive. 5 They are easy to make and they colonize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt over short timescales. A．Viewpoints are changing, fortunately, to the benefit of ponds. B．This biodiversity seems to be partly due to the small size of ponds. C．A study shows they make up much of the global water environment. D．Yet for a century or so, scientists have paid them very little attention. E．We can create ponds in considerable numbers as one of the few habitats. F．There is increasing evidence of the importance of ponds for biodiversity. G．Most of us also devalued ponds because we regard them as artificial habitats. Passage2 【2024年人大附中高三三模】 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 1 In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 2 All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 3 Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. 4 The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. 5 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places 1 rain falls throughout the year. Tea can be grown from sea level 2 about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions. Tea comes from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high; however, on tea plantations, to pull the leaves 3 (easy), people cut them back to a bush of about a metre in 4 (high). It takes a plant three to five years before it is ready for picking. A picker can harvest about 20 kg of tea a day. Passage2 （2024·北京顺义·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Soil 1 (find) nearly everywhere. And it seems unlikely that we would ever lose all the soil on Earth. However, 2 we may lose is the deep and rich agricultural soil because of over-farming, a lack of plant cover off-season and a collection of salt from watering and fertilization (施肥). 3 proper measures, some experts warn, there could be serious agricultural soil problems before the end of this century. Passage3 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 San Diego’s newest giant panda made their public appearance on Thursday in the San Diego Zoo’s Panda Ridge habitat. The pair, Yun Chuan and Xin Bao, are the first pandas 1 (enter) the United States in 21 years. The Panda Ridge habitat 2 the pair will live is four times larger than the previous panda enclosure and takes cues from China’s landscape, 3 many features imitating canyons, mountains and cliffs. Visitors to the zoo can make reservations for an 80- minute early morning walking tour to see pandas, which is not included in the price of 4 (admit). Passage4 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A golden cat was shot by an infrared (红外线的) camera in the forests in Gansu province in early September. This was the first time that an image of this rare animal 1 (capture) in the Bailongjiang forest area in Gansu. The golden cat is a carnivorous (食肉的) mammal 2 (live) in mountain forests, 3 footprints can be seen from humid evergreen forests to broad-leaved mixed forests at an altitude of 3,000 meters. Passage5 （2024·北京西城·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In 2022, to preserve China’s wetlands, a law 1 (introduce) to restrict construction and prohibit harmful 2 (activity) such as overgrazing, overharvesting, and wastewater discharge in important national wetlands. Since the implementation (实施) of these measures, there 3 (be) an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nation’s wetlands. In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake. Black-faced spoonbills, 4 rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. Passage6 （23-24高三上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Pandas 1 (live) in China for over three million years. A giant panda has a typical bear’s body but is a distinctive black and white color, with black fur around the eyes and on the cars, legs, chest and shoulders, while the rest of the body is white. Giant pandas are the 2 (nation) treasure of China. A panda’s daily diet consists almost 3 (entire) of bamboo. Sometimes, however, they do not just eat bamboo. Only about 1% of their diet consists of other plants and even meat such as small rodents (啮齿动物). 【同源语篇阅读】 【话题·导语】 洛杉矶县的野火仍在肆虐，截至发稿时，帕利塞德斯和伊顿这两起最严重的大火造成的死亡人数已上升至24人，一些当地媒体预测这场野火是“美国历史上代价最高的自然灾害”之一。 【原文·外刊阅读】 California fires may be among costliest natural disasters in US history （文章来源：Global Times） Nearly 33,000 homes and businesses across Los Angeles County remained without power on Sunday night, Forbes reported, citing the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The department said its crews were "assessing the fire-affected areas" and power restoration work will begin after the assessments are completed, Forbes reported. The raging wildfires across Los Angeles are projected to be among the costliest natural disasters in US history, AP reported, citing a private meteorological firm. A preliminary estimate by AccuWeather put the damage and economic losses so far between $135 billion and $150 billion. By comparison, AccuWeather estimated the damage and economic losses caused by Hurricane Helene, which tore across six southeastern states last fall, at $225 billion to $250 billion, the AP report said. The wildfires have forced a host of TV productions to temporarily stop filming. More than a dozen LA-based shows, ranging from Grey's Anatomy to The Price Is Right, have paused production, according to the Hollywood Reporter. The federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives will take the lead in investigating the exact cause of the multiple fires, according to Fox 11.  As officials try to determine the cause of a wildfire that has burned an estimated 7,000 structures in and around Altadena, investigators keep returning to one place: an electrical transmission tower in Eaton Canyon, according to LA Times.  Meanwhile, utilities are required to report to the California Public Utilities Commission when they know of "electric incidents potentially associated with a wildfire." On Friday, Southern California Edison filed a report related to the Eaton Fire in the hills near Pasadena, an area the utility serves, the FOX 11 report said. John Abatzoglou, a professor of Climatology at the University of California, told the Global Times on Monday via email that there are many other places globally that burn with more regularity than California, but the fires in the state have certainly been noteworthy for their intensity, size, and impacts.  Abatzoglou believed the specific causes for this year's wildfires "are still unknown right now, but are all human-caused fires," without further elaboration. "California has the perfect climate for fires," he said, explaining that typically 6-9 months of rain-free conditions during the warm season contribute to long curing periods for vegetation to become receptive to igniting and carrying fire. The large year-to-year variability in precipitation allow for abundant grass and shrubs to flourish during the good years and become fuel during dry times, he said.  Topography that favors mountain fire weather features like downslope Santa Ana winds that bring fire from the wildlands downhill into communities, and plenty of ignitions given the population, he said.  California accounts for about 15 percent of all burned area in the contiguous US, but 75 percent of direct population exposure to wildfire, which results in "people living with a fire footprint," Abatzoglou added. Wang Hongwei, a professor from the Renmin University of China's school of public administration and policy, who frequently took part in emergency response events in China, told the Global Times that from his point of view, local weak disaster relief efforts, such as the shortage of firefighters in the initial phase of rescue and fire hydrants that ran dry, also fuel such large-scale fires in California. 【原创·阅读理解】 1. According to the passage, when will the power restoration work in Los Angeles County begin? A. On Sunday night. B. After the assessment of the fire - affected areas is completed. C. When the wildfires are completely put out. D. As soon as the crews find out the cause of the power cut. 2. What can we infer from the comparison between the wildfires in California and Hurricane Helene? A. The wildfires in California are less destructive than Hurricane Helene. B. The wildfires in California are more destructive than Hurricane Helene. C. The wildfires in California will cause more economic losses in the future. D. The damage caused by Hurricane Helene is not as serious as expected. 3. What is the main idea of the paragraph about John Abatzoglou's opinion? A. To introduce the frequency of wildfires in different places. B. To explain the reasons why California is prone to wildfires. C. To compare the impacts of wildfires in different regions. D. To show the relationship between climate and wildfires. 4. What is Wang Hongwei's attitude towards the wildfires in California? A. Indifferent. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Supportive. 【高频词汇训练】 翻译句子： 1．要记住，你的个人信息一定要保密。（keep in mind, keep……private）（汉译英） 2．消防员对猛烈的大火迅速作出反应，及时将它控制住。(firefighter, fierce, blaze, react, bring...under control)(汉译英) 3．当你和父母意见相左时，冷静下来并尝试从他们的角度了解情况。(from one’s point of view) (汉译英) 4．研究人员想弄清楚经常与动物接触是否能帮助人们有效减轻压力。(exposure) (汉译英) 5．我经常在业余时间和一些英语网友聊天，这对我的英语口语很有帮助。(contribute to, which的非限制性定语从句) （汉译英） 6．人们倾向于与他们有相似兴趣的人交往。(associate with) (汉译英) 7．警察正在调查一件谋杀案，在这个案子中，两个人在一家酒店被杀。(were investigating, kill, hotel) (汉译英) 8．Thando毕业后成为了一名设计电脑游戏的设计师并专注于探索新产品。(product)（SVO）(汉译英) 9．虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。（in terms of, estimate）(汉译英) 10．亨利被安排做厨师长，负责全体机组人员和乘客的健康饮食。 (assign, crew) (汉译英) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$