热点02 科技改变生活（四大题型）-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（北京专用）

热点02 科技改变生活（四大题型） 科学与技术热点话题广泛，涵盖人工智能、深海探索、新的医疗设备、基因编辑技术、数字技术等多个领域。这些热点话题不仅反映了当前科技发展的重点和特点，也预示着未来科技发展的方向和趋势。 （建议用时：60分钟） 阅读理解 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京东城·期末）In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then dumped it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO₂ out of the air. Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to manipulate (控制) it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic approach. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention. Microbes, after all, play enormously consequential roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world. One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air. Scaling up any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas. Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere. The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small. 1．What can we learn about geoengineering? A．Ocean iron-fertilization is on the horizon. B．Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective. C．Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D．Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches? A．Their impact on the ecosystem is overlooked. B．Their implications are hard to anticipate. C．They call for decades of preparation. D．They are monitored continuously. 3．The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________. A．the target microbes survive B．carbon is stored separately C．the phytoplankton grows faster D．more deep-sea organisms are tested 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems? B．How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun? C．How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Approaches? D．How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球工程(geoengineering)这一技术，包括其向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长吸收二氧化碳、改造细菌消耗甲烷等方法，同时也探讨了其潜在的不确定性和风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. (一种受欢迎的方法是以甲烷为中心，甲烷是一种温室气体，占全球温度上升的30%。教授Mary Lidstrom正在研究如何基因改造自然消耗甲烷的细菌，以便这些微生物从空气中吸收更多的气体)”可知，关于地球工程，有科学家正在研究如何基因改造消耗甲烷的细菌，即改进食用甲烷的细菌。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas.(要想显著减缓甲烷引起的气候变暖，需要大约30万个生物反应器在20年内保持活跃。下游的影响很难预测，更不用说控制了。例如，进入太平洋的铁可能会对世界海洋的其他地区产生影响)”可推知，地球工程方法可能带来其它后果，其影响很难预测。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere. (从大气中窃取的碳应该被埋藏至少一个世纪才能产生最大影响。然而，如果浮游植物没有下沉到足够深的水域，它很可能会被表层海洋中的生物吃掉，而二氧化碳则会重新回到大气中)”可推知，如果碳被单独储存起来，即不被表层海洋中的生物吃掉而回到大气中，那么向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长的实验就可能达到其预期效果。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. (向海洋施铁是一种地球工程，这是一套因其有可能对地球系统产生有意义的影响而令人着迷的技术，也因此而引发争议)”可知，文章主要介绍了地球工程这一技术，包括向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长吸收二氧化碳、改造细菌消耗甲烷等方法，同时也探讨了其潜在的不确定性和风险。故A选项“How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems?(地球工程将如何改善地球系统？)”是文章内容的概括，最适合作文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高三上·北京昌平·阶段练习）Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lower bodies of the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) cord injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal cord was able to send electrical signals to the muscles to permit them to stand、 walk and exercise. Scientists have discovered that neurons-which receive and send signals for muscle movements— often still work in injured patients with serious spinal cord injuries. However, past research into spinal cord injuries has centered on the stimulation of neurons. Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement. When the spinal cord receives the brain signals, it stimulates a collection of nerve cells that can activate different muscles. The researchers reported that all three patients who got the spinal cord implants were able to take their first steps within an hour after receiving them. Over the next six months, the patients regained the ability to take part in more advanced walking activities, the study found. They were also able to ride bicycles and swim in community settings. Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said. The team then developed artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked to the device. The AI controls electrodes on the device to send signals to stimulate individual nerves that control muscles needed for walking and other activities. However, because the patients’ muscles were weak from not being used, they needed help with supporting their weight, the researchers said. It also took some time for them to learn to work with the technology. Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.” 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Three paralyzed men recovered with the help of a new electrical device. B．Courtine and Bloch have found that neurons in paralyzed patients still work. C．The new electrical device can imitate the brain to send signals to the spinal cord. D．Stimulating the neurons is the focus of the latest research into spinal cord injuries. 2．How does the new device stimulate the spinal cord areas more directly? A．By using the AI system. B．By sending the signals to the brain. C．By making signals enter the spine from the sides. D．By stimulating nerves through the back of the spine. 3．Which can best describe Bloch’s idea in the last paragraph? A．Every garden has its weeds. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Put the cart before the horse. D．It’s hard to please all. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新的电气设备帮助瘫痪患者重新行走的研究。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement.(在洛桑瑞士联邦理工学院的Gregoire Courtine和Jocelyne Bloch领导的最新实验中，三名瘫痪男子被植入了一种新型电子设备，该设备旨在模仿大脑的一种行为，即向脊髓发送信号，导致肌肉运动。)”可知，这种新型电子设备可以模仿大脑向脊髓发送信号。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas.(与其他通过脊柱背面刺激神经来帮助瘫痪患者行走的尝试不同，Courtine说，他的团队重新设计了设备，使信号从侧面进入脊柱。这种方法可以更直接地定位和激活脊髓区域。)”可知，这种新设备通过使信号从侧面进入脊柱来更直接地刺激脊髓区。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”(Bloch仍然说：“他们训练得越多，他们的肌肉就越能抬起，动作也变得更加流畅。”)”可知，Bloch认为通过不断训练，患者的肌肉变得更加灵活，因此与“熟能生巧”相符。故选B。 Passage3 （24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this  technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. Certainly, goes the logic of CRISPR’s promise, the goal of ridding future generations of terrible diseases that cause suffering and death and exhaust resources, seems an unquestionable enterprise. This logic is consistent with wider societal views. The idea that ridding society of genetic differences that count as defect (缺陷) is an undeniable “good” continues to be pervasive. Editing out a gene-linked condition, supporters may argue, is different from editing out a person, and curing disease is a good thing. But our genetic conditions are not simply entities that can be clipped away from us and our genetic conditions form a fundamental part of who we are. Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic (优生学的) thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian (乌托邦的) future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. Expanding diversity in all its forms, including disability, strengthens the human community ethically and biologically because it opens the public and private sphere to a variety of perspectives, experiences and ideas to live together with mutual flourishing. Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. 1．According to the author, CRISPR is________. A．a necessary evil in treating severe diseases B．a questionable tool for removing faulty genes C．a promising technology to conserve resources D．a logical approach to improving human genetics 2．The author discusses “common sense” ableism in Paragraph 4 to________. A．compare genetic selection to eugenic thinking B．trace the evolution of genetic selection in history C．offer an example of campaigns to remove bad genes D．reveal the root of the societal view on genetic differences 3．What does the underlined part in the last sentence mean? A．People need to adopt more simplified solutions. B．The society should apply CRISPR into other fields. C．This belief might be widely practiced in the society. D．The technology will be used to create a utopian future. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The Dark Side of CRISPR B．In the Wake of Genetic Selection C．In Defense of Our Bad Genes D．The Promise and Price of Gene Editing 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了CRISPR基因编辑技术在治疗疾病的同时可能带来的社会伦理问题，特别是该技术可能导致排除遗传差异，从而影响社会多样性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this   technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious— lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. (CRISPR可以用于治疗疾病。然而，这项技术的深远、更令人担忧的前景——科学家们似乎既兴奋又谨慎——在于它有能力从基因库中消除医学认定的导致个体差异的缺陷或异常基因)”可知，作者认为CRISPR技术虽然有治疗疾病的能力，但也有删除基因池中有缺陷或异常基因的风险，这种做法是值得质疑的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic (优生学的) thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. (使用基因组操作工具和进行基因选择等同于一种新的优生思维形式，其基础是传播研究学者James L. Chemey所说的“常识”残疾歧视，这是一种信仰体系，它允许人们在否认任何令人厌恶的优生原则的同时，也支持它们。最终，“常识性”残疾歧视体现了一个类似的目标，即清除不可接受的人类变异，这与过去消除所谓的劣等运动的目标类似)”可知，作者讨论“常识”残疾主义是为了揭示社会遗传差异观的根源。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。由文章最后一段中“If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. (如果CRISPR被用于消除而不是治疗基因差异，我们作为一个社会，本质上是将这种道德主义和简化主义的假设工具化。)”可知，将这种道德主义和简化主义的假设工具化，暗示这种做法可能在社会上广泛实践。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. (科学应该指导政策，但是当像CRISPR这样的技术有可能排斥而不是帮助人们过自己的生活时，就需要谨慎)”和最后一段中“Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. (基因组编辑在重塑医学治疗方面是强大的，但它也可能是有害的，因为它把医学及其塑造的社会归类为患病或基因污染的人——那些被认为有坏基因的人——剔除了。我们应该记住，坏的基因并不一定导致坏的生活，正如好的基因并不一定导致好的生活一样)”可知，本文主要讨论了CRISPR基因编辑技术在治疗疾病的同时可能带来的社会伦理问题，特别是该技术可能导致排除遗传差异，从而影响社会多样性。因此，选项A“The Dark Side of CRISPR(CRISPR的阴暗面)”最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 Passage4 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）A gadget which makes water out of air could become the greatest household invention since the microwave. Using the same technology as a dehumidifier (除湿器), the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water because it can always get it from an unlimited source — the air. The company behind the machine says not only does it offer an alternative to bottled water in developed countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a daily water shortage. The machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter and over a cooling instrument which changes it into water droplets. It can produce up to 12 liters a day. The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over, as the amount of water which is contained in the air increases. In keeping with its eco- development, the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three lights. Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said: “The demand for water is off the chart. So people are looking for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable.” The machine, which is about 3 feet wide, is likely to cost £800 when it goes on sale here in the spring. Its maker, Canadian Firm Element Four, roughly calculates that a liter of water costs around 20p to produce. Environmentalists state that half the world’s population will face water shortage because of climate change by 2080. One in five is said to lack access to safe drinking. The Water Mill is not effective in areas where the amount of water contained in the air is below about 30 percent, but in Britain that won't be much of a problem. 1．Who would be most likely in need of The Water Mill? A．A household with high electricity bill. B．Residents in an area with frequent storms. C．A person who has access to water for free. D．Someone who lacks enough drinking water. 2．What do we learn about the machine? A．It absorbs steam and turns it into water. B．It is very expensive for families to afford. C．It works in the same way as microwaves. D．It helps to make the water clean to drink. 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．A New Way to Solve Water Problem B．A Dehumidifier to Produce Water C．A Machine to Make Water out of Air D．An Absolutely New Invention 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一款名为Water Mill的创新装置，该装置利用类似于除湿器的技术从空气中提取饮用水。它不仅为发达国家提供了瓶装水的替代品，还为数百万面临日常水资源短缺的人们提供了解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The company behind the machine says not only does it offer an alternative to bottled water in developed countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a daily water shortage.(制造这台机器的公司表示，它不仅为发达国家提供了瓶装水的替代品，而且为数百万每天面临缺水的人提供了解决方案。)”可知，这台机器不仅为发达国家提供了瓶装水的替代品，而且为数百万每天面临水资源短缺的人们提供了解决方案。因此，最有可能需要Water Mill的是那些缺乏足够饮用水的人。故选D。 2．细节理解题。文章第四段中“The machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter and over a cooling instrument which changes it into water droplets. (这台机器的工作原理是通过过滤器吸入湿空气，并通过冷却装置将其转化为水滴。)”可知，此处描述了机器的工作原理，这意味着机器通过吸入湿空气，经过过滤器和冷却装置，将其转化为水滴，即吸收了水蒸气并转化为水。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Using the same technology as a dehumidifier (除湿器), the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water because it can always get it from an unlimited source — the air.(利用与除湿器相同的技术，水磨可以从无限的资源——空气中——源源不断地产生饮用水。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种能从空气中制造饮用水的装置Water Mill，因此最适合的标题是描述这个装置的功能或特点的。C选项“A Machine to Make Water out of Air(一种能从空气中制造水的机器)”直接概括了文章的主要内容，符合题意。故选C。 Passage5 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习） DOWNLOAD THESE APPS Our brains need challenging tasks to stay sharp. And thankfully, there’s an app for that-many, actually. Alvaro Femandez, CEO of market-research firm Sharp-Brains, suggests trying ones other than the games you usually play. “If you’re doing something that brings novelty, variety and a level of effort, you’re on the right path.” Here are three apps to get your brain going and three more to help it gear back down.BrainHQ This app serves up short tests to identify your weak spots — be it attention, memory or brain speed — and then offers suitable games to help you improve. Studies have shown users have the memory of a person 10 years younger, and have an easier time following a conversation in a crowded room. Lumosity Launched in 2007, this popular app with over 100 million users offers dozens of games and puzzles that focus on different brain skills. Completing tangram puzzles will help build your problem-solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math.Cognifit This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including: concentration memory reasoning and coordination. (It even promises to help you become a better driver!) Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD．Calm True to its name, Calm contains breathing exercises, three-to-25-minute guided rueditation sessions and stories designed to help you fall asleep. Actor Mathew McConaughey voices one such tale, called “Wonder”.Headspace This app has hundreds of guided meditations for every need: two-minute mini-sits, SOS sessions for moments of serious stress and versions for walks: For the end of the day, Headspace offers 45-minute podcasts that use calming visualizations and sounds to help you nod off.10% Happier Inspired by ABC news anchor Dan Harris’ bestselling book, this app includes more than 500 guided meditations, as well as short videos to keep you motivated and the option to text with a coach. 1．This passage is more likely to be seen in . A．a feature in a technology magazine B．the Health page of a newspaper C．an analysis from a medical magazine D．research from a university publication 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Both Lumocity and Cognifit can improve users’ memory through games. B．The users of BrainHO are ten years younger than those who don’t use it. C．Calm, Headspace and 10% Happier can help users improve sleep quality. D．In Calm, users can watch Mathew McConaughey act in the story “Wonder”. 3．“Jane is a senior three student. Since the beginning of school, she has been unable to concentrate in class, depressed and not very interested in anything.” Which of the following apps may be best for her? A．Calm and Headspace. B．Cognifit and 10% Happier. C．BrainHQ and Cognifit. D．Lumocity and 10% Happier. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了六款能够帮助提高大脑活力或放松身心的应用程序，并详细描述了它们各自的特点和功能。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Here are three apps to get your brain going and three more to help it gear back down.(这里有三个应用程序可以让你的大脑运转起来，还有三个可以帮助它放松。)”和下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了六款与大脑训练和放松相关的应用程序，这些应用程序属于科技产品的范畴，因此更可能出现在科技杂志的专题报道中。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Lumocity部分中“Completing tangram puzzles will help build your problem-solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math.(完成七巧板拼图有助于培养你的问题解决能力，配对游戏能提升记忆力，重新排列数字能磨练你对数学的掌握程度。)”和Cognifit部分中“This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including: concentration memory reasoning and coordination.(这款应用提供有趣的大脑游戏，有助于提升多种技能，包括：专注力、记忆力、推理能力和协调能力。)”可知，Lumocity和Cognifit提供的游戏可以提高用户的记忆力，故“Both Lumocity and Cognifit can improve users’ memory through games.(Lumocity 和 Cognifit 都可以通过游戏提高用户的记忆力。)”是正确表述。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据题目描述，Jane是一名高三学生，开学以来无法集中注意力，感到沮丧且对任何事情都不感兴趣。针对她的情况，需要选择能够帮助提高注意力和缓解抑郁情绪的应用程序。根据BrainHQ部分中“This app serves up short tests to identify your weak spots — be it attention, memory or brain speed — and then offers suitable games to help you improve.(这款应用提供简短的测试来确定你的薄弱点——无论是注意力、记忆力还是大脑反应速度——然后提供合适的游戏来帮助你提高。)”可知，BrainHQ有助于提升注意力；根据Cognifit部分中“Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD.(此外，Cognifit还提供针对特定情况的定制方案，包括帕金森氏症、“化疗大脑”、抑郁症和多动症。)”可知，Cognifit提供针对抑郁症的定制方案，可以缓解抑郁情绪。所以BrainHQ和Cognifit可能最适合Jane。故选C项。 Passage6 （24-25高三上·全国·开学考试）A new way to get rid of HIV from the body could one day be turned into a cure for infection by this virus, although it hasn’t yet been shown to work in people. The strategy uses a relatively recent genetic technique called CRISPR, which can make cuts in DNA to introduce errors into viral genetic material within immune cells (免疫细胞). “These findings represent a key advancement towards designing a cure strategy,” researcher Elena Herrera Carrillo at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands said in a statement. While infection with HIV was once nearly always fatal (致命的), those with the virus can now take drugs that stop it from reproducing. This gives them a nearly normal lifespan, as long as they diligently take their medicines every day. But when people are first infected, some of the virus inserts its DNA into their immune cells, where it stays dormant. If they stop taking their HIV medicines, this DNA “reawakens” and the virus starts spreading through their immune systems again. For a cure, we need some way of killing any dormant virus in the body. Several strategies have been tried, but none have so far been found to work. The latest approach uses a gene-editing system called CRISPR. Originally discovered in bacteria, this homes in on a specific DNA sequence, making cuts in it. By changing the DNA sequence being targeted, the system can potentially be turned into a form of gene therapy for many conditions, with the first such treatment having been approved last year in the US and UK as a cure for sickle cell anemia. Several groups are investigating using CRISPR which targets a gene in HIV as a way of disabling dormant virus. Now, Carrillo and her team have shown that, when tested on immune cells in a dish, their CRISPR system could disable all viruses, removing them from these cells. The work is due to be presented at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Barcelona, Spain, next month. Jonathan Stoye at the Francis Crick Institute in London says that although the results are encouraging, the next step is trials in animals and eventually people to show the treatment can reach all the immune cells with dormant HIV. Some of these cells are thought to reside in bone marrow, but there may be other body sites involved too, he says. “There’s still a fair amount of uncertainty about whether there are other reservoirs in other parts of the body,” he says. A Californian firm called Excision BioTherapeutics has previously shown that a CRISPR-based approach can reduce the amount of dormant virus in monkeys infected with a similar virus to HIV. 1．How does the CRISPR underlying logic? A．Curing people who have HIV. B．Preventing virus breeding. C．Unneeded to absorb drugs regularly. D．Changing DNA’s sequence. 2．Which description is the most suitable for the underlined word “dormant” in paragraph 4? A．Having biological activity suspended. B．Represented on a cost of arms in a lying position with the head on the forefeet. C．Marked by a suspension of external activity. D．Associated with, carried out, or applied during a period of dormancy. 3．How does the group conduct their research in paragraph 7? A．By erasing the virus into the cell. B．By testing outside the body. C．By launching a clinical trial. D．By verifying CRISPR’s efficiency. 4．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The treatment enables it to reach the system. B．HIV is still living in human beings’ marrow. C．Several functions should be investigated. D．The strategy is still regarded as a prospect. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种利用CRISPR基因编辑技术来消除体内HIV的新方法，尽管尚未在人类身上证明其有效性，但这种策略有望成为治愈HIV感染的方法。 1．细节理解题。由第六段“The latest approach uses a gene-editing system called CRISPR. Originally discovered in bacteria, this homes in on a specific DNA sequence, making cuts in it. By changing the DNA sequence being targeted, the system can potentially be turned into a form of gene therapy for many conditions, with the first such treatment having been approved last year in the US and UK as a cure for sickle cell anemia. (最新的方法使用了一种名为CRISPR的基因编辑系统。该系统最初在细菌中发现，它针对特定的DNA序列进行切割。通过改变靶向的DNA序列，该系统有可能成为许多疾病的基因治疗形式，去年美国和英国批准了第一种治疗镰状细胞贫血的方法)”可知，CRISPR的基本原理是通过改变DNA序列来进行基因编辑，从而有可能成为多种疾病的基因治疗方法。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。由第四段“But when people are first infected, some of the virus inserts its DNA into their immune cells, where it stays dormant. If they stop taking their HIV medicines, this DNA “reawakens” and the virus starts spreading through their immune systems again. (但是当人们第一次被感染时，一些病毒会将其DNA插入他们的免疫细胞中，并在那里保持dormant。如果他们停止服用艾滋病毒药物，这种DNA会“重新唤醒”，病毒会再次开始通过他们的免疫系统传播)”可知，停止服用艾滋病毒药物，进入人体免疫细胞的DNA会“重新唤醒”，说明之前这些DNA休眠了，dormant在此处的意思是“暂停生物活动”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。由第七段中“Now, Carrillo and her team have shown that, when tested on immune cells in a dish, their CRISPR system could disable all viruses, removing them from these cells. (现在，Carrillo和她的团队已经证明，当在培养皿中的免疫细胞上进行测试时，他们的CRISPR系统可以禁用所有病毒，将它们从这些细胞中清除)”可知，他们的研究是在体外进行的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“Jonathan Stoye at the Francis Crick Institute in London says that although the results are encouraging, the next step is trials in animals and eventually people to show the treatment can reach all the immune cells with dormant HIV. (伦敦弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的乔纳森·斯托耶说，尽管结果令人鼓舞，但下一步是在动物身上进行试验，并最终在人体内进行试验，以证明这种治疗可以到达所有休眠的艾滋病毒免疫细胞)”和最后一段“A Californian firm called Excision BioTherapeutics has previously shown that a CRISPR- based approach can reduce the amount of dormant virus in monkeys infected with a similar virus to HIV. (一家名为Excision BioTherapeutics的加利福尼亚公司此前已经证明，基于CRISPR的方法可以减少感染与HIV类似病毒的猴子体内休眠病毒的数量)”可知，这种策略有其好处，仍被视为一种前景。故选D项。 Passage7 （2024·北京海淀·一模）Researchers hope brain implants will one day help people with aphasia (失语症) to get their voice back — and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music. A new study analyzed data from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures (癫痫发作), using electrodes (电极) on the surface of their brain. As participants listened to a selected song, electrodes captured brain activity related to musical elements, such as tone, rhythm, and lyrics. Employing machine learning, Robert Knight from UC Berkeley and his colleagues reconstructed what the participants were hearing and published their study results. The paper is the first to suggest that scientists can “listen secretly to” the brain to synthesize (合成) music. To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI)model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery. Once the brain data were fed through the model, the music returned. The model also revealed some brain parts responding to different musical features of the song. Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences — tempo, stress, accents, and intonation — known as prosody (韵律). These elements carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces (BCI), assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages. This technology, still in its infancy, could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of aphasia. Future research should investigate whether these models can be expanded from music that participants have heard to imagined internal speech. If a brain-computer interface could recreate someone’s speech with the prosody and emotional weight found in music, it could offer a richer communication experience beyond mere words. Several barriers remain before we can put this technology in the hands — or brains — of patients. The current model relies on surgical implants. As recording techniques improve, the hope is to gather data non-invasively, possibly using ultrasensitive electrodes. However, under current technologies, this approach might result in a lower speed of decoding into natural speech. The researchers also hope to improve the playback clarity by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain’s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the brain produces. 1．What can we learn from the study? A．Electrodes can analyze musical elements. B．The decoding of brain data helps recreate music. C．Machine learning greatly enhances brain activity. D．The AI model monitors music-responsive brain regions. 2．What hopefully makes it possible to expand the model to speech? A．The prosody of speech. B．The collection of brain waves. C．The emotional weight of music. D．The reconstruction of information. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Unlocking the Secrets of Melodic Mind B．Brain Symphony: Synthesized Human Speech C．BCI Brings Hope to People with Aphasia D．Remarkable Journey: Decoding Brain with AI 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲科学家首次证明大脑电活动可解码并用于重构音乐，他们还期望该研究成果能助失语症患者恢复说话能力，未来需克服一些障碍才能将此技术应用于患者。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI) model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery.(为了将大脑活动数据转化为音乐声音，研究人员训练了一个人工智能模型来解码从数千个电极捕获的数据，这些电极是在参与者接受手术时听歌曲时连接到他们身上的)”可知，解码大脑数据有助于重新创造音乐。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences—tempo, stress, accents, and intonation—known as prosody. These elements carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces (BCI), assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages.(尽管研究结果主要集中在音乐上，但研究人员希望他们的结果在将脑电波转换为人类语言方面最有用。该研究的主要作者Ludovic Bellier解释说，无论语言是什么，语音都有小的旋律差异——节奏、重音、口音和语调——被称为韵律。这些元素所承载的意义是我们无法仅用语言交流的。他希望这个模型能够改善脑机接口，这是一种辅助设备，可以记录与语音相关的脑电波，并使用算法来重建预期的信息)”可知，是语音的韵律使得将模型扩展到语音成为可能。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Researchers hope brain implants will one day help people with aphasia to get their voice back — and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music.(研究人员希望大脑植入物有一天能帮助失语症患者恢复声音，甚至可能唱歌。现在，科学家们第一次证明，大脑的电活动可以被解码并用于重建音乐)”可知，文章主要讲科学家首次证明大脑电活动可解码并用于重构音乐，他们还期望该研究成果能助失语症患者恢复说话能力，未来需克服一些障碍才能将此技术应用于患者。由此可知，C选项“脑机接口为失语症患者带来希望”能够很好地概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。 语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京东城·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Scientists have made a tiny battery as thin as a human hair. Because it’s so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body 1 (deliver) medicine. Previously these robots needed sunlight to work, which limited   2 they could go. This new battery lets them work   3 needing external power. Currently, these batteries   4 (attach) to the robots by wires, but in the future, scientists hope to build the batteries into the robots. 【答案】1．to deliver 2．where 3．without 4．are attached 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们发明了一种像头发一样细的微型电池，它可以帮助微型机器人进入人体输送药物，且不需要外部力量就能工作。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：因为它很小，所以可以帮助微型机器人进入人体输送药物。空格处表示目的，用不定式形式作目的状语。故填to deliver。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：以前这些机器人需要阳光才能工作，这限制了它们能去那里。“ they could go”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“去那里”，用连接副词where引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 3．考查介词。句意：这种新电池使它们不需要外部电源就能工作。根据句意，表示“不需要”外部电源，用介词without构成否定，其意为“不使用，不借助”。故填without。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，这些电池通过电线连接到机器人上，但未来，科学家们希望将电池内置到机器人中。attach(连接)是谓语动词，与主语these batteries之间构成被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语batteries是复数名词，谓语用复数。故填are attached。 Passage 2 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 The Digital World is a set of volumes that aim to describe 1 digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of materials, 2 (clarify) the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have on everyday life. We mainly focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 3 (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. 【答案】1．how 2．clarifies 3．are encouraged 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过描述数字系统对社会的影响，以及介绍其基本概念和应用，帮助读者理解数字世界。 1．考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：《数字世界》是一系列旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会的卷册，帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多相互作用的部分。根据句子结构，这里需要一个连接词来引导宾语从句，并且表示方式或方法。因此，使用how“如何”来引导从句，说明数字系统影响社会的方式。故填how。 2．考查时态。句意：这套书中的每一卷都探索了一系列材料，阐明数字系统主要应用的基本概念，并讨论它们对日常生活的影响。explores与空格处单词以及后文and后的discusses构成并列的谓语动词，句子时态为一般现在时。由于主语Each volume是单数形式，因此空格处使用第三人称单数形式。故填clarifies。 3．考查被动语态。句意：我们鼓励读者在每一卷中特色展示的“进一步资源”部分的指导下继续探索数字世界。结合上一句中的focus和句意，可知句子时态用一般现在时，主语Readers与encourage之间是被动关系，此处需用一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done，主语为Readers，be动词需用are。故填are encouraged。 Passage3 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Smart campus is an emerging trend that allows educational institutions to combine smart technologies with physical infrastructure for improved services, decision making, campus sustainability etc. In recent years, various solutions 1 (adopt) on campus levels such as smart classrooms, digital libraries, taking students attendance through smart card and so forth. By embracing a smart campus strategy, institutions can help ensure they stay sustainable and 12 (competition), enhancing the experience for students, faculty, administrators, and researchers, as well as for the surrounding community 3 they coexist. 【答案】1．have been adopted 2．competitive 3．where 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，介绍了智能校园这种新兴流行的趋势及其带来的优势。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：近年来，各种解决方案已被采用在校园层面，如智能教室，数字图书馆，通过智能卡让学生出勤等。空处作谓语，根据In recent years可知，句子为现在完成时，主语solutions与adopt构成被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语solutions为复数，助动词用have。故填have been adopted。 5．考查形容词。句意：通过采用智能校园战略，机构可以帮助确保它们保持可持续和竞争力，提高学生、教师、管理人员和研究人员以及它们共存的周围社区的体验。空处与sustainable并列，用形容词作表语，表示“有竞争力的”用competitive。故填competitive。 6．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为community，作从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 Passage4 （24-25高三上·北京朝阳·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Now hundreds of Baidu’s Apollo Go robotaxis are operating on the streets of Wuhan, Hubei province. These vehicles, 1 (equip) with Baidu’s latest technology to keep safe, have become popular. People are attracted by the competitive price offers and good service. And new job 2 (opportunity) will come with the rising demand for robotaxis, such as cleaning and repairing. However, robotaxis have also raised people’s concerns. Thus, more efforts 3 (require) to enhance self-driving testing and related technology. 【答案】1．equipped 2．opportunities 3．are required 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，数百辆百度的Apollo Go机器人出租车在湖北武汉的街道上运行，这些车辆受到了广泛欢迎，但是它们的出现也引起了人们的担忧。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些装备了百度最新的安全技术的车辆已经变得很受欢迎。句子的谓语为have become，空为非谓语作状语，vehicles与equip构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。故填equipped。 2．考查名词。句意：新的工作机会将随着对机器人出租车（如清洁和修理）需求的增加而出现。opportunity为可数名词，空处作主语，用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填opportunities。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：因此，需要更多的努力来加强自动驾驶测试和相关技术。空处作谓语，efforts与require构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数。故填are required。 Passage5 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that a person’s thoughts were like objects in a closed box — a box 1 could only be “seen” into by oneself. We can never know what another person is really thinking about or exactly what things mean to them, since the box is closed to us. A machine intelligence, however, could 2 (examine) in ways a human mind cannot. If a machine said it was thinking of a beetle, its programming could be exposed — “opening the box” — to show precisely 3 it meant by “beetle”. Such development might, in turn, shed light on the mechanisms of human consciousness and thinking. 【答案】1．which/that 2．be examined 3．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了人类思想的不可知性和机器智能在理解思想方面的潜在能力。 1．考查定语从句。句意：哲学家Ludwig Wittgenstein认为，一个人的思想就像一个封闭的盒子里的物体——一个只有自己才能“看到”里面的盒子。此处引导定语从句，先行词是box，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，使用which或that引导，故填which/that。 2．考查被动语态。句意：然而，机器智能可以以人类思维无法做到的方式进行检验。谓语动词examine与主语A machine intelligence之间是被动关系，要使用被动语态，又因为情态动词could后面要使用动词原形，故填be examined。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：如果一台机器说它在想一只甲虫，它的编程就可以被揭示出来——“打开盒子”——准确地显示出它所说的“甲虫”是什么意思。本句为包含宾语从句的复合句，此处应填入引导词引导宾语从句并在从句中作meant的宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。 Passage6 （24-25高三上·北京通州·开学考试）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Since the 1970s, scientists 1 (search) for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain- computer interface technology could help people 2 disabilities send commands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from Switzerland, showed a small robotic wheelchair 3 (direct) by a person’s thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he 4 (watch) the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. 【答案】1．have been searching 1．with 2．directed 3．watched 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述的是科学家探索脑机接口，助力残障人士生活。这一技术展现了脑机接口技术在辅助残障人士生活方面的巨大潜力。 1．考查动词时态。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，科学家们一直在寻找将大脑与计算机连接起来的方法。设空处使用动词作谓语，句中Since the 1970s为现在完成时时间标志，同时根据句意，此处表示自20世纪70年代以来科学家们一直在寻找，表示该动作继续持续到未来，故使用现在完成进行时。主语复数，谓语复数。故填have been searching。 2．考查介词。句意：脑机接口技术可以帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。句中help sb with sth为固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”。故填with。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，来自瑞士的两位研究人员何塞·米兰(Jose Millan)和米歇尔·塔维拉(Michele Tavella)展示了一种由人的思想控制的小型机器人轮椅。句中showed为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处wheelchair与direct之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填directed。 4．考查动词时态。句意：他甚至可以边看车边说话，并用思想引导它。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据句意和前文的operated此处表示过去事实故使用一般过去时。故填watched。 Passage7 （2024·北京海淀·一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A parent’s nightmare turned to relief in Florida as policemen swiftly rescued a missing five-year-old girl with autism. The local police launched a desperate search, 1 (use) air and ground efforts. Thermal imaging (热成像) 2 (lead) to the discovery of her in a swampy area. A body-worn camera captured the heroic moment of her rescue. 3 policemen’s quick response, she was found unharmed. The public praised the team’s efficiency in turning 4 could have been a tragedy into a heartwarming reunion. 【答案】1．using 2．led 3．With 4．what 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在佛罗里达州，警方成功利用热成像技术找到一名失踪的五岁自闭症女孩，避免了悲剧发生，使她与家人重新团聚。 1．考查现在分词。句意：当地警方动用空中和地面力量展开了绝望的搜索。分析句子结构可知，use在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，它和“the local police”之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语，故填using。 2．考查时态。句意：热成像发现她是在一个沼泽地区。根据上下文可知，句子描述的事情发生在过去，动词使用一般过去时，故填led。 3．考查介词。句意：由于警察的迅速反应，她才安然无恙。此处应该填入介词，表示“由于，因为”且只能填入一个词，故填With。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：公众赞扬了该团队的效率，将原本可能发生的悲剧变成了一场暖心的团聚。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……事物”，因此使用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 阅读表达 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Jokes and humor are often considered unimportant. This is understandable: they are, by definition, not serious. Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. For example, they can stimulate blood circulation and aid muscle relaxation, both of which can help reduce stress. But why do we respond, in powerful and rewarding ways, to things that are objectively meaningless? Scientists have spent years studying how humor works in the brain and on the various types of jokes that produce it. Puns, the most familiar type of jokes, are where specific elements of language convey different meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” “Here” hole in one has two possible interpretations: one pair is damaged or someone’s ball goes into the hole the first time he hit it. We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. Therefore, the brain’s humor processes are still engaged. How does humor arise from the brain? Our brains have developed a system to recognize when things don’t match expectations. If normality is overturned, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates tension. However, the system that recognizes incongruity (不一致) also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, easing the tension. After that, we learn something new and expand our mental model, experiencing a rewarding feeling. Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences. If the incongruity is not resolved, humor is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers?” is “in case the metal eagle that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. This would explain why unreal humor is often hard to get right. 1．What is the benefit of jokes and humor? 2．Why can people recognize the humor in puns? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved. 4．Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. 2．Because of puns’ simplicity and familiarity. 3．People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved. 4．Having a good sense of humor can improve my communication skills. It can help me express myself more effectively and connect with others. Besides, using humor requires me to take sudden shifts in perspective or thinking patterns, which helps boost my creativity. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了笑话和幽默对健康有益处，能缓解压力。同时，文章还解释了幽默是如何在大脑中产生的。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties.( 然而，笑话和幽默通过它们缓解压力的特性对健康有益)”可知，笑话和幽默通过它们缓解压力的特性对健康有益。故答案为Jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. (我们可能不会真的嘲笑它们，但它们的简单和熟悉使大多数人认识到双关语中的幽默)”可知，人们能认出双关语中的幽默是因为双关语的简单和熟悉。故答案为Because of puns’ simplicity and familiarity. 3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences.(基本上，多亏了我们大脑中这些复杂的系统，幽默来自于某种出人意料、意外或错误的事物，只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果)”可知，只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果，某些令人惊讶、意想不到或错误的事情则会产生幽默。原句题干“People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved.(人们可以从一些令人惊讶的、意想不到的或错误的事情中找到幽默，只要不协调的地方没有被解决)”中的后半句as long as the incongruity remains unsolved与原文表达信息不一致，文章中指出只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果，某些令人惊讶、意想不到或错误的事情则会产生幽默，而此处强调的是故是只要不协调的地方没有被解决。故答案为：People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved. 4．开放性题目。根据题干“Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor?( 除了文中提到的好处，你还能从幽默中得到什么好处？)”可知，本人认为有良好的幽默感可以提高我的沟通能力。它可以帮助我更有效地表达自己，并与他人联系。此外，运用幽默需要我突然转变观点或思维模式，这有助于提高我的创造力。故答案为Having a good sense of humor can improve my communication skills. It can help me express myself more effectively and connect with others. Besides, using humor requires me to take sudden shifts in perspective or thinking patterns, which helps boost my creativity. 阅读七选五 Passage1 （24-25高三上·河南·阶段练习）Thanks to scientific and technological developments, billions of people today are living a better life than that of kings of centuries ago. 1 After all, despite all the progress we've made, the world faces many challenges in the 21st century: climate change, poverty and cancer, etc. Our best hope of dealing with these challenges is to make science and technology more productive. One practical way to achieve this is through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and laboratory automation. AI systems already possess superhuman scientific powers. They can remember massive volumes of facts and learn from huge datasets. 2 These powers are highly praised even by human scientists. 3 Robots can now carry out most of the laboratory tasks humans can. Then there’re AI Scientists: AI systems integrated with laboratory automations that are capable of carrying out the closed-loop (闭环) automation of scientific research. These systems automatically generate hypotheses (假设) to explain observations, design experiments to test these hypotheses, interpret the results and then repeat the cycle. Within the last year or so, the world has been astonished by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, which have achieved ground-breaking performance on a wide range of conversation- based tasks. 4 This is associated with their capacity to read all the scientific literature and act as a source of scientific knowledge. However, the application of AI to science has the potential for harm. As a step towards preventing this, some scientists have prepared the Stockholm Declaration on AI for Science. 5 They urge all scientists working with AI to sign. A．They can carry out perfect logical reasoning. B．Today, laboratory automation is increasingly advancing. C．AI has the potential to transform the very process of thinking. D．These LLMs show great potential for super-charging AI Scientists. E．There’re now about 100 AI Scientists worldwide, working in various areas. F．However, it is deeply surprising how little appreciated this astonishing fact is. G．This commits the signees to the responsible and healthy development of AI for science. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了科学的未来的人工智能和自动化。 1．根据上文“Thanks to scientific and technological developments, billions of people today are living a better life than that of kings of centuries ago.(由于科学技术的发展，今天数十亿人过着比几个世纪前国王更好的生活)”和下文“After all, despite all the progress we’ve made, the world faces many challenges in the 21st century: climate change, poverty and cancer, etc.(毕竟，尽管我们取得了如此多的进步，但在21世纪，世界仍面临着许多挑战:气候变化、贫困和癌症等)”可知，上下文是转折关系，F项“然而，令人深感惊讶的是，这个惊人的事实并不很受人们的欣赏”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据上文“They can remember massive volumes of facts and learn from huge datasets.(他们可以记住大量的事实，并从庞大的数据集中学习)”以及下文“These powers are highly praised even by human scientists.(这些能力甚至受到人类科学家的高度赞扬)”可知，空处和上文并列，说明人工智能的能力，A项“他们能进行完美的逻辑推理”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据下文“Robots can now carry out most of the laboratory tasks humans can. Then there' re AI Scientists: AI systems integrated with laboratory automations that are capable of carrying out the closed-loop (闭环) automation of scientific research.(机器人现在可以完成大部分人类能完成的实验室任务。还有人工智能科学家：人工智能系统与实验室自动化相结合，能够实现科学研究的闭环自动化)”可知，本段是描述实验室的自动化情况，B项“今天，实验室自动化正在不断推进”符合语境，故选B。 4．上文“Within the last year or so, the world has been astonished by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, which have achieved ground- breaking performance on a wide range of conversation-based tasks.(在过去一年左右的时间里，像ChatGPT这样的大型语言模型(LLMs)取得了惊人的成功，它们在广泛的基于对话的任务中取得了突破性的表现)”提到一些大型语言模型的突出表现，D项“这些大型语言模型显示出了为人工智能科学家提供超级充电的巨大潜力”继续阐述它们的巨大潜能，符合语境，故选D。 5．上文“As a step towards preventing this, some scientists have prepared the Stockholm Declaration on AI for Science.(为了防止这种情况的发生，一些科学家准备了《关于人工智能促进科学的斯德哥尔摩宣言》)”提到一些科学家准备了《关于人工智能促进科学的斯德哥尔摩宣言》，G项“这就要求签约者以负责和有益身心的态度发展人工智能”描述该宣言的内容，符合语境，故选G。 【同源语篇阅读】 【话题·导语】 据新华社1月2日报道，中国民用航空局（CAAC）表示，由沈阳航空航天大学辽宁通用航空研究院自主研发的四座电动飞机RX4E瑞祥已获得型号合格证。该飞机是中国第一架获得CAAC官方型号合格证的电池供电普通类飞机。 【原文·外刊阅读】 China's first 4-seat zero-emission electric aircraft obtains type certification from CAAC （文章来源：Global Times） The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) said that the RX4E Rui Xiang, a four-seat electric aircraft independently developed by Liaoning General Aviation Academy of Shenyang Aerospace University, has been granted a type certificate, Xinhua News Agency reported on Thursday. The aircraft is China's first normal-category aircraft powered by electric batteries to receive official type certification from CAAC, the regulator, marking a milestone in the nation's new energy electric aircraft technology. The RX4E aircraft is China's first fully electric, normal-category aircraft designed to comply with CCAR-23, China's Civil Aviation Regulations for normal-category aircraft, Xinhua reported. The electric aircraft has a wingspan of 13.5 meters, a length of 8.4 meters, and a maximum take-off weight of 1,260 kilograms. Meanwhile, the aircraft delivers a maximum endurance of 1.5 hours and is notable for its zero carbon emissions, low noise, cost-effective operation, and high reliability. This aircraft could be used in pilot training, sightseeing, recreational flying, aerial photography, and aviation surveying, Xinhua reported. Moreover, efforts are underway to develop more variants, including sea-borne, snow and ice-based, hydrogen-powered, and other specialized models, to broaden its applications and boost market competitiveness. China's low-altitude economy is experiencing rapid growth, driven by an incessantly improving industrial environment and robust supply chains. The low-altitude economy is projected to reach a market size of 670.25 billion yuan ($93.9 billion) in 2024, according to data from CCID Consulting. 【原创·阅读理解】 1. What is the significance of the RX4E Rui Xiang obtaining a type certificate? A. It is the first aircraft in the world to get such a certificate. B. It marks a milestone in China's new energy electric aircraft technology. C. It indicates China's leading position in global aviation. D. It will immediately boost the low - altitude economy. 2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the RX4E aircraft? A. Zero carbon emissions. B. High - altitude flight ability. C. Low noise. D. Cost - effective operation. 3. What can be inferred from the passage about China's low - altitude economy? A. It has already reached a market size of 670.25 billion yuan. B. It is growing slowly due to the lack of technology. C. The development of the RX4E aircraft may contribute to its growth. D. It mainly depends on international cooperation. 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. C 【解析】 1 文章第二段提到 “The aircraft is China's first normal - category aircraft powered by electric batteries to receive official type certification from CAAC, the regulator, marking a milestone in the nation's new energy electric aircraft technology.”，明确指出 RX4E “锐翔” 获得型号合格证标志着中国新能源电动飞机技术的一个里程碑，所以 B 选项正确。A 选项文中未提及它是世界上第一架获得此类证书的飞机；C 选项文中没有表明它意味着中国在全球航空领域处于领先地位；D 选项 “immediately boost” 过于绝对，获得证书与推动低空经济增长并非直接的立即的因果关系。 2 文章第五段提到 “the aircraft delivers a maximum endurance of 1.5 hours and is notable for its zero carbon emissions, low noise, cost - effective operation, and high reliability”，分别对应 A、C、D 选项。而文中未提及该飞机具有高空飞行能力，所以 B 选项不属于其优势。 3 文章提到 RX4E 飞机可用于多种领域，且正在开发更多变体以拓宽应用和提升竞争力，同时中国低空经济正快速增长。由此可以推断，RX4E 飞机的发展可能会对低空经济增长做出贡献，C 选项正确。A 选项，文中说的是预计 2024 年达到 6702.5 亿元，并非已经达到；B 选项与原文 “China's low - altitude economy is experiencing rapid growth” 不符；D 选项文中未提及低空经济主要依赖国际合作。 【高频词汇训练】 完成句子： 1．Each receives a certificate for completing the workshop. 每位完成工作坊的参与者都会获得一份证书。 2．很多人都为他用这么长的时间才下定决心感到吃惊。 Many have been surprised at the length of time it has taken him to make his mind. 3．他想去放松休息一下，如何回来时精力充沛、积极向上。 He wanted to recharge his batteries and come back feeling fresh and . 4．There are many places where supply chains are lockdown measures. 在许多地方，供应链被封城措施中断。 5． the industrial park, visitors can admire the historical glory of the “tea boat road”. 除了工业园区，游客还可以欣赏到“茶船路”的历史辉煌。 6．我们依赖译员而不是机器来翻译文件,因为我们相信他们更可靠。(as引导原因状语从句,reliable) We rely on translators rather than machines to translate papers . 7．You can the artist will deliver the paintings on time. 你可以放心，这位艺术家会准时交付这些画作。 8．无人机是一种无飞行员、被遥控操作的飞机。 A drone is an aircraft a pilot is operated remote control. 9．Within six months, her country (使分离，分开) by civil war, her family was broken. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【参考答案】 1．participant 【详解】考查名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“参与者”，是participant，空前有each，空格处用单数，故填participant。 2．up 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据中英文提示可知，固定搭配make up one’s mind，意为“下定决心”。故填up。 3．positive 【详解】考查形容词。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用形容词positive，在系动词feel后作表语。故填positive。 4．interrupted by 【详解】考查语态。“中断”为动词interrupt，在where引导的定语从句中，主语supply chains和动词interrupt是被动关系，应用interrupt的过去分词形式与are构成一般现在时的被动语态，be interrupted by意为“被……中断”，故填interrupted by。 5．In addition to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“除了……”应用in addition to，为介词短语，在本句中作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填In addition to。 6．as we believe they are more reliable 【详解】考查原因状语从句，比较级，宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处用as引导原因状语从句。表示“可靠的”为reliable；根据句意可知，此处是更可靠的，因此用比较级为more reliable。表示“相信”为believe，believe后接宾语从句，从句为陈述语气，省略that。此处为陈述事实，故用一般现在时。故答案为as we believe they are more reliable。 7．rely on it that 【详解】考查固定句型。根据汉语提示可知，本句话可使用固定句型“rely on it that”表示“相信……”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。情态动词can后用动词原形。故填rely on it that。 8． without that by 【详解】考查介词和定语从句。第一个空缺少介词，表示“没有”是without，第二个空是定语从句，aircraft是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句，第三个空缺少介词，表示“被”用by，故填without；that；by。 9．torn apart 【详解】考查固定短语和独立主格结构。句意：六个月内，她的国家因内战而四分五裂，她的家庭也支离破碎。根据汉语提示“使分离，分开”可知，本空用固定短语tear apart，本句系动词为was，此处为非谓语动词，且her country与tear apart为被动关系，应用过去分词，与her country构成独立主格结构。故填torn apart。 【参考译文】 据新华社周四报道，中国民用航空局（CAAC）表示，由沈阳航空航天大学辽宁通用航空研究院自主研发的四座电动飞机 RX4E “锐翔” 已获得型号合格证。 这架飞机是中国首款获得民用航空局正式型号认证的、以电池为动力的正常类飞机，标志着中国新能源电动飞机技术取得了一个里程碑式的成果。 据新华社报道，RX4E 飞机是中国首款完全电动的、符合中国民用航空正常类飞机规章 CCAR - 23 设计要求的正常类飞机。 该电动飞机翼展 13.5 米，机长 8.4 米，最大起飞重量 1260 千克。 同时，该飞机最大续航时间为 1.5 小时，具有零碳排放、噪音低、运营成本效益高以及可靠性强等显著特点。 据新华社报道，这款飞机可用于飞行员培训、观光、休闲飞行、航空摄影以及航空测绘等领域。 此外，目前正在努力研发更多变体机型，包括舰载型、冰雪型、氢动力型以及其他专业型号，以拓宽其应用范围，提升市场竞争力。 在中国不断改善的产业环境和强劲供应链的推动下，中国低空经济正在迅猛发展。根据赛迪顾问的数据，预计 2024 年低空经济市场规模将达到 6702.5 亿元人民币（939 亿美元）。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点02 科技改变生活（四大题型） 科学与技术热点话题广泛，涵盖人工智能、深海探索、新的医疗设备、基因编辑技术、数字技术等多个领域。这些热点话题不仅反映了当前科技发展的重点和特点，也预示着未来科技发展的方向和趋势。 （建议用时：60分钟） 阅读理解 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京东城·期末）In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then dumped it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO₂ out of the air. Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to manipulate (控制) it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic approach. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention. Microbes, after all, play enormously consequential roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world. One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air. Scaling up any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas. Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere. The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small. 1．What can we learn about geoengineering? A．Ocean iron-fertilization is on the horizon. B．Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective. C．Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D．Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches? A．Their impact on the ecosystem is overlooked. B．Their implications are hard to anticipate. C．They call for decades of preparation. D．They are monitored continuously. 3．The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________. A．the target microbes survive B．carbon is stored separately C．the phytoplankton grows faster D．more deep-sea organisms are tested 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems? B．How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun? C．How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Approaches? D．How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver? Passage 2 （24-25高三上·北京昌平·阶段练习）Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lower bodies of the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) cord injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal cord was able to send electrical signals to the muscles to permit them to stand、 walk and exercise. Scientists have discovered that neurons-which receive and send signals for muscle movements— often still work in injured patients with serious spinal cord injuries. However, past research into spinal cord injuries has centered on the stimulation of neurons. Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement. When the spinal cord receives the brain signals, it stimulates a collection of nerve cells that can activate different muscles. The researchers reported that all three patients who got the spinal cord implants were able to take their first steps within an hour after receiving them. Over the next six months, the patients regained the ability to take part in more advanced walking activities, the study found. They were also able to ride bicycles and swim in community settings. Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said. The team then developed artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked to the device. The AI controls electrodes on the device to send signals to stimulate individual nerves that control muscles needed for walking and other activities. However, because the patients’ muscles were weak from not being used, they needed help with supporting their weight, the researchers said. It also took some time for them to learn to work with the technology. Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.” 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Three paralyzed men recovered with the help of a new electrical device. B．Courtine and Bloch have found that neurons in paralyzed patients still work. C．The new electrical device can imitate the brain to send signals to the spinal cord. D．Stimulating the neurons is the focus of the latest research into spinal cord injuries. 2．How does the new device stimulate the spinal cord areas more directly? A．By using the AI system. B．By sending the signals to the brain. C．By making signals enter the spine from the sides. D．By stimulating nerves through the back of the spine. 3．Which can best describe Bloch’s idea in the last paragraph? A．Every garden has its weeds. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Put the cart before the horse. D．It’s hard to please all. Passage3 （24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this  technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. Certainly, goes the logic of CRISPR’s promise, the goal of ridding future generations of terrible diseases that cause suffering and death and exhaust resources, seems an unquestionable enterprise. This logic is consistent with wider societal views. The idea that ridding society of genetic differences that count as defect (缺陷) is an undeniable “good” continues to be pervasive. Editing out a gene-linked condition, supporters may argue, is different from editing out a person, and curing disease is a good thing. But our genetic conditions are not simply entities that can be clipped away from us and our genetic conditions form a fundamental part of who we are. Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic (优生学的) thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian (乌托邦的) future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. Expanding diversity in all its forms, including disability, strengthens the human community ethically and biologically because it opens the public and private sphere to a variety of perspectives, experiences and ideas to live together with mutual flourishing. Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. 1．According to the author, CRISPR is________. A．a necessary evil in treating severe diseases B．a questionable tool for removing faulty genes C．a promising technology to conserve resources D．a logical approach to improving human genetics 2．The author discusses “common sense” ableism in Paragraph 4 to________. A．compare genetic selection to eugenic thinking B．trace the evolution of genetic selection in history C．offer an example of campaigns to remove bad genes D．reveal the root of the societal view on genetic differences 3．What does the underlined part in the last sentence mean? A．People need to adopt more simplified solutions. B．The society should apply CRISPR into other fields. C．This belief might be widely practiced in the society. D．The technology will be used to create a utopian future. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The Dark Side of CRISPR B．In the Wake of Genetic Selection C．In Defense of Our Bad Genes D．The Promise and Price of Gene Editing Passage4 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）A gadget which makes water out of air could become the greatest household invention since the microwave. Using the same technology as a dehumidifier (除湿器), the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water because it can always get it from an unlimited source — the air. The company behind the machine says not only does it offer an alternative to bottled water in developed countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a daily water shortage. The machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter and over a cooling instrument which changes it into water droplets. It can produce up to 12 liters a day. The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over, as the amount of water which is contained in the air increases. In keeping with its eco- development, the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three lights. Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said: “The demand for water is off the chart. So people are looking for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable.” The machine, which is about 3 feet wide, is likely to cost £800 when it goes on sale here in the spring. Its maker, Canadian Firm Element Four, roughly calculates that a liter of water costs around 20p to produce. Environmentalists state that half the world’s population will face water shortage because of climate change by 2080. One in five is said to lack access to safe drinking. The Water Mill is not effective in areas where the amount of water contained in the air is below about 30 percent, but in Britain that won't be much of a problem. 1．Who would be most likely in need of The Water Mill? A．A household with high electricity bill. B．Residents in an area with frequent storms. C．A person who has access to water for free. D．Someone who lacks enough drinking water. 2．What do we learn about the machine? A．It absorbs steam and turns it into water. B．It is very expensive for families to afford. C．It works in the same way as microwaves. D．It helps to make the water clean to drink. 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．A New Way to Solve Water Problem B．A Dehumidifier to Produce Water C．A Machine to Make Water out of Air D．An Absolutely New Invention Passage5 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习） DOWNLOAD THESE APPS Our brains need challenging tasks to stay sharp. And thankfully, there’s an app for that-many, actually. Alvaro Femandez, CEO of market-research firm Sharp-Brains, suggests trying ones other than the games you usually play. “If you’re doing something that brings novelty, variety and a level of effort, you’re on the right path.” Here are three apps to get your brain going and three more to help it gear back down.BrainHQ This app serves up short tests to identify your weak spots — be it attention, memory or brain speed — and then offers suitable games to help you improve. Studies have shown users have the memory of a person 10 years younger, and have an easier time following a conversation in a crowded room. Lumosity Launched in 2007, this popular app with over 100 million users offers dozens of games and puzzles that focus on different brain skills. Completing tangram puzzles will help build your problem-solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math.Cognifit This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including: concentration memory reasoning and coordination. (It even promises to help you become a better driver!) Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD．Calm True to its name, Calm contains breathing exercises, three-to-25-minute guided rueditation sessions and stories designed to help you fall asleep. Actor Mathew McConaughey voices one such tale, called “Wonder”.Headspace This app has hundreds of guided meditations for every need: two-minute mini-sits, SOS sessions for moments of serious stress and versions for walks: For the end of the day, Headspace offers 45-minute podcasts that use calming visualizations and sounds to help you nod off.10% Happier Inspired by ABC news anchor Dan Harris’ bestselling book, this app includes more than 500 guided meditations, as well as short videos to keep you motivated and the option to text with a coach. 1．This passage is more likely to be seen in . A．a feature in a technology magazine B．the Health page of a newspaper C．an analysis from a medical magazine D．research from a university publication 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Both Lumocity and Cognifit can improve users’ memory through games. B．The users of BrainHO are ten years younger than those who don’t use it. C．Calm, Headspace and 10% Happier can help users improve sleep quality. D．In Calm, users can watch Mathew McConaughey act in the story “Wonder”. 3．“Jane is a senior three student. Since the beginning of school, she has been unable to concentrate in class, depressed and not very interested in anything.” Which of the following apps may be best for her? A．Calm and Headspace. B．Cognifit and 10% Happier. C．BrainHQ and Cognifit. D．Lumocity and 10% Happier. Passage6 （24-25高三上·全国·开学考试）A new way to get rid of HIV from the body could one day be turned into a cure for infection by this virus, although it hasn’t yet been shown to work in people. The strategy uses a relatively recent genetic technique called CRISPR, which can make cuts in DNA to introduce errors into viral genetic material within immune cells (免疫细胞). “These findings represent a key advancement towards designing a cure strategy,” researcher Elena Herrera Carrillo at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands said in a statement. While infection with HIV was once nearly always fatal (致命的), those with the virus can now take drugs that stop it from reproducing. This gives them a nearly normal lifespan, as long as they diligently take their medicines every day. But when people are first infected, some of the virus inserts its DNA into their immune cells, where it stays dormant. If they stop taking their HIV medicines, this DNA “reawakens” and the virus starts spreading through their immune systems again. For a cure, we need some way of killing any dormant virus in the body. Several strategies have been tried, but none have so far been found to work. The latest approach uses a gene-editing system called CRISPR. Originally discovered in bacteria, this homes in on a specific DNA sequence, making cuts in it. By changing the DNA sequence being targeted, the system can potentially be turned into a form of gene therapy for many conditions, with the first such treatment having been approved last year in the US and UK as a cure for sickle cell anemia. Several groups are investigating using CRISPR which targets a gene in HIV as a way of disabling dormant virus. Now, Carrillo and her team have shown that, when tested on immune cells in a dish, their CRISPR system could disable all viruses, removing them from these cells. The work is due to be presented at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Barcelona, Spain, next month. Jonathan Stoye at the Francis Crick Institute in London says that although the results are encouraging, the next step is trials in animals and eventually people to show the treatment can reach all the immune cells with dormant HIV. Some of these cells are thought to reside in bone marrow, but there may be other body sites involved too, he says. “There’s still a fair amount of uncertainty about whether there are other reservoirs in other parts of the body,” he says. A Californian firm called Excision BioTherapeutics has previously shown that a CRISPR-based approach can reduce the amount of dormant virus in monkeys infected with a similar virus to HIV. 1．How does the CRISPR underlying logic? A．Curing people who have HIV. B．Preventing virus breeding. C．Unneeded to absorb drugs regularly. D．Changing DNA’s sequence. 2．Which description is the most suitable for the underlined word “dormant” in paragraph 4? A．Having biological activity suspended. B．Represented on a cost of arms in a lying position with the head on the forefeet. C．Marked by a suspension of external activity. D．Associated with, carried out, or applied during a period of dormancy. 3．How does the group conduct their research in paragraph 7? A．By erasing the virus into the cell. B．By testing outside the body. C．By launching a clinical trial. D．By verifying CRISPR’s efficiency. 4．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The treatment enables it to reach the system. B．HIV is still living in human beings’ marrow. C．Several functions should be investigated. D．The strategy is still regarded as a prospect. Passage7 （2024·北京海淀·一模）Researchers hope brain implants will one day help people with aphasia (失语症) to get their voice back — and maybe even to sing. Now, for the first time, scientists have demonstrated that the brain’s electrical activity can be decoded and used to reconstruct music. A new study analyzed data from 29 people monitored for epileptic seizures (癫痫发作), using electrodes (电极) on the surface of their brain. As participants listened to a selected song, electrodes captured brain activity related to musical elements, such as tone, rhythm, and lyrics. Employing machine learning, Robert Knight from UC Berkeley and his colleagues reconstructed what the participants were hearing and published their study results. The paper is the first to suggest that scientists can “listen secretly to” the brain to synthesize (合成) music. To turn brain activity data into musical sound, researchers trained an artificial intelligence (AI)model to decode data captured from thousands of electrodes that were attached to the participants as they listened to the song while undergoing surgery. Once the brain data were fed through the model, the music returned. The model also revealed some brain parts responding to different musical features of the song. Although the findings focused on music, the researchers expect their results to be most useful for translating brain waves into human speech. Ludovic Bellier, the study’s lead author, explains that speech, regardless of language, has small melodic differences — tempo, stress, accents, and intonation — known as prosody (韵律). These elements carry meaning that we can’t communicate with words alone. He hopes the model will improve brain-computer interfaces (BCI), assistive devices that record speech-associated brain waves and use algorithms to reconstruct intended messages. This technology, still in its infancy, could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of aphasia. Future research should investigate whether these models can be expanded from music that participants have heard to imagined internal speech. If a brain-computer interface could recreate someone’s speech with the prosody and emotional weight found in music, it could offer a richer communication experience beyond mere words. Several barriers remain before we can put this technology in the hands — or brains — of patients. The current model relies on surgical implants. As recording techniques improve, the hope is to gather data non-invasively, possibly using ultrasensitive electrodes. However, under current technologies, this approach might result in a lower speed of decoding into natural speech. The researchers also hope to improve the playback clarity by packing the electrodes closer together on the brain’s surface, enabling an even more detailed look at the electrical symphony the brain produces. 1．What can we learn from the study? A．Electrodes can analyze musical elements. B．The decoding of brain data helps recreate music. C．Machine learning greatly enhances brain activity. D．The AI model monitors music-responsive brain regions. 2．What hopefully makes it possible to expand the model to speech? A．The prosody of speech. B．The collection of brain waves. C．The emotional weight of music. D．The reconstruction of information. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Unlocking the Secrets of Melodic Mind B．Brain Symphony: Synthesized Human Speech C．BCI Brings Hope to People with Aphasia D．Remarkable Journey: Decoding Brain with AI 语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·北京东城·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Scientists have made a tiny battery as thin as a human hair. Because it’s so small, it could help tiny robots enter the body 1 (deliver) medicine. Previously these robots needed sunlight to work, which limited   2 they could go. This new battery lets them work   3 needing external power. Currently, these batteries   4 (attach) to the robots by wires, but in the future, scientists hope to build the batteries into the robots. Passage 2 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 The Digital World is a set of volumes that aim to describe 1 digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of materials, 2 (clarify) the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have on everyday life. We mainly focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 3 (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. Passage3 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Smart campus is an emerging trend that allows educational institutions to combine smart technologies with physical infrastructure for improved services, decision making, campus sustainability etc. In recent years, various solutions 1 (adopt) on campus levels such as smart classrooms, digital libraries, taking students attendance through smart card and so forth. By embracing a smart campus strategy, institutions can help ensure they stay sustainable and 12 (competition), enhancing the experience for students, faculty, administrators, and researchers, as well as for the surrounding community 3 they coexist. Passage4 （24-25高三上·北京朝阳·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Now hundreds of Baidu’s Apollo Go robotaxis are operating on the streets of Wuhan, Hubei province. These vehicles, 1 (equip) with Baidu’s latest technology to keep safe, have become popular. People are attracted by the competitive price offers and good service. And new job 2 (opportunity) will come with the rising demand for robotaxis, such as cleaning and repairing. However, robotaxis have also raised people’s concerns. Thus, more efforts 3 (require) to enhance self-driving testing and related technology. Passage5 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that a person’s thoughts were like objects in a closed box — a box 1 could only be “seen” into by oneself. We can never know what another person is really thinking about or exactly what things mean to them, since the box is closed to us. A machine intelligence, however, could 2 (examine) in ways a human mind cannot. If a machine said it was thinking of a beetle, its programming could be exposed — “opening the box” — to show precisely 3 it meant by “beetle”. Such development might, in turn, shed light on the mechanisms of human consciousness and thinking. Passage6 （24-25高三上·北京通州·开学考试）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Since the 1970s, scientists 1 (search) for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain- computer interface technology could help people 2 disabilities send commands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from Switzerland, showed a small robotic wheelchair 3 (direct) by a person’s thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he 4 (watch) the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. Passage7 （2024·北京海淀·一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A parent’s nightmare turned to relief in Florida as policemen swiftly rescued a missing five-year-old girl with autism. The local police launched a desperate search, 1 (use) air and ground efforts. Thermal imaging (热成像) 2 (lead) to the discovery of her in a swampy area. A body-worn camera captured the heroic moment of her rescue. 3 policemen’s quick response, she was found unharmed. The public praised the team’s efficiency in turning 4 could have been a tragedy into a heartwarming reunion. 阅读表达 Passage 1 （23-24高三上·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Jokes and humor are often considered unimportant. This is understandable: they are, by definition, not serious. Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. For example, they can stimulate blood circulation and aid muscle relaxation, both of which can help reduce stress. But why do we respond, in powerful and rewarding ways, to things that are objectively meaningless? Scientists have spent years studying how humor works in the brain and on the various types of jokes that produce it. Puns, the most familiar type of jokes, are where specific elements of language convey different meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” “Here” hole in one has two possible interpretations: one pair is damaged or someone’s ball goes into the hole the first time he hit it. We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. Therefore, the brain’s humor processes are still engaged. How does humor arise from the brain? Our brains have developed a system to recognize when things don’t match expectations. If normality is overturned, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates tension. However, the system that recognizes incongruity (不一致) also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, easing the tension. After that, we learn something new and expand our mental model, experiencing a rewarding feeling. Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences. If the incongruity is not resolved, humor is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers?” is “in case the metal eagle that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. This would explain why unreal humor is often hard to get right. 1．What is the benefit of jokes and humor? 2．Why can people recognize the humor in puns? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved. 4．Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor? (In about 40 words) 阅读七选五 Passage1 （24-25高三上·河南·阶段练习）Thanks to scientific and technological developments, billions of people today are living a better life than that of kings of centuries ago. 1 After all, despite all the progress we've made, the world faces many challenges in the 21st century: climate change, poverty and cancer, etc. Our best hope of dealing with these challenges is to make science and technology more productive. One practical way to achieve this is through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and laboratory automation. AI systems already possess superhuman scientific powers. They can remember massive volumes of facts and learn from huge datasets. 2 These powers are highly praised even by human scientists. 3 Robots can now carry out most of the laboratory tasks humans can. Then there’re AI Scientists: AI systems integrated with laboratory automations that are capable of carrying out the closed-loop (闭环) automation of scientific research. These systems automatically generate hypotheses (假设) to explain observations, design experiments to test these hypotheses, interpret the results and then repeat the cycle. Within the last year or so, the world has been astonished by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, which have achieved ground-breaking performance on a wide range of conversation- based tasks. 4 This is associated with their capacity to read all the scientific literature and act as a source of scientific knowledge. However, the application of AI to science has the potential for harm. As a step towards preventing this, some scientists have prepared the Stockholm Declaration on AI for Science. 5 They urge all scientists working with AI to sign. A．They can carry out perfect logical reasoning. B．Today, laboratory automation is increasingly advancing. C．AI has the potential to transform the very process of thinking. D．These LLMs show great potential for super-charging AI Scientists. E．There’re now about 100 AI Scientists worldwide, working in various areas. F．However, it is deeply surprising how little appreciated this astonishing fact is. G．This commits the signees to the responsible and healthy development of AI for science. 【同源语篇阅读】 【话题·导语】 据新华社1月2日报道，中国民用航空局（CAAC）表示，由沈阳航空航天大学辽宁通用航空研究院自主研发的四座电动飞机RX4E瑞祥已获得型号合格证。该飞机是中国第一架获得CAAC官方型号合格证的电池供电普通类飞机。 【原文·外刊阅读】 China's first 4-seat zero-emission electric aircraft obtains type certification from CAAC （文章来源：Global Times） The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) said that the RX4E Rui Xiang, a four-seat electric aircraft independently developed by Liaoning General Aviation Academy of Shenyang Aerospace University, has been granted a type certificate, Xinhua News Agency reported on Thursday. The aircraft is China's first normal-category aircraft powered by electric batteries to receive official type certification from CAAC, the regulator, marking a milestone in the nation's new energy electric aircraft technology. The RX4E aircraft is China's first fully electric, normal-category aircraft designed to comply with CCAR-23, China's Civil Aviation Regulations for normal-category aircraft, Xinhua reported. The electric aircraft has a wingspan of 13.5 meters, a length of 8.4 meters, and a maximum take-off weight of 1,260 kilograms. Meanwhile, the aircraft delivers a maximum endurance of 1.5 hours and is notable for its zero carbon emissions, low noise, cost-effective operation, and high reliability. This aircraft could be used in pilot training, sightseeing, recreational flying, aerial photography, and aviation surveying, Xinhua reported. Moreover, efforts are underway to develop more variants, including sea-borne, snow and ice-based, hydrogen-powered, and other specialized models, to broaden its applications and boost market competitiveness. China's low-altitude economy is experiencing rapid growth, driven by an incessantly improving industrial environment and robust supply chains. The low-altitude economy is projected to reach a market size of 670.25 billion yuan ($93.9 billion) in 2024, according to data from CCID Consulting. 【原创·阅读理解】 1. What is the significance of the RX4E Rui Xiang obtaining a type certificate? A. It is the first aircraft in the world to get such a certificate. B. It marks a milestone in China's new energy electric aircraft technology. C. It indicates China's leading position in global aviation. D. It will immediately boost the low - altitude economy. 2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the RX4E aircraft? A. Zero carbon emissions. B. High - altitude flight ability. C. Low noise. D. Cost - effective operation. 3. What can be inferred from the passage about China's low - altitude economy? A. It has already reached a market size of 670.25 billion yuan. B. It is growing slowly due to the lack of technology. C. The development of the RX4E aircraft may contribute to its growth. D. It mainly depends on international cooperation. 【高频词汇训练】 完成句子： 1．Each receives a certificate for completing the workshop. 每位完成工作坊的参与者都会获得一份证书。 2．很多人都为他用这么长的时间才下定决心感到吃惊。 Many have been surprised at the length of time it has taken him to make his mind. 3．他想去放松休息一下，如何回来时精力充沛、积极向上。 He wanted to recharge his batteries and come back feeling fresh and . 4．There are many places where supply chains are lockdown measures. 在许多地方，供应链被封城措施中断。 5． the industrial park, visitors can admire the historical glory of the “tea boat road”. 除了工业园区，游客还可以欣赏到“茶船路”的历史辉煌。 6．我们依赖译员而不是机器来翻译文件,因为我们相信他们更可靠。(as引导原因状语从句,reliable) We rely on translators rather than machines to translate papers . 7．You can the artist will deliver the paintings on time. 你可以放心，这位艺术家会准时交付这些画作。 8．无人机是一种无飞行员、被遥控操作的飞机。 A drone is an aircraft a pilot is operated remote control. 9．Within six months, her country (使分离，分开) by civil war, her family was broken. (根据汉语提示完成句子) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$