焦点 09 首字母填空-备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏南通）

焦点09 首字母填空 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【基础题】 A Denis Rancourt is a famous physics professor and a leading scientist in his field. He has published hundreds of scientific papers (论文) and dozens of books. One day, he d 1 to change the way he had been teaching for many years. Why? It all started a few years earlier. While doing research, he found that both water and land were p 2 , and animals were disappearing. “What should I do? he asked himself, “Should I continue to focus on my own teaching and research, or should I do something to s 3 these things from happening?” As a person who cares m 4 about the environment, he started doing things differently. He began with a science course which was open to everyone. He i 5 speakers to give talks on topics such as environmental policy, poverty, medical care, war, globalization, trade. He encouraged students to think,d 6 , and take action to make the world a better place. Once, a hall was filled with more than 120 people to listen to these speeches, i 7 two l2-year-old twins . He became a controversial (有争议的) figure on campus. Some people admired him for his bravery, sense of society and for his exciting teaching m 8 . Others argued that he was damaging the reputation (名誉) of the university. In an interview, he was asked w 9 he did all of this at the risk of his own career. “As educators, we should make people realize problems. What matters most is to stop the bad things from happening, w 10 they are China or in foreign countries.” Denis is now considered a mad professor. B A little boy selling magazines walked up to an old man’s house. The old man seldom came out and n 1 said hello to neighbors. The boy knocked on the door and w 2 . Slowly, the door opened. “What do you want?” the old man said. “Uh, sir. I am selling magazines and, uh, would you like to b 3 one?”     The old man just looked at the boy, saying n 4 . The boy could see inside the house and saw that he had many dog figurines （小雕像） above the fireplace . “Do you like d 5 ?” the little boy asked. “Yes, they are my family here.”The old man was ready to close the door on the boy and said, “No, boy, I don’t need any magazines.”     The little boy felt s 6 for the old man because he was alone. Then he thought of a little dog figurine that he had. The boy returned to the old man’s house w 7 it. He knocked on the door again and the old man came right to the door. “Boy, I thought I told you no magazine.”     “No, sir, I know that, I want to g 8 you a gift.” The boy handed him the figurine and the old man’s face lit up. The old man was surprised and said, “Boy, you have a big heart. Why are you doing this?” The boy smiled at the old man and said, “B 9 you like dogs.”     From that day on, the old man started coming out and saying hello to people. He and the boy became f 10 . This simple nice gesture （举动） changed both their lives forever. C Every school has r 1 for students to follow. However , some students may see the rules as a way which teachers control them in. Sometimes, they’re unhappy and even feel angry. Well, if you think your life is hard, you might think about the students in ancient times. For some of them, life was really hard. In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very strict and had the right to punish the students. Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished their children when their children didn’t do w 2 they were told to do. Often, the s 3 a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher. In fact, following school rules is very i 4 . For example, running in the hallway could cause a student to fall down. It may hurt him or a 5 person.F 6 the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn without difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands b 7 they speak. If someone speaks out of turn, other students might not be able to hear the teacher c 8 . School rules can help students prepare f 9 their own futures as well. When they grow up and go out on their own, they’ll soon find that they still need to follow rules. Rules m 10 the world much better. If there are no rules, life will be meaningless and in disorder. 【提升题】 A 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. In his youth (青年时期), he was s 1 to discover that many Chinese people suffered from hunger. After leaving college in 1953, Yuan spent nearly 70 years s 2 this problem. He believed deeply that “f 3 is the most important thing in the world”. He dreamed of developing more productive rice plants. However, it was easier said than done. Over 3,000 of his e 4 failed. “Failure (失败) is very common in scientific research,” he once said. “Every time I fall down, I’ll get up and t 5 again.” He travelled around China to realise his dream. He said, “I never stopped, like a bird going after the warmth of the sun.” F 6 , he succeeded in developing new kinds of rice plants. One produced 30% more rice than normal plants. Another could grow in the poor soils which cover large areas of China. But Yuan didn’t stop there. He had an even greater dream: a rice plant that would f 7 the whole world. Later, age made it more d 8 for him to work. Yuan just moved his house next to the rice fields! Yuan passed away in 2021, b 9 his dreams live on. His rice is grown around China and in about 60 other countries. His lifelong efforts have helped to feed 80 million more people a year. Yuan is r 10 as a national hero for helping build China into a modern socialist country. His example continues to encourage people to follow in his footsteps. B Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese gardens are a special f 1 of traditional Chinese culture and art. At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is u 2 a huge stone or wall to screen your view. This is to give you a pressed-in feeling in order to later produce unexpected joy w 3 you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations (假山) and a big lake. The best e 4 is the Summer Palace. Rock formations play an important role in the d 5 of a Chinese-style garden. Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese-style garden. They are as i 6 to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for its Four Seasons Rockeries. Gardens in the south are mostly small in size. Chinese garden designers have used the m 7 of “borrowing scenery with a mirror” to create a sense of space. A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the o 8 scenery. A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou. A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor (走廊). The whole garden will be s 9 in the mirror wherever the visitors are. A pool or a lake in a garden also serves this purpose. A pool runs from south to north t 10 the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang. East of the rockery, a man-made moon is reflected (倒映) in the pool. Whatever methods used, every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden. C 根据短文意思及所给首字母，写出一个完整正确的单词。 Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques (古玩). In the 18th and 19th c 1 , wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They k 2 their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the m 3 collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public are called galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on s 4 . Most of it is stored away or used for r 5 . Many museums are l 6 places and attract a lot of visitors. They can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine t 7 living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Center in York, b 8 looking at exhibits, people can also experience the sights, sounds and s 9 of the old town. Historical accuracy (精确) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete for people’s s 10 time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and organize special activities for children. 【拔高题】 A Having trouble telling one panda from another? A facial recognition app (面部识别程序) will make it easy for you. The app is d 1 by China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas. The image analysis (图像分析) research began in 2017 and up to now the research center has c 2 about 120,000 images and 10,000 video clips of giant pandas. Close to 10,000 panda pictures have been studied and marked. Using these pictures and facial information, researchers are a 3 to carry out automatic (自动的) facial recognition to tell the d 4 between pandas, the center said. Panda researchers hope AI t 5 will also help them study more about pandas in both reserves and the wild. “The app will help us g 3 more precise information on the population, distribution, ages, gender ratio, deaths of wild pandas, who live in deep mountains and are h 7 to find and mark,” said a researcher. “It will c 8 help us improve efficiency (效率) in protecting animals,” Chen said. China has carried out four scientific field research project of giant pandas in the wild. The giant panda was discovered 150 years ago and named in the city of Ya’an, Sichuan. It r 9 one of the world’s most endangered species (濒危物种). The number of pandas kept by humans was 548 globally as of November last year. Fewer than 2,000 pandas live in the wild, m 10 in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi. With the modern science, the giant pandas are believed to be well studied and protected. B Chinese space lover Wang Yuan has been c 1 as one of the volunteers for the Mars-500 test project. He was very happy to be chosen and will a 2 the challenge (挑战). A 3 five volunteers are all space lovers. They are three Russians, an Italian and a Frenchman. They will feel what it’s like to travel to Mars without l 4 the earth. The Mars-500 test will be in a special building in Moscow. T 5 the volunteers won’t leave the building, they will feel as if they are on a real trip to Mars. The most difficult thing is that they will be separated (隔离) from the people outside. For 18 months, they won’t see sunrises or s 6 . When reporters asked what they would miss most during the 500-day special life, Charles from F 7 said, “For me, it will be mainly my family, the sun and fresh air.” The main task is to study “Man and Environment”. Everyone will stay and work there alone. So they will have to make decisions by t 8 and then report to the earth, and the earth will tell them w 9 they do the right thing or not. Each astronaut is preparing for the great challenge. And people are l 10 forward to the result of the experiment. C Have you ever tried the “Magic Cube” (魔方)? Pick up one of these cubes and you probably won’t be able to p 1 it down. How hard can it be to rearrange the nine little s 2 on each side of the cube? In fact, there are m 3 of possibilities! It has been over 30 years s 4 the cube first hit the market. However, not many people know that it was used just as a simple classroom m 5 in the beginning. In 1974, Mr Erno Rubik invented the “Magic Cube” as he called it. He did this to help his students u 6 difficult 3-D concepts (概念).This classroom model was quickly t 7 into a popular toy. In1979, Idea Toys started to sell it as “Rubik’s Cube”. The invention b 5 a 1980s cultural icon quickly. Now anyone can go online and find many videos that show ways to s 9 the cube. Erik Akkersdijk of the Netherlands holds the world r 10 now. He finished in just 7.08 seconds! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 焦点09 首字母填空 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【基础题】 A Denis Rancourt is a famous physics professor and a leading scientist in his field. He has published hundreds of scientific papers (论文) and dozens of books. One day, he d 1 to change the way he had been teaching for many years. Why? It all started a few years earlier. While doing research, he found that both water and land were p 2 , and animals were disappearing. “What should I do? he asked himself, “Should I continue to focus on my own teaching and research, or should I do something to s 3 these things from happening?” As a person who cares m 4 about the environment, he started doing things differently. He began with a science course which was open to everyone. He i 5 speakers to give talks on topics such as environmental policy, poverty, medical care, war, globalization, trade. He encouraged students to think,d 6 , and take action to make the world a better place. Once, a hall was filled with more than 120 people to listen to these speeches, i 7 two l2-year-old twins . He became a controversial (有争议的) figure on campus. Some people admired him for his bravery, sense of society and for his exciting teaching m 8 . Others argued that he was damaging the reputation (名誉) of the university. In an interview, he was asked w 9 he did all of this at the risk of his own career. “As educators, we should make people realize problems. What matters most is to stop the bad things from happening, w 10 they are China or in foreign countries.” Denis is now considered a mad professor. 【答案】 1．(d)ecided 2．(p)olluted 3．(s)top 4．(m)ore 5．(i)nvited 6．(d)iscuss 7．(i)ncluding 8．(m)ethods 9．(w)hy 10．(w)hether 【难度】0.85 【知识点】公共服务、其他著名人物 【导语】本文讲述了一位著名的物理学家Denis Rancourt，几年前他做研究时发现水和土地都被污染了，动物正在消失，于是他致力于环境保护。 1．句意：一天，他决定改变他多年来的教学方式。dicided to do sth.“决定做某事”，动作发生在过去，用decided。故填(d)ecided。 2．句意：在做研究时，他发现水和土地都被污染了，动物正在消失。根据“and animals were disappearing”所以这里是被污染，被动语态结构为：be+done，应填入动词的过去分词polluted。故填(p)olluted。 3．句意：我是应该继续专注于自己的教学和研究，还是应该做些什么来阻止这些事情的发生？根据“Should I continue to focus on my own teaching and research, or should I do something”可知此处表达继续研究还是来阻止这些事情发生，stop from doing“阻止做某事”。故填(s)top。 4．句意：作为一个非常关心环境的人，丹尼斯决定开设一门对每个人都开放的科学课程。care about“关心”，根据“care…about”和首字母提示可知此处表达非常关心。故填(m)ore。 5．句意：他邀请演讲者就环境政策、贫困、医疗、战争、全球化、贸易等问题发表演讲。根据“give talks”可知此处表示演讲者发表演讲，根据首字母可知表达“他邀请演讲者”，全文时态为一般过去时，此处时态也应是一般过去时，invite的过去式为invited。故填(i)nvited。 6．句意：他鼓励学生们去思考，去讨论，并采取行动让世界变得更美好。这里结合首字母d可知，应填入与上下文think及take action一致的词，discuss“讨论”符合语境。故填(d)iscuss。 7．句意：曾经报告厅里超过120个人来听这些演讲，其中包括两个12岁的双胞胎。根据“Once, a hall was filled with more than 120 people to listen to these speeches.”以及“two l2-year-old twins”并结合首字母i可知，include“包括”符合语境，改为动名词形式作状语。故填(i)ncluding。 8．句意：有些人钦佩他的勇敢、社会意识和令人兴奋的教学方法。teaching methods“教学方法”。故填(m)ethods。 9．句意：在一次采访中，一些记者问他为什么要冒着自己职业生涯的风险做这些事情。根据“he was asked”和“As educators, we should make people realize problems”可知此处问他冒险做这些事情的原因。故填(w)hy。 10．句意：最重要的是阻止不好的事情发生，无论它们是在中国还是在外国。根据“they are China or in foreign countries”可知此处表达是否在中国还是在外国，whether“是否”，故填(w)hether。 B A little boy selling magazines walked up to an old man’s house. The old man seldom came out and n 1 said hello to neighbors. The boy knocked on the door and w 2 . Slowly, the door opened. “What do you want?” the old man said. “Uh, sir. I am selling magazines and, uh, would you like to b 3 one?”     The old man just looked at the boy, saying n 4 . The boy could see inside the house and saw that he had many dog figurines （小雕像） above the fireplace . “Do you like d 5 ?” the little boy asked. “Yes, they are my family here.”The old man was ready to close the door on the boy and said, “No, boy, I don’t need any magazines.”     The little boy felt s 6 for the old man because he was alone. Then he thought of a little dog figurine that he had. The boy returned to the old man’s house w 7 it. He knocked on the door again and the old man came right to the door. “Boy, I thought I told you no magazine.”     “No, sir, I know that, I want to g 8 you a gift.” The boy handed him the figurine and the old man’s face lit up. The old man was surprised and said, “Boy, you have a big heart. Why are you doing this?” The boy smiled at the old man and said, “B 9 you like dogs.”     From that day on, the old man started coming out and saying hello to people. He and the boy became f 10 . This simple nice gesture （举动） changed both their lives forever. 【答案】 1．(n)ever 2．(w)aited 3．(b)uy 4．(n)othing 5．(d)ogs 6．(s)ad 7．(w)ith 8．(g)ive 9．(B)ecause 10．(f)riends 【难度】0.85 【知识点】其他人 【导语】本文讲述了一个卖杂志的小男孩和一个老人家的故事。 1．句意：老人很少出门，也从不跟邻居打招呼。根据“The old man seldom came out”和首字母提示可知，从不跟邻居打招呼，never符合句意，故填(n)ever。 2．句意：男孩敲着门等候。根据“The boy knocked on the door”和首字母提示可知，男孩在门外等待，结合knocked用一般过去时，waited符合句意，故填(w)aited。 3．句意：你想买一本吗？根据“A little boy selling magazines walked up to an old man’s house.”（一个卖杂志的小男孩走到一位老人家。）可知是询问需要买一本吗，would like to do想要做某事，故填(b)uy。 4．句意：老人只是看着男孩，什么也没说。根据“The old man just looked at the boy”和首字母提示可知，老人什么都没有说，nothing什么也没有，故填(n)othing。 5．句意：你喜欢狗吗？根据前文“dog figurines”可知这里是询问喜欢狗吗，这里用复数表示类别，故填(d)ogs。 6．句意：小男孩为老人感到难过，因为他独自一人。根据“because he was alone”和首字母提示可知，老人一个人居住，小男孩为此感到难过，sad符合句意，故填(s)ad。 7．句意：男孩带着它回到了老人家。根据“The boy returned to the old man’s house”和首字母提示可知，男孩带着小狗回到老人家，with“带”，故填(w)ith。 8．句意：我想送你一份礼物。根据“you a gift”可知，男孩给老人一份礼物，give sb sth“给某人某物”，结合want to do，此处用动词原形，故填(g)ive。 9．句意：男孩微笑着看着老人说：“因为你喜欢狗。”结合前文的why这里用because，故填(B)ecause。 10．句意：他和男孩成了朋友。根据“the old man started coming out and saying hello to people”（老人开始出来向人们问好）可知，两人成为朋友，friends符合句意。故填(f)riends。 C Every school has r 1 for students to follow. However , some students may see the rules as a way which teachers control them in. Sometimes, they’re unhappy and even feel angry. Well, if you think your life is hard, you might think about the students in ancient times. For some of them, life was really hard. In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very strict and had the right to punish the students. Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished their children when their children didn’t do w 2 they were told to do. Often, the s 3 a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher. In fact, following school rules is very i 4 . For example, running in the hallway could cause a student to fall down. It may hurt him or a 5 person.F 6 the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn without difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands b 7 they speak. If someone speaks out of turn, other students might not be able to hear the teacher c 8 . School rules can help students prepare f 9 their own futures as well. When they grow up and go out on their own, they’ll soon find that they still need to follow rules. Rules m 10 the world much better. If there are no rules, life will be meaningless and in disorder. 【答案】 1．(r)ules 2．(w)hat 3．(s)tricter 4．(i)mportant 5．(a)nother 6．(F)ollowing 7．(b)efore 8．(c)learly 9．(f)or 10．(m)ake 【难度】0.85 【知识点】守则、校规 【导语】本文是议论文，说明了学校里规则的重要性。 1．句意：每所学校都有学生要遵守的规定。根据后文“some students may see the rules”可知，此处表示学校有规则，故填(r)ules。 2．句意：家长们并不介意老师在孩子不听话时惩罚他们。分析句子成分，本句是宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，表示物，应用连词what，故填(w)hat。 3．句意：通常，老师越严格，家长越认为他或她是一个好老师。根据前文的“Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished their children”可知此处指老师是否严格，应用形容词strict，结合句型“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”，表示“越……就越……”，此处形容词应用比较级，故填(s)tricter。 4．句意：事实上，遵守校规是非常重要的。根据后文“If there are no rules, life will be meaningless and in disorder.”可知此处强调规则的重要性，important表示“重要的”，符合语境，故填(i)mportant。 5．句意：这可能会伤害到他或其他人。根据后文的“person”，此处表示另一个人，应用代词another，故填(a)nother。 6．句意：遵守规则也可以帮助学生在课堂上毫无困难地学习。根据后文“can also help the students in the classroom to learn without difficulty.”可知此处说明遵守规则的好处，follow表示“遵守”，符合语境，此处用于句首，应用动名词形式，动名词短语作句子的主语，故填(F)ollowing。 7．句意：在课堂上，老师可能会要求学生在发言前举手。根据“raise their hands”和“they speak”，此处是在说话之前先举手，应用连词before，故填(b)efore。 8．句意：如果有人不按顺序说话，其他学生可能听不清老师讲的话。根据前文的“hear”，此处表示听清楚，应用副词clearly修饰动词，故填(c)learly。 9．句意：校规也可以帮助学生为自己的未来做准备。prepare for sth.表示“为……做准备”，是固定短语，故填(f)or。 10．句意：规则让世界变得更好。根据后文“the world much better”可知是规则使得世界变好，应用动词make，主语rules是复数，谓语动词make用原形，故填(m)ake。 【提升题】 A 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. In his youth (青年时期), he was s 1 to discover that many Chinese people suffered from hunger. After leaving college in 1953, Yuan spent nearly 70 years s 2 this problem. He believed deeply that “f 3 is the most important thing in the world”. He dreamed of developing more productive rice plants. However, it was easier said than done. Over 3,000 of his e 4 failed. “Failure (失败) is very common in scientific research,” he once said. “Every time I fall down, I’ll get up and t 5 again.” He travelled around China to realise his dream. He said, “I never stopped, like a bird going after the warmth of the sun.” F 6 , he succeeded in developing new kinds of rice plants. One produced 30% more rice than normal plants. Another could grow in the poor soils which cover large areas of China. But Yuan didn’t stop there. He had an even greater dream: a rice plant that would f 7 the whole world. Later, age made it more d 8 for him to work. Yuan just moved his house next to the rice fields! Yuan passed away in 2021, b 9 his dreams live on. His rice is grown around China and in about 60 other countries. His lifelong efforts have helped to feed 80 million more people a year. Yuan is r 10 as a national hero for helping build China into a modern socialist country. His example continues to encourage people to follow in his footsteps. 【答案】 1．(s)ad 2．(s)olving 3．(f)ood 4．(e)xperiments 5．(t)ry 6．(F)inally 7．(f)eed 8．(d)ifficult 9．(b)ut 10．(r)emembered 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科学家 【导语】本文主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平。 1．句意：在他青年时期，他悲伤地发现许多中国人遭受饥饿。根据“to discover that many Chinese people suffered from hunger”和所给首字母可知，发现许多中国人遭受饥饿，他应该是伤心的，“伤心的”sad，此处形容词作表语。故填(s)ad。 2．句意：1953年离开大学后，袁花了近70年的时间来解决这个问题。根据“this problem.”和所给首字母可知，应是解决问题，“解决”solve，spend+时间+doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。故填(s)olving。 3．句意：食物是世界上最重要的东西。根据“He dreamed of developing more productive rice plants.”和所给首字母可知，他认为食物是世界上最重要的东西，“食物”food，不可数名词。故填(f)ood。 4．句意：他的3000多项实验都失败了。根据“Failure (失败) is very common in scientific research”和所给首字母可知，应该是实验失败了，“实验”experiment，根据“Over 3,000”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填(e)xperiments。 5．句意：每次跌倒，我都会爬起来再试一次。根据“Every time I fall down, I’ll get up and...again”和所给首字母可知，跌倒后，会爬起来，再去尝试，“尝试”try，空格处和“get”为递进关系，故结构相同，此处应用动词原形。故填(t)ry。 6．句意：最后，他成功地培育出了新的水稻品种。根据“I never stopped, like a bird going after the warmth of the sun”和“he succeeded in developing new kinds of rice plants”以及所给首字母可知，最终，他成功了。“最终”finally。故填(F)inally。 7．句意：他还有一个更大的梦想：种植一种可以养活全世界的水稻。根据“He had an even greater dream: a rice plant that would...the whole world”和所给首字母可知，他应该是想种植出一种可以养活全世界的水稻，“喂养”feed，would后应接动词原形。故填(f)eed。 8．句意：后来，年龄使他更难工作了。根据“age made it more...for him to work”和所给首字母可知，年龄应该是让他的工作更难了，“困难的”difficult，more后接形容词原形，此处一起构成比较级。故填(d)ifficult。 9．句意：袁于2021年去世，但他的梦想仍在。空格前后句为转折关系，故应用but“但是”。故填(b)ut。 10．句意：袁被作为一位国家英雄而被人们铭记，因为他帮助建设中国成为现代社会主义国家。根据“as a national hero”和所给首字母可知，袁被作为一位国家英雄而被人们铭记，“铭记，记住”remember，此处和空前的is一起构成被动语态，故空格处应用过去分词。故填(r)emembered。 B Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese gardens are a special f 1 of traditional Chinese culture and art. At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is u 2 a huge stone or wall to screen your view. This is to give you a pressed-in feeling in order to later produce unexpected joy w 3 you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations (假山) and a big lake. The best e 4 is the Summer Palace. Rock formations play an important role in the d 5 of a Chinese-style garden. Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese-style garden. They are as i 6 to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for its Four Seasons Rockeries. Gardens in the south are mostly small in size. Chinese garden designers have used the m 7 of “borrowing scenery with a mirror” to create a sense of space. A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the o 8 scenery. A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou. A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor (走廊). The whole garden will be s 9 in the mirror wherever the visitors are. A pool or a lake in a garden also serves this purpose. A pool runs from south to north t 10 the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang. East of the rockery, a man-made moon is reflected (倒映) in the pool. Whatever methods used, every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden. 【答案】 1．(f)orm 2．(u)sually 3．(w)hen 4．(e)xample 5．(d)esign 6．(i)mportant 7．(m)ethod 8．(o)utside 9．(s)een 10．(t)hrough 【难度】0.65 【知识点】景点/建筑、中华文化 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国园林的特点。 1．句意：中国园林是中国传统文化艺术的一种特殊形式。根据“Chinese gardens are a special …of traditional Chinese culture and art.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指园林是传统文化的一种特殊表现形式，应用名词form表示“形式”。故填(f)orm。 2．句意：在中国园林的入口处，通常有一块巨大的石头或墙壁来遮挡视线。根据“At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is …a huge stone or wall to screen your view.”及首字母提示可知，此处表示园林的入口处通常有一块巨大的石头，应用副词usually表示“通常”。故填(u)sually。 3．句意：这是为了给你一种压抑的感觉，以便当你转身看到大厅里令人惊叹的岩层和大湖时产生意想不到的喜悦。根据“This is to give you a pressed-in feeling in order to later produce unexpected joy …you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations (假山) and a big lake.”及首字母提示可知，此处应用when“当……时候”引导时间状语从句。故填(w)hen。 4．句意：最好的例子就是颐和园。根据“The best …is the Summer Palace.”及首字母提示可知，此处表示颐和园就是一个例子，应用名词example表示“例子”。故填(e)xample。 5．句意：岩层在中式园林设计中起着重要作用。根据“Rock formations play an important role in the …of a Chinese-style garden.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指中式园林设计，应用名词design表示“设计”。故填(d)esign。 6．句意：它们对于中式园林的重要性就如同雕塑对于欧式园林的重要性一样。根据“They are as …to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden.”及首字母提示可知，此处为as+形容词+as结构，应用形容词important表示“重要的”。故填(i)mportant。 7．句意：中国园林设计师曾采用“以镜借景”的方法来营造空间感。根据“Chinese garden designers have used the …of ‘borrowing scenery with a mirror’ to create a sense of space.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指采用什么样的方法，应用名词method表示“方法”。故填(m)ethod。 8．句意：窗户对面挂了一面镜子，可以欣赏外面的景色。根据“A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the …scenery.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指利用镜子来反射出外面的风景，outside意为“外面的”符合语境。故填(o)utside。 9．句意：无论游客身在何处，都可以在镜子中看到整个花园。根据“The whole garden will be …in the mirror wherever the visitors are.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指整个花园都能被看到，应用被动语态，动词过去分词seen“看到”符合语境。故填(s)een。 10．句意：片石山房花园内有一座水池从南向北贯穿。根据“A pool runs from south to north …the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang.”及首字母提示可知，从南向北贯穿，介词through“穿过”符合语境。故填(t)hrough。 C 根据短文意思及所给首字母，写出一个完整正确的单词。 Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques (古玩). In the 18th and 19th c 1 , wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They k 2 their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the m 3 collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public are called galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on s 4 . Most of it is stored away or used for r 5 . Many museums are l 6 places and attract a lot of visitors. They can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine t 7 living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Center in York, b 8 looking at exhibits, people can also experience the sights, sounds and s 9 of the old town. Historical accuracy (精确) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete for people’s s 10 time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and organize special activities for children. 【答案】 1．(c)enturies 2．(k)ept 3．(m)ain 4．(s)how 5．(r)esearch 6．(l)ively 7．(t)hemselves 8．(b)esides 9．(s)mells 10．(s)pare 【难度】0.65 【知识点】景点/建筑、科普知识 【导语】本文主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源、用途以及博物馆当今的新功能。 1．句意：在18世纪和19世纪，富有的人们旅行并收集植物、历史文物和艺术品。根据“In the 18th and 19th”可知是在18世纪和19世纪，用名词复数centuries“世纪”。故填(c)enturies。 2．句意：他们在家中保管他们的收藏，直到收藏变得太大或直到他们去世，然后这些收藏被捐赠给博物馆。根据“their collection at home”可知把收藏保管在家，keep“保管”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(k)ept。 3．句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收集的80,000件物品构成了大英博物馆的主要收藏，该博物馆于1759年开放。根据“formed the...collection”可知他的藏品构成了大英博物馆的主要收藏，main“主要的”。故填(m)ain。 4．句意：通常，博物馆的收藏中只有一小部分是展出的。根据“only a small part of a museum’s collection is on”可知只有一小部分藏品是展出的，on show“展出”。故填(s)how。 5．句意：大部分被存放起来或用于研究。根据“Most of it is stored away or used for”以及常识可知大部分被存放起来或用于研究，research“研究”。故填(r)esearch。 6．句意：许多博物馆是生动的地方，吸引着大量游客。根据“places and attract a lot of visitors”可知博物馆吸引着大量的游客，是生动的地方，lively“生动的”。故填(l)ively。 7．句意：他们可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象他们自己生活在历史上的不同时期或穿越雨林。根据“living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest”可知是想象他们自己生活在历史上的不同时期或穿越雨林，用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填(t)hemselves。 8．句意：在约克的Jorvik中心，除了观看展品外，人们还可以体验旧城的景象、声音和气味。根据“looking at exhibits, people can also experience the sights, sounds and”可知是除了观看展品外，besides“除了……之外”。故填(b)esides。 9．句意：在约克的Jorvik中心，除了观看展品外，人们还可以体验旧城的景象、声音和气味。根据“looking at exhibits, people can also experience the sights, sounds and”可知可以体验旧城的景象、声音和气味，smell“气味”，用名词复数。故填(s)mells。 10．句意：博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动竞争人们的空闲时间和金钱。根据“time and money with other amusements”可知人们在空闲时间去博物馆，spare“空闲的”。故填(s)pare。 【拔高题】 A Having trouble telling one panda from another? A facial recognition app (面部识别程序) will make it easy for you. The app is d 1 by China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas. The image analysis (图像分析) research began in 2017 and up to now the research center has c 2 about 120,000 images and 10,000 video clips of giant pandas. Close to 10,000 panda pictures have been studied and marked. Using these pictures and facial information, researchers are a 3 to carry out automatic (自动的) facial recognition to tell the d 4 between pandas, the center said. Panda researchers hope AI t 5 will also help them study more about pandas in both reserves and the wild. “The app will help us g 3 more precise information on the population, distribution, ages, gender ratio, deaths of wild pandas, who live in deep mountains and are h 7 to find and mark,” said a researcher. “It will c 8 help us improve efficiency (效率) in protecting animals,” Chen said. China has carried out four scientific field research project of giant pandas in the wild. The giant panda was discovered 150 years ago and named in the city of Ya’an, Sichuan. It r 9 one of the world’s most endangered species (濒危物种). The number of pandas kept by humans was 548 globally as of November last year. Fewer than 2,000 pandas live in the wild, m 10 in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi. With the modern science, the giant pandas are believed to be well studied and protected. 【答案】 1．(d)eveloped/(d)esigned 2．(c)ollected 3．(a)ble 4．(d)ifferences 5．(t)echnology 6．(g)ather 7．(h)ard 8．(c)ertainly 9．(r)emains 10．(m)ostly/(m)ainly 【难度】0.4 【知识点】濒危生物、科学技术、发明与创造 【导语】本文主要介绍了一款运用自动面部识别技术的应用程序，它有助于大熊猫的保护。 1．句意：这款应用由中国大熊猫保护研究中心开发/设计。根据“The app is ... by China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas.”和首字母可知，这款应用应是由中国大熊猫保护研究中心开发或设计的，且由“by”可知是被动语态，is后加过去分词。develop“开发”，过去分词是developed；design“设计”，过去分词是designed。故填(d)eveloped/(d)esigned。 2．句意：图像分析研究始于2017年，到目前为止，研究中心已经收集了大约12万张大熊猫的图像和1万段视频片段。根据“up to now the research center has ... about 120,000 images and 10,000 video clips of giant pandas”和首字母可知，研究中心应是收集图像和视频，且由“up to now”可知是现在完成时，has后加动词过去分词。collect“收集”，过去分词是collected。故填(c)ollected。 3．句意：该中心表示，利用这些图片和面部信息，研究人员能够进行自动面部识别，以区分大熊猫之间的差异。根据“Using these pictures and facial information, researchers are ... to carry out automatic (自动的) facial recognition to tell the ... between pandas”和首字母可知，利用图片和面部信息，研究人员能够进行自动面部识别，be able to do“能够做某事”，固定短语。故填(a)ble。 4．句意：该中心表示，利用这些图片和面部信息，研究人员能够进行自动面部识别，以区分大熊猫之间的差异。根据“carry out automatic (自动的) facial recognition to tell the ... between pandas”和首字母可知，自动面部识别的目的是区分大熊猫之间的差异，difference“差别”，可数名词，用复数表示泛指。故填(d)ifferences。 5．句意：熊猫研究人员希望人工智能技术也能帮助他们更多地了解保护区和野生大熊猫。根据“AI ... will also help them study more about pandas”和首字母可知，人工智能技术有助于他们的研究。technology“技术”，不可数名词。故填(t)echnology。 6．句意：这款应用程序将帮助我们收集有关野生大熊猫的数量、分布、年龄、性别比例、死亡等更精确的信息。根据“The app will help us ... more precise information”和首字母可知，这款应用程序有助于收集大熊猫的信息。gather“收集”，will后加动词原形，构成一般将来时。故填(g)ather。 7．句意：这些野生大熊猫生活在深山中，很难找到和标记。根据“who live in deep mountains”和首字母可知，大熊猫生活在深山中，所以很难找到和标记它们，hard“困难的”，形容词作表语。故填(h)ard。 8．句意：这肯定会帮助我们提高保护动物的效率。根据上文可知，这款应用程序有助于收集大熊猫的信息，能标记到生活在深山的大熊猫。所以推知应是肯定提高保护大熊猫的效率。certainly“无疑、确定”，副词修饰动词help。故填(c)ertainly。 9．句意：它仍然是世界上最濒危的物种之一。根据“IThe number of pandas kept by humans was 548 globally as of November last year. Fewer than 2,000 pandas live in the wild”和首字母可知，大熊猫至今仍然是世界上最濒危的物种之一，且该句是一般现在时，主语是三单，动词用三单形式。remain“仍然是、保持不变”，三单形式是remains。故填(r)emains。 10．句意：目前只有不到2000只野生大熊猫，大部分生活在四川和陕西。根据“Fewer than 2,000 pandas live in the wild, ... in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi.”和首字母可知，大部分的大熊猫生活在四川和陕西，且此处是副词修饰整个句子。mostly/mainly“大部分”，副词。故填mostly/mainly。 B Chinese space lover Wang Yuan has been c 1 as one of the volunteers for the Mars-500 test project. He was very happy to be chosen and will a 2 the challenge (挑战). A 3 five volunteers are all space lovers. They are three Russians, an Italian and a Frenchman. They will feel what it’s like to travel to Mars without l 4 the earth. The Mars-500 test will be in a special building in Moscow. T 5 the volunteers won’t leave the building, they will feel as if they are on a real trip to Mars. The most difficult thing is that they will be separated (隔离) from the people outside. For 18 months, they won’t see sunrises or s 6 . When reporters asked what they would miss most during the 500-day special life, Charles from F 7 said, “For me, it will be mainly my family, the sun and fresh air.” The main task is to study “Man and Environment”. Everyone will stay and work there alone. So they will have to make decisions by t 8 and then report to the earth, and the earth will tell them w 9 they do the right thing or not. Each astronaut is preparing for the great challenge. And people are l 10 forward to the result of the experiment. 【答案】 1．(c)hosen 2．(a)ccept 3．(A)nother 4．(l)eaving 5．(T)hough 6．(s)unsets 7．(F)rance 8．(t)hemselves 9．(w)hether 10．(l)ooking 【难度】0.4 【知识点】航天与航空 【导语】本文主要介绍了火星500测试计划。其主要内容就是志愿者将在一座与外面隔绝的大楼里面独自工作和生活十八个月，并将这些数据返回给地球，为人类登陆火星的计划提供研究数据。 1．句意：中国航天爱好者王源被选为火星500测试项目的志愿者之一。根据“He was very happy to be chosen”可知他被选为志愿者，choose“选择”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(c)hosen。 2．句意：他很高兴被选中，并将接受挑战。根据“He was very happy to be chosen and will...the challenge”可知他会接受挑战，accept“接受”，will后加动词原形。故填(a)ccept。 3．句意：另外五名志愿者都是太空爱好者。根据“five volunteers are all space lovers”可知是另外五名志愿者，another“另外的”。故填(A)nother。 4．句意：他们在不离开地球的情况下感受到去火星旅行的感觉。根据“They will feel what it’s like to travel to Mars without...the earth”可知是不离开地球，leave“离开”，介词without后加动名词。故填(l)eaving。 5．句意：尽管志愿者们不会离开这座建筑，但他们会觉得自己好像在进行一次真正的火星之旅。前后两句是让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句。故填(T)hough。 6．句意：在18个月内，他们看不到日出和日落。根据“won’t see sunrises or”可知是看不到日出和日落，sunset“日落”，用名词复数。故填(s)unsets。 7．句意：来自法国的查尔斯说：“对我来说，主要是我的家人、阳光和新鲜空气。”根据“They are three Russians, an Italian and a Frenchman.”以及首字母可知他来自法国，France“法国”。故填(F)rance。 8．句意：所以他们必须自己做决定，然后向地球报告，地球会告诉他们做的事情是否正确。根据“stay and work there alone”可知他们要单独工作，所以是自己做决定，by oneself“独自”，此处用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填(t)hemselves。 9．句意：所以他们必须自己做决定，然后向地球报告，地球会告诉他们做的事情是否正确。此处是whether...or not“是否”。故填(w)hether。 10．句意：人们期待着实验的结果。look forward to“期待”，此处用现在分词和be动词构成现在进行时。故填(l)ooking。 C Have you ever tried the “Magic Cube” (魔方)? Pick up one of these cubes and you probably won’t be able to p 1 it down. How hard can it be to rearrange the nine little s 2 on each side of the cube? In fact, there are m 3 of possibilities! It has been over 30 years s 4 the cube first hit the market. However, not many people know that it was used just as a simple classroom m 5 in the beginning. In 1974, Mr Erno Rubik invented the “Magic Cube” as he called it. He did this to help his students u 6 difficult 3-D concepts (概念).This classroom model was quickly t 7 into a popular toy. In1979, Idea Toys started to sell it as “Rubik’s Cube”. The invention b 5 a 1980s cultural icon quickly. Now anyone can go online and find many videos that show ways to s 9 the cube. Erik Akkersdijk of the Netherlands holds the world r 10 now. He finished in just 7.08 seconds! 【答案】 1．(p)ut 2．(s)quares 3．(m)illions 4．(s)ince 5．(m)odel 6．(u)nderstand 7．(t)urned 8．(b)ecame 9．(s)olve 10．(r)ecord 【难度】0.4 【知识点】发明与创造、科普知识 【导语】这篇短文主要讲述了魔方很神奇，至今仍是一种流行的有难度的游戏，本文介绍了它的起源与发展的情况。 1．句意：拿起一个这样的立方体，你可能会爱不释手。根据“you probably won’t be able to ... it down.”可知，此处表示"爱不释手”，即不想放下，put down“放下”符合题意。 be able to do“能够做”，后接动词原形。故填（p)ut。 2．句意：重新排列立方体每一面的9个小方块能有多难？根据常识及首字母s可知，魔方每一面分割成九个小方块，square意为“方形”，数词nine后跟名词复数，故填(s)quares。 3．句意：事实上，有几百万种可能性！根据“... of possiblities”及首字母m可知，此处缺少数词表示概数，表示数量之多。millions of 表示“上百万”，故填(m)illions。 4．句意：魔方体上市已经超过30年了。根据“It has been over 30 years”及首字母s可知，此处应用since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，故填(s)ince。 5． 句意：然而，很少有人知道它最初只是作为一个简单的课堂模型使用的。根据上下文及“a simple classroom ...”可知，魔方最初用做简单课堂模型，model意为“模型”，不定冠词a后跟单数名词，故填(m)odel。 6．句意：他这样做是为了帮助他的学生理解难的3D概念。根据“help his students...difficult 3-D concepts (概念)”及首字母提示可知，这里指帮助他的学生理解难的3D概念，understand意为“理解”，help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，故填(u)nderstand。 7．句意：这间课堂模型很快变成了一个受欢迎的玩具。 根据“This classroom model was quickly...into a popular toy”及首字母t可知，这里指变成了一个受欢迎的玩具，be turned into sth. 表示“变成”，故填(t)urned。 8．句意：这项发明在20世纪80年代迅速成为一种文化标志。根据“The invention...a 1980s cultural icon”及首字母b可知，这里指成为一种文化标志，become 表示“变成”，此句时态为一般过去时，become过去式became。故填(b)ecame。 9．句意：现在任何人都可以在网上找到很多视频显示破解魔方的方法。 根据“show ways to...the cube”及首字母s可知，此处表示“解决”魔方的方法，solve意为“解决”，动词不定式符号to后跟动词原形，故填(s)olve。 10．句意：荷兰的埃里克现在拥有世界的记录。hold the world record 表示“保持世界记录”，故填(r)ecord。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$