04 Unit 1 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇)-2024-2025学年高一英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 1 Nature in the balance (译林版2020必修第三册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) Ⅰ阅读理解 Passage 1 （2025学年高一上·江苏徐州·期末）In Camp Tuhsmeheta (short for touch, smell, hear and taste), Jerusalem Crawley, a blind boy, met Donna Posont in her class about birding. “I was immediately attracted and wanted to learn more.” said Crawley. Posont, who is blind, introduced Crawley and other blind summer campers to the sounds of different birds. “Blindness doesn’t need to limit anyone — you can learn about nature and identify trees, plants and birds using the other senses,” said Posont, 67, who has started to watch birds monthly since 2009, with the goal of teaching blind people to explore nature independently. Posont grew up in a small town and she dreamed of studying biology in college. However, she couldn’t find a school with the proper equipment to teach a blind person. Instead, she earned a degree in social work, but still hoped to study biology. Luckily years later computers and high technology equipped schools to accept blind students. So in 2008, Posont returned to college and studied the subjects she’d missed in her younger years. She graduated from the University of Michigan in 2015 with a degree in environmental studies and a minor (辅修) in biology. During summer breaks at the University of Michigan, she started passing along what she’d learned about birds and plants through touch, sound and smell to children at Camp Tuhsmeheta. “You miss a lot in a sighted world if you learn by depending on healthy people.” said Posont. With bird populations dropping at an alarming rate due to habitat loss, pollution and climate change, Posont said it’s more important than ever to hand down what she’s learned. “You can use your other senses to learn why birds and nature are important and how they all work together,” she said. “The world is designed for sighted people, but nature is a place where it’s okay to be blind. To me, that’s the beauty of it.” 1．Why did Posont teach in the camp? A．To promote bird watching. B．To help the blind explore nature. C．To attract more people to the camp. D．To inspire children to be dependent. 2．What did Posont want to learn most? A．Social work. B．Environment. C．Biology. D．Education. 3．Which of the following can best describe Posont? A．Strict and adventurous. B．Attractive and patient. C．Curious and thoughtful. D．Determined and helpful. 4．What does the underlined word “it” in the last sentence refer to? A．The world. B．Nature. C．Being blind. D．Birding. Passage 2 A program of Abu Dhabi’s environment agency is rescuing sea turtles and returning them to the Persian Gulf (波斯湾). Members of the program have released (释放) a total of about 500 sea turtles that were rescued. The environment agency launched the program three years ago to help turtles struggling to survive. The latest release took place in early June. Members of the agency’s Wildlife Rescue Program brought about 80 turtles to the water and released them. Scientists placed satellite equipment (卫星设备) on the turtles to better understand where they go. The information will inform scientists about the success of rehabilitation (恢复)methods. Turtles have historically been hunted for their meat and eggs. Their shells have been used in jewelry. But other causes have decreased the numbers of all seven species of sea turtles. Hind Al-Ameri is a scientist at the Environment Agency Abu Dhabi. She said that problems like plastic pollution, ship strikes, and fishing equipment are harming sea turtles. She added that coastal development reduces the amount of space the turtles have to lay eggs and warming oceans can harm coral reefs, which turtles need to survive. Besides, changing ocean currents(洋流) can bring turtles closer to animals that hunt them and rising sea levels might harm coastal areas where the turtles lay their eggs. The sex of baby turtles is influenced by the temperature at which the eggs develop. Warmer temperatures produce higher numbers of female turtles. Al-Ameri said conditions in the United Arab Emirates have become so warm that male population numbers should be greatly reduced. However, she said the turtle groups are healthy and reproducing. “It’s driving us to understand why our species are adapting to the changes” she said. 5．How did scientists track the turtles? A．By locating them with special tools. B．By swimming after them in person. C．By studying data collected before. D．By doing various experiments in labs. 6．What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Ways to hunt sea turtles. B．Experiments led by a scientist. C．Places where sea turtles lay eggs. D．Reasons for the decrease of sea turtles. 7．What determines the populations of male turtles? A．The rising sea level. B．The number of female turtles. C．The warmer temperatures. D．The changing ocean currents. 8．What’s Al-Ameri’s attitude towards the program of Abu Dhabi? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Uninterested D．Doubtful. Passage 3 A badly-injured fox spent two weeks recovering in a garden tent after attaching itself to a family in Glasgow, Scotland. Liz Wink said the fox followed her home before they noticed a bad wound on its side. “My son Andrew came running in and said ‘there’s a fox following me’,” Wink said. “We opened the door and it was just standing there.” “I have three dogs and they were barking (吠叫) but it was still trying to come in — its nose was going through the letterbox. We noticed the wound. We put food in the back garden and it made the back garden its home. There was also a chair in the back.” The fox was fed food including cooked chicken. “We also bought a tent, with an old quilt cover in it.” Wink said antibiotics (抗生素) were given after contacting a vet, and the fox finally left their garden with the wound healed after a fortnight. “It was here day and night,” Wink said. “My daughter Lucy is good with animals and would pat it. It was so quiet.” “Clearly, when foxes are injured they take a thing called a rescue nap (抢救性小睡) and I think that’s what it has done with us,” Wink said. “They nap for however long it takes, and it completely healed. Then it was up and away and we never saw that fox again. We still have foxes but that one was so friendly, the other ones do run away. Maybe it will come back with babies one day.” Although it’s great that the fox appeared to make a full recovery, we wouldn’t advise members of the public to attempt to treat sick or injured wild animals themselves. If people find a wounded wild animal in trouble, they should call animal helpline. 9．Why did the fox follow the son Andrew to his home? A．To make friends with Andrew. B．To feed its babies. C．To turned to the family for help. D．To cure its injured back. 10．What did the fox do for its own recovery? A．It rested for as long as it would take. B．It went for a vet to have a check-up. C．It killed animals nearby for food. D．It went into forests to heal itself. 11．What does the author suggest people do to help injured wild animals? A．Treat them under the guidance of vets. B．Search the wild and look for more of them. C．Contact animal experts for advice and information. D．Learn more about them and offer proper treatment. 12．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Garden Tent and a Kind Fox B．An Injured Fox and a Kind Family C．A Badly-injured Fox and Its Travel D．A Family Travel and an Injured Fox Passage 4 （2025学年高一上·湖南长沙·期末）Edward O. Wilson, known as “the ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his PhD from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson's early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: How ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bent Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects' social structure that was both valued by entomologists(昆虫学者) and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic and evolutionary roots of animal behaviour and argued that genes shaped human behaviour. Wilson faced accusations(谴责) for these ideas but finally his work largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world. These accomplishments offered him a type of academic superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “One of the qualities I really admired about Professor Wilson was his ability to really listen to and engage with whomever he was interacting with, ” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson's final advisees. 13．What contributed to Wilson's passion for ants? A．His accidental disability. B．The discovery he made about ants. C．The school education he received. D．His boyhood spent in nature. 14．What is the book On Human Nature about? A．The social structure of ants. B．The distribution of different species. C．The links between biology and human culture. D．The role of chemical signals in communication. 15．According to Wilson's friends and colleagues, which word can best describe him? A．Warm-hearted B．Modest. C．Independent. D．Honest. 16．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote Wilson's most popular books. B．To explain the social behavior of ants in detail. C．To highlight the challenges Wilson faced in his personal life. D．To introduce the life and key achievements of Wilson Passage 5 （2025学年高一上·江苏无锡·期末）Your legs may help you get around, but what if they could also help you smell out a snack? That’s a trick achieved by a very strange fish called the sea robin. The fish, which lives on the seafloor, has an unusual appearance, with wing-like fins and leg-like things that it uses not only to move around quickly but also for “tasting” the sea floor to find prey (猎物) hidden in the sand, researchers have found. Sea robins are known to use six leg-like structures to walk across the sea floor and even turn over shellfish in a hunt for prey. Researchers have long questioned if their legs could also help the fish to discover food in others ways. A series of researches have been carried out, and scientists in the Marine Biological Laboratory have released two studies uncovering the genes that result in the sea robins’ legs and also how such legs are used. Writing in the journal Current Biology, the team report how they placed individual sea robins into tanks containing water and sand. Hidden in the sand were either shellfish, capsules containing shellfish extract, or capsules containing seawater. The team found that a kind of sea robins regularly turned up all of the prey-related items but not the seawater capsules. Further work made it clear that nerves (神经) in the legs of these fish fired when the legs sensed various food-related materials, while the sea robins could find the hidden capsules containing such materials. The team discovered that the ability of the fish to find prey decreased with the depth at which the prey was hidden, as would be expected if the sea robins were using their legs to sense something released by the prey. In addition, the researchers found that the legs of these sea robins were covered in small bumps similar to those seen on a human tongue, and the bumps could taste things. The researchers suggest that the bumps could increase both touch and sensitivity. 17．What do we know about sea robins in paragraph 1? A．They are ugly-looking sea life. B．They are good at playing tricks. C．They hunt for food using legs. D．They live on the surface of the sea. 18．Why did the scientists in the Marine Biological Laboratory do the two studies? A．To offer a suggestion. B．To clear up doubts. C．To give a reason. D．To introduce an idea. 19．How did the scientists carry out the study? A．By examining the nerves in sea robins’ legs. B．By observing different items hidden in the sand. C．By putting individual sea robins into different tanks. D．By comparing sea robins’ responses to different items. 20．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Bumps make sea robins more sensitive to the prey. B．Bumps enable sea robins to touch prey far away. C．Sea robins have the same bumps as a human tongue does. D．Sea robins can explore prey in the deep ocean easily. 21．What’s the best title for the text? A．Strange Fish, Unusual Appearance Shown B．Amazing Fish, Unique Trick Ahead C．Crazy Fish, Special Movement Unlocked D．Mysterious Fish, Hunting Secrets Out Passage 6 （2025学年高一上·江苏淮安·期末）Dogs are born with the ability of self-representation, according to a study published in 2019 in Animal Cognition. The tested dogs in the lab slowed down and hesitated before walking through uncomfortably small openings, showing that they rely on awareness of their body size to make decisions. What about cats? Cats may seem solid (固体), but to some degree they’re actually liquid (液体) —at least according to one 2017 theoretical physics paper inspired by videos of cats squeezing (挤过) under doors, into small vases and down narrow gaps. Now, one researcher has taken this idea a step further, testing a group of cats to see when they act more like liquids or solids. But cats are difficult to test in the lab. With help from his co-workers, Pongrácz built a special lab that they set up in the homes of 29 cat owners. In each home, the team attached two large, cardboard panels (嵌板) to a doorframe (门框): one with five holes of the same height but reducing width and another with five holes of the same width but reducing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. The cat had to squeeze from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed. Thirty out of 38 cats finished the experiment. When faced with holes of different height, 22 cats hesitated to move through the shortest. When the holes different in width, only eight cats hesitated before approaching the narrowest hole. Most cats tried to squeeze through slim openings immediately without thinking of whether they fit or not. In nature, this hesitation in the experiment to move through short holes may be a self-protection approach, Pongrácz says. If a cat squeezes through a hole without being able to see what’s on the other side, they may be making themselves easy to hurt potentially. The fact that they still hesitate in the safety of their homes suggests that the cats also rely on their body size to plan their approach. 22．Why does the author mention the experiment on dogs in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To compare dogs with cats. C．To present the findings of a study. D．To attract attention to dog’s behaviors. 23．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Steps of the experiment. B．Subjects of the experiment. C．Results of the experiment. D．Purposes of the experiment. 24．What do cats tend to consider when squeezing through a hole? A．Area of a hole. B．Width of a hole. C．Height of a hole. D．Shape of a hole. 25．What does cats’ hesitation imply in the experiment? A．They are solid instead of liquid. B．They are trying to see the other side. C．They are deciding a self-protection way. D．They are waiting for their owners’ orders. Passage 7 （2025学年高一上·广东汕头·期末）As we know, search and rescue teams often play an important role in rescue work. Usually, the teams are accompanied by man’s best friend. A dog’s greater sense of smell can be important to finding survivors buried under fallen buildings. But now a new animal is being trained to assist search and rescue teams after an earthquake hits, and it’s the rat (老鼠). These rescue rats are being trained by Dr. Donna Kean, a researcher from Glasgow, Scotland who has been working with rats for years. Kean explained why she and her colleagues at the nonprofit APOPO train rats instead of dogs. “The rats have a comparable sense of smell, and they’re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.” At the moment, the rats are wearing backpacks that contain microphones, video equipment and location trackers, and then scientists are sending these rats into mock debris (模拟的废墟). Rats would be able to get into small spaces to get to victims buried in the ruins. “We have not been in a real situation yet; we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We may speak to victims through the rat.” Researchers train them on a basic series of behaviour. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually increase the difficulty in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like a real ruined building site. The training just started and researchers still have to run more training outside the research environment. They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for field experiments. 26．What advantage do rats have over dogs in the rescue work? A．They are easier to train. B．They are more suitable with a smaller size. C．They have a better sense of smell. D．They adapt to new environments more quickly. 27．What usage is expected of the backpacks? A．To guide rats to find survivors. B．To protect rats from being injured. C．To help rescuers communicate with victims. D．To provide some food for trapped people. 28．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The process of training the rats. B．The difficulty of conducting experiments. C．The rats’ behaviour in real collapsed sites. D．The importance of the research environment. 29．What do scientists plan to do next? A．Train rats for rescue work in more countries. B．Develop the technology to assist GEA． C．Conduct further study on disaster warning. D．Send rats to Turkey for tests in real situations. Passage 8 （2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Pets may seem like something of a luxury (奢侈品). In return for a lifetime of food and love, they don’t seem to offer practical value. When was the last time you saw a pet dog helping a farmer in a field or taking groceries off the car? So what do pets really give us? Well, that depends on who you ask. It turns out, some people may like animals by nature-likely because animals first tricked their way into our ancestors’ (祖先) lives by offering a very real service. Somewhere between 15,000 and 5,000 years ago, humans started domesticating (驯化) animals. Separating them from wild animals was necessary, or it would have slowed down the domestication. So, to make sure the wild stayed wild and the domestic stayed domestic, a few fortunate animals were allowed to live indoors and more closely alongside humans. Eventually those protected animals did what animals do. They formed a close relationship with people. People with an understanding of animals and animal keeping developed more quickly than those without, who had to continue to depend on hunting to get meat. The very same genes (基因) that spread among those early farmers make some people more likely to keep their first cat or dog today. Early farmers valued a real service provided by animals, like guarding crops, farming and providing food. Over time, this valuing have become an appreciation for animals in general. Maybe that’s why efforts to create robotic dogs have not become popular yet. A robotic dog may walk like a dog and bark like a dog and even look like a dog. But our genes tell us it isn’t a dog. Will we be able to appreciate and connect with this creature the way our ancestors did with real animals? It’s hard to imagine the robotic dog being able to learn that very old trick. 30．What helped animals domestication? A．Keeping wild and domestic animals apart. B．Forming a close connection with animals. C．Making sure the wild stayed domestic. D．Allowing more animals to live indoors. 31．What happened to the animal-keeping people later? A．They created robotic dogs. B．They depended on hunting. C．They lived a better life. D．They quit keeping animals. 32．Why are robotic dogs unpopular? A．They are unable to play tricks. B．They fail to connect with humans. C．They do not bark like real dogs. D．They are unfriendly to humans. 33．Where do people’s love for pets come from? A．Their birthplaces. B．Their work. C．Their education. D．Their genes. Passage 9 （2025学年高一上·河北·期末）Puppies are able to request help at just 6 weeks old by repeatedly alternating their gaze (交替注视) between a nearby human and the situation they are struggling with. That is even younger than when babies start communicating that way, when adjusting for differences in how the two species mature, says Stefanie Riemer at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria. Babies generally start meaningfully alternating their gaze at between 8 and 10 months old. In 2021, scientists found that puppies can make eye contact with people and respond to their communication efforts. However, it was unclear whether they could start such communication themselves. Dogs raised in kennels (犬舍) generally only start communicating with humans via their gaze on purpose as young adults. But puppies brought up in someone’s home interact much more with people, which might speed up their communication, says Riemer. To learn more, Riemer and her workmates studied 83 puppies, aged 41 to 52 days, of eight different breeds (品种) that were raised by 11 breeders in their homes. While the breeders were present, Riemer — with whom the puppies were familiar — took each dog into an unknown room of its home. She then presented each puppy with an unsolvable task or a colorful, battery-operated toy looking like a paper bag, which she thought the puppies would be scared of. For the task, the puppies first learned that food was under an overturned plastic cup, but it was later stuck down and couldn’t be knocked over. The researchers recorded if the puppies looked between either the toy or the stuck cup and a person’s face within 2 seconds. They found that 69 percent of them alternated their gaze with the toy and 46 percent did so with the stuck cup. The findings suggest that puppies often try to communicate with people when they have benefited from repeated and early positive interactions (互动) with humans earlier, says Kristy Gould at Luther College in Iowa. 34．At what age are puppies able to request help by alternating their gaze? A．Less than 6 weeks old. B．At least 6 weeks old. C．8 to 10 months old. D．As young adults. 35．What was unclear about the research into puppies in 2021? A．Whether puppies could understand human language. B．Whether puppies could make eye contact with people. C．Whether puppies could start communication on their own. D．Whether puppies respond to human communication efforts. 36．Why do kennel-raised puppies communicate with humans later than home-raised ones? A．They don’t interact with humans much. B．They are a totally different breed. C．They are not as intelligent. D．They are not as curious. 37．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To promote responsible pet ownership. B．To compare puppy and baby development. C．To describe a specific puppy training method. D．To present puppies’ early communication skills. Passage 10 （2025学年高一上·广东茂名·阶段练习）Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world — Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey — rats will soon be man’s new best friends. What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs, why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat . How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. when this happens, the rat’ brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’ s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person. Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell university, New York, says,“ Robots, noses don’ t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity! The “rat project ” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’ t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course). 38．Why will rats become popular in the world earthquake capitals? A．They can get into small spaces. B．They can take the place of man’s rescue jobs. C．They can find food for survivors trapped in buildings. D．They can get the place of survivors trapped in buildings. 39．How can rescuers judge a person who is alive? A．By the noise made by the rat. B．By the rat’s unusual behaviour. C．By the signal sent by the radio on the rat. D．By the smell given off by the person trapped. 40．What do we know from the text? A．People are happy to see a rat in a building. B．The “rat project” has been completed already. C．People still use dogs and robots in rescue work. D．Rats have replaced dogs in searching for people. 41．What is the best title for the text? A．Rules in the Earthquake B．The Role Rats will play in the Earthquake C．Ways of Rescuing people D．The Reason for not using Dogs Passage 11 （2025学年高一上·江苏盐城·期末）Cooler, higher places may not be very welcoming to some hummingbirds (蜂鸟) trying to escape rising temperatures and other effects of climate change. Anna’s hummingbirds live no higher than about 2,600 meters above sea level. If the birds attempt to expand (扩大) their range to include higher altitudes (海拔), they may struggle to fly well in the thinner air, researchers reported in the Journal of Experimental Biology. These hummingbirds have expanded their range in the past. Once only found in Southern California, the birds now live as far north as Vancouver, says Austin Spence, an ecologist at the University of California, Davis. That expansion is probably due to climate change and people using feeders to attract hummingbirds, he says. Spence and colleagues collected 26 Anna’s hummingbirds from different altitudes in the bird’s natural range in California. The team transported the birds to a place about 1,200 meters above sea level and measured their metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate when hovering (盘旋). After relocating the hummingbirds to a field station at an altitude of 3,800 meters, the researchers let the birds rest for at least 12 hours and then measured that rate again. The rate was 37 percent lower, on average, at the higher altitudes, even though the birds should have been working harder to fly in the thinner air. At higher altitudes, hovering, which takes a lot of energy compared with other forms of flight, is more challenging and requires even more energy, Spence says. The decrease in metabolic rate shows that the birds’ hovering performance was suffering, he says “Low oxygen and low air pressure may be holding them back as they try to move upward.” Additional work is needed to see whether the birds might be able to better adjust (适应) if given weeks or months to adapt to the conditions at gradually higher altitudes. 42．What factor may have contributed to the expansion of Anna’s Hummingbirds’ range? A．Human use of feeders. B．A lack of food sources. C．A decrease in temperature. D．A shift in migration patterns. 43．How did scientists study the effects of high altitude on hummingbirds? A．By monitoring their feeding behaviors. B．By comparing their different forms of flight. C．By measuring their metabolic rate while hovering. D．By observing their adaptability to a new environment. 44．Which best describes Anna’s hummingbirds’ hovering performance at higher altitudes? A．Energetic. B．Recovered. C．Unaffected. D．Weakened. 45．What further research might be conducted about Anna’s hummingbirds? A．Studying the changes in their hunting methods. B．Recording their numbers over an extended period. C．Examining their ability to get used to higher altitudes. D．Investigating the impact of other bird species on their range. Passage 12 （2025学年高一上·湖南衡阳·期末）Scientists on a National Geographic research trip to the Solomon Islands have discovered the world’s largest coral (珊瑚). The single coral colony (群), made up of around one billion tiny animals, is so large that it can be seen from space. Though underwater corals may look like rocks, they are actually made out of millions of tiny animals called coral polyps (珊瑚虫). Together, the polyps form a colony. A coral reef (礁) is normally built out of lots of colonies of different kinds. But in this case, scientists discovered a giant structure built entirely out of one species of coral. All of the coral polyps in this colony are the same kind. And the researchers believe this colony includes about one billion coral polyps. The coral colony is 34 meters wide and 32 meters long, and about 5.5 meters high. It is believed to be between 300 and 500 years old. The coral colony is mostly brown, but it also has yellow, blue, and red spots. The coral colony is home to many kinds of sea life, including shrimp, crabs, and different kinds of fish. The newly discovered coral colony sits in water that’s around 10 meters deep, and seems to be doing well — even when many other corals aren’t. In recent years, coral reefs around the world have been damaged by rising ocean temperatures caused by global warming. This is often called coral bleaching because huge areas of corals can turn white as they die. As of 2023, around 75% of the world’s coral reefs have been affected by coral bleaching. Since this giant coral colony is doing well, that may mean that it can survive in warmer temperatures. Clearly, it had to be strong to remain alive for hundreds of years. As one scientist said, “Anything old is really good at surviving.” That could be good news: It might mean that the colony will be able to produce new corals that can survive in warmer waters. 46．What is special about the newly discovered coral colony? A．It is found around the islands. B．It has many sea animals on it. C．It is made up of the same kind of coral. D．It includes colonies of various types of coral. 47．What is paragraph 3 mainly about the newly discovered coral colony? A．Its basic facts. B．Its poor situation. C．Its history of growth. D．Its living environment. 48．Which word can best describe the situation of the corals in the ocean now? A．Uncertain. B．Pleasing. C．Lively. D．Worrying. 49．Why is this new discovery important? A．It gives us hope for the survival of coral. B．It proves to be a totally new type of coral. C．It shows ancient animals are good at surviving. D．It helps us find ways to control ocean warming. Passage 13 （2025学年高一上·湖南长沙·期末）Images of an adult wild giant panda were recorded in an artificially (人工地) built birthing den (巢穴) for the very first time in Deyang City, southwest China’s Sichuan Province, marking a new breakthrough in the conservation (保护) of small panda populations. “The den is located on a gentle slope 1,700 meters above sea level, surrounded by thick bamboo forests with plenty of food,” said Lin Lihong, deputy head of the Mianzhu management station of the Giant Panda National Park. Experts from the Deyang Management Bureau of the park explained that while the overall situation for giant panda conservation is positive, one of the current challenges is that wild giant pandas are divided into several populations that have difficulty interacting with each other, leading to a lack of genetic (基因的) exchange and the risk of the number of small populations dropping. In suitable locations within the park, the local researchers have constructed dens using tree trunks, bamboo branches and moss, placed infrared (红外线的) monitoring cameras inside, covered them with soil to hide human smells, and dug small ponds for pandas to easily access water. The ten artificial dens are spread in areas ranging from 1,700 meters to 3,000 meters above sea level, with the most dangerous ones requiring moving downwards via a zip line from another mountain. Collecting data from all dens requires a seven-day tiring walk. Recent data collected shows that in June of this year, a wild giant panda came to “inspect” one of the dens. “From the monitoring results, there has been no negative reaction from the giant panda to the artificial den. Whether it will further choose this place to reproduce and give birth will require continuous monitoring and assessment of the panda’s use of the artificial den,” said Zhao Weihong, deputy director of the park’s Deyang management bureau. 50．What challenge does Paragraph 3 mention? A．Pandas have no enough food to eat. B．Technology aren’t the most updated. C．Pandas don’t have enough places to live. D．The interactions between panda groups are limited. 51．What can be learnt about the man-made constructed dens? A．Human smells can’t be sensed. B．They are above the same sea level. C．Recording equipment is placed outside. D．They are made with bamboo branches only. 52．What does the underlined word “inspect” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Locate. B．Examine. C．Admire. D．Monitor. 53．What best describes the dens’ data-collecting work? A．Relaxing. B．Boring. C．Challenging. D．Convenient. Passage 14 （2025学年高一上·广东中山·阶段练习）Tom Fear was driving home on Hutchinson River Parkway last week when he thought he saw a large bag in the roadway. As he got closer; he realized it was not a bag but a bald eagle. He stopped his car at the roadside, and carefully walked into the roadway to hold up the bird with his hands. “It didn’t resist (反抗) at all. I had my arms crossed. Its head was more or less lying on my arm. It was not in great shape.” Two women pulled over after seeing the 52-year-old with the bird and called the police, who contacted animal control expert Jim Horton from QualityPro Pest & Wildlife Services. He said it’s the second time in the last few months that his company has been contacted to help an eagle in trouble. Horton said it’s great what Fear did for the bird, calling it “a once-in-a-lifetime thing. ” Missy Runyan, from the Friends of the Feathered and Furry Wildlife Center Incorporated, an organization in nearby Hunter, said the bird was first thought to be hit by a car but there was no wound. It was, however, suffering from lead poisoning (铅中毒) , which influences its eyesight. “It’s likely that it hit a tree or something with its wing, leaving it grounded,” said Runyan, who’s been taking care of injured eagles for the past 15 years. Runyan said a wildlife officer was actually looking for the eagle after someone had called earlier in the day but it could not be found. She realized it was the same bird after the other call came in about it. Runyan, who is treating seven eagles now, said the infection (感染) in the eagle’s wing is being treated and it should be good to fly away in about a month and a half. 54．Which of the following can best describe Fear? A．Hard-working. B．Easy-going. C．Well-educated. D．Kind-hearted. 55．What did the two women do after seeing Fear? A．They asked the police for help. B．They took care of the bald eagle. C．They called an animal control expert. D．They sent the bird to an animal center. 56．What did Runyan talk about in paragraph 3? A．What she did for a living. B．The results of lead poisoning. C．Why the eagle was wounded. D．The knowledge of saving eagles. 57．How is Runyan helping the eagle? A．By training it to fly. B．By treating its infection. C．By learning where it came from. D．By reporting it to a wildlife officer. Passage 15 （2025学年高一上·福建福州·阶段练习）Rescue workers had collected 820 birds from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the majority of them already dead. The current spill promises to be the largest in US history, and as cleanup efforts stretch across the summer, it’s clear that more oiled birds will be found, stuck and suffering in the black stick liquid. And as they do with every oil spill, rescue workers will go to great lengths to capture and clean the survivors hoping to restore them to their natural habitat. Is it worth the effort? Some scientists aren’t so sure. Because the stress of being captured and bathed is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, and because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts say euthanasia (安乐死) is a more humane option. Clean bird feathers repel water (防水) and regulate body temperature while dirty ones don’t. Oil in particular makes feathers heavier and decreases their ability to trap air, which in turn makes birds weak and become easier to drowning, overheating and organ damage. Of course, being captured and cleaned is no picnic either. Some birds wind up returning to their destroyed habitats only to fall victim to the oil again. And those who manage to avoid a second oil bath suffer dramatically shortened life spans (跨度) and lower reproductive success. Of the thousands of birds that were rescued from the Prestige oil spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only 600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in captivity. However, bird rescuers say they have learned a lot about how to best help oil-soaked birds, and that therefore, survival rates stand to increase this time around. In the past, birds were cleaned right away, and volunteers often worked through the night bathing rescued birds. But now, captured birds are left to rest for a day or two before being cleaned, and only washed during the day, so as not to disrupt their circadian (生理的) rhythms. But part of that increase may be due to greater selectivity on the part of rescuers. The workers do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) or don’t look like they’re going to make it are put down right away, rather than subjected to the stress of captivity and cleaning. And so far, while release rates may be improving, there is little evidence of better medium or long-term survival, especially for the more-difficult-to-save species. There still aren’t good protocols (协议) for repairing the internal organ damage. Anyway, rescue efforts will continue in large part because the public demands that. Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do, especially for people who have built their lives around saving animals. 58．Why do some scientists doubt the effort to rescue oiled birds? A．Because it has cost too much time and money. B．Because human may be infected with the bird virus. C．Because it is torture followed by death to birds. D．Because migrant birds may broaden the pollution. 59．The case of Spain coast spill is mentioned to indicate ________. A．thousands of birds were polluted by oil B．the survival rate of oiled birds was very low C．the efforts to rescue oiled birds were ineffective D．captivity is an impractical method to rescue binds 60．Why do the survival rates of oiled birds increase? A．Oiled birds are kept in warm water for one or two days B．The second cleaning of the oiled birds in daytime is not permitted C．The rescuers often select the birds that are likely to survive D．Hydrocarbons are removed to rescue the oiled birds 61．Why does oiled birds’ rescue remain a controversial problem? A．Oiled birds’ internal organ damage is permanent. B．Euthanasia is a difficult and heart-aching operation. C．The more-difficult-to-save species will die by cleaning. D．The rescue is oiled birds’ suffering while seeing them die is cruel. 62．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The process of rescuing oiled birds and its challenges. B．The debate over the value and effectiveness of rescuing oiled birds. C．The different methods used in rescuing oiled birds. D．The long-term survival situation of rescued oiled birds. Ⅱ阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 （2025学年高一上·广东·阶段练习）No matter where you go, you’ll notice something special about the trees — the fact that their bottoms are painted white. At first glance, it could look like damage. After all, why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white? 1 And while it has been around for ages, people are still confused by this strange yet interesting phenomenon. Generally speaking, the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects. 2 Let’s check them out! Sun burnt. You might sometimes notice that some chunks of a tree’s bark buckle and look as if they are about to fall. In gardening terms, that process is called Winter Sun Scald or Southwest Injury and usually occurs during the tree’s beginning growth. But what causes this phenomenon? Simply put, Sun Scald happens in areas such as New Mexico, where there is intense (强烈的) sun exposure, and the temperatures vary wildly between day and night. 3 In other words, once you whitewash your young trees, their trunks’ surfaces won’t get dry and cracked as easily anymore. Heat protection. 4 Why? Because white paint acts as a protector that reflects the heat and allows the tree to spend more time on transpiration (蒸腾作用) and growing their fruits. Additionally, when trees are cooler, they have less stress, which makes their stomata (气孔) stay open a bit longer for the exchange of gases. That’s extremely important because the more carbon dioxide the trees take in, the more energy they create. 5 More often than not, a tree’s bark will crack, allowing insects to creep inside. Once that happens, bacteria will feed on the tree's inner body, preventing its growth and eventually killing it. As a result, whitewashing mixtures contain three parts water and one part interior latex paint (室内乳胶). The paint itself prevents insects from crawling up the tree and entering inside through the cracks. A．Illness and pests. B．Tree’s recovery. C．People whitewash trees for a variety of reasons. D．Fortunately, painting a tree’s trunk white is similar to adding sunscreen. E．Yet, whitewashing is anything but that, as it is actually pretty important! F．Painting the base of a young tree will also help it remain cool in the spring. G．However, depending on the area, there are many other reasons for whitewashing the trees. Passage 2 （2025学年高一上·湖南·阶段练习）It’s widely recognized that pets can help support humans’ health and well-being, but the benefits should be mutual (相互的). Our pets are not tools to support humans’ health. 6 Here is how keeping pets makes you both get healthier and happier. ※It increases physical well-being. Regular physical activity is closely connected with many health benefits, both for people and pets. Walking is a cost-effective and relatively easy way for most dog owners to improve the physical health and general well-being of both the pets and their owners. 7 For humans, it is a great way to stay physically active. ※It helps make two-and four-legged friends. Taking your pet out for a walk might have more health benefits than just exercise. Research suggests that pets help create relationships with other pet owners and animal lovers. For example, it is easier for pet owners to get to know other people in their local area as they have to go outdoors to walk the pets. 8 ※It brings relaxation. Research has shown that the physical presence of pets can bring down humans’ blood pressure and heart rate during a tough task-more so than the presence of a family member or friend. 9 But pets, too, benefit much from their owners’ company. In their owners’ presence, pets can be calm and they do enjoy their affection (喜爱). ※ 10 Animal doctors find that pets are getting fatter and fatter now. This matches the situation in the human population, where diet and exercise are seen as two key contributing factors (因素). The reason is simple. Owners may do harm to their pets’ health because of the same poor diet and exercise habits that cause their own health problems. By supporting people to make better decisions for their pets, it might also be possible to encourage healthier eating for the people. A．It teaches responsibility. B．It improves dietary decisions. C．They can feel things and should be treated with care and respect. D．It means that pets can bring comfort, safety and support for their owners. E．As a result, they are less likely to experience loneliness than people with no pets. F．For pets, walking provides necessary exercise, which can help keep a healthy weight. G．They remind us of the simple pleasures in life and the importance of living in the moment. Passage 3 （2025学年高一上·江苏南通·期中）People are spending like never before on their pets There is little, it seems that people won’t do for their pets. This is not limited to any particular country or region. 11 That is more than they spent on childcare. In this case, pet industry has become big business. Mars, a company best known for its chocolate bars for pets, made two-thirds of its income last year from pet-care. Besides owning the Royal Canin pet-food brand, the company also operates thousands of vet hospitals. At present, though facing higher prices and a cooling job market, pet owners have been unwilling to cut back on spending for their pets. Morgan Stanley, a bank, predicts pet spending in America will grow by 2.5% this year. The pet business proved similarly strong during the pandemic (疫情), as lonely people adopted (领养) animals and spent generously on them. 12 . Behind that is a change in the relationship between pets and humans. 13 “Pets have gone from the backyard to the living room to the bedroom,” says LoYe Moutault, head of the pet division at Mars. For many, pets are considered family members, and this emotional connection drives spending decisions. 14 Younger owners are more likely to take their pets to the vet more often and to buy them more gifts. About 95% of Gen Z owners (born between 1995 and 2009), surveyed last year by the American Pet Products Association, said they bought their dog a gift at least once a year, compared with 81% of boomers (born between 1946 and 1965). 15 As pets continue to be seen as family members, it is expected that spending on them will remain high. A．There are differences in pet spending across age groups. B．Pet spending were greatly influenced during the pandemic. C．Owners increasingly see themselves as parents, not masters. D．This shows people’s lasting devotion to pet care, even in the face of hard times. E．Dogs, cats and other animals are lucky enough to be welcomed into such families. F．In America, pet spending reached $186 billion last year, covering everything from food to vet visits. G．The average cost of those gifts was about $44 among Gen Z owners while only $17 among boomers. Passage 4 （2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Having a dog is good for your health. 16 You need to organize your day well and adjust (调整) it for your dog’s daily walking needs. Here are some safe dog walking tips. 17 Of course, the situation may happen when you badly need to go, for example, to a shop and then you have to leave the dog on a leash (狗链). But you must not often leave the animal like this because you endanger its life. And the dog can be a danger to people on the street. Pick less visited places. When choosing a place for walking with a dog, you had better pick less visited squares and parks, and other less popular areas where there are only a small number of people. 18 Take the best number of walks in a day for your dog. Though even just one walk every day may be enough for smaller dogs, high-energy dogs will need more than that. 19 The question of how much time to walk is also important. The best choice is to prepare at least 40 minutes for a walk with your dog. Take your dog to meetups. Dogs enjoy meetups with other dogs. Plan dog meetups and group-walks for your dog to play with other dogs. Walking in a group means you get to share experiences with other dog owners as well. 20 So take your dog out to meet up with other dogs. It is good for their health. A．Never leave your dog alone on walks. B．So you need to know your dog and find out its energy level. C．The best dog owners are those who often go to different shops. D．However, walking your dog can cost you much time. E．Social meetups help make sure that your dog becomes a friendly pet. F．These are safe places to do fun outdoor games for your dog. G．You, as the owner, should pay attention to everything that your dog eats. Passage 5 （2025学年高一上·山东济南·开学考试）We all know that fish tanks bring comfort and peace for adults—or at least, we are in a better mood after staring at our fish for a while. But what about kids? 21 Taking care of something that depends on them teaches kids responsibility. It helps them realize that what they do is important and that sometimes things need to get done（like feeding the fish）even when they don't feel like doing it. You can have your child help with cleaning the fish tank. 22 A young child could simply watch and hand you the things you need. Kids in grade school could help clean the outside of the fish tank. Teens could help more with the actual cleaning process. Keeping a fish tank also has a direct effect on kids' mental health. 23 One study has shown that people feel more relaxed and calmer after watching live fish in a tank for five minutes. Interestingly, studies have also shown that watching fish in a tank helps calm kids. So why not bring that experience to your home? 24 One fun part of having a fish tank is choosing from a range of fascinating fish, plants and other decorations. If you can, get kids involved in this process by bringing them along to the fish store with you when you select fish or decorations. You can discuss with your kids about your choices. 25 It might not seem like you're teaching anything—but through these conversations, kids are learning to think creatively. They learn how to select fish for a community tank instead of just picking out a fish because "It's pretty!" A．Let your kid helpers give their input, too! B．To add to the benefits, it inspires creativity. C．Keeping a fish tank brings lots of fun to kids. D．Are kids able to take good care of a fish tank? E．Give them responsibilities that make sense for their age. F．Good news is that owning a fish tank for them has many benefits. G．If you feel better after watching fish, it's not just your imagination! ( 24 / 25 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Nature in the balance (译林版2020必修第三册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) Ⅰ阅读理解 Passage 1 （2025学年高一上·江苏徐州·期末）In Camp Tuhsmeheta (short for touch, smell, hear and taste), Jerusalem Crawley, a blind boy, met Donna Posont in her class about birding. “I was immediately attracted and wanted to learn more.” said Crawley. Posont, who is blind, introduced Crawley and other blind summer campers to the sounds of different birds. “Blindness doesn’t need to limit anyone — you can learn about nature and identify trees, plants and birds using the other senses,” said Posont, 67, who has started to watch birds monthly since 2009, with the goal of teaching blind people to explore nature independently. Posont grew up in a small town and she dreamed of studying biology in college. However, she couldn’t find a school with the proper equipment to teach a blind person. Instead, she earned a degree in social work, but still hoped to study biology. Luckily years later computers and high technology equipped schools to accept blind students. So in 2008, Posont returned to college and studied the subjects she’d missed in her younger years. She graduated from the University of Michigan in 2015 with a degree in environmental studies and a minor (辅修) in biology. During summer breaks at the University of Michigan, she started passing along what she’d learned about birds and plants through touch, sound and smell to children at Camp Tuhsmeheta. “You miss a lot in a sighted world if you learn by depending on healthy people.” said Posont. With bird populations dropping at an alarming rate due to habitat loss, pollution and climate change, Posont said it’s more important than ever to hand down what she’s learned. “You can use your other senses to learn why birds and nature are important and how they all work together,” she said. “The world is designed for sighted people, but nature is a place where it’s okay to be blind. To me, that’s the beauty of it.” 1．Why did Posont teach in the camp? A．To promote bird watching. B．To help the blind explore nature. C．To attract more people to the camp. D．To inspire children to be dependent. 2．What did Posont want to learn most? A．Social work. B．Environment. C．Biology. D．Education. 3．Which of the following can best describe Posont? A．Strict and adventurous. B．Attractive and patient. C．Curious and thoughtful. D．Determined and helpful. 4．What does the underlined word “it” in the last sentence refer to? A．The world. B．Nature. C．Being blind. D．Birding. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了盲人Donna Posont如何在自己的生活中克服障碍，学习生物学和环境研究，并在Camp Tuhsmeheta夏令营中教授其他盲人孩子如何通过触觉、听觉和嗅觉来探索自然，特别是鸟类的知识。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段““Blindness doesn’t need to limit anyone — you can learn about nature and identify trees, plants and birds using the other senses,” said Posont, 67, who has started to watch birds monthly since 2009, with the goal of teaching blind people to explore nature independently.(67岁的Posont说：“失明不需要限制任何人——你可以用其他感官了解大自然，识别树木、植物和鸟类。”她从2009年开始每月观察鸟类，目的是教盲人独立探索自然)”可知，Posont在营地教书是为了帮助盲人探索大自然。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Posont grew up in a small town and she dreamed of studying biology in college. However, she couldn’t find a school with the proper equipment to teach a blind person. Instead, she earned a degree in social work, but still hoped to study biology.(Posont在一个小镇上长大，她梦想着在大学里学习生物学。然而，她找不到一所有适当设备的学校来教盲人。相反，她获得了社会工作学位，但仍然希望学习生物学)”可知，Posont最想学的是生物学。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段““Blindness doesn’t need to limit anyone — you can learn about nature and identify trees, plants and birds using the other senses,” said Posont, 67, who has started to watch birds monthly since 2009, with the goal of teaching blind people to explore nature independently.(67岁的Posont说：“失明不需要限制任何人——你可以用其他感官了解大自然，识别树木、植物和鸟类。”她从2009年开始每月观察鸟类，目的是教盲人独立探索自然)”可知，她想教盲人独立探索自然，所以是乐于助人的，根据第三段“Posont grew up in a small town and she dreamed of studying biology in college. However, she couldn’t find a school with the proper equipment to teach a blind person. Instead, she earned a degree in social work, but still hoped to study biology. Luckily years later computers and high technology equipped schools to accept blind students. So in 2008, Posont returned to college and studied the subjects she’d missed in her younger years. She graduated from the University of Michigan in 2015 with a degree in environmental studies and a minor (辅修) in biology.(Posont在一个小镇上长大，她梦想着在大学里学习生物学。然而，她找不到一所有适当设备的学校来教盲人。相反，她获得了社会工作学位，但仍然希望学习生物学。幸运的是，几年后电脑和高科技装备的学校接受盲人学生。所以在2008年，Posont回到大学学习她年轻时错过的科目。她于2015年毕业于密歇根大学，获得环境研究学位，辅修生物学)”可知，Posont喜欢生物学，因为种种原因曾放弃过，但是最总她还是回学校学习获得相应学位，所以是坚定的。故选D项。 4．词句猜测题。划线词为代词“it”，代指前文提到的事物，根据前文及所在句“The world is designed for sighted people, but nature is a place where it’s okay to be blind. To me, that’s the beauty of it.(这个世界是为有视力的人设计的，但大自然是一个盲人可以接受的地方。对我来说，这就是它的美)”可知，it代指的是大自然，强调了在自然界中，视力障碍者也能找到属于他们的美好。故选B项。 Passage 2 A program of Abu Dhabi’s environment agency is rescuing sea turtles and returning them to the Persian Gulf (波斯湾). Members of the program have released (释放) a total of about 500 sea turtles that were rescued. The environment agency launched the program three years ago to help turtles struggling to survive. The latest release took place in early June. Members of the agency’s Wildlife Rescue Program brought about 80 turtles to the water and released them. Scientists placed satellite equipment (卫星设备) on the turtles to better understand where they go. The information will inform scientists about the success of rehabilitation (恢复)methods. Turtles have historically been hunted for their meat and eggs. Their shells have been used in jewelry. But other causes have decreased the numbers of all seven species of sea turtles. Hind Al-Ameri is a scientist at the Environment Agency Abu Dhabi. She said that problems like plastic pollution, ship strikes, and fishing equipment are harming sea turtles. She added that coastal development reduces the amount of space the turtles have to lay eggs and warming oceans can harm coral reefs, which turtles need to survive. Besides, changing ocean currents(洋流) can bring turtles closer to animals that hunt them and rising sea levels might harm coastal areas where the turtles lay their eggs. The sex of baby turtles is influenced by the temperature at which the eggs develop. Warmer temperatures produce higher numbers of female turtles. Al-Ameri said conditions in the United Arab Emirates have become so warm that male population numbers should be greatly reduced. However, she said the turtle groups are healthy and reproducing. “It’s driving us to understand why our species are adapting to the changes” she said. 5．How did scientists track the turtles? A．By locating them with special tools. B．By swimming after them in person. C．By studying data collected before. D．By doing various experiments in labs. 6．What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Ways to hunt sea turtles. B．Experiments led by a scientist. C．Places where sea turtles lay eggs. D．Reasons for the decrease of sea turtles. 7．What determines the populations of male turtles? A．The rising sea level. B．The number of female turtles. C．The warmer temperatures. D．The changing ocean currents. 8．What’s Al-Ameri’s attitude towards the program of Abu Dhabi? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Uninterested D．Doubtful. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了阿布扎比环境机构的一个救援海龟项目，包括项目的目的、已释放的海龟数量、科学家如何追踪海龟以及海龟面临的威胁等信息。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists placed satellite equipment (卫星设备) on the turtles to better understand where they go. The information will inform scientists about the success of rehabilitation(恢复)methods.(科学家们在海龟身上安装了卫星设备，以便更好地了解它们的去向。这些信息将帮助科学家评估海龟恢复方法的成效)”可知，科学家通过在海龟身上放置卫星设备来追踪它们，卫星设备属于特殊工具。故选A。 6．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段第一句“Turtles have historically been hunted for their meat and eggs. Their shells have been used in jewelry. But other causes have decreased the numbers of all seven species of sea turtles.(从历史上看，海龟因其肉和蛋遭到捕猎，它们的龟壳被用于制作珠宝。但其他因素也导致了所有七种海龟数量的减少)”以及全段内容可知，第三段围绕海龟数量减少这一现象展开，阐述了历史上的猎杀、塑料污染、船只碰撞、捕鱼设备、沿海开发、海洋变暖、洋流变化以及海平面上升等诸多导致海龟数量减少的原因。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The sex of baby turtles is influenced by the temperature at which the eggs develop. Warmer temperatures produce higher numbers of female turtles.(幼龟的性别受龟卵发育时温度的影响。温度越高，孵化出的雌龟数量就越多)”可知，幼龟的性别受龟卵发育时温度的影响，温度越高，孵化出的雌龟数量就越多。这意味着温度越低，孵化出的雄龟数量相对越多，所以温暖的温度会影响雄性海龟的数量。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, she said the turtle groups are healthy and reproducing. “It’s driving us to understand why our species are adapting to the changes” she said.(然而，她说海龟种群健康且仍在繁衍。“这促使我们去探究为什么我们的物种能够适应这些变化。” 她说)”可知，Al-Ameri说项目促使他们去探究海龟为何能适应变化，以及提到海龟种群健康且仍在繁衍，可以推断出她对阿布扎比拯救海龟项目是支持的态度。故选B。 Passage 3 A badly-injured fox spent two weeks recovering in a garden tent after attaching itself to a family in Glasgow, Scotland. Liz Wink said the fox followed her home before they noticed a bad wound on its side. “My son Andrew came running in and said ‘there’s a fox following me’,” Wink said. “We opened the door and it was just standing there.” “I have three dogs and they were barking (吠叫) but it was still trying to come in — its nose was going through the letterbox. We noticed the wound. We put food in the back garden and it made the back garden its home. There was also a chair in the back.” The fox was fed food including cooked chicken. “We also bought a tent, with an old quilt cover in it.” Wink said antibiotics (抗生素) were given after contacting a vet, and the fox finally left their garden with the wound healed after a fortnight. “It was here day and night,” Wink said. “My daughter Lucy is good with animals and would pat it. It was so quiet.” “Clearly, when foxes are injured they take a thing called a rescue nap (抢救性小睡) and I think that’s what it has done with us,” Wink said. “They nap for however long it takes, and it completely healed. Then it was up and away and we never saw that fox again. We still have foxes but that one was so friendly, the other ones do run away. Maybe it will come back with babies one day.” Although it’s great that the fox appeared to make a full recovery, we wouldn’t advise members of the public to attempt to treat sick or injured wild animals themselves. If people find a wounded wild animal in trouble, they should call animal helpline. 9．Why did the fox follow the son Andrew to his home? A．To make friends with Andrew. B．To feed its babies. C．To turned to the family for help. D．To cure its injured back. 10．What did the fox do for its own recovery? A．It rested for as long as it would take. B．It went for a vet to have a check-up. C．It killed animals nearby for food. D．It went into forests to heal itself. 11．What does the author suggest people do to help injured wild animals? A．Treat them under the guidance of vets. B．Search the wild and look for more of them. C．Contact animal experts for advice and information. D．Learn more about them and offer proper treatment. 12．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Garden Tent and a Kind Fox B．An Injured Fox and a Kind Family C．A Badly-injured Fox and Its Travel D．A Family Travel and an Injured Fox 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一只受伤的狐狸如何在苏格兰格拉斯哥的一个家庭的花园中康复的故事，以及这个家庭如何照顾这只狐狸。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Liz Wink said the fox followed her home before they noticed a bad wound on its side. (Liz Wink说，这只狐狸跟着她回家，他们才发现它侧面有一个严重的伤口)”可知，狐狸跟随Liz Wink回家是因为它受伤了，希望得到帮助。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Clearly, when foxes are injured they take a thing called a rescue nap (抢救性小睡) and I think that’s what it has done with us,” Wink said. “They nap for however long it takes, and it completely healed. (“显然，当狐狸受伤时，它们会进行一种叫做抢救性小睡的行为，我认为它就是这样做的，”Wink说。“它们会睡上需要的时间，直到完全康复。”)”可知，狐狸为了康复，进行了长时间的休息。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although it’s great that the fox appeared to make a full recovery, we wouldn’t advise members of the public to attempt to treat sick or injured wild animals themselves. If people find a wounded wild animal in trouble, they should call animal helpline. (虽然这只狐狸似乎完全康复了，但我们不建议公众自行治疗生病或受伤的野生动物。如果人们发现有受伤的野生动物陷入困境，他们应该拨打动物救援热线)”可知，作者建议人们在发现受伤的野生动物时，应该联系动物救援热线，而不是自行治疗，即向专家求助。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A badly-injured fox spent two weeks recovering in a garden tent after attaching itself to a family in Glasgow, Scotland. (一只严重受伤的狐狸在苏格兰格拉斯哥的一个家庭的花园帐篷中度过了两周的康复期)”及全文可知，整篇文章主要讲述了受伤的狐狸和善良的家庭之间的故事，家庭如何照顾狐狸并帮助它康复。因此最佳标题为B项“一只受伤的狐狸和一个善良的家庭”。故选B。 Passage 4 （2025学年高一上·湖南长沙·期末）Edward O. Wilson, known as “the ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his PhD from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson's early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: How ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bent Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects' social structure that was both valued by entomologists(昆虫学者) and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic and evolutionary roots of animal behaviour and argued that genes shaped human behaviour. Wilson faced accusations(谴责) for these ideas but finally his work largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world. These accomplishments offered him a type of academic superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “One of the qualities I really admired about Professor Wilson was his ability to really listen to and engage with whomever he was interacting with, ” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson's final advisees. 13．What contributed to Wilson's passion for ants? A．His accidental disability. B．The discovery he made about ants. C．The school education he received. D．His boyhood spent in nature. 14．What is the book On Human Nature about? A．The social structure of ants. B．The distribution of different species. C．The links between biology and human culture. D．The role of chemical signals in communication. 15．According to Wilson's friends and colleagues, which word can best describe him? A．Warm-hearted B．Modest. C．Independent. D．Honest. 16．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To promote Wilson's most popular books. B．To explain the social behavior of ants in detail. C．To highlight the challenges Wilson faced in his personal life. D．To introduce the life and key achievements of Wilson 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了被称为“蚁人”的著名生物学家爱德华·威尔逊的生平和成就。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His parents divorced when he was young, and he moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures. (他的父母在他很小的时候就离婚了，他在童年时期经常搬家。威尔逊在探索森林和野生动物中长大。其中一次冒险让他部分失明，但也让他对蚂蚁和它们的社会结构产生了毕生的兴趣。)”可知，威尔逊的童年是在大自然中度过的，使得他对蚂蚁很有热情。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979.( 1978年，他关于生物学在人类文化中所扮演角色的观点以《论人性》一书达到顶峰，这本书为他赢得了1979年的普利策奖。)”可知，《论人性》这本书是关于生物学和人类文化之间的联系。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world. These accomplishments offered him a type of academic superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth.( 威尔逊发表了400多篇科学论文和20多本书。他获得了来自世界各地的150多个奖项和荣誉。这些成就给他带来了一种学术巨星的地位，但朋友和同事说，这位彬彬有礼的南方人仍然脚踏实地。)”可推知，根据威尔逊朋友和同事的说法，威尔逊是一位非常谦虚的人。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Edward O. Wilson, known as “the ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama.( 爱德华·威尔逊，被称为“蚁人”，1929年6月10日出生在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰。)”可知，文章开篇介绍了威尔逊的出生、童年经历，之后讲述了他的教育背景以及在蚂蚁研究、生物学等领域的重要发现和著作，整体是在介绍威尔逊的生平及主要成就。由此可推知，文章的主要目的是绍威尔逊的生平和主要成就。故选D项。 Passage 5 （2025学年高一上·江苏无锡·期末）Your legs may help you get around, but what if they could also help you smell out a snack? That’s a trick achieved by a very strange fish called the sea robin. The fish, which lives on the seafloor, has an unusual appearance, with wing-like fins and leg-like things that it uses not only to move around quickly but also for “tasting” the sea floor to find prey (猎物) hidden in the sand, researchers have found. Sea robins are known to use six leg-like structures to walk across the sea floor and even turn over shellfish in a hunt for prey. Researchers have long questioned if their legs could also help the fish to discover food in others ways. A series of researches have been carried out, and scientists in the Marine Biological Laboratory have released two studies uncovering the genes that result in the sea robins’ legs and also how such legs are used. Writing in the journal Current Biology, the team report how they placed individual sea robins into tanks containing water and sand. Hidden in the sand were either shellfish, capsules containing shellfish extract, or capsules containing seawater. The team found that a kind of sea robins regularly turned up all of the prey-related items but not the seawater capsules. Further work made it clear that nerves (神经) in the legs of these fish fired when the legs sensed various food-related materials, while the sea robins could find the hidden capsules containing such materials. The team discovered that the ability of the fish to find prey decreased with the depth at which the prey was hidden, as would be expected if the sea robins were using their legs to sense something released by the prey. In addition, the researchers found that the legs of these sea robins were covered in small bumps similar to those seen on a human tongue, and the bumps could taste things. The researchers suggest that the bumps could increase both touch and sensitivity. 17．What do we know about sea robins in paragraph 1? A．They are ugly-looking sea life. B．They are good at playing tricks. C．They hunt for food using legs. D．They live on the surface of the sea. 18．Why did the scientists in the Marine Biological Laboratory do the two studies? A．To offer a suggestion. B．To clear up doubts. C．To give a reason. D．To introduce an idea. 19．How did the scientists carry out the study? A．By examining the nerves in sea robins’ legs. B．By observing different items hidden in the sand. C．By putting individual sea robins into different tanks. D．By comparing sea robins’ responses to different items. 20．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Bumps make sea robins more sensitive to the prey. B．Bumps enable sea robins to touch prey far away. C．Sea robins have the same bumps as a human tongue does. D．Sea robins can explore prey in the deep ocean easily. 21．What’s the best title for the text? A．Strange Fish, Unusual Appearance Shown B．Amazing Fish, Unique Trick Ahead C．Crazy Fish, Special Movement Unlocked D．Mysterious Fish, Hunting Secrets Out 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A 21．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为鲂鮄鱼类可以通过“腿”来寻找食物，研究发现，海鲂的“腿”不仅可以帮助其在海底快速移动，还可以通过感知食物来进行捕猎。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“The fish, which lives on the seafloor, has an unusual appearance, with wing-like fins and leg-like things that it uses not only to move around quickly but also for “tasting” the sea floor to find prey (猎物) hidden in the sand, researchers have found.(研究人员发现，这种生活在海底的鱼有着不同寻常的外表，它有像翅膀一样的鳍和像腿一样的东西，不仅可以用来快速移动，还可以用来“品尝”海底，找到隐藏在沙子里的猎物)”可知，鲂鮄用腿寻找食物。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers have long questioned if their legs could also help the fish to discover food in others ways. A series of researches have been carried out, and scientists in the Marine Biological Laboratory have released two studies uncovering the genes that result in the sea robins’ legs and also how such legs are used.(研究人员长期以来一直怀疑它们的腿是否也能帮助鱼类以其他方式寻找食物。一系列的研究已经展开，海洋生物实验室的科学家们发布了两项研究，揭示了导致鲂鮄腿的基因以及这些腿是如何使用的)”可知，海洋生物实验室的科学家做这两项研究是为了消除关于鲂鮄的腿是否也能帮助鱼类以其他方式寻找食物这一疑虑。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段“Writing in the journal Current Biology, the team report how they placed individual sea robins into tanks containing water and sand. Hidden in the sand were either shellfish, capsules containing shellfish extract, or capsules containing seawater.(在《当代生物学》杂志上，研究小组报告了他们如何将单个鲂鮄放入装有水和沙子的水箱中。沙子里藏着贝类、含有贝类提取物的胶囊或含有海水的胶囊)”以及第四段“The team found that a kind of sea robins regularly turned up all of the prey-related items but not the seawater capsules.(研究小组发现，有一种鲂鮄会经常找到所有与猎物有关的物品，但不会找到海水胶囊。)”可知，科学家们通过比较鲂鮄对不同物品的反应来开展这项研究。故选D。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In addition, the researchers found that the legs of these sea robins were covered in small bumps similar to those seen on a human tongue, and the bumps could taste things. The researchers suggest that the bumps could increase both touch and sensitivity.(此外，研究人员发现，这些鲂鮄的腿上覆盖着小凸起，类似于人类舌头上的凸起，这些肿块可以品尝东西。研究人员认为，这些凸起可以增加触觉和灵敏度)”可知，凸起可以增加鲂鮄的触觉和灵敏度，使鲂鮄对猎物更加敏感。故选A。 21．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Your legs may help you get around, but what if they could also help you smell out a snack? That’s a trick achieved by a very strange fish called the sea robin. The fish, which lives on the seafloor, has an unusual appearance, with wing-like fins and leg-like things that it uses not only to move around quickly but also for “tasting” the sea floor to find prey (猎物) hidden in the sand, researchers have found.(你的腿可以帮助你四处走动，但如果它们也能帮助你闻出零食呢？这是一种叫做鲂鮄的奇怪鱼的把戏。研究人员发现，这种生活在海底的鱼有着不寻常的外表，它有像翅膀一样的鳍和像腿一样的东西，不仅可以用来快速移动，还可以用来‘品尝’海底，找到藏在沙子里的猎物)”结合文章主要介绍了一种鱼类可以通过腿来寻找食物，并介绍了与之有关的研究。可知，D选项“神秘的鱼——打猎秘密破解”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 6 （2025学年高一上·江苏淮安·期末）Dogs are born with the ability of self-representation, according to a study published in 2019 in Animal Cognition. The tested dogs in the lab slowed down and hesitated before walking through uncomfortably small openings, showing that they rely on awareness of their body size to make decisions. What about cats? Cats may seem solid (固体), but to some degree they’re actually liquid (液体) —at least according to one 2017 theoretical physics paper inspired by videos of cats squeezing (挤过) under doors, into small vases and down narrow gaps. Now, one researcher has taken this idea a step further, testing a group of cats to see when they act more like liquids or solids. But cats are difficult to test in the lab. With help from his co-workers, Pongrácz built a special lab that they set up in the homes of 29 cat owners. In each home, the team attached two large, cardboard panels (嵌板) to a doorframe (门框): one with five holes of the same height but reducing width and another with five holes of the same width but reducing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. The cat had to squeeze from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed. Thirty out of 38 cats finished the experiment. When faced with holes of different height, 22 cats hesitated to move through the shortest. When the holes different in width, only eight cats hesitated before approaching the narrowest hole. Most cats tried to squeeze through slim openings immediately without thinking of whether they fit or not. In nature, this hesitation in the experiment to move through short holes may be a self-protection approach, Pongrácz says. If a cat squeezes through a hole without being able to see what’s on the other side, they may be making themselves easy to hurt potentially. The fact that they still hesitate in the safety of their homes suggests that the cats also rely on their body size to plan their approach. 22．Why does the author mention the experiment on dogs in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To compare dogs with cats. C．To present the findings of a study. D．To attract attention to dog’s behaviors. 23．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Steps of the experiment. B．Subjects of the experiment. C．Results of the experiment. D．Purposes of the experiment. 24．What do cats tend to consider when squeezing through a hole? A．Area of a hole. B．Width of a hole. C．Height of a hole. D．Shape of a hole. 25．What does cats’ hesitation imply in the experiment? A．They are solid instead of liquid. B．They are trying to see the other side. C．They are deciding a self-protection way. D．They are waiting for their owners’ orders. 【答案】22．A 23．A 24．C 25．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于猫是否能意识到自己的身体大小的一项实验。 22．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Dogs are born with the ability of self-representation, according to a study published in 2019 in Animal Cognition. The tested dogs in the lab slowed down and hesitated before walking through uncomfortably small openings, showing that they rely on awareness of their body size to make decisions.(根据2019年发表在《动物认知》杂志上的一项研究，狗天生具有自我认知能力。实验室里接受测试的狗在穿过令人不适的小开口时会放慢速度并犹豫，这表明它们依靠对身体大小的意识来做出决定)”和第二段“What about cats?(那么猫呢？)”可知，作者在第一段提到关于狗的实验是为了引出对猫的相关讨论，也就是为了引出话题。故选A。 23．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“But cats are difficult to test in the lab. With help from his co-workers, Pongrácz built a special lab that they set up in the homes of 29 cat owners. In each home, the team attached two large, cardboard panels (嵌板) to a doorframe (门框): one with five holes of the same height but reducing width and another with five holes of the same width but reducing height. An owner stood on one side of the panel while the cat and the experimenter stood on the other. The cat had to squeeze from the experimenter’s side to the owner’s side through the holes while being filmed.(但是，在实验室里对猫进行测试很困难。在同事们的帮助下，庞格拉茨（Pongrácz）建立了一个特殊的实验室，他们将其设置在29位猫主人的家中。在每个家庭里，团队在门框上安装了两块大型的纸板嵌板：一块嵌板上有五个高度相同但宽度逐渐减小的洞，另一块嵌板上有五个宽度相同但高度逐渐减小的洞。猫主人站在嵌板的一侧，而猫和实验者站在另一侧。在拍摄过程中，猫需要从实验者所在的一侧挤过洞到达主人所在的一侧)”可知，第三段主要讲述了实验是如何进行的，即实验的步骤。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据第四段“When faced with holes of different height, 22 cats hesitated to move through the shortest. When the holes different in width, only eight cats hesitated before approaching the narrowest hole.(当面对不同高度的洞时，22只猫犹豫着不愿穿过最短的洞。当洞的宽度不同时，只有八只猫在接近最窄的洞之前犹豫了一下)”可知，在面对不同高度的洞时，更多的猫会犹豫，这说明猫在挤过一个洞时更倾向于考虑洞的高度。故选C。 25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In nature, this hesitation in the experiment to move through short holes may be a self-protection approach, Pongrácz says.(Pongrácz说，在自然界中，实验中穿过短洞时的这种犹豫可能是一种自我保护的方法)”可推知，在实验中，猫的犹豫意味着它们正在决定一种自我保护的方式。故选C。 Passage 7 （2025学年高一上·广东汕头·期末）As we know, search and rescue teams often play an important role in rescue work. Usually, the teams are accompanied by man’s best friend. A dog’s greater sense of smell can be important to finding survivors buried under fallen buildings. But now a new animal is being trained to assist search and rescue teams after an earthquake hits, and it’s the rat (老鼠). These rescue rats are being trained by Dr. Donna Kean, a researcher from Glasgow, Scotland who has been working with rats for years. Kean explained why she and her colleagues at the nonprofit APOPO train rats instead of dogs. “The rats have a comparable sense of smell, and they’re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.” At the moment, the rats are wearing backpacks that contain microphones, video equipment and location trackers, and then scientists are sending these rats into mock debris (模拟的废墟). Rats would be able to get into small spaces to get to victims buried in the ruins. “We have not been in a real situation yet; we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We may speak to victims through the rat.” Researchers train them on a basic series of behaviour. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually increase the difficulty in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like a real ruined building site. The training just started and researchers still have to run more training outside the research environment. They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for field experiments. 26．What advantage do rats have over dogs in the rescue work? A．They are easier to train. B．They are more suitable with a smaller size. C．They have a better sense of smell. D．They adapt to new environments more quickly. 27．What usage is expected of the backpacks? A．To guide rats to find survivors. B．To protect rats from being injured. C．To help rescuers communicate with victims. D．To provide some food for trapped people. 28．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The process of training the rats. B．The difficulty of conducting experiments. C．The rats’ behaviour in real collapsed sites. D．The importance of the research environment. 29．What do scientists plan to do next? A．Train rats for rescue work in more countries. B．Develop the technology to assist GEA． C．Conduct further study on disaster warning. D．Send rats to Turkey for tests in real situations. 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．A 29．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。搜救队在救援工作中往往发挥着重要作用，狗更强的嗅觉对于寻找埋在倒塌建筑物下的幸存者非常重要。但现在一种新的动物正在接受训练，以在地震发生后协助搜救队，它就是老鼠。文章主要介绍了老鼠在救援工作中的优势，以及培训老鼠的过程。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ “The rats have a comparable sense of smell, and they’ re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “Their size is useful because they will be able to move through different environments that dogs just wouldn’t be able to.”(“老鼠有类似的嗅觉，而且它们和狗一样容易训练，”她说。“它们的体型很有用，因为它们能够在狗无法做到的不同环境中移动。”)”可知，在救援工作中，老鼠相比狗的优势是它们体型较小，更适合较小尺寸的环境。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据第三段中““We have not been in a real situation yet; we have got a mock debris site. When we track the backpack, we will be able to hear from where the rat is inside the debris,” Kean said. “We may speak to victims through the rat.”(“我们还没有处于真实的情境中；我们设有一个模拟的废墟现场。当我们追踪背包时，我们将能够听到老鼠在废墟中的位置，”基恩说。“我们可以通过老鼠与受害者交谈。”)”可知，背包的预期用途是帮助救援人员与受害者进行沟通。故选C。 28．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Researchers train them on a basic series of behaviour. Training starts off in a really basic environment: a small and empty room. Then they gradually increase the difficulty in order to make it like real life. They can start adding in debris and making the training area look more like a real ruined building site.(研究人员对他们进行一系列基本行为的训练。培训从一个非常基本的环境开始：一个小而空的房间。然后他们逐渐增加难度，以使其像现实生活一样。他们可以开始添加碎片，使训练区域看起来更像一个真正的废墟建筑工地)”可知，第四段主要介绍了训练老鼠的过程。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They are working with a search and rescue group called GEA, who are based in Turkey, a country with frequent earthquakes and hoping that by next year they’ll be able to take the rats to Turkey for field experiments.(他们正在与一个名为GEA的搜救组织合作，该组织的总部位于地震频发的土耳其，希望明年他们能够将老鼠带到土耳其进行现场实验)”可推知，科学家下一步计划将老鼠送到土耳其进行真实情况测试。故选D。 Passage 8 （2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Pets may seem like something of a luxury (奢侈品). In return for a lifetime of food and love, they don’t seem to offer practical value. When was the last time you saw a pet dog helping a farmer in a field or taking groceries off the car? So what do pets really give us? Well, that depends on who you ask. It turns out, some people may like animals by nature-likely because animals first tricked their way into our ancestors’ (祖先) lives by offering a very real service. Somewhere between 15,000 and 5,000 years ago, humans started domesticating (驯化) animals. Separating them from wild animals was necessary, or it would have slowed down the domestication. So, to make sure the wild stayed wild and the domestic stayed domestic, a few fortunate animals were allowed to live indoors and more closely alongside humans. Eventually those protected animals did what animals do. They formed a close relationship with people. People with an understanding of animals and animal keeping developed more quickly than those without, who had to continue to depend on hunting to get meat. The very same genes (基因) that spread among those early farmers make some people more likely to keep their first cat or dog today. Early farmers valued a real service provided by animals, like guarding crops, farming and providing food. Over time, this valuing have become an appreciation for animals in general. Maybe that’s why efforts to create robotic dogs have not become popular yet. A robotic dog may walk like a dog and bark like a dog and even look like a dog. But our genes tell us it isn’t a dog. Will we be able to appreciate and connect with this creature the way our ancestors did with real animals? It’s hard to imagine the robotic dog being able to learn that very old trick. 30．What helped animals domestication? A．Keeping wild and domestic animals apart. B．Forming a close connection with animals. C．Making sure the wild stayed domestic. D．Allowing more animals to live indoors. 31．What happened to the animal-keeping people later? A．They created robotic dogs. B．They depended on hunting. C．They lived a better life. D．They quit keeping animals. 32．Why are robotic dogs unpopular? A．They are unable to play tricks. B．They fail to connect with humans. C．They do not bark like real dogs. D．They are unfriendly to humans. 33．Where do people’s love for pets come from? A．Their birthplaces. B．Their work. C．Their education. D．Their genes. 【答案】30．A 31．C 32．B 33．D 【导语】本文说明文。主要讲述了为什么人们无条件的喜欢宠物其实是因为人与动物之间的联系是天生的是由基因决定的，而这恰恰是机器狗无法比拟的。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段“Separating them from wild animals was necessary, or it would have slowed down the domestication. So, to make sure the wild stayed wild and the domestic stayed domestic, a few fortunate animals were allowed to live indoors and more closely alongside humans.(将他们与野生动物分开是必要的，否则就会减慢驯化的速度。因此，为了确保野生动物保持野生，家养动物保持家养，一些幸运的动物被允许住在室内，与人类更密切地生活在一起)”可知，把野生动物和家养动物分离开来是必须的，否则将会减慢驯化的进程。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据第四段“Eventually those protected animals did what animals do. They formed a close relationship with people. People with an understanding of animals and animal keeping developed more quickly than those without, who had to continue to depend on hunting to get meat.(最终，这些受保护的动物做了动物该做的事。他们与人建立了密切的关系。了解动物和动物饲养的人比那些不了解动物和动物饲养的人发展得更快，后者不得不继续依靠狩猎来获取肉类)”可知，对动物和动物抚养表示理解的人通常发展得要比那些没有理解的人更快，因此可以推出他们生活地更好。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Maybe that’s why efforts to create robotic dogs have not become popular yet. A robotic dog may walk like a dog and bark like a dog and even look like a dog. But our genes tell us it isn’t a dog. Will we be able to appreciate and connect with this creature the way our ancestors did with real animals? It’s hard to imagine the robotic dog being able to learn that very old trick.(也许这就是制造机器狗的努力还没有流行起来的原因。机器狗可能会像狗一样走路，像狗一样叫，甚至看起来像狗。但我们的基因告诉我们它不是狗。我们能像我们的祖先对待真正的动物那样欣赏并与这种生物建立联系吗？很难想象机器狗能够学会这个古老的把戏)”可知，机器狗尽管叫的声音和长得都像真的狗，但是它不可能和真的动物一样和我们人类建立真正的联系。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The very same genes (基因) that spread among those early farmers make some people more likely to keep their first cat or dog today. Early farmers valued a real service provided by animals, like guarding crops, farming and providing food. Over time, this valuing have become an appreciation for animals in general.(在这些早期农民中传播的基因使一些人今天更有可能养他们的第一只猫或狗。早期的农民重视动物提供的真正的服务，比如保护庄稼、耕种和提供食物。随着时间的推移，这种价值已经成为一种对动物的普遍欣赏)”以及最后一段“But our genes tell us it isn’t a dog.(但我们的基因告诉我们它不是狗)”以及纵观全文可知，人们对于动物的喜爱是天生的也就是基因决定的。故选D。 Passage 9 （2025学年高一上·河北·期末）Puppies are able to request help at just 6 weeks old by repeatedly alternating their gaze (交替注视) between a nearby human and the situation they are struggling with. That is even younger than when babies start communicating that way, when adjusting for differences in how the two species mature, says Stefanie Riemer at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria. Babies generally start meaningfully alternating their gaze at between 8 and 10 months old. In 2021, scientists found that puppies can make eye contact with people and respond to their communication efforts. However, it was unclear whether they could start such communication themselves. Dogs raised in kennels (犬舍) generally only start communicating with humans via their gaze on purpose as young adults. But puppies brought up in someone’s home interact much more with people, which might speed up their communication, says Riemer. To learn more, Riemer and her workmates studied 83 puppies, aged 41 to 52 days, of eight different breeds (品种) that were raised by 11 breeders in their homes. While the breeders were present, Riemer — with whom the puppies were familiar — took each dog into an unknown room of its home. She then presented each puppy with an unsolvable task or a colorful, battery-operated toy looking like a paper bag, which she thought the puppies would be scared of. For the task, the puppies first learned that food was under an overturned plastic cup, but it was later stuck down and couldn’t be knocked over. The researchers recorded if the puppies looked between either the toy or the stuck cup and a person’s face within 2 seconds. They found that 69 percent of them alternated their gaze with the toy and 46 percent did so with the stuck cup. The findings suggest that puppies often try to communicate with people when they have benefited from repeated and early positive interactions (互动) with humans earlier, says Kristy Gould at Luther College in Iowa. 34．At what age are puppies able to request help by alternating their gaze? A．Less than 6 weeks old. B．At least 6 weeks old. C．8 to 10 months old. D．As young adults. 35．What was unclear about the research into puppies in 2021? A．Whether puppies could understand human language. B．Whether puppies could make eye contact with people. C．Whether puppies could start communication on their own. D．Whether puppies respond to human communication efforts. 36．Why do kennel-raised puppies communicate with humans later than home-raised ones? A．They don’t interact with humans much. B．They are a totally different breed. C．They are not as intelligent. D．They are not as curious. 37．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To promote responsible pet ownership. B．To compare puppy and baby development. C．To describe a specific puppy training method. D．To present puppies’ early communication skills. 【答案】34．B 35．C 36．A 37．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍李小狗在6周大时就能通过交替目光向人求助，这比人类婴儿开始用目光沟通的年龄还要早。 34．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Puppies are able to request help at just 6 weeks old by repeatedly alternating their gaze (交替注视) between a nearby human and the situation they are struggling with. (幼犬在 6 周大时就能够通过在附近的人类和它们正在挣扎的情况之间反复交替注视来请求帮助)”可知，小狗在至少 6 周大的时候可以通过交替凝视来寻求帮助，故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2021, scientists found that puppies can make eye contact with people and respond to their communication efforts. However, it was unclear whether they could start such communication themselves.(2021 年，科学家发现小狗可以与人进行眼神交流并对他们的交流做出回应。然而，尚不清楚它们是否可以自己开始这种沟通)”可知，2021 年对小狗的研究不清楚的地方是：小狗是否可以开始自己交流。故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据第三段“Dogs raised in kennels (犬舍) generally only start communicating with humans via their gaze on purpose as young adults. But puppies brought up in someone’s home interact much more with people, which might speed up their communication, says Riemer.(犬舍中饲养的狗通常只有在年轻时才开始有目的地通过目光与人类交流。但里默说，在别人家里长大的小狗与人的互动要多得多，这可能会加快它们的交流速度。)”可推知，狗舍饲养的小狗比家养的小狗更晚与人类交流，这是因为它们与人类互动不多。故选A。 37．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Puppies are able to request help at just 6 weeks old by repeatedly alternating their gaze (交替注视) between a nearby human and the situation they are struggling with. That is even younger than when babies start communicating that way, when adjusting for differences in how the two species mature, says Stefanie Riemer at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria. (小狗在 6 周大时就能够通过在附近的人类和它们正在挣扎的情况之间反复交替注视来请求帮助。奥地利维也纳兽医大学的斯蒂芬妮·里默表示，在适应两个物种成熟方式的差异时，这甚至比婴儿开始以这种方式进行交流的时间更早。)”可知，文章主要介绍李小狗在6周大时就能通过交替目光向人求助，这比人类婴儿开始用目光沟通的年龄还要早。由此可推知，本文的目的是展示小狗的早期沟通技巧。故选D。 Passage 10 （2025学年高一上·广东茂名·阶段练习）Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world — Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey — rats will soon be man’s new best friends. What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs, why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat . How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. when this happens, the rat’ brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’ s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person. Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell university, New York, says,“ Robots, noses don’ t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity! The “rat project ” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’ t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course). 38．Why will rats become popular in the world earthquake capitals? A．They can get into small spaces. B．They can take the place of man’s rescue jobs. C．They can find food for survivors trapped in buildings. D．They can get the place of survivors trapped in buildings. 39．How can rescuers judge a person who is alive? A．By the noise made by the rat. B．By the rat’s unusual behaviour. C．By the signal sent by the radio on the rat. D．By the smell given off by the person trapped. 40．What do we know from the text? A．People are happy to see a rat in a building. B．The “rat project” has been completed already. C．People still use dogs and robots in rescue work. D．Rats have replaced dogs in searching for people. 41．What is the best title for the text? A．Rules in the Earthquake B．The Role Rats will play in the Earthquake C．Ways of Rescuing people D．The Reason for not using Dogs 【答案】38．D 39．C 40．C 41．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了老鼠未来能在地震中所扮演的角色。 38．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But in the earthquake capitals of the world — Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey — rats will soon be man’s new best friends.(但在世界地震之都——日本、洛杉矶，土耳其——将很快成为人类最好的新朋友)”和第二段“Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.(狗能拯救生命。它们帮助救援人员找到活着的人。但是狗很大，它们无法进入狭小的空间。因此，现在一项新的研究项目正在使用一种较小的动物来拯救生命：老鼠)”可知，在世界地震之都，老鼠将变得受欢迎，因为它们可以找到被困在建筑物中的幸存者的位置。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive.(这些信号被发送到它背上的一个小型无线电设备上，然后救援人员就能追踪无线电信号。当老鼠的大脑活动跳跃时，救援人员就知道有人还活着)”可知，救援人员可以通过老鼠身上的无线电信号来判断一个人是否还活着。故选C。 40．推理判断题。 根据文章第二段“What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs, why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives.(地震后会发生什么？我们派出搜救犬，为什么？因为它们能闻到人的味道。狗能拯救生命)”和文章倒数第二段“Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better.(虽然已经有机器人可以做这项工作，但老鼠做得更好)”可推知，人们在救援工作中仍然使用狗和机器人。故选C。 41．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But in the earthquake capitals of the world — Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey — rats will soon be man’s new best friends.(但在世界地震之都——日本、洛杉矶，土耳其——将很快成为人类最好的新朋友)”和下文可知，这篇文章阐述的是关于老鼠未来能在地震中所扮演的角色。B项“老鼠在地震中扮演的角色”为最佳标题，故选B。 Passage 11 （2025学年高一上·江苏盐城·期末）Cooler, higher places may not be very welcoming to some hummingbirds (蜂鸟) trying to escape rising temperatures and other effects of climate change. Anna’s hummingbirds live no higher than about 2,600 meters above sea level. If the birds attempt to expand (扩大) their range to include higher altitudes (海拔), they may struggle to fly well in the thinner air, researchers reported in the Journal of Experimental Biology. These hummingbirds have expanded their range in the past. Once only found in Southern California, the birds now live as far north as Vancouver, says Austin Spence, an ecologist at the University of California, Davis. That expansion is probably due to climate change and people using feeders to attract hummingbirds, he says. Spence and colleagues collected 26 Anna’s hummingbirds from different altitudes in the bird’s natural range in California. The team transported the birds to a place about 1,200 meters above sea level and measured their metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate when hovering (盘旋). After relocating the hummingbirds to a field station at an altitude of 3,800 meters, the researchers let the birds rest for at least 12 hours and then measured that rate again. The rate was 37 percent lower, on average, at the higher altitudes, even though the birds should have been working harder to fly in the thinner air. At higher altitudes, hovering, which takes a lot of energy compared with other forms of flight, is more challenging and requires even more energy, Spence says. The decrease in metabolic rate shows that the birds’ hovering performance was suffering, he says “Low oxygen and low air pressure may be holding them back as they try to move upward.” Additional work is needed to see whether the birds might be able to better adjust (适应) if given weeks or months to adapt to the conditions at gradually higher altitudes. 42．What factor may have contributed to the expansion of Anna’s Hummingbirds’ range? A．Human use of feeders. B．A lack of food sources. C．A decrease in temperature. D．A shift in migration patterns. 43．How did scientists study the effects of high altitude on hummingbirds? A．By monitoring their feeding behaviors. B．By comparing their different forms of flight. C．By measuring their metabolic rate while hovering. D．By observing their adaptability to a new environment. 44．Which best describes Anna’s hummingbirds’ hovering performance at higher altitudes? A．Energetic. B．Recovered. C．Unaffected. D．Weakened. 45．What further research might be conducted about Anna’s hummingbirds? A．Studying the changes in their hunting methods. B．Recording their numbers over an extended period. C．Examining their ability to get used to higher altitudes. D．Investigating the impact of other bird species on their range. 【答案】42．A 43．C 44．D 45．C 【导语】本文是说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了关于安娜蜂鸟的一项科学研究，探讨了这种鸟在气候变化影响下尝试向更高海拔地区迁移时可能面临的问题。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段“That expansion is probably due to climate change and people using feeders to attract hummingbirds, he says.(他说，这种扩张可能是由于气候变化和人们使用喂食器来吸引蜂鸟)”可知，人类使用喂食器是让蜂鸟扩大飞行范围的原因之一，故选A。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team transported the birds to a place about 1,200 meters above sea level and measured their metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate when hovering (盘旋). After relocating the hummingbirds to a field station at an altitude of 3,800 meters, the researchers let the birds rest for at least 12 hours and then measured that rate again.(研究小组将这些鸟运送到海拔约1200米的鸟舍，并测量它们悬停时的代谢率。在将蜂鸟安置到海拔3800米的野外观测站后，研究人员让这些鸟休息至少12小时，然后再次测量这一速度)”可知，科学家通过测量蜂鸟在盘旋时的新陈代谢率来研究高海拔对蜂鸟的影响。故选C。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段“The rate was 37 percent lower, on average, at the higher altitudes, even though the birds should have been working harder to fly in the thinner air. At higher altitudes, hovering, which takes a lot of energy compared with other forms of flight, is more challenging and requires even more energy, Spence says. The decrease in metabolic rate shows that the birds’ hovering performance was suffering, he says “Low oxygen and low air pressure may be holding them back as they try to move upward.”(在高海拔地区，这一比率平均要低37%，尽管鸟类在稀薄的空气中应该更加努力地飞行。斯宾塞说，在更高的高度，与其他形式的飞行相比，悬停需要大量的能量，这更具挑战性，需要更多的能量。代谢率的下降表明这些鸟的悬停性能受到了影响，他说：“低氧和低气压可能会阻碍它们向上移动。”)”可知，蜂鸟在高海拔的盘旋性能是减弱的，故选D。 45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Additional work is needed to see whether the birds might be able to better adjust (适应) if given weeks or months to adapt to the conditions at gradually higher altitudes.(如果给予它们几周或几个月的时间来适应海拔逐渐升高的环境，它们是否能够更好地适应，还需要进一步的研究)”可知，安娜的蜂鸟适应更高海拔的能力需要进一步研究。故选C。 Passage 12 （2025学年高一上·湖南衡阳·期末）Scientists on a National Geographic research trip to the Solomon Islands have discovered the world’s largest coral (珊瑚). The single coral colony (群), made up of around one billion tiny animals, is so large that it can be seen from space. Though underwater corals may look like rocks, they are actually made out of millions of tiny animals called coral polyps (珊瑚虫). Together, the polyps form a colony. A coral reef (礁) is normally built out of lots of colonies of different kinds. But in this case, scientists discovered a giant structure built entirely out of one species of coral. All of the coral polyps in this colony are the same kind. And the researchers believe this colony includes about one billion coral polyps. The coral colony is 34 meters wide and 32 meters long, and about 5.5 meters high. It is believed to be between 300 and 500 years old. The coral colony is mostly brown, but it also has yellow, blue, and red spots. The coral colony is home to many kinds of sea life, including shrimp, crabs, and different kinds of fish. The newly discovered coral colony sits in water that’s around 10 meters deep, and seems to be doing well — even when many other corals aren’t. In recent years, coral reefs around the world have been damaged by rising ocean temperatures caused by global warming. This is often called coral bleaching because huge areas of corals can turn white as they die. As of 2023, around 75% of the world’s coral reefs have been affected by coral bleaching. Since this giant coral colony is doing well, that may mean that it can survive in warmer temperatures. Clearly, it had to be strong to remain alive for hundreds of years. As one scientist said, “Anything old is really good at surviving.” That could be good news: It might mean that the colony will be able to produce new corals that can survive in warmer waters. 46．What is special about the newly discovered coral colony? A．It is found around the islands. B．It has many sea animals on it. C．It is made up of the same kind of coral. D．It includes colonies of various types of coral. 47．What is paragraph 3 mainly about the newly discovered coral colony? A．Its basic facts. B．Its poor situation. C．Its history of growth. D．Its living environment. 48．Which word can best describe the situation of the corals in the ocean now? A．Uncertain. B．Pleasing. C．Lively. D．Worrying. 49．Why is this new discovery important? A．It gives us hope for the survival of coral. B．It proves to be a totally new type of coral. C．It shows ancient animals are good at surviving. D．It helps us find ways to control ocean warming. 【答案】46．C 47．A 48．D 49．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。国家地理杂志的科学家们在罗门群岛进行考察时，发现了世界上最大的珊瑚群。文章介绍了该珊瑚群的基本信息和重要性。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But in this case, scientists discovered a giant structure built entirely out of one species of coral. All of the coral polyps in this colony are the same kind.(但在这种情况下，科学家们发现了一个完全由一种珊瑚建造的巨大结构。该群落中的所有珊瑚虫都是同一种类。)”可知，新发现的珊瑚群的特别之处在于，它是由同一种珊瑚组成的。故选C。 47．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The coral colony is 34 meters wide and 32 meters long, and about 5.5 meters high. It is believed to be between 300 and 500 years old. The coral colony is mostly brown, but it also has yellow, blue, and red spots. The coral colony is home to many kinds of sea life, including shrimp, crabs, and different kinds of fish. The newly discovered coral colony sits in water that’s around 10 meters deep, and seems to be doing well — even when many other corals aren’t.(珊瑚群宽34米，长32米，高约5.5米。据信它有300到500年的历史。珊瑚群大多呈棕色，但也有黄色、蓝色和红色斑点。珊瑚群是多种海洋生物的家园，包括虾、蟹和不同种类的鱼。新发现的珊瑚群坐落在约 10 米深的水中，看起来状况良好，即使许多其​​他珊瑚状况不佳。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了新发现的珊瑚群的一些基本事实，故选A。 48．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In recent years, coral reefs around the world have been damaged by rising ocean temperatures caused by global warming. This is often called coral bleaching because huge areas of corals can turn white as they die. As of 2023, around 75% of the world’s coral reefs have been affected by coral bleaching.(近年来，全球变暖导致海洋温度上升，世界各地的珊瑚礁遭到破坏。这通常被称为珊瑚白化，因为大面积的珊瑚在死亡时会变白。截至2023年，全球约75%的珊瑚礁受到珊瑚白化的影响。)”可推知，现在海洋中珊瑚的状况令人担忧，故选D。 49．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since this giant coral colony is doing well, that may mean that it can survive in warmer temperatures. Clearly, it had to be strong to remain alive for hundreds of years. As one scientist said, “Anything old is really good at surviving.” That could be good news: It might mean that the colony will be able to produce new corals that can survive in warmer waters.(由于这个巨大的珊瑚群落状况良好，这可能意味着它可以在较温暖的温度下生存。显然，它必须坚固才能存活数百年。正如一位科学家所说：“任何古老的东西都非常善于生存。”这可能是个好消息：这可能意味着该珊瑚群将能够产生能够在温暖水域中生存的新珊瑚。)”可推知，这个新发现的珊瑚群很重要是因为它给了我们珊瑚生存的希望。故选A。 Passage 13 （2025学年高一上·湖南长沙·期末）Images of an adult wild giant panda were recorded in an artificially (人工地) built birthing den (巢穴) for the very first time in Deyang City, southwest China’s Sichuan Province, marking a new breakthrough in the conservation (保护) of small panda populations. “The den is located on a gentle slope 1,700 meters above sea level, surrounded by thick bamboo forests with plenty of food,” said Lin Lihong, deputy head of the Mianzhu management station of the Giant Panda National Park. Experts from the Deyang Management Bureau of the park explained that while the overall situation for giant panda conservation is positive, one of the current challenges is that wild giant pandas are divided into several populations that have difficulty interacting with each other, leading to a lack of genetic (基因的) exchange and the risk of the number of small populations dropping. In suitable locations within the park, the local researchers have constructed dens using tree trunks, bamboo branches and moss, placed infrared (红外线的) monitoring cameras inside, covered them with soil to hide human smells, and dug small ponds for pandas to easily access water. The ten artificial dens are spread in areas ranging from 1,700 meters to 3,000 meters above sea level, with the most dangerous ones requiring moving downwards via a zip line from another mountain. Collecting data from all dens requires a seven-day tiring walk. Recent data collected shows that in June of this year, a wild giant panda came to “inspect” one of the dens. “From the monitoring results, there has been no negative reaction from the giant panda to the artificial den. Whether it will further choose this place to reproduce and give birth will require continuous monitoring and assessment of the panda’s use of the artificial den,” said Zhao Weihong, deputy director of the park’s Deyang management bureau. 50．What challenge does Paragraph 3 mention? A．Pandas have no enough food to eat. B．Technology aren’t the most updated. C．Pandas don’t have enough places to live. D．The interactions between panda groups are limited. 51．What can be learnt about the man-made constructed dens? A．Human smells can’t be sensed. B．They are above the same sea level. C．Recording equipment is placed outside. D．They are made with bamboo branches only. 52．What does the underlined word “inspect” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Locate. B．Examine. C．Admire. D．Monitor. 53．What best describes the dens’ data-collecting work? A．Relaxing. B．Boring. C．Challenging. D．Convenient. 【答案】50．D 51．A 52．B 53．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在中国四川省德阳市，研究人员为野生大熊猫建造了人工繁殖巢穴，并介绍了建造人工巢穴的目的、人工巢穴的建造和位置、收集数据的困难以及大熊猫对人工巢穴的反应。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段“one of the current challenges is that wild giant pandas are divided into several populations that have difficulty interacting with each other, leading to a lack of genetic exchange and the risk of the number of small populations dropping.(当前的挑战之一是，野生大熊猫被分成几个种群，它们之间难以相互交流，导致缺乏基因交流，以及小种群数量下降的风险)”可知，第三段提到的挑战是熊猫群体之间的互动有限。故选D。 51．细节理解题。根据第四段“In suitable locations within the park, the local researchers have constructed dens using tree trunks, bamboo branches and moss, placed infrared (红外线的) monitoring cameras inside, covered them with soil to hide human smells, and dug small ponds for pandas to easily access water.(在公园内合适的地点，当地研究人员利用树干、竹枝和苔藓搭建了巢穴，并在巢穴内安置了红外线监控摄像头，然后用土壤覆盖以掩盖人类的气味，同时还挖掘了小池塘，以便大熊猫能够轻松获取水源)”可知，可知，关于人工建造的巢穴，我们可以了解到闻不到人类的气味。故选A。 52．词句猜测题。根据下文““From the monitoring results, there has been no negative reaction from the giant panda to the artificial den. Whether it will further choose this place to reproduce and give birth will require continuous monitoring and assessment of the panda’s use of the artificial den,” said Zhao Weihong, deputy director of the park’s Deyang management bureau.(“从监测结果来看，大熊猫对人工巢穴没有产生负面反应。至于它是否会进一步选择这个地方来繁殖和产崽，还需要对大熊猫使用人工巢穴的情况进行持续监测和评估，”公园德阳管理局副局长赵卫红表示)”可知，划线句子指今年6月，一只野生大熊猫前来检查其中一个巢穴，下文描述了监测结果。由此可知，划线单词inspect的意思是“检查；审视”。故选B。 53．推理判断题。根据第五段“The ten artificial dens are spread in areas ranging from 1,700 meters to 3,000 meters above sea level, with the most dangerous ones requiring moving downwards via a zip line from another mountain. Collecting data from all dens requires a seven-day tiring walk.(这10个人工巢穴分布在海拔1700米至3000米的区域，其中最危险的巢穴需要从另一座山通过滑索向下移动。从所有巢穴收集数据需要7天疲惫的步行)”可知，巢穴的数据收集工作是有挑战性的。故选C。 Passage 14 （2025学年高一上·广东中山·阶段练习）Tom Fear was driving home on Hutchinson River Parkway last week when he thought he saw a large bag in the roadway. As he got closer; he realized it was not a bag but a bald eagle. He stopped his car at the roadside, and carefully walked into the roadway to hold up the bird with his hands. “It didn’t resist (反抗) at all. I had my arms crossed. Its head was more or less lying on my arm. It was not in great shape.” Two women pulled over after seeing the 52-year-old with the bird and called the police, who contacted animal control expert Jim Horton from QualityPro Pest & Wildlife Services. He said it’s the second time in the last few months that his company has been contacted to help an eagle in trouble. Horton said it’s great what Fear did for the bird, calling it “a once-in-a-lifetime thing. ” Missy Runyan, from the Friends of the Feathered and Furry Wildlife Center Incorporated, an organization in nearby Hunter, said the bird was first thought to be hit by a car but there was no wound. It was, however, suffering from lead poisoning (铅中毒) , which influences its eyesight. “It’s likely that it hit a tree or something with its wing, leaving it grounded,” said Runyan, who’s been taking care of injured eagles for the past 15 years. Runyan said a wildlife officer was actually looking for the eagle after someone had called earlier in the day but it could not be found. She realized it was the same bird after the other call came in about it. Runyan, who is treating seven eagles now, said the infection (感染) in the eagle’s wing is being treated and it should be good to fly away in about a month and a half. 54．Which of the following can best describe Fear? A．Hard-working. B．Easy-going. C．Well-educated. D．Kind-hearted. 55．What did the two women do after seeing Fear? A．They asked the police for help. B．They took care of the bald eagle. C．They called an animal control expert. D．They sent the bird to an animal center. 56．What did Runyan talk about in paragraph 3? A．What she did for a living. B．The results of lead poisoning. C．Why the eagle was wounded. D．The knowledge of saving eagles. 57．How is Runyan helping the eagle? A．By training it to fly. B．By treating its infection. C．By learning where it came from. D．By reporting it to a wildlife officer. 【答案】54．D 55．A 56．C 57．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位名叫Tom Fear的52岁男子在驾车回家的路上发现了一只受伤的秃鹰，他停下车并小心翼翼地将其救起，并提到其他行人和动物控制专家对秃鹰做的努力。目前，这只鹰正在接受治疗，预计一个半月后就能恢复飞翔能力。文章通过这一事件，展现了人们的善良和对野生动物的关爱。 54．推理判断题。由文章第一段的描述“Tom Fear was driving home on Hutchinson River Parkway last week when he thought he saw a large bag in the roadway. As he got closer; he realized it was not a bag but a bald eagle. He stopped his car at the roadside, and carefully walked into the roadway to hold up the bird with his hands.(汤姆·费尔上周在霍奇基森河公园大道上开车回家时，以为他看到路上有一个大袋子。当他靠近时，他意识到那不是袋子而是一只秃鹰。他把车停在路边，小心翼翼地走进车道，用手托起了这只鸟)”以及第二段动物控制专家Jim Horton的评价“He said it’s great what Fear did for the bird, calling it “a once-in-a-lifetime thing.(他说费尔为这只鸟所做的事非常伟大，称之为“一生一次的事情”)”可以看出，Fear是一个心地善良的人，他在遇到需要帮助的动物时主动伸出援手。因此，最能描述Fear的是D项（心地善良的）。故选D项。 55．细节理解题。由文章第二段中提到的“Two women pulled over after seeing the 52-year-old with the bird and called the police, who contacted animal control expert Jim Horton from QualityPro Pest & Wildlife Services.(两名女性在看到52岁的费尔和那只鸟后将车停到一边，并打电话给警察，警察联系了来自QualityPro害虫和野生动物服务公司的动物控制专家吉姆·霍顿)”可以得知，这两名女性是向警察求助了。故选A项。 56．细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Missy Runyan, from the Friends of the Feathered and Furry Wildlife Center Incorporated, an organization in nearby Hunter, said the bird was first thought to be hit by a car but there was no wound.(来自附近亨特市Feathered and Furry野生动物保护中心协会的Missy Runyan说，这只鸟最初被认为是被车撞了，但没有伤口)”和Missy Runyan的话“‘It’s likely that it hit a tree or something with its wing, leaving it grounded,’ said Runyan(Runyan说：“它很可能是用翅膀撞到了树或其他东西，导致它无法飞翔。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了Runyan对于这只秃鹰受伤原因的分析，即铅中毒导致视力受损，可能是用翅膀撞到了树或其他东西。因此，Runyan解释了这只鹰受伤的原因。故选C项。 57．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Runyan, who is treating seven eagles now, said the infection (感染) in the eagle’s wing is being treated and it should be good to fly away in about a month and a half.(目前治疗七只鹰的鲁尼恩说，这只鹰翅膀上的感染正在接受治疗，大约一个半月后它应该能够飞走)”可以看出，Runyan正在通过治疗其感染来帮助这只鹰。故选B项。 Passage 15 （2025学年高一上·福建福州·阶段练习）Rescue workers had collected 820 birds from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the majority of them already dead. The current spill promises to be the largest in US history, and as cleanup efforts stretch across the summer, it’s clear that more oiled birds will be found, stuck and suffering in the black stick liquid. And as they do with every oil spill, rescue workers will go to great lengths to capture and clean the survivors hoping to restore them to their natural habitat. Is it worth the effort? Some scientists aren’t so sure. Because the stress of being captured and bathed is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, and because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts say euthanasia (安乐死) is a more humane option. Clean bird feathers repel water (防水) and regulate body temperature while dirty ones don’t. Oil in particular makes feathers heavier and decreases their ability to trap air, which in turn makes birds weak and become easier to drowning, overheating and organ damage. Of course, being captured and cleaned is no picnic either. Some birds wind up returning to their destroyed habitats only to fall victim to the oil again. And those who manage to avoid a second oil bath suffer dramatically shortened life spans (跨度) and lower reproductive success. Of the thousands of birds that were rescued from the Prestige oil spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only 600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in captivity. However, bird rescuers say they have learned a lot about how to best help oil-soaked birds, and that therefore, survival rates stand to increase this time around. In the past, birds were cleaned right away, and volunteers often worked through the night bathing rescued birds. But now, captured birds are left to rest for a day or two before being cleaned, and only washed during the day, so as not to disrupt their circadian (生理的) rhythms. But part of that increase may be due to greater selectivity on the part of rescuers. The workers do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) or don’t look like they’re going to make it are put down right away, rather than subjected to the stress of captivity and cleaning. And so far, while release rates may be improving, there is little evidence of better medium or long-term survival, especially for the more-difficult-to-save species. There still aren’t good protocols (协议) for repairing the internal organ damage. Anyway, rescue efforts will continue in large part because the public demands that. Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do, especially for people who have built their lives around saving animals. 58．Why do some scientists doubt the effort to rescue oiled birds? A．Because it has cost too much time and money. B．Because human may be infected with the bird virus. C．Because it is torture followed by death to birds. D．Because migrant birds may broaden the pollution. 59．The case of Spain coast spill is mentioned to indicate ________. A．thousands of birds were polluted by oil B．the survival rate of oiled birds was very low C．the efforts to rescue oiled birds were ineffective D．captivity is an impractical method to rescue binds 60．Why do the survival rates of oiled birds increase? A．Oiled birds are kept in warm water for one or two days B．The second cleaning of the oiled birds in daytime is not permitted C．The rescuers often select the birds that are likely to survive D．Hydrocarbons are removed to rescue the oiled birds 61．Why does oiled birds’ rescue remain a controversial problem? A．Oiled birds’ internal organ damage is permanent. B．Euthanasia is a difficult and heart-aching operation. C．The more-difficult-to-save species will die by cleaning. D．The rescue is oiled birds’ suffering while seeing them die is cruel. 62．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The process of rescuing oiled birds and its challenges. B．The debate over the value and effectiveness of rescuing oiled birds. C．The different methods used in rescuing oiled birds. D．The long-term survival situation of rescued oiled birds. 【答案】58．C 59．B 60．C 61．D 62．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对于拯救被油污的鸟类这一行为的价值和有效性存在争议，一些科学家认为安乐死是更人道的选择，而救援人员则在不断改进方法提高存活率。 58．细节理解题。根据第二段“Because the stress of being captured and bathed is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, and because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts say euthanasia (安乐死) is a more humane option.(因为被捕获和洗澡的压力和浸泡在石油中的恐惧一样大，而且因为研究表明许多获救的鸟类在被释放后不久就死亡了，一些专家说安乐死是一个更人道的选择)”可知，一些科学家怀疑拯救被石油污染的鸟类的努力是因为对鸟类来说，这是一种折磨，随之而来的是死亡。故选C。 59．推理判断题。根据第三段“Of course, being captured and cleaned is no picnic either. Some birds wind up returning to their destroyed habitats only to fall victim to the oil again. And those who manage to avoid a second oil bath suffer dramatically shortened life spans (跨度) and lower reproductive success. Of the thousands of birds that were rescued from the Prestige oil spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only 600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in captivity.(当然，被捕获和清洗也不是一件轻松的事。一些鸟类最终回到它们被破坏的栖息地，只是再次成为石油的受害者。而那些设法避免第二次油浴的则会大大缩短寿命，生育成功率也会降低。2002年，从西班牙海岸漏油事故中获救的数千只鸟中，只有600只被放归野外；剩下的大多数鸟在被囚禁几天后就死了)”可知，西班牙海岸泄漏的案例被提及，以表明油污鸟的存活率很低。故选B。 60．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The workers do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) or don’t look like they’re going to make it are put down right away, rather than subjected to the stress of captivity and cleaning.(工人们现在就在现场做血液测试，那些含有碳氢化合物或看起来不太可能成功的鸟会被立即杀死，而不是承受圈养和清洁的压力)”可知，油污鸟的存活率会增加是因为救助者通常选择那些有可能存活下来的鸟。故选C。 61．推理判断题。根据第二段“Is it worth the effort? Some scientists aren’t so sure. Because the stress of being captured and bathed is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, and because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts say euthanasia (安乐死) is a more humane option.(这样做值得吗？一些科学家对此并不确定。因为被捕获和洗澡的压力和浸泡在油里的恐惧一样大，而且因为研究表明许多获救的鸟类在被释放后不久就死亡了，一些专家说安乐死是一个更人道的选择)”以及最后一段“Anyway, rescue efforts will continue in large part because the public demands that. Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do, especially for people who have built their lives around saving animals.(无论如何，救援工作将继续下去，这在很大程度上是因为公众的要求。安乐死是一件很难做到的事情，尤其是对那些以拯救动物为生活基础的人来说)”可知，一方面拯救被油污的鸟会给它们带来痛苦，另一方面看着它们死去又很残忍，所以拯救被油污的鸟仍然是一个有争议的问题，故选D。 62．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Is it worth the effort? Some scientists aren’t so sure. Because the stress of being captured and bathed is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, and because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts say euthanasia (安乐死) is a more humane option.(这样做值得吗？一些科学家对此并不确定。因为被捕获和洗澡的压力和浸泡在油里的恐惧一样大，而且因为研究表明许多获救的鸟类在被释放后不久就死亡了，一些专家说安乐死是一个更人道的选择)”结合文章主要讲述了对于拯救被油污的鸟类这一行为的价值和有效性存在争议，一些科学家认为安乐死是更人道的选择，而救援人员则在不断改进方法提高存活率，即这篇文章的主旨是关于拯救被石油污染的鸟类的价值和有效性的争论。故选B。 Ⅱ阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 （2025学年高一上·广东·阶段练习）No matter where you go, you’ll notice something special about the trees — the fact that their bottoms are painted white. At first glance, it could look like damage. After all, why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white? 1 And while it has been around for ages, people are still confused by this strange yet interesting phenomenon. Generally speaking, the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects. 2 Let’s check them out! Sun burnt. You might sometimes notice that some chunks of a tree’s bark buckle and look as if they are about to fall. In gardening terms, that process is called Winter Sun Scald or Southwest Injury and usually occurs during the tree’s beginning growth. But what causes this phenomenon? Simply put, Sun Scald happens in areas such as New Mexico, where there is intense (强烈的) sun exposure, and the temperatures vary wildly between day and night. 3 In other words, once you whitewash your young trees, their trunks’ surfaces won’t get dry and cracked as easily anymore. Heat protection. 4 Why? Because white paint acts as a protector that reflects the heat and allows the tree to spend more time on transpiration (蒸腾作用) and growing their fruits. Additionally, when trees are cooler, they have less stress, which makes their stomata (气孔) stay open a bit longer for the exchange of gases. That’s extremely important because the more carbon dioxide the trees take in, the more energy they create. 5 More often than not, a tree’s bark will crack, allowing insects to creep inside. Once that happens, bacteria will feed on the tree's inner body, preventing its growth and eventually killing it. As a result, whitewashing mixtures contain three parts water and one part interior latex paint (室内乳胶). The paint itself prevents insects from crawling up the tree and entering inside through the cracks. A．Illness and pests. B．Tree’s recovery. C．People whitewash trees for a variety of reasons. D．Fortunately, painting a tree’s trunk white is similar to adding sunscreen. E．Yet, whitewashing is anything but that, as it is actually pretty important! F．Painting the base of a young tree will also help it remain cool in the spring. G．However, depending on the area, there are many other reasons for whitewashing the trees. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．D 4．F 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树木底部被涂成白色的原因。 1．根据上文“At first glance, it could look like damage. After all, why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white?(乍一看，这看起来像是损坏。毕竟，为什么会有人把树干涂成白色呢？)”可知，此处表示疑问，人们不明白为什么要把树干涂成白色。而选项E“然而，把树涂成白色绝非如此，因为它实际上非常重要”承接上文，解释了把树干涂成白色的重要性，且“Yet”表示转折，与前文形成转折关系。故选E。 2．根据上文“Generally speaking, the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects.(一般来说，把树涂成白色的目的是保护树木免受高温和昆虫的侵害)”可知，此处提到了把树涂成白色的一个原因。而选项G“然而，根据地区不同，把树涂成白色还有很多其他原因”引出下文对把树涂成白色其他原因的介绍，与上文衔接紧密。故选G。 3．根据上文“Simply put, Sun Scald happens in areas such as New Mexico, where there is intense (强烈的) sun exposure, and the temperatures vary wildly between day and night.(简而言之，Sun Scald（日灼）发生在新墨西哥州等地区，那里阳光强烈，昼夜温差很大)”可知，此处提到了日灼发生的原因，即阳光强烈。而选项D“幸运的是，把树干涂成白色就像涂防晒霜一样”承接上文，解释了把树干涂成白色可以像涂防晒霜一样保护树木免受阳光的强烈照射。故选D。 4．根据下文“Because white paint acts as a protector that reflects the heat and allows the tree to spend more time on transpiration (蒸腾作用) and growing their fruits.(因为白色油漆可以起到保护作用，反射热量，让树木有更多的时间进行蒸腾作用和结果)”可知，此处提到了白色油漆可以反射热量，使树木保持凉爽。而选项F“在春天，把一棵小树的底部涂成白色也有助于它保持凉爽”引出下文对白色油漆可以使树木保持凉爽的进一步解释，且“remain cool”与下文的“reflects the heat”相呼应。故选F。 5．根据下文“More often than not, a tree’s bark will crack, allowing insects to creep inside.(很多时候，树皮会裂开，让昆虫爬进去)”可知，此处提到了害虫对树木的危害。而选项A“疾病和害虫”引出下文对害虫危害树木的具体描述，且“pests”与下文的“ insects to creep inside”相呼应。故选A。 Passage 2 （2025学年高一上·湖南·阶段练习）It’s widely recognized that pets can help support humans’ health and well-being, but the benefits should be mutual (相互的). Our pets are not tools to support humans’ health. 6 Here is how keeping pets makes you both get healthier and happier. ※It increases physical well-being. Regular physical activity is closely connected with many health benefits, both for people and pets. Walking is a cost-effective and relatively easy way for most dog owners to improve the physical health and general well-being of both the pets and their owners. 7 For humans, it is a great way to stay physically active. ※It helps make two-and four-legged friends. Taking your pet out for a walk might have more health benefits than just exercise. Research suggests that pets help create relationships with other pet owners and animal lovers. For example, it is easier for pet owners to get to know other people in their local area as they have to go outdoors to walk the pets. 8 ※It brings relaxation. Research has shown that the physical presence of pets can bring down humans’ blood pressure and heart rate during a tough task-more so than the presence of a family member or friend. 9 But pets, too, benefit much from their owners’ company. In their owners’ presence, pets can be calm and they do enjoy their affection (喜爱). ※ 10 Animal doctors find that pets are getting fatter and fatter now. This matches the situation in the human population, where diet and exercise are seen as two key contributing factors (因素). The reason is simple. Owners may do harm to their pets’ health because of the same poor diet and exercise habits that cause their own health problems. By supporting people to make better decisions for their pets, it might also be possible to encourage healthier eating for the people. A．It teaches responsibility. B．It improves dietary decisions. C．They can feel things and should be treated with care and respect. D．It means that pets can bring comfort, safety and support for their owners. E．As a result, they are less likely to experience loneliness than people with no pets. F．For pets, walking provides necessary exercise, which can help keep a healthy weight. G．They remind us of the simple pleasures in life and the importance of living in the moment. 【答案】6．C 7．F 8．E 9．D 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了养宠物如何让宠物主人和宠物双方变得更健康、更快乐的方法。 6．上文“It’s widely recognized that pets can help support humans’ health and well-being, but the benefits should be mutual (相互的). Our pets are not tools to support humans’ health.(广泛认为，宠物可以帮助支持人类的健康和福祉，但这些益处应该是相互的。我们的宠物不是用来支持人类健康的工具)”提到养宠物的好处应该是相互的，宠物不是工具，结合下文“Here is how keeping pets makes you both get healthier and happier.(以下是养宠物如何让你们双方变得更健康、更快乐的方法)”可知，空处是说我们也需要关心宠物的健康，给宠物带来快乐，C项“他们能感觉到东西，应该被关心和尊重”承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 7．上文“Walking is a cost-effective and relatively easy way for most dog owners to improve the physical health and general well-being of both the pets and their owners.(对于大多数狗主人来说，散步是一种经济实惠且相对简单的方式，可以改善宠物和主人的身体健康和总体幸福感)”提到散步可以改善宠物和主人的身体健康和总体幸福感，下文“For humans, it is a great way to stay physically active.(对人类来说，这是保持身体活跃的好方法)”提到了散步对主人的好处，空处应是说散步对宠物的好处，F项“对于宠物来说，散步是必要的锻炼，有助于保持健康的体重”符合语境，故选F。 8．根据上文“Research suggests that pets help create relationships with other pet owners and animal lovers. For example, it is easier for pet owners to get to know other people in their local area as they have to go outdoors to walk the pets.(研究表明，宠物有助于与其他宠物主人和动物爱好者建立关系。例如，宠物主人更容易认识当地的其他人，因为他们不得不去户外遛宠物)”可知，养宠物有助于宠物主人认识其他养宠物的人，建立关系，E项“因此，他们比没有宠物的人更不容易感到孤独”承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 9．上文“Research has shown that the physical presence of pets can bring down humans’ blood pressure and heart rate during a tough task-more so than the presence of a family member or friend.(研究表明，在一项艰巨的任务中，宠物的存在比家人或朋友的存在更能降低人类的血压和心率)”提到，在一项艰巨的任务中，宠物的存在比家人或朋友的存在更能降低人类的血压和心率，D项“这意味着宠物可以给他们的主人带来舒适、安全和支持”进一步阐述上文提到的宠物带来的好处，符合语境，故选D。 10．根据本段中“By supporting people to make better decisions for their pets, it might also be possible to encourage healthier eating for the people.(通过支持人们为他们的宠物做出更好的决定，也有可能鼓励人们吃得更健康)”可知，本段和饮食健康有关，B项“它能改善饮食决定”适合作为段落小标题，故选B。 Passage 3 （2025学年高一上·江苏南通·期中）People are spending like never before on their pets There is little, it seems that people won’t do for their pets. This is not limited to any particular country or region. 11 That is more than they spent on childcare. In this case, pet industry has become big business. Mars, a company best known for its chocolate bars for pets, made two-thirds of its income last year from pet-care. Besides owning the Royal Canin pet-food brand, the company also operates thousands of vet hospitals. At present, though facing higher prices and a cooling job market, pet owners have been unwilling to cut back on spending for their pets. Morgan Stanley, a bank, predicts pet spending in America will grow by 2.5% this year. The pet business proved similarly strong during the pandemic (疫情), as lonely people adopted (领养) animals and spent generously on them. 12 . Behind that is a change in the relationship between pets and humans. 13 “Pets have gone from the backyard to the living room to the bedroom,” says LoYe Moutault, head of the pet division at Mars. For many, pets are considered family members, and this emotional connection drives spending decisions. 14 Younger owners are more likely to take their pets to the vet more often and to buy them more gifts. About 95% of Gen Z owners (born between 1995 and 2009), surveyed last year by the American Pet Products Association, said they bought their dog a gift at least once a year, compared with 81% of boomers (born between 1946 and 1965). 15 As pets continue to be seen as family members, it is expected that spending on them will remain high. A．There are differences in pet spending across age groups. B．Pet spending were greatly influenced during the pandemic. C．Owners increasingly see themselves as parents, not masters. D．This shows people’s lasting devotion to pet care, even in the face of hard times. E．Dogs, cats and other animals are lucky enough to be welcomed into such families. F．In America, pet spending reached $186 billion last year, covering everything from food to vet visits. G．The average cost of those gifts was about $44 among Gen Z owners while only $17 among boomers. 【答案】11．F 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们在宠物身上的消费呈现出前所未有的高水平这一现象。 11．根据下文“That is more than they spent on childcare. (那比他们在儿童保育上的花费还要多。)”可知，空处应是提到了具体的花费金额，与F项“In America, pet spending reached $186 billion last year, covering everything from food to vet visits. (在美国，去年宠物支出达到1860亿美元，涵盖了从食品到兽医就诊的方方面面。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。 12．根据上文“The pet business proved similarly strong during the pandemic (疫情), as lonely people adopted(领养) animals and spent generously on them. (疫情期间，宠物生意同样强劲，因为孤独的人们领养了动物，并在它们身上慷慨花费。)”可知，在疫情期间人们对宠物消费的态度没有变化，与D项“This shows people’s lasting devotion to pet care, even in the face of hard times. (这表明人们对宠物护理的持久热爱，即使在困难时期也是如此。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。 13．根据下文“For many, pets are considered family members, and this emotional connection drives spending decisions. (对许多人来说，宠物被视为家庭成员，这种情感联系推动了消费决策。)”可知，人们与宠物的关系发生了变化，把宠物当作家庭成员，与C项“Owners increasingly see themselves as parents, not masters. (物主越来越多地将自己视为父母，而不是主人。)”上下文一致，体现了人们与宠物的关系的转变，符合文意，故选C项。 14．根据下文“Younger owners are more likely to take their pets to the vet more often and to buy them more gifts. (年轻的主人更有可能更频繁地带他们的宠物去看兽医，并为它们购买更多的礼物。)”可知，不同年龄的人对与宠物消费的态度不同，与A项“There are differences in pet spending across age groups. (不同年龄段的宠物消费存在差异。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。 15．根据上文“About 95% of Gen Z owners (born between 1995 and 2009), surveyed last year by the American Pet Products Association, said they bought their dog a gift at least once a year, compared with 81% of boomers (born between 1946 and 1965). (美国宠物用品协会去年调查的Z世代主人（出生于1995年至2009年之间）中约有95%表示，他们每年至少给狗买一次礼物，而婴儿潮一代（出生于1946年至1965年之间）的这一比例为81%。)”，可知，两个群里给宠物买礼物的平均花费是不同的，与G项“In America, pet spending reached $186 billion last year, covering everything from food to vet visits. (在美国，去年宠物支出达到1860亿美元，涵盖了从食品到兽医就诊的方方面面。)”上下文一致，是对前文的进一步补充说明，符合文意，故选G项。 Passage 4 （2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Having a dog is good for your health. 16 You need to organize your day well and adjust (调整) it for your dog’s daily walking needs. Here are some safe dog walking tips. 17 Of course, the situation may happen when you badly need to go, for example, to a shop and then you have to leave the dog on a leash (狗链). But you must not often leave the animal like this because you endanger its life. And the dog can be a danger to people on the street. Pick less visited places. When choosing a place for walking with a dog, you had better pick less visited squares and parks, and other less popular areas where there are only a small number of people. 18 Take the best number of walks in a day for your dog. Though even just one walk every day may be enough for smaller dogs, high-energy dogs will need more than that. 19 The question of how much time to walk is also important. The best choice is to prepare at least 40 minutes for a walk with your dog. Take your dog to meetups. Dogs enjoy meetups with other dogs. Plan dog meetups and group-walks for your dog to play with other dogs. Walking in a group means you get to share experiences with other dog owners as well. 20 So take your dog out to meet up with other dogs. It is good for their health. A．Never leave your dog alone on walks. B．So you need to know your dog and find out its energy level. C．The best dog owners are those who often go to different shops. D．However, walking your dog can cost you much time. E．Social meetups help make sure that your dog becomes a friendly pet. F．These are safe places to do fun outdoor games for your dog. G．You, as the owner, should pay attention to everything that your dog eats. 【答案】16．D 17．A 18．F 19．B 20．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了安全遛狗的小贴士。 16．根据前文“Having a dog is good for your health.(养狗对你的健康有益)”以及后文“You need to organize your day well and adjust (调整) it for your dog’s daily walking needs.(你需要很好地安排你的一天，并根据你的狗每天的散步需求进行调整)”可知，这两句话之间需要一个过渡句，说明养狗虽然对健康有好处，但也有一定的付出，特别是时间上的付出。因此，D选项“然而，遛狗会花费你很多时间”符合语境，故选D。 17．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Of course, the situation may happen when you badly need to go, for example, to a shop and then you have to leave the dog on a leash (狗链). But you must not often leave the animal like this because you endanger its life. And the dog can be a danger to people on the street.(当然，这种情况可能发生在你非常需要去某个地方，比如去商店时，你可能需要把狗用狗链拴住。但是你不能经常这样离开动物，因为你会危及它的生命。而且这只狗可能对街上的人构成危险)”可知，本段主要讲述了遛狗时不要单独把狗留下，所以A选项“遛狗时千万不要把狗单独留下”符合语境，故选A。 18．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Pick less visited places. When choosing a place for walking with a dog, you had better pick less visited squares and parks, and other less popular areas where there are only a small number of people.(选择游客较少的地方。在选择遛狗的地方时，你最好选择人迹罕至的广场和公园，以及其他人迹罕至的地方)”可知，空处应对此进行解释说明，说明这些地方是安全的，适合狗狗玩耍。因此，F选项“这些都是安全的地方，可以为你的狗狗做有趣的户外游戏”符合语境，故选F。 19．根据前文“Take the best number of walks in a day for your dog. Though even just one walk every day may be enough for smaller dogs, high-energy dogs will need more than that.(给你的狗狗一天最好的散步次数。虽然对于体型较小的狗来说，每天只散步一次可能就足够了，但高能量的狗需要的不仅仅是这样)”以及后文“The question of how much time to walk is also important. The best choice is to prepare at least 40 minutes for a walk with your dog.(步行的时间也很重要。最好的选择是准备至少40分钟和你的狗一起散步)”可知，此空应承接上文，说明需要了解狗的能量水平，来合理安排遛狗次数。因此，B选项“所以你需要了解你的狗，了解它的能量水平”符合语境，故选B。 20．根据前文“Take your dog to meetups. Dogs enjoy meetups with other dogs. Plan dog meetups and group-walks for your dog to play with other dogs. Walking in a group means you get to share experiences with other dog owners as well.(带你的狗去参加聚会。狗狗喜欢和其他狗狗聚会。计划狗狗聚会和集体散步，让你的狗狗和其他狗狗一起玩耍。在一群人中散步意味着你也可以和其他养狗的人分享经验)”以及后文“So take your dog out to meet up with other dogs. It is good for their health.(所以带你的狗出去和其他狗见面吧。这对他们的健康有好处)”可知，此空应说明狗狗聚会的好处，所以E选项“社交聚会有助于确保你的狗成为一个友好的宠物”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 5 （2025学年高一上·山东济南·开学考试）We all know that fish tanks bring comfort and peace for adults—or at least, we are in a better mood after staring at our fish for a while. But what about kids? 21 Taking care of something that depends on them teaches kids responsibility. It helps them realize that what they do is important and that sometimes things need to get done（like feeding the fish）even when they don't feel like doing it. You can have your child help with cleaning the fish tank. 22 A young child could simply watch and hand you the things you need. Kids in grade school could help clean the outside of the fish tank. Teens could help more with the actual cleaning process. Keeping a fish tank also has a direct effect on kids' mental health. 23 One study has shown that people feel more relaxed and calmer after watching live fish in a tank for five minutes. Interestingly, studies have also shown that watching fish in a tank helps calm kids. So why not bring that experience to your home? 24 One fun part of having a fish tank is choosing from a range of fascinating fish, plants and other decorations. If you can, get kids involved in this process by bringing them along to the fish store with you when you select fish or decorations. You can discuss with your kids about your choices. 25 It might not seem like you're teaching anything—but through these conversations, kids are learning to think creatively. They learn how to select fish for a community tank instead of just picking out a fish because "It's pretty!" A．Let your kid helpers give their input, too! B．To add to the benefits, it inspires creativity. C．Keeping a fish tank brings lots of fun to kids. D．Are kids able to take good care of a fish tank? E．Give them responsibilities that make sense for their age. F．Good news is that owning a fish tank for them has many benefits. G．If you feel better after watching fish, it's not just your imagination! 【答案】21．F 22．E 23．G 24．A 25．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养鱼对孩子的好处。 21．空格前的句子“We all know that fish tanks bring comfort and peace for adults—or at least, we are in a better mood after staring at our fish for a while. But what about kids?(我们都知道鱼缸给成年人带来了舒适和安宁——或者至少，我们盯着我们的鱼看了一会儿后心情会好一些。 但是对孩子们呢? )”说明养鱼的益处的同时，提出了一个问题，“养鱼对孩子们怎么样呢？”，所以，空格处的句子应该是回答这一问题。F项“Good news is that owning a fish tank for them has many benefits.(好消息是，对他们来说，拥有一个鱼缸有很多好处。)”是对上文问题的回答，符合语境。故选F项。 22．根据该段的主题句“Taking care of something that depends on them teaches kids responsibility.(照顾好依赖于自己的东西会教会孩子们责任感。)”和空格前的句子“You can have your child help with cleaning the fish tank.(你可以让你的孩子帮忙清洗鱼缸。)”以及空格后的句子“A young child could simply watch and hand you the things you need. Kids in grade school could help clean the outside of the fish tank. Teens could help more with the actual cleaning process.(一个小孩子可以简单地看着你，然后把你需要的东西递给你。小学生可以帮忙清理鱼缸的外面。青少年可以在实际的清洁过程中提供更多帮助。)”可知，空格处的句子应该和给孩子们责任有关，所以，E项“Give them responsibilities that make sense for their age.(给他们一些适合他们年龄的责任。 )”填入空格处，符合语境。故选E项。 23．根据空格前的句子“Keeping a fish tank also has a direct effect on kids' mental health.(养一个鱼缸对孩子的心理健康也有直接的影响。)”和空格后的句子“One study has shown that people feel more relaxed and calmer after watching live fish in a tank for five minutes. Interestingly, studies have also shown that watching fish in a tank helps calm kids.(一项研究表明，人们在观看鱼缸里的活鱼五分钟后会感到更放松、更平静。 有趣的是，研究还表明，在鱼缸里看鱼有助于让孩子平静下来。)”可知，空格处的句子应该说养鱼对孩子心理健康的作用，所以，G项“If you feel better after watching fish, it's not just your imagination!(如果你看完鱼后感觉好多了，这不仅仅是你的想象! )”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 24．空格处是该段的主题句，根据下文的内容“One fun part of having a fish tank is choosing from a range of fascinating fish, plants and other decorations. If you can, get kids involved in this process by bringing them along to the fish store with you when you select fish or decorations. You can discuss with your kids about your choices.(拥有一个鱼缸的一个有趣的部分是从一系列迷人的鱼，植物和其他装饰品中选择。如果可以的话，让孩子们参与到这个过程中来，当你选择鱼或装饰品的时候，带他们一起去鱼店。你可以和你的孩子讨论你的选择。)”可知，此处是说，应该让孩子参与选择鱼或者装饰品的过程，所以，A项“Let your kid helpers give their input, too!(让你的孩子帮手也提供他们的意见!)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选A项。 25．根据空格后的句子“It might not seem like you're teaching anything—but through these conversations, kids are learning to think creatively.(这看起来好像你没有教什么，但是通过这些对话，孩子们正在学习创造性地思考。)”可知，空格处的句子应该涉及到“养鱼有助于培养孩子的创造性”，所以，B项“To add to the benefits, it inspires creativity.(除此之外，它还能激发创造力。)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选B项。 ( 41 / 45 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$