必修第三册 课时冲关9 Unit 1 Nature in the balance（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

[必修第三册] 课时冲关9 Unit 1 Natu I.阅读理解A 主题语境：人与自然 Mosquitoes can carry various diseases and one of the most popular is dengue(登革热). Dengue is caused by any one of the four related viruses spread by mosquitoes,because of which numerous Filipinos died.One of the easiest ways to prevent mosquitoes is to use repellents.In the market,there are many commercial mosquito re- pellents available.The commonly used repellent in the Philippines is quite unaffordable.Mean- while,it contains chemicals that may cause irrita- tion(刺激).These account for why researchers seek to develop an alternative mosquito repellent. The researchers plan to use natural compo- nents.Since the component is natural,the new mosquito repellent to be made from it is effective yet inexpensive and poses no risks to health or environment.One of the major components being explored is from lemongrass. Lemongrass has natural anti-microbial fea- tures,suitable for use on various types of skin infections,usually as a wash,and is especially effective on skin diseases.It has mosquito repel- ling effects and is used to make a mosquito repel- lent.In using this product,you will spray it over all exposed skin areas.Contact with eyes should be avoided.If irritation occurs,wash off immedi- ately and discontinue using.The very importance of this product is to prevent the spread of multi- ple diseases caused by mosquito bites.The new mosquito repellent containing lemongrass extract (提取物)also helps control the outbreak of other insect-borne diseases such as Malaria,Lyme Dis- ease and West Nile Fever.After all,lemongrass is a popular plant found commonly in the country and its extract is used for medicinal and food products. The new study is significant because there's an increasing number of deaths concerning mos- quitoes.While there are alternative solutions, ·3( 基础必备必修第三册 re in the balance 学生课时P303 体裁：新闻报道 话题：一种天然驱蚊剂 Filipinos cannot deny their brothers and sisters living in poverty cannot afford to buy repellents. Yet,currently the researchers aim to test how ef- fective their natural product is in repelling mos- quitoes within households.This initial study will evaluate the product's effectiveness before fur- ther trials in broader applications. 1.Why do the researchers want to create an alter- native repellent? A.The effect of original products is doubted. B.There are too many mosquitoes to get rid of. C.The providers fail to meet the market de- mands. D.The existing products are costly and harm- ful. 2.What makes lemongrass extract an ideal choice for the mosquito repellent? A.Its unique property. B.Its distributing style. C.Its easy extracting. D.Its lower risk on eyes. 3.What can be inferred about the mosquito repel- lent from the last paragraph? A.It will be long before being evaluated. B.It is a popular mosquito-proof product. C.Its cheapness is its crucial selling point. D.Its natural makeup often appeal to its users. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.A Therapy Fighting back Mosquitoes B.A Cost-Effective Natural Mosquito Repel- lent C.Dengue:A common Disease from Mosquitoes D.Lemongrass:A Compound Extract from Nature [语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述 了菲律宾研究人员致力于开发一种天然驱蚊剂， 这种含有天然成分柠檬草制成的驱蚊剂有效又便 宜，对健康或环境没有风险。 高考总复习英语(YL) 1.D[细节理解题。根据第一段的“The com monly used repellent in the Philippines is quite unaffordable.Meanwhile,it contains chemicals that may cause irritation(刺激).These ac- count for why researchers seek to develop an alternative mosquito repellent.(在菲律宾，常用 的驱蚊剂是相当昂贵的。同时，它含有可能引 起刺激的化学物质。这些解释了为什么研究人 员寻求开发一种替代驱蚊剂。)”可知，研究人员 想要创造一种替代的驱蚊剂是因为现有产品价 格昂贵且有害。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Lemongrass has natural anti-microbial features,suitable for use on various types of skin infections,usually as a wash,and is especially effective on skin diseases.It has mosquito repelling effects and is used to make a mosquito repellent.(柠檬草 具有天然的抗微生物特性，适用于各种类型的 皮肤感染，通常用作洗涤液，对皮肤病特别有 效。它具有驱蚊作用，被用来制作驱蚊剂。)”可 知，它的独特性质让柠檬草提取物成为驱蚊剂 的理想选择。] 阅读理解B 主题语境：人与自然 体表 It took an ill screech owl(鸣角鹗)to teach a scientist the value of up-close-and-personal study. In his Harvad talk,Carl Safina,an ecologist and author of Alfie and Me:What Owls Know, What Humans Believe,recalled that the chick was found dying in his backyard.Safina took it in and planned to nurse it back to health and then perform release.But the owlet's flight feathers didn't grow properly.Safina delayed the release. Over those extended months,Safina got to know Alfie in ways that moved and changed him. "An owl found me and then I was watching an owl',”he said.“It was no longer an owl af ter a while,it was 'she'because she had a histo- ry with me.This little owl,who was with me much longer than I thought she would be,be- came an individual to me by that history and all those interactions..” The bond with Alfie strengthened to the point that,when she was finally released,she created a territory with Safina's home at its cen- ·30 3.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The new study is significant because there's an increas- ing number of deaths concerning mosquitoes. While there are alternative solutions,Filipinos cannot deny their brothers and sisters living in poverty cannot afford to buy repellents.”可 知，正在研发中的驱蚊剂的价格会是便宜的，这 样使很多贫困人口能够买得起，因此这将成为 它的关键卖点。] 4.B[主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的 "The commonly used repellent in the Philip- pines is quite unaffordable.Meanwhile,it con- tains chemicals that may cause irritation. 律宾，常用的驱蚊剂是相当昂贵的。同时，它含 有可能引起刺激的化学物质。)”和第二段的 "The researchers plan to use...components being explored is from lemongrass.”可知，文章 主要说明了因为现有的产品既昂贵又有害，所 以研究人员想要创造一种替代驱蚊剂，而天然 成分柠檬草制成的驱蚊剂有效又便宜，对健康 或环境没有风险，因此B选项“性价比高的天然 驱蚊剂”适合作为文章标题。] 或：记叙文 话题：生态学家和鸣角鹗的故事 ter.Safina was able to spend hours each day ob- serving her in the woods as she learned to take care of herself in the wild,met two mates,and raised chicks of her own. When he heard Alfie calling,Safina said, he'd call back and she'd land nearby.Their close- ness allowed him to learn more things about screech owls.Field guides,for example,describe two known calls but he identified six,some of which you have to be quite close to hear.The re- lationship also opened a window for Safina onto personality differences between Alfie and her ma- tes. When pointed out that his approach to Alfie-in- cluding the act of naming her-ran counter to widespread scientific practice,Safina said he wasn't concerned about violating (conven- tion,particularly if something interesting like in- dividual personality differences among owls could be learned. 06· The experience caused Safina to think more deeply about humankind's relationship with na- ture and the kind of personal connection he was able to feel with a wild individual."What I learn- ed from Alfie is that all sentient(有情感的)be ings seek a feeling of well-being and freedom of movement,"Safina said."That's a guide to what's right and what's wrong to me. 5.What do we know about Alfie? A.She developed a close bond with Safina. B.She was a fictional character in Safina's book. C.She intentionally landed in Safina's back- yard. D.She was dying because of the broken flight feathers. 6.What happened after Safina released Alfie? A.Alfie chose to stay with Safina at his home. B.They maintained a continous communica- tion. C.Alfie met mates and raised chicks by her- self. D.Safina kept his distance from her to prevent attachment. 7.What did Safina achieve in his study? A.Recording six different calls of the screech owl. B.Identifying different types of owls by their calls. C.Learning how to release owls back into the wild. D.Understanding personality differences among owls. 8.How did Safina's experience with Alfie impact him? A.He became more focused on exploring na- ture. B.He initiated his commitment to wildlife con- servation. C.He developed a deep appreciation for the welfare of living creatures. D.He decided to guide readers to distinguish between right and wrong. Ⅱ.阅读七选五主题语境：人与自然 体表 Why Do Autumn Leaves Change Color? We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves. To answer this question,we first have to under- stand what leaves are and what they do. ·30 基础必备必修第三册 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了生 态学家Carl Safina与一只名叫Alfie的鸣角鹞的 故事，以及这段经历对他的影响。 5.A[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Over those extended months,Safina got to know Alfie in ways that moved and changed him. 那些漫长的月份里，萨菲纳以一种感动并改变 他的方式了解了阿尔菲。)”根据第三段“This little owl,who was with me much longer than I thought she would be,became an individual to me by that history and all those interac- tions.（这只小猫头鹰，它和我在一起的时间比 我想象的要长得多，通过那段历史和所有这些 互动，它成为了我的一部分。)”可知，Safina与 Alfie建立了紧密的联系。] 6.B[细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When he heard Alfie calling,Safina said,he'd call back and she'd land nearby.（当他听到阿尔菲的叫声 时，萨菲纳说，他会回应，她就会降落在附近。)” 可知，他们保持了持续的交流。] 7.D[细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The rela- tionship also opened a window for Safina onto personality differences between Alfie and her mates..(这种关系也为萨菲纳打开了一个窗口， 让他看到阿尔菲和她的伴侣之间的性格差 异。)”可知，Safina理解了猫头鹰之间的性格 差异。] 8.C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘What I learned from Alfie is that all sentient(有情感 beings seek a feeling of well-being and freedom of movement,'Safina said.'That's a guide to what's right and what's wrong to me.’(‘我从阿尔菲那里学到的是，所有有情感 的生物都寻求幸福感和自由的移动，’萨菲纳 说。‘这对我来说是判断对错的指南。’)”可知， Safina对生物的幸福产生了深深的欣赏。] :说明文 话题：秋天树叶颜色的变化 Leaves are nature's food factories.Plants take water from the earth through their roots and take carbon dioxide from the air.2 Plants use the sugar as food for energy.The way plants turn 高考总复习英语(YL) water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called pho- tosynthesis(光合作用).Chlorophyll(叶绿素) helps make photosynthesis happen.Chlorophyll gives plants their green color. As summer ends and autumn comes,the days get shorter and shorter.3 During win- ter,there is not enough light or water for photo- synthesis.Trees will rest and shut down their food-making factories.There is no chlorophyll in the leaves.As the bright green fades away(逐渐 消失)，we begin to see yellow and orange colors. 4 We just can't see them in the summer,be- cause they are covered up by the green chloro- phyll. The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn.In some trees,like maples(枫树)，sugar is kept in the leaves after photosynthesis stops.5 The brown color of trees like oaks is made from the wastes which are left in the leaves.All these things make the beau- tiful colors we enjoy in autumn. A.Small amounts of these colors have been in the leaves all the time. B.Why do people prefer autumn leaves to summer leaves? C.Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into a kind of sugar. D.Have you ever wondered how and why an au- tumn leaf changes color? E.Yellow and orange colors attract many of us in autumn. F.This is how trees“know”when to begin get- ting ready for winter. G.Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn cause the leaves to turn the sugar into a red color. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了秋天树 叶颜色的变化以及变化的原因。 l.D[上文“We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves..”说明我们喜欢秋天树叶的颜色，设空处 应该围绕这个话题展开，而后文“To answer this question,we first have to understand what leaves are and what they do..(要回答这个问题， 我们首先要了解树叶是什么，它们是干什么 的。)”说明是回答某个问题，所以D项“你有没 ·30 有想过秋天的树叶为什么以及怎样变色的？”呼 应上文，并且是问句，呼应后文，正好承上 启下。] 2.C[上文“Plants take water from the ground through their roots and take carbon dioxide from the air.”可知植物从根部吸收水分，从空 气中吸收二氧化碳，后文“Plants use the sugar as food for energy.The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called photo- synthesis(光合作用).（植物利用糖作为食物以 获取能量。植物把水和二氧化碳转化为糖的方 式叫做光合作用。)”。C项中的“water and car bon dioxide”与上文一致，“a kind of sugar'”与下 文一致。] 3.F[上文“As summer ends and autumn comes,the days get shorter and shorter..”可知 随着夏天的结束秋天的到来，白天变得越来越 短，此处承接这一话题，讲的还是关于季节方面 的内容，所以F项“此时树木就知道应该开始准 备过冬。”符合题意，并且与后文“During win ter”相呼应。] 4.A[上文“As the bright green fades away,we begin to see yellow and orange colors.”可知， 当明亮的绿色消失，我们开始看到黄色和橙色， 而后文“We just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlo- rophyll.(我们只是在夏天看不到它们，因为它 们被绿色的叶绿素所覆盖。)”是在说明看不到 黄色和橙色的原因，因此A项“树叶中一直有少 量的这种颜色。”与之相呼应，承上启下。门 5.G[上文“The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn.In some trees,like maples(枫树)，sugar is kept in the leaves after photosynthesis stops.”可知我 们在树叶上看到的鲜艳的红色大部分是在秋天 形成的，一些树，如枫树，光合作用停止后，糖会 留在叶子里。后文“The brown color of trees like oaks is made from the wastes which are left in the leaves.(树的褐色如橡树是由树叶中 残留的废物形成的。)”则开始解释树叶这样变 化的原因，因此G项“秋天的阳光和凉爽的夜晚 使树叶把糖变成红色。”符合题意，也是说明树叶颜 色的变化以及原因。] Ⅲ.语法填空主题语境：人与自然 In 1969,there were only 100 South American fur seals and sea lions making their homes along the coastline of the capital of Lima,Peru.They 1. (hunt)almost to extinction here,not on- ly because of the values of their skin,but also be- cause of the threat they posed 2. fishermen as fish hunters. Today,around the Palomino Islands,there are over 8,000 of these marine animals 3. (make)their homes.Much of the success of re- storing the fur seal and sea lion populations came from local fishermen in the coastal areas of Peru. They stepped up to support these 4. (danger)species after the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN)sounded their alarm bell. Recently,the IUCU detailed how local fish- eries have become efficient managers."The Fishermen's Union defines the area 5. each local fishing collective is 6. (eco- nomic)dependent and assigns responsibility for these marine resources,explained the IUCN.In this manner,the fishermen 7. (they) have slowed economic migration from the Peruvi- an Highlands to 8. (profit)but illegal marine activities,thus ensuring that the protec- ted area develops well. Much of their 9. (motivate)for ma- rine protection has come from 10. (see) their livelihood through new eyes-that is, they've recognized the rise of traditional fisheries and tourism.And their practice is one of the best practices for area-based conservation. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了 秘鲁首都利马的渔民自发保护当地濒危物种，使 得海豹和海狮数量得以很大恢复。 l.were hunted[考查动词时态语态。句意：它们 在这里被猎杀到几乎灭绝，不仅是因为它们的 毛皮值钱，也因为它们对捕鱼者构成威胁。描 述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，且主语与 谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动 语态，主语为they,谓语动词用复数。] 2.to[考查介词。句意：它们在这里被猎杀到几 乎灭绝，不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因为它 ·30 基础必备必修第三册 裁：说明文 话题：保护频危物种 们对捕鱼者构成威胁。结合句意表示“对… 构成威胁”可知短语为pose threat to。] 3.making[考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，在帕 洛米诺群岛周围，有超过八千的海洋动物在这 里安家。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用 非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语over8,000of these marine animals构成主动关系，故应用现 在分词作状语。] 4.endangered[考查形容词。句意：在国际自然 对话联盟敲响警钟后，他们开始支持这些濒危 物种。修饰后文名词species应用形容词作定 语，endangered“濒临灭绝的”，符合语境。] 5.where[考查定语从句。句意：IUCN解释说， 渔民联盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的 区域，并分配了对这些海洋资源的责任。此处 为定语从句修饰先行词area,先行词在从句中 作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导。] 6.economically[考查副词。句意：IUCN解释 说，渔民联盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依 赖的区域，并分配了对这些海洋资源的责任。 修饰后文形容词dependent应用副词economi- cally,作状语。] 7.themselves考查代词。句意：通过这种方式， 渔民们自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非 法的海洋活动的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区 的良好发展。此处指渔民们自己，应用反身代 词themselves作同位语。] 8.profitable[考查形容词。句意：通过这种方 式，渔民们自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图 但非法的海洋活动的经济迁移，从而确保了保 护区的良好发展。根据后文“but illegal'”可知应 填形容词profitable,作定语修饰名词短语ma- rine activities。 9.motivation[考查名词。句意：他们保护海洋 的动机很大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待他们 的生计— 也就是说，他们认识到了传统渔业 和旅游业的兴起。空处作宾语，表示“动机”应 用名词motivation,表抽象概念，不可数。] l0.seeing[考查非谓语动词。句意：他们保护海 洋的动机很大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待 他们的生计一也就是说，他们认识到了传统 渔业和旅游业的兴起。see作介词from的宾 语，应用动名词形式。] 09