01 Unit 1 知识清单(含必备知识结构图&即时训练&单元词汇记忆表)-2024-2025学年高一英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 1 Nature in the balance (译林版2020必修第三册) Ⅰ必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1.________　　 n.大量;团,块,堆;一大群adj.大批的,广泛的 2.   adj.高大的;高耸的;出色的 3. n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 vt.&vi. 有影响,冲击 4. n.灭绝,绝种 5. vt.& n.损害,伤害,破坏,损坏 6. n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线 vt.&vi.跟踪,追踪 7. vi.反对,抗议 vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩 n.抗议,反对 8. n.利润,收益;好处 v.获益,得到好处 9. n.过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt.加工,处理 10. vt.回收利用,再利用 11. adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的 12. adj.更多的,更进一步的adv.较远,更远;进一步 vt.促进,增进 答案：1. mass 2. towering 3. impact 4. extinction 5.damage 6. track 7. protest 8. profit 9.process 10.recycle 11. former 12. further 根据汉语提示完成句子(单词拼写)。 1．The program is run to prevent world cultural heritage sites from (消失). 【答案】disappearing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目旨在防止世界文化遗产消失。根据固定搭配prevent…from doing sth.，意为“防止做某事”，空格处需用动名词形式作宾语。表示“消失”是disappear。故填disappearing。 2．The (损失) caused by the earthquake added to the difficulties of the local government. 【答案】damage 【详解】考查名词。句意：地震造成的破坏增加了当地政府的困难。本句缺少主语，空处应填名词作主语，根据所给中文提示词，应是damage意为“损失”，为不可数名词。故填damage。 3．B the seemingly quiet surface of the broad sea lies a world of colorful fish and mysterious plants, which holds secrets yet to be fully discovered. 【答案】Beneath/eneath 【详解】考查介词。句意：在看似平静的广阔海面下，隐藏着五彩斑斓的鱼类和神秘植物的世界，其中蕴藏着尚未被充分发现的秘密。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用介词beneath，首字母大写。故填Beneath。 4．She carefully (处理) her thoughts and ensures her words are well-considered. 【答案】processes 【详解】考查动词。句意：她小心翼翼地处理自己的想法，确保她的话都是经过深思熟虑的。根据汉语提示“处理”可知，本空用动词process，表示对思想进行考虑和处理的动作，结合ensures可知，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数processes。故填processes。 5．China made a clean sweep of the m (奖章) in the gymnastics events. 【答案】medals/edals 【详解】考查名词。句意：中国在体操项目中包揽了所有奖牌。结合首字母提示可知，“奖章”应用名词medal，作介词of的宾语，结合“made a clean sweep of (一扫而光，横扫)”可知，此处指“包揽了所有奖牌”，medal应用复数形式。故填medals。 6．We followed the bear’s (痕迹) in the snow and found its cave. 【答案】tracks 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们沿着熊在雪地里留下的足迹找到了它的洞穴。根据提示的汉语，表示“痕迹”用tracks，名词作宾语，表示泛指意义，所以使用名词复数形式。故填tracks。 7．Has anyone seen Michael? He is n to be found. He was just here. 【答案】nowhere/owhere 【详解】考查名词。句意：有人看到迈克尔了吗?哪儿也找不到他。他刚才还在这儿。句中用名词作表语。根据首字母提示及句意，用名词nowhere，表示“不知道的地方；无处”之意。故填nowhere。 8．The new business made a good p (money that you gain by selling things or doing business) in its first year. 【答案】profit/rofit 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家新公司在第一年就获得了可观的利润。结合首字母提示可知，“money that you gain by selling things or doing business (卖东西或做生意赚来的钱)”对应的是名词profit，意为“利润”，作made的宾语，短语make a profit意为“赚取利润，盈利”。故填profit。 9．We make a (抗议) against any behaviour of destroying cultural relics. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】protest 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们对任何破坏文物的行为提出抗议。空处作make的宾语，“抗议”应用名词protest，且空前有不定冠词a，protest应用单数形式。故填protest。 10．In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be (回收) for later use. 【答案】recycled\\ 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：在太空中，宇航员收集所有的脏水，以便它们能被回收以供后续使用。根据汉语提示“回收”可知应用动词 recycle，且此处 it 指代 dirty water，与 recycle 构成被动关系，结合空前的 can be 可知应用被动语态，此处使用了含有情态动词的被动语态，所以空白处填过去分词 recycled。故填 recycled。 Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. n.&vi.损害;危害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的 2. n.地区,区域;行政区→ adj.地区的,区域的 3. adj.长的;冗长的→ n.长度;长→ vt.加长 4. vi.变化;变动→ adj.各种各样的→ n.变化;多样(化);多变(性) 5. vi.&vt.幸存;幸免;生还→ n.幸免;幸存;生还→ n.幸存者;生还者  6. v.出现→ n.外貌,出现→ v. 消失→ n.消失 7. vt.涂;敷;搽;应用;运用 vi.申请;请求;使用→ n.申请→ n.申请人 8. vt.组织;成立→ n.组织者→ adj.有组织的→ __________ n.组织 9. adj.绝对的,完全的→ adv.绝对地,完全地 10. adj.完全的,彻底的→ adv.完全地,全部地 11._________ v.防卫,保护→ n.辩护;防御 12. n.经济→ adj.经济的  13.. n.官员adj.公务的,正式的→ adv.官方地 14. n.毒药;毒害vt.毒害;使中毒→ adj.有毒的 15. n.化学制品adj.化学的→ n.化学→ adv.用化学,以化学方法 16. adj.作为结果的;随之发生的→ n.结果;后果;重要性→ adv.结果 1. harm, harmful, harmless 2. region, regional 3. long, length, lengthen 4. vary, various, variety 5.survive, survival, survivor 6. appear, appearance, disappear, disappearance 7.apply, application, applicant 8.organize, organizer, organized, organization 9. absolute, absolutely10. entire, entirely 11. defend, defence 12. economy, economic 13. official, officially 14.poison, poisonous 15. chemical, chemistry, chemically 16. consequent, consequence, consequemtly 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1．Their aim is to reduce (harm) emissions by up to 50 percent. ( 【答案】harmful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们的目标是减少多达50%的有害气体排放。空处作修饰emissions的定语，结合“reduce”可知，harm的形容词形式harmful符合题意，意为“有害的”。故填harmful。 2．Under pressure from the public, many (region) governments cleaned up their beaches. 【答案】regional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在公众的压力下，许多地区政府清理了海滩。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰governments。regional意为“地区的，区域的”。故填regional。 3．The room is twice the (long) of the kitchen. 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。空处前有定冠词the，此空应填名词，length，表“长度”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填length。 4．There was a time when people were divided geographically leading to a (vary) of dialects and characters. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查名词。句意：曾经有一段时间，人们在地理上是分开的，导致了各种各样的方言和文字。此处表示“各种各样的”短语为a variety of。故填variety。 5．His quick thinking and courage ensured his (survive) in the face of danger. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：他敏捷的思维和勇气确保了他在危险面前能够幸存下来。根据句意以及上文的his，此处需要用名词形式作宾语，survive 的名词形式是survival， 不可数名词，故填survival。 6．Don’t judge a person by his (appear). 【答案】appearance 【详解】考查名词。句意：不要以貌取人。根据“by his”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，appear作动词，表示“出现”，名词appearance表示“出现。外貌”。故填appearance。 7．All the (apply) in the cooking competition will be given things like pans and grills as souvenirs. 【答案】applicants 【详解】考查名词。句意：烹饪比赛的所有参赛者都将获得平底锅和烤架等纪念品。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作主语，applicant，表“申请人”，为可数名词，再由空前All可知，这里应用复数形式。故填applicants。 8．WTO is an international (国际的) (organize). 【答案】organization 【详解】考查名词。句意：WTO是一个国际组织。根据空前的an international可知，空处应用名词单数。organization意为“组织，团体”，为可数名词。故填organization。 9．The food in this restaurant is (absolute) delicious and the service is excellent. 【答案】absolutely 【详解】考查副词。句意：这家餐厅的食物绝对美味，而且服务很棒。此处是用来修饰形容词 “delicious（美味的）”，需要用副词形式。“absolute” 是形容词，意为 “绝对的，完全的”，其副词形式 “absolute” 的副词形式 “absolutely” 表示 “绝对地，完全地”，强调程度，用于加强对食物美味程度的描述，符合句子语境要求。故填absolutely。 10．What points can be raised in (defend) of this argument? 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以提出哪些观点来为这一论点辩护？作介词的宾语，短语in defence of表示“辩护”。故填defence。 Ⅳ. 重点短语默写清单 1.____________　　　　 相应地,转而  2. ____________ 使分解(为),使变化(成)  3. ____________ 给……带来起色,注入活力  4. ____________ 由于,因为  5. ____________ 逐渐增加,扩大  6. ____________ 想出,想到  7. ____________ (公开)要求,需要  8. ____________ 突然记起(或想到)  9. ____________ 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉  10. ____________ 使发生(或存在)  答案：1. in turn 2. break down 3. breathe life into 4. due to 5. build up 6. come up with 7. call for 8. spring to mind 9. get rid of 10. give rise to 用方框内所给短语完成句子。 build up   breathe life into   draw on   be made up of   break out clear up   in turn   appeal to   lie in store for   spring to mind 1．The authorities have urged people to stock up on necessities like food, water and fuel in case war or conflict . 2．He helped me with my project, and I offered to assist him with his upcoming presentation. 3．Although it was still raining, unexpectedly, it in the afternoon. 4． his own experience in his childhood, Maxim Gorky wrote a great collection of literary works. 5．The course 12 sessions requires every participant to complete a paper and an in-class test. 6．The great charm of literature lies more in how it our feelings and imagination than what it tells directly. 7．Due to the Amazon’s hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to enough nutrients. 8．When I heard the phrase “a fearsome hunter”, images of lions and sharks . 9．Upon arriving at her uncle’s house, she wondered what fate her next. 10．Fortunately, the new manager, with his leadership and sharp mind, the struggling company then and saved hundreds of jobs 【答案】1. breaks out 2. in turn 3. cleared up 4.Drawing on 5. made up of 6. appeals to 7. build up 8. sprang to mind 9. lay in store for 10. breathed life into 【解析】1．考查动词短语。句意：当局敦促人们储备食物、水和燃料等必需品，以防战争或冲突爆发。空处作从句的谓语，结合“war or conflict”可推知，动词短语break out“爆发”符合题意，表示“战争或冲突爆发”，in case引导目的状语从句，时态应用一般现在时表将来，主语是war or conflict，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，break用第三人称单数形式。故填breaks out。 2．考查短语。句意：他帮我做项目，相应地，我主动提出帮他准备即将到来的展示。空处前后均为完整的句子，结合“He helped me with my project”可推知，短语in turn“相应地，转而”符合题意，表示“相应地，我主动提出帮他准备即将到来的展示”。故填in turn。 3．考查动词短语。句意：虽然还在下雨，但出乎意料的是，下午天气放晴了。空处作谓语，结合“Although it was still raining”可推知，动词短语clear up“（天气）放晴”符合题意，表示“下午天气放晴了”，结合“was still raining”可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时。故填cleared up。 4．考查动词短语。句意：马克西姆·高尔基凭借自己童年的经历，创作了大量伟大的文学作品。空处作非谓语，结合“his own experience in his childhood”可推知，动词短语draw on“利用，凭借”符合题意，表示“凭借自己童年的经历”，draw on和Maxim Gorky逻辑上是主动关系，因此用draw的现在分词形式，作状语，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Drawing on。 5．考查动词短语。句意：这门由12节课组成的课程要求每位参与者完成一篇论文和一次课堂测试。空处作修饰The course的后置定语，结合“12 sessions”可推知，动词短语be made up of“由……组成”符合题意，表示“由12节课组成的课程”，用过去分词made作定语。故填made up of。 6．考查动词短语。句意：文学的巨大魅力更多地在于它如何唤起我们的情感和想象力，而不是它直接讲述的内容。空处作从句的谓语，结合“our feelings and imagination”可推知，动词短语appeal to“吸引，唤起”符合题意，表示“唤起我们的情感和想象力”，此处介绍一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语是it，appeal用第三人称单数形式。故填appeals to。 7．考查动词短语。句意：由于亚马逊地区气候炎热，土壤很难积累足够的养分。此处用固定句型“it is+形容词+for sb./sth. to do”表示“做某事于某人/某物是……的”，结合“enough nutrients”可推知，动词短语build up“积累，增强”符合题意，表示“积累足够的养分”，build应用原形。故填build up。 8．考查动词短语。句意：当我听到“可怕的猎手”这个短语时，狮子和鲨鱼的形象立刻出现在我脑海中。空处作谓语，结合“images of lions and sharks”可推知，动词短语spring to mind“立刻出现在脑海中”符合题意，表示“狮子和鲨鱼的形象立刻出现在我脑海中”，结合“heard”可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时。故填sprang to mind。 9．考查动词短语。句意：一到叔叔家，她就想知道接下来等待她的会是什么命运。空处作从句的谓语，结合“what fate”可推知，动词短语lie in store for“即将发生在，等待着”符合题意，表示“等待她的会是什么命运”，根据“wondered”可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时。故填lay in store for。 10．考查动词短语。句意：幸运的是，这位新经理凭借他的领导才能和敏锐头脑，让当时陷入困境的公司恢复了生机，挽救了数百个工作岗位。空处作谓语，结合“the struggling company”可推知，动词短语breathe life into“给……带来生机，使……恢复活力”符合题意，表示“让当时陷入困境的公司恢复了生机”，根据“saved”可知，句子时态是一般过去时。故填breathed life into。 Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1.倍数关系句型 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is .  亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,是中国国土面积的一半以上。 2.完全倒装句 __________________ is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。  3.judging from...根据……判断 What do you think this script is about ?  根据标题和图片,你认为这个节选讲了什么? 4.独立主格结构 The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France,________________________.亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家,以及一块法国的海外领地,都位于南美洲大陆。  5.even though 引导的从句 We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, .   我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术,以减少生产过程中的污染,尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。 6.with复合结构 ____________________________________, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.  鉴于污染程度不断加重,诺盖特市环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。 答案：1. more than half the size of China 2. Above that 3. judging from the title and pictures 4.all on the South American continent 5. even though these measures raise our production costs 完成句子 1．杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。(倍数表达法) Jessica devoted she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. 【答案】three times as much time and energy as 【详解】考查倍数表达法。空处表示“三倍的时间和精力”，表示倍数常用“倍数程度+as+形容词/副词的原级+as”表达，形容词使用much，“时间和精力”译为并列的名词time and energy，故填three times as much time and energy as。 2． 从他说的话来看，他一定是个诚实的人。（judge…by/from） , he must be an honest man. 【答案】Judging from/by what he said 【详解】考查固定短语和宾语从句。结合句意表示“从……来看”可知短语为judge…by/from，judging by/from是固定用语；后跟宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“他说的话”应用what引导，且结合语境可知，从句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Judging from/by what he said 3．在我上面是平静的海面。(完全倒装句) Above me . 【答案】was the calm surface of the sea 【详解】考查倒装句。表示“平静的海面”应用the calm surface of the sea；表示“是”应用be，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为the calm surface of the sea，be动词用was，above位于句首，使用完全倒装。故填was the calm surface of the sea。 4．夜深了，我必须整理床铺睡觉。(独立主格结构) , I must make the bed and go to sleep. 【答案】Night coming late 【详解】考查独立主格。“夜深了”翻译为Night comes late；空格后的部分是完整的句子，且空格后是逗号，所以空格处应该用独立主格，night和动词come之间是主动关系，应该用“主语+现在分词”构成的独立主格。故填Night coming late。 5．既然一切都安排好了，晚会将按计划在8:00开始。 (with的复合结构) , the evening party will begin at 8 o’clock as planned. 【答案】 With everything arranged/prepared/ready 【详解】考查with的复合结构。with的复合结构为 “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”，“安排”译为arrange/prepare/ready，“一切”译为everything，动词arrange/prepare与宾语everything构成被动关系，所以用过去分词arranged/prepared作宾语补足语；形容词ready作宾语补足语，意为“准备好的”，with位于句首，首字母大写。故填①With ②everything ③arranged/prepared/ready。 6．即使她的家人反对，Jane还是搬到了一座山村里去种树。(even if/though) (汉译英) _________________________, Jane still moved to a mountain village to plant trees. 【答案】Even if/though her family disagreed 【详解】考查让步状语从句。分析句子可知，“Jane还是搬到了一座山村里去种树”为主句，陈述过去的试试，用一般过去时；谓语“搬到山上”可翻译为move to a mountain，目的状语“种树”翻译为to plant trees，因此主句可翻译为“Jane still moved to a mountain village to plant trees.。“即使她的家人反对”处理为even if/even though引导的让步状语从句，谓语动词“不同意，不赞同”可翻译为disagree。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Even if/though her family disagreed, Jane still moved to a mountain village to plant trees. Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading 　The Amazon rainforest,the largest rainforest in the world,plays a significant role 1. _ maintaining the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.It 2. (cross)into eight countries,3. (include) Brazil and Peru.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is 4. (many)than half the size of China. More than 40,000 species of plants can 5. (find)in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable 6. (vary)of wildlife.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by 7. _______(fix) carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen,8. is known as the “lungs of the planet”.Moreover,the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.9. ,over the past 50 years,17 per cent of the rainforest 10. (disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.  2. Extended reading 　 James Smith is a local resident. 1. he first moved there, the air was fresh. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became 2. (entire) different. Now, he doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has 3. (colour) the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given him a cough 4. he can’t get rid of. He thinks all of persons must protest against heavy industry.   Vincent Brown is a senior manager of a local factory. He points out that people tend 5. ______(connect) factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge 6. (profit). They also try to control the amount of pollution they produce and are deeply concerned about the environment. They’ve been taking various measures, even though these measures raise their production costs. What’s more, they have brought the 7. (economy) benefits to Norgate and created many jobs for local residents.  Julie Archer is head of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. She thinks the committee has a major role 8. (play) in maintaining air and water quality. They have to achieve a balance 9. environmental protection and economic development. They’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe. They also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies 10. (follow)in an environmentally friendly way.   答案： Reading:1. in 2.crosses 3. including 4.more 5. be found 6. variety 7.fixing 8. which 9.However 10. has disappeared Extending reading: 1. When 2. entirely 3. coloured 4.that/which 5. to connect 6. profits 7. economic 8. to play 9. between 10. are followed 附:单元词汇记忆表 harm n.&vt.伤害,损害 soil n.土壤;国土,领土,土地 *ecosystem n.生态系统 overseas adj.海外的,国外的adv.在海外,向国外 region n.地区,区域;行政区 continent n.大陆,陆地,洲 million num.一百万；许多,大量 length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长 biodiversity n.生物多样性 species n.(pl. species)种,物种 nut n.坚果 brazil nut巴西坚果 *lily n.百合(花) water lily睡莲 variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体 wildlife n.野生动植物,野生生物 beneath prep.在…下面，在…下方；配不上 mass n.大量；团,块,堆;一大群adj. 大批的,广泛的 towering adj.高大的,高耸的;出色的 hardwood n.阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材) living adj.活着的,活的;在使用的n.生计,谋生;生活方式 *mammal n.哺乳动物 *jaguar n.美洲豹,美洲虎 survive vi.生存,存活vt.幸存,幸免于难 frog n.蛙，青蛙 in turn相应地,转而 insect n.昆虫 microorganism n.微生物 break down使分解(为),使变化(成) nutrient n.营养素,营养物 breathe life into给…带来起色,注入活力 carbon n.碳 oxygen n.氧,氧气 thus adv.因此,从而;这样 disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪 due to由于,因为 agriculture n.农业，农学 cattle n.牛 impact n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞vi.&vt. 有影响;冲击 extinction n.灭绝,绝种 damage vt.&n.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏 climate n.气候;倾向,风气 build up逐渐增加,扩大 global adj.全球的;全面的 greenhouse n.温室,暖房 gas n.气体;煤气;汽油 drought n.旱灾,久旱 come up with想出，想到 call for(公开)要求；需要 application n.应用,运用;申请 brochure n.小册子 organization n.组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理 absolutely adv.绝对地,完全地;极其 belt n.地带,地区;腰带;传送带 medal n.奖章,勋章 image n.形象;图像;意象 shark n.鲨鱼 spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) whale n.鲸 deer n.(pl. deer)鹿 track vt.&vi.跟踪,追踪n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线 habitat n.生活环境,栖息地 nowhere adv.无处,哪里都不 dolphin n.海豚 resident n.居民，住户 chief n.首领,最高领导人adj.主要的;首席的 committee n.委员会 entirely adv.完全地,全部地,完整地 smog n.雾霾，烟雾 get rid of摆脱,丢弃,扔掉 protest vi.反对,抗议vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩n.抗议，反对 profit n.利润,收益;好处vi.&vt.获益,得到好处 defence (AmE defense) n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守 various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的 process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程vt.加工,处理 economic adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的 policy n.政策,方针;原则 branch n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署 recycle vt.回收利用,再利用 subway n.地铁;地下人行道 former adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的，从前的 official n.官员，要员adj.公务的;正式的,官方的 poverty n.贫穷，穷困；贫乏 poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害n.毒物，毒药 chemical n.化学制品adj.化学的;化学作用的 consequence n.结果,后果;重要性 give rise to使发生(或存在) further adj.更多的,更进一步的adv.较远,更远;进一步vt.促进,增进 ( 12 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Nature in the balance (译林版2020必修第三册) Ⅰ必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1.________　　 n.大量;团,块,堆;一大群adj.大批的,广泛的 2.   adj.高大的;高耸的;出色的 3. n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 vt.&vi. 有影响,冲击 4. n.灭绝,绝种 5. vt.& n.损害,伤害,破坏,损坏 6. n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线 vt.&vi.跟踪,追踪 7. vi.反对,抗议 vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩 n.抗议,反对 8. n.利润,收益;好处 v.获益,得到好处 9. n.过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt.加工,处理 10. vt.回收利用,再利用 11. adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的 12. adj.更多的,更进一步的adv.较远,更远;进一步 vt.促进,增进 根据汉语提示完成句子(单词拼写)。 1．The program is run to prevent world cultural heritage sites from (消失). 2．The (损失) caused by the earthquake added to the difficulties of the local government. 3．B the seemingly quiet surface of the broad sea lies a world of colorful fish and mysterious plants, which holds secrets yet to be fully discovered. 4．She carefully (处理) her thoughts and ensures her words are well-considered. 5．China made a clean sweep of the m (奖章) in the gymnastics events. 6．We followed the bear’s (痕迹) in the snow and found its cave. 7．Has anyone seen Michael? He is n to be found. He was just here. 8．The new business made a good p (money that you gain by selling things or doing business) in its first year. 9．We make a (抗议) against any behaviour of destroying cultural relics. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 10．In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be (回收) for later use. Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. n.&vi.损害;危害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的 2. n.地区,区域;行政区→ adj.地区的,区域的 3. adj.长的;冗长的→ n.长度;长→ vt.加长 4. vi.变化;变动→ adj.各种各样的→ n.变化;多样(化);多变(性) 5. vi.&vt.幸存;幸免;生还→ n.幸免;幸存;生还→ n.幸存者;生还者  6. v.出现→ n.外貌,出现→ v. 消失→ n.消失 7. vt.涂;敷;搽;应用;运用 vi.申请;请求;使用→ n.申请→ n.申请人 8. vt.组织;成立→ n.组织者→ adj.有组织的→ __________ n.组织 9. adj.绝对的,完全的→ adv.绝对地,完全地 10. adj.完全的,彻底的→ adv.完全地,全部地 11._________ v.防卫,保护→ n.辩护;防御 12. n.经济→ adj.经济的  13.. n.官员adj.公务的,正式的→ adv.官方地 14. n.毒药;毒害vt.毒害;使中毒→ adj.有毒的 15. n.化学制品adj.化学的→ n.化学→ adv.用化学,以化学方法 16. adj.作为结果的;随之发生的→ n.结果;后果;重要性→ adv.结果 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1．Their aim is to reduce (harm) emissions by up to 50 percent. ( 2．Under pressure from the public, many (region) governments cleaned up their beaches. 3．The room is twice the (long) of the kitchen. 4．There was a time when people were divided geographically leading to a (vary) of dialects and characters. 5．His quick thinking and courage ensured his (survive) in the face of danger. 6．Don’t judge a person by his (appear). 7．All the (apply) in the cooking competition will be given things like pans and grills as souvenirs. 8．WTO is an international (国际的) (organize). 9．The food in this restaurant is (absolute) delicious and the service is excellent. 10．What points can be raised in (defend) of this argument? Ⅳ. 重点短语默写清单 1.____________　　　　 相应地,转而  2. ____________ 使分解(为),使变化(成)  3. ____________ 给……带来起色,注入活力  4. ____________ 由于,因为  5. ____________ 逐渐增加,扩大  6. ____________ 想出,想到  7. ____________ (公开)要求,需要  8. ____________ 突然记起(或想到)  9. ____________ 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉  10. ____________ 使发生(或存在)  用方框内所给短语完成句子。 build up   breathe life into   draw on   be made up of   break out clear up   in turn   appeal to   lie in store for   spring to mind 1．The authorities have urged people to stock up on necessities like food, water and fuel in case war or conflict . 2．He helped me with my project, and I offered to assist him with his upcoming presentation. 3．Although it was still raining, unexpectedly, it in the afternoon. 4． his own experience in his childhood, Maxim Gorky wrote a great collection of literary works. 5．The course 12 sessions requires every participant to complete a paper and an in-class test. 6．The great charm of literature lies more in how it our feelings and imagination than what it tells directly. 7．Due to the Amazon’s hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to enough nutrients. 8．When I heard the phrase “a fearsome hunter”, images of lions and sharks . 9．Upon arriving at her uncle’s house, she wondered what fate her next. 10．Fortunately, the new manager, with his leadership and sharp mind, the struggling company then and saved hundreds of jobs Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1.倍数关系句型 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is .  亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,是中国国土面积的一半以上。 2.完全倒装句 __________________ is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。  3.judging from...根据……判断 What do you think this script is about ?  根据标题和图片,你认为这个节选讲了什么? 4.独立主格结构 The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France,________________________.亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家,以及一块法国的海外领地,都位于南美洲大陆。  5.even though 引导的从句 We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, .   我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术,以减少生产过程中的污染,尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。 6.with复合结构 ____________________________________, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.  鉴于污染程度不断加重,诺盖特市环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。 完成句子 1．杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。(倍数表达法) Jessica devoted she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. 2． 从他说的话来看，他一定是个诚实的人。（judge…by/from） , he must be an honest man. 3．在我上面是平静的海面。(完全倒装句) Above me . 4．夜深了，我必须整理床铺睡觉。(独立主格结构) , I must make the bed and go to sleep. 5．既然一切都安排好了，晚会将按计划在8:00开始。 (with的复合结构) , the evening party will begin at 8 o’clock as planned. 6．即使她的家人反对，Jane还是搬到了一座山村里去种树。(even if/though) (汉译英) _________________________, Jane still moved to a mountain village to plant trees. Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading 　The Amazon rainforest,the largest rainforest in the world,plays a significant role 1. _ maintaining the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.It 2. (cross)into eight countries,3. (include) Brazil and Peru.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is 4. (many)than half the size of China. More than 40,000 species of plants can 5. (find)in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable 6. (vary)of wildlife.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by 7. _______(fix) carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen,8. is known as the “lungs of the planet”.Moreover,the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.9. ,over the past 50 years,17 per cent of the rainforest 10. (disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.  2. Extended reading 　 James Smith is a local resident. 1. he first moved there, the air was fresh. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became 2. (entire) different. Now, he doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has 3. (colour) the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given him a cough 4. he can’t get rid of. He thinks all of persons must protest against heavy industry.   Vincent Brown is a senior manager of a local factory. He points out that people tend 5. ______(connect) factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge 6. (profit). They also try to control the amount of pollution they produce and are deeply concerned about the environment. They’ve been taking various measures, even though these measures raise their production costs. What’s more, they have brought the 7. (economy) benefits to Norgate and created many jobs for local residents.  Julie Archer is head of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. She thinks the committee has a major role 8. (play) in maintaining air and water quality. They have to achieve a balance 9. environmental protection and economic development. They’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe. They also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies 10. (follow)in an environmentally friendly way.   附:单元词汇记忆表 harm n.&vt.伤害,损害 soil n.土壤;国土,领土,土地 *ecosystem n.生态系统 overseas adj.海外的,国外的adv.在海外,向国外 region n.地区,区域;行政区 continent n.大陆,陆地,洲 million num.一百万；许多,大量 length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长 biodiversity n.生物多样性 species n.(pl. species)种,物种 nut n.坚果 brazil nut巴西坚果 *lily n.百合(花) water lily睡莲 variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体 wildlife n.野生动植物,野生生物 beneath prep.在…下面，在…下方；配不上 mass n.大量；团,块,堆;一大群adj. 大批的,广泛的 towering adj.高大的,高耸的;出色的 hardwood n.阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材) living adj.活着的,活的;在使用的n.生计,谋生;生活方式 *mammal n.哺乳动物 *jaguar n.美洲豹,美洲虎 survive vi.生存,存活vt.幸存,幸免于难 frog n.蛙，青蛙 in turn相应地,转而 insect n.昆虫 microorganism n.微生物 break down使分解(为),使变化(成) nutrient n.营养素,营养物 breathe life into给…带来起色,注入活力 carbon n.碳 oxygen n.氧,氧气 thus adv.因此,从而;这样 disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪 due to由于,因为 agriculture n.农业，农学 cattle n.牛 impact n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞vi.&vt. 有影响;冲击 extinction n.灭绝,绝种 damage vt.&n.损害,伤害,损坏,破坏 climate n.气候;倾向,风气 build up逐渐增加,扩大 global adj.全球的;全面的 greenhouse n.温室,暖房 gas n.气体;煤气;汽油 drought n.旱灾,久旱 come up with想出，想到 call for(公开)要求；需要 application n.应用,运用;申请 brochure n.小册子 organization n.组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理 absolutely adv.绝对地,完全地;极其 belt n.地带,地区;腰带;传送带 medal n.奖章,勋章 image n.形象;图像;意象 shark n.鲨鱼 spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) whale n.鲸 deer n.(pl. deer)鹿 track vt.&vi.跟踪,追踪n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线 habitat n.生活环境,栖息地 nowhere adv.无处,哪里都不 dolphin n.海豚 resident n.居民，住户 chief n.首领,最高领导人adj.主要的;首席的 committee n.委员会 entirely adv.完全地,全部地,完整地 smog n.雾霾，烟雾 get rid of摆脱,丢弃,扔掉 protest vi.反对,抗议vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩n.抗议，反对 profit n.利润,收益;好处vi.&vt.获益,得到好处 defence (AmE defense) n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守 various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的 process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程vt.加工,处理 economic adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的 policy n.政策,方针;原则 branch n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署 recycle vt.回收利用,再利用 subway n.地铁;地下人行道 former adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的，从前的 official n.官员，要员adj.公务的;正式的,官方的 poverty n.贫穷，穷困；贫乏 poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害n.毒物，毒药 chemical n.化学制品adj.化学的;化学作用的 consequence n.结果,后果;重要性 give rise to使发生(或存在) further adj.更多的,更进一步的adv.较远,更远;进一步vt.促进,增进 ( 6 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$