2025年人教版中考英语一轮复习第二讲导学案

t 英语学科讲义 学员编号： 年 级：九年级 课 时 数： 2 学员姓名: 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： Jack（章老师） 授课类型 中考知识和题型讲解 专题 能力 ( 学习目标：1.掌握说明文的阅读技巧 2.理解人称代词的主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 3. 以浙江单拼中考题为文本，掌握中考常考单词 ) ( 说明文阅读技巧 )（大脑放电影~） 阅读(说明文) 说明文：多见于人文、自然等科普读物，常通过定义、比较、对照等写作手法对事物的性状、特征、演变、结果或其相互之间的关系进行解释或揭示。说明文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用。阅读说明文要抓住文章的主题，弄清短文的段落组织方式与行文格式，同时还要把握各层次（或自然段）的要点及其与短文主题的内在关系。 说明文的基本模式是：引言（用事例、试验等引出问题）——分析（分析原因；实验过程等）——结论（建议、解决方案） 抓住说明对象的特点，围绕说明对象去解析文章 ( 课堂检测 )（你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 例题：Who wants to eat food that is thrown away as waste? Believe it or not, that’s exactly what world leaders did at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2015. During the meal, the world leaders enjoyed dishes like salads and burgers made with thrown-away vegetables and fruits. Chef Dan Barber, who helped create the meal, hoped that the experience would make the leaders pay more attention to the issue of food waste. It is a huge problem. One out of nine people on Earth does not get enough food. Yet every year over one third of the food produced worldwide goes to waste! Why is so much food wasted? Firstly, food is often thrown away before it reaches customers because too much of it is produced, or because it is not kept properly in farms. Secondly, shops and supermarkets usually throw away unsold food. Finally, customers often buy more food than they need, so a lot of uneaten food is wasted. How can you waste less food? When eating out, you may ask for less food and take home what is left. Visit fast food restaurants less often, since they are usually more wasteful. Encourage your favorite restaurants to give unsold food to food banks. You can also waste less food at home. Use smaller rice bowls so that you serve less rice. Encourage family members to use unfinished rice to make rice puddings. Tell family members to make a shopping list and buy only what is on the list when shopping for food. Food waste is a growing problem and we, either farmers or food sellers or customers, must take this problem more seriously and do what we can to help. （ ）1. What did world leaders do at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2015? A. They threw away food as waste during the meal. B. They made dishes with waste vegetables and fruits C. They ate food made with waste vegetables and fruits. D. They helped Chef Dan Barber create the special meal. （ ）2. The underlined word "issue" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. result B. problem C. cause D. beginning （ ）3. The writer organizes Paragraph 4 by asking a question and ______. A. giving examples B. using numbers C. listing reasons D. telling a story （ ）4. Which way of wasting less food is mentioned in the passage? A. Buying unsold food from supermarkets. B. Keeping food properly in a fridge. C. Using smaller rice bowls when eating out. D. Asking for less food in restaurants. 练习 Bananas are the perfect snack. Not only are they sweet and delicious, but they are easy to carry around, so you can take them anywhere. Best of all, bananas provide different things that the human body needs! Bananas grow best in warm places that get lots of rain. They grow on plants that look like trees. The banana plant, however, is considered a herb rather than a tree because it doesn’t have a strong, woody stem (干、茎). The plants can grow as high as 30 feet. When they reach their full height, flowers grow out from the stem. These flowers produce bananas. Two or three times each year, the plants produce fruit. The bananas grow together, which seem like "hands". A hand is made up of 10 to 20 bananas. Growers sometimes call bananas "fingers". Each bunch (丛) of bananas has about 15 hands, and so a whole bunch may have as many as 200 bananas and can weigh more than 100 pounds. After about three months, the bananas are ready to be picked. At this point, they still aren't the sunny yellow color o: bananas. Farmers pick them when they’re green. That's how they're shipped to stores. They turn yellow along t he way and are ready to be sold. If you love bananas, you've got a lot of company. Americans have been enjoying bananas since the first shipment arrived in the United States in 1876. Today Americans eat more bananas than any other fruit. More bananas are sold than apples and grapes together. Every American eats over 26 pounds of bananas each year! （ ）1. The first paragraph mainly talks about ______. A. why people like bananas B. how bananas taste C. what bananas are rich in D. where bananas are taken （ ）2. What is the correct order in which these happen? a. The bananas begin to turn yellow. b. A banana plant grows to full height. c. The flowers produce bananas. d. The bananas are ready to be picked. A. c-b-a-d B. b-c-d-a C. b-c-a-d D. c-b-d-a （ ）3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The banana plant is a kind of tree. B. Bananas like growing in hot and dry areas. C. One bunch of bananas may weigh over 100 pounds. D. The banana plant usually produces fruit once a year. （ ）4. Which is the second most popular fruit in America according to the bar chart? A. Apples. B. Grapes. C. Bananas. D. Oranges.     This painting is called The Fighting Temeraire. Temeraire is the name of the big, old sailing ship that you can see on the left of the picture. People chose this picture to be the greatest painting in Britain.     J.M.W. Turner painted it in 1839.It shows the old sailing ship, the Temeraire, on the River Thames near London. There's a small tugboat pulling the old ship. It's in fact taking the Temeraire on its last journey. The old ship is going to the breaker's yard. In the background we can see the sun setting.     The picture, however, is more than just a painting of two boats in the evening. The artist wanted to show the end of an era (时代). The time of the beautiful, old sailing ships is coming to an end. That's why we see this happening at sunset. In the little, brown tugboat we can see the new industrial era starting. The tugboat is small and dark and it's making a lot of smoke, but it's very strong, because it's pulling the much bigger ship.     The painting shows a real event. Turner watched the Temeraire taking its last journey up the Thames, but he changed some of the details. He painted the old ship white and gold so that it looks like a ghost. In fact, the real ship was black and yellow. We also see the sun setting behind the ship, but in fact, the ship travelled towards the sunset. However, Turner wanted to show the sun setting on the time of the beautiful old sailing ships.     Turner painted The Fighting Temeraire when he was quite old, so perhaps he wanted to show the sun setting on his own life, too. He loved the painting and he never sold it. You can see it today in the National Gallery in London. （ ）（1）The Fighting Temeraire ________. A. is the name of a big sailing ship                     B. was thought the best painting in Britain C. shows two nice new ships                               D. was painted by a famous young artist （ ）（2）The old ship was pulled to the yard ________. A. to be painted new             B. to be repaired             C. to be broken up             D. to be sold （ ）（3）What does the tugboat stand for according to the passage? A. The new industrial era.                                    B. The beautiful old era. C. The painter's own life.                                      D. The white and gold ghost. （ ）（4）What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A.  The color of the real sailing ship was white and gold. B. In the painting the sailing ship was going towards the sunset. C. Finally Turner sold this painting because he didn't like it. D.  Today the painting is kept in the National Gallery in London. ( 单拼做题技巧巧 )（总结一下你的收获吧~ ） 1. 多积累平时练习中的单拼题和阅读理解中反复出现的中考高频词汇 2. 掌握记忆单词拼写和中文意思的记忆方法 3. 从已知词汇出发，推测整句话的意思进而决定填哪个单词 4. 在填词时要注意单词的形式是否需要变化 ( 课堂检测 )（大脑放电影~） 单词拼写，根据下列句子所给的首字母，完成句子 1. My friend came over last night to watch the v_____ of the football match that I'd recorded. 2. After a long day, Tom l_______ down on the bed and went to sleep. 3. The train was very c______ with passengers, so we had to stand. 4.--- Do you think more money should be given to education? --- C_______ ! I couldn't agree more. 5. Sorry, I've f_______ your phone number. Could you please tell me again? 6. Be p_______. It takes time. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day. 7. A square has four sides and four c ________. 8. December is the t________ and last month of the year. 9. The Chinese women’s volleyball team won a gold m_______ in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. 10. You will r______ a warm welcome when you come to our village. ( 语法知识 )（你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 人称代词和物主代词表 人 称 代 词 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 me us you him her it them 中文 我 我们 你,你们 他 她 它 他们 物 主 代 词 形容 词性 my our your his her its their 名词 性 mine ours yours his hers its theirs 中文 我的 我们的 你的;你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的 用法： ①人称代词主格：作主语，常放在句首； ②人称代词宾格：作宾语，放在动词和介词后； ③形容词性物主代词：后有名词时，用形容词性；（有名则形） ④名词性物主代词：后无名词时，用名词性。（无名则名） ( 课堂 检测 )（真金不怕火炼） 人称代词和物主代词。（用括号中人称代词的适当形式填空） 1. This is my uncle. We often visit ______ (he). 2. ______ (We) math teacher is very kind to us. 3. What day is _____ (it) today? 4. These new shoes are so nice. I like _____ (they) very much. 5. My cousin is a lovely girl. So I love _____ (she) very much. 6. Let’s ask Jane. _____ (she) is very clever. 7. Tom lost _____(he) keys on the way to school. 8. Hello, Sandy. What are _____ (you) doing now? 9. Where is my English book? _______ (I) can’t find it. 10. _____ (I) bag is on the desk. 11. This isn’t ___________ knife. _________ is green. (she) 12. Her cap is very different from __________(we). ( 回顾小结 )（总结一下你的收获吧~） 阅读理解 课后作业 Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a baby's top lip or mouth doesn't form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.     Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.     A Smile Train doctor from the UK said, "Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundreds of operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted (收养) by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available." （ ）（1）Smile Train is a charity which ________. A. provides food and medical care for poor children B. raises money for all the doctors working in the UK C. offers free medical help to children with the facial defect D. gives children without parents new hope and a new beginning （ ）（2）The underlined word "abandoned" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. given up                       B. dressed up                       C. called up                       D. brought up （ ）（3）What did the doctor from the UK think of his volunteer work? A. Dangerous                         B. Surprising                         C. Relaxing                         D. Valuable （ ）（4）It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. children with the facial defect are becoming more ashamed than before B. more doctors are trained to help children with the facial defect C. fewer baby boys with the facial defect are operated on than girls D. doctors in Smile Train are always well paid for doing the operations Do you know when restaurants were invented? The first restaurant were invented thousands of years ago. However , they were very different from restaurants today. The first restaurants were in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. These restaurants served food in large stone bowls people didn’t order food from a menu. Everyone used to share the food from big bowls. People believe that these places were very popular because most homes in ancient Greece and Rome did not have kitchens. Also , people didn’t have to store food at home if they ate their meals at these restaurants. Later, restaurant began to open in China. In the early 1100s, more than one million people lived in the city of Hangzhou, China. It was a very busy city, and people had money. All of these people had to eat. Smart cooks started cooking and selling food along the Imperial Way, a very big street in the city. Unlike in ancient Greece and Rome, people in China could choose food from a menu. They didn’t have to eat the same food as everyone else. For the next several centuries, there were restaurants all over the world. People could buy food on the street or at inns-- small hotels. Then in the middle of the 1700s, restaurants started opening in Paris. These restaurants were more similar to restaurants we know today. There was a bigger variety of food, and eating in these restaurants was a more enjoyable experience. In the 19th century, trains made travel much faster and simpler. In the end, this kind of restaurant began to appear all over Europe and in other parts of the world. Now, restaurants are everywhere. You can buy a variety of different kinds of food. You can have food sent to your door. But remember it wasn’t always like that. （ ）1.It is believed that these first restaurants were popular because . A.people could eat different food B.the food there was very cheap C.people were too busy to cook D.most homes didn’t have kitchens （ ）2.How were the restaurants in Hangzhou different from the first restaurants? A.They offer menus to customers. B.They usually served the same food C.They sold the food in large stone bowls D.They prepared food for all people in the city （ ）3.The underlined part “these restaurants “ in Paragraph 4means . A.restaurants in ancient Greece and ancient Rome B.restaurants in Hangzhou in the early 1100s C.restaurants in Paris in the middle of the 1700s D.restaurants all over Europe in the 19th century （ ）4.The author wrote this article to . A.helps us to choose restaurants B.tell us the history of restaurants C.encourage us to eat at restaurants D.show us the changes of eating habits. 语法填空 1.In __ (I) opinion, it's wonderful if you can have a job that you really enjoy. 2.I think Micky will make excellent doctor. 3.Now drivers in Canada might see unusual hitchhiker; a hitchhiking robot. 4.The robot can chat about things it has learned, and about (it) trip. 5.In the US, ________ groundhog ( 土 拨 鼠 ) helps to tell the coming of spring. 6.But I was also surprised at how positively people spend __ (they) daily lives. 7.But with social-distancing（社交距离) rules in United States, many summer camps face difficult decisions. 8.Tani started going to Primary School 116. There, ________ learned to play the game that would change his life: chess. 9.The teacher is small, blue machine about 25cm high 10. is necessary to encourage kids to come up with new ways to make use of technology in school life. ( 2 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$