重点话题06人与社会 科学技术 语法填空 -【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版）

重点话题06人与社会-科学技术 语法填空 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） 关于人与社会科学技术主题的语法填空，在高二英语考试中,不仅考察学生对语法知识的掌握程度，还测试了他们的语言运用能力和上下文理解能力。以下是对该主题下语法填空的相关词汇、考法和考点的详细分析： 一、相关词汇 1. 科技相关词汇 • technology（科技） • innovation（创新） • development（发展） • scientific（科学的） • research（研究） • experiment（实验） • discover（发现） • invention（发明） 2. 社会相关词汇 • society（社会） • community（社区） • interaction（互动） • relationship（关系） • development（发展） • progress（进步） • influence（影响） 3. 人与社会科学技术结合词汇 • technological advancement（科技进步） • social impact（社会影响） • application（应用） • implementation（实施） • improvement（改善） • benefit（益处） 二、考法分析 1. 冠词、介词、连词或从句引导词的使用 • 在语法填空中，学生需要根据名词的可数与不可数、特指与泛指来确定冠词的使用。 • 介词则常与动词、形容词等构成固定搭配，需要学生在平时的学习中积累。 • 连词用于连接句子或段落，表示逻辑关系，学生需要准确判断上下文之间的逻辑关系。 • 从句引导词则用于引导各类从句，如定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句等。 2. 谓语动词和非谓语动词的考查 • 谓语动词的考查包括时态、语态和主谓一致等。学生需要根据上下文语境和语法规则，准确判断并填入正确的时态和语态形式。 • 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）三种形式。它们在句子中可以充当多种成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。学生需要熟练掌握非谓语动词的用法，并根据语境做出正确选择。 3. 词性转换的考查 • 词性转换是语法填空中的常考点，如将形容词转换为副词，或将动词转换为名词等。学生需要根据上下文语境和语法规则，准确判断并填入正确的词性形式。 4. 固定搭配和习惯用法的考查 • 英语中存在许多固定搭配和习惯用法，这些在语法填空中经常出现。学生需要熟练掌握这些固定搭配和习惯用法，以便在考试中迅速做出正确选择。 三、考点分析 1. 时态与语态的考查 • 在人与社会科学技术主题的语法填空中，时态与语态的考查往往与上下文语境紧密结合。学生需要准确判断并填入正确的时态和语态形式，以表达正确的语意。 2. 从句和连词的使用 • 从句和连词的使用是语法填空中的重点考查对象。学生需要准确判断上下文之间的逻辑关系，并选择合适的从句引导词或连词来连接句子或段落。 3. 词性转换和固定搭配的考查 • 词性转换和固定搭配是语法填空中的常考点。学生需要根据上下文语境和语法规则，准确判断并填入正确的词性形式或固定搭配。 四、备考建议 1. 熟练掌握语法规则 • 学生需要熟练掌握英语的基本语法规则，包括时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、从句和连词等。这是做好语法填空的基础。 2. 积累词汇和固定搭配 • 学生需要积累大量的词汇和固定搭配，特别是与科技、社会相关的词汇和短语。这有助于学生在考试中迅速做出正确选择。 3. 多做练习题和模拟题 • 学生可以通过多做练习题和模拟题来提高自己的解题能力和应试技巧。在练习过程中，要注意分析自己的错题原因和解题思路，以便及时纠正错误并提高自己的水平。 4. 关注社会科技发展动态 • 学生需要关注社会科技发展的动态和趋势，了解最新的科技成果和应用前景。这有助于学生在考试中更好地理解语境和做出正确选择。 综上所述，人与社会科学技术主题的语法填空在高二英语考试中是一个重要考点。学生需要熟练掌握语法规则、积累词汇和固定搭配、多做练习题和模拟题，并关注社会科技发展动态，以便在考试中取得好成绩。 （24-25高二上·广东江门·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A kind of advanced technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. For instance, it could assist them in understanding and treating diseases like breast cancer (乳腺癌) in ways that 1 (be) previously impossible. Rishi Rawat teaches this at 2 university in Los Angeles. Currently, he is part of a team of scientists who are researching how this type of learning can more 3 (easy) identify cancerous growths in the breast. He said, “You input the information about cancer cells into a computer, and it will learn a variety of cancerous growth patterns.” To identify diseases like breast cancer, researchers usually follow a very careful process. At present, they have to take a thin slice of tissue, place it 4 a small piece of glass, and then add color 5 (observe) the cell-growth patterns more clearly. This process can take days or even 6 (long). Scientists claim that artificial intelligence can do a better job than just counting cells. Through machine learning, it can quickly recognize patterns or structures and understand how the cells are organized. The hope is 7 machines will soon be able to quickly identify cancerous cell-growth patterns without any human errors. Rawat also added that this process could 8 (do) at almost no cost for the patients. However, 9 (have) a large amount of information about cells is crucial for a machine to work effectively. And researchers must make sure that they are using this technology to its fullest potential to benefit both themselves and 10 (they) patients. （24-25高二上·甘肃庆阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization, and flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin, 11 uses various technologies, 12 (include) big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. 13 (base) on the information, a 3-D model of the river 14 (present) on the computer screen. 15 (apparent) the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, who devoted himself 16 the research, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, 17 a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations 18 (record) and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stones send an alarm to the command center. The response is particularly quick,” Wang said. “In 19 past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by 20 (they), putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the Bureau. “Now the remarkable stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” （24-25高二上·甘肃酒泉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times 21 life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, 22 (know) as the “Great Dying” which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, which 23 (occur) 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are 24 (vary). According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids 25 (hit) the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate 26 which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate” They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. 27 is clear that human activity has 28 (negative) affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, as we 29 (human) depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, 30 without clean water we would be unable to survive. （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as the Chang’e Program. Run by the China National Space Administration, China’s space agency, 42 comprises three stages; orbiting, landing and returning. The program’s first spacecraft, Chang’e 1 lunar orbiter, was launched in October 2007. It successfully orbited and 43 (scan) the Moon. 44 amazed the whole nation in October 2010 was that Chang’e 2 reached the Moon within just five days. 45 better techniques and equipment, Chang’e 2 completed 46 more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space. The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese space exploration had come. It was 47 (evidence) that the data gathered by them provided valuable information. December 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecraft’s first soft landing on the Moon. The landing of Chang’e 3 proved 48 (be) a success and how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see. In January 2019, Chang’e 4 succeeded in 49 (land) on the far side of the Moon. In December 2020, Chang’e 5 successfully collected and returned lunar samples. China has successfully completed the three stages of the program. However, what 50 (advance) China will make in the future is 51 (anybody) guess. （24-25高二上·辽宁辽阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, the call center operators face stress from customers’ anger every day. Therefore, some companies even introduce stress management programs to help reduce their employees’ 52 (anxious). However, one Japanese company may have come up 53 a much more efficient solution. They’re using AI to completely remove screaming and aggressive speech. The company claims to have spent three years 54 (create) a voice filter (过滤器) that detects screaming and 55 (automatic) translates it into calm speech. The company’s voice filter consists of two stages, one in which the AI identifies an angry voice, and a second 56 it uses tools to transform it into a more natural, even polite tone. Interestingly, the filter doesn’t change any of the words 57 (speak) by the person, but significantly softens the intonation (语调). 58 (train) the AI, the company’s engineers asked 10 actors to record at least 100 common phrases including screams, threats, and demands for an apology. In total, more than 10, 000 pieces of voice data 59 (use) to train the AI filter. Although it’s 60 (clear) when the company plans to use the new scream-filtering AI in their call centers, 61 will be interesting to see how well it works and how it impacts the emotional well-being of operators. （23-24高二上·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（1-3词）。 There is no doubt that music can keep our mind at ease, and it turns out that it could also be 62 temporary reliever for physical pain. Listening to favorite songs could reduce people’s perception of pain, and most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs 63 (detail) bittersweet and emotional experiences, according to a new study. The study invited 63 young adults 64 (bring) two of their favorite songs (at least 3 minutes and 20 seconds long each), and also one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to 65 (they). Each person underwent 7-minute blocks where they 66 (instruct) to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of the seven relaxing songs, or a noisy, 67 (random) scrambled  (搅乱的) version of both songs and the relaxing song they had chosen, which now lacked their original structure. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar 68 the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin-to the participants’ left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were 69 (likely) to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or scrambled songs, 70 the researchers suggested was evidence of music being more than a 71 (distract) from an unpleasant experience. （2023·云南昆明·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A seed bank stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity; hence it is a type of gene bank. Many people may wonder 72 the seeds are stored. One of the major reasons is to preserve the genes that plant growers need to increase yield (产量), disease resistance, drought tolerance, nutritional quality, and the taste of crops. Another is to prevent 73 (lose) of genetic diversity in rare or endangered plant species in 74 effort to conserve biodiversity. Many plants 75 (grow) centuries ago by humans are used less frequently now; seed banks offer a way to preserve that historical and cultural value. Collections of seeds stored 76 constant low temperature and low water level are guarded against reduction of genetic resources which are otherwise maintained in field collections. These alternative “living” collections can 77 (damage) by natural disasters, outbreaks of disease, 78 war. Containing valuable information about evolved strategies to reduce plant stress, seed banks are considered seed 79 (library), and can help to create genetically modified (调整过的) versions of 80 (exist) seeds. The work of seed banks often span decades and even centuries. Most seed banks are 81 (public) funded and seeds are usually available for research that benefits the public. （22-23高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The first folding fans were made around 1000 A．D．in China, and were brought to Europe by Portuguese traders in the early 1500s. One type of folding fans 82 (compose) of sticks of identical length held together at the bottom with a curved leaf of paper, silk, lace or other materials glued to the sticks. 83 type of folding fan is the brisé fan, 84 (consist) only of decorative sticks with no pleased (起褶的) leaf. The brisé fan was popular in the 17th and early 18th centuries, but was never as widespread as the folding fan with a painted and pleated leaf. However, in the late 18th and early 19th century 85 (small) fans had come into fashion, perhaps due to the narrower, high-waisted dresses that could no longer accommodate large pockets beneath, 86 one could put a large fan. The smaller fan, often 87 (call) “opera” size, could have 88 (easy) slipped into a handbag. Whatever the reason, smaller fans saw 89 increase in popularity during this period. The 90 (carve) of the brisé fan is so delicate that it can set some fashionable ladies apart 91 others in a party. They carried brisé fans to make their simplicity echo the general simplicity of dress. （22-23高二下·海南省直辖县级单位·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has once again showed its ability 92 (change) the world with its “four new great 93 (invention)”— high-speed rail, mobile payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping. China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing, is now one of the fastest trains in the world, 94 can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. China 95 (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade. Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But 96 is much more convenient for people to travel to their destinations through it. Leading Chinese bike-sharing companies are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain. And back in China, when riding 97 shared bike, you can stop to buy and eat whatever you want 98 (simple) with a tap of your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by 99 (scan) the seller’s QR code. Mobile payment has grown into a 100 (choose) for Chinese people — even a pancake seller is using it. Besides, the four innovative ways of life are most appealing 101 youths from other countries, and they wish their countries would go further in terms of technological achievement. （2023高二上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Despite occupying a relatively small area, rainforests have an important role to play in maintaining the world and they are home to a rich 102 (various) of medicinal plants, birds and animals. As the lungs of the planet, rainforests have their own perfect system, 103 ensures their own survival. The tall trees make a canopy (顶篷) of branches and leaves that protect themselves, smaller plants and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat 104 (release) from the sun and strong winds. 105 (amazing), the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch 106 of another tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate way 107 (prevent) the spread of any tree discases. The ground floor of the forest is not all twisted leaves and bushes, 108 a fairly clear land. It is where leaves transform 109 food for the trees and other forest life. Worryingly, rainforests around the world are disappearing at 110 alarming rate. A few thousand years ago, rainforests 111 (cover) as much as 12 per cent of the land surface on Earth, but today this has fallen to less than 7 per cent. （2022·吉林·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fifty years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started 112 new chapter in space exploration. 113 (mark) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on April 24. The mission, Tianwen got its name from a long poem Tianwen 114 (write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions 115 (concern) the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts on traditional ideas 116 his pursuit of truth. So far, China 117 (make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites 118 (independent). Over the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Change series were designed to explore outer space, expanded 119 (mankind) understanding of Earth and the universe. This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, 120 represents a milestone for China’s move toward deep space. With the names deep roots 121 Chinese traditional culture, Tianwen demonstrates the determination and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into deep space. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重点话题06人与社会-科学技术 语法填空 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） 关于人与社会科学技术主题的语法填空，在高二英语考试中,不仅考察学生对语法知识的掌握程度，还测试了他们的语言运用能力和上下文理解能力。以下是对该主题下语法填空的相关词汇、考法和考点的详细分析： 一、相关词汇 1. 科技相关词汇 • technology（科技） • innovation（创新） • development（发展） • scientific（科学的） • research（研究） • experiment（实验） • discover（发现） • invention（发明） 2. 社会相关词汇 • society（社会） • community（社区） • interaction（互动） • relationship（关系） • development（发展） • progress（进步） • influence（影响） 3. 人与社会科学技术结合词汇 • technological advancement（科技进步） • social impact（社会影响） • application（应用） • implementation（实施） • improvement（改善） • benefit（益处） 二、考法分析 1. 冠词、介词、连词或从句引导词的使用 • 在语法填空中，学生需要根据名词的可数与不可数、特指与泛指来确定冠词的使用。 • 介词则常与动词、形容词等构成固定搭配，需要学生在平时的学习中积累。 • 连词用于连接句子或段落，表示逻辑关系，学生需要准确判断上下文之间的逻辑关系。 • 从句引导词则用于引导各类从句，如定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句等。 2. 谓语动词和非谓语动词的考查 • 谓语动词的考查包括时态、语态和主谓一致等。学生需要根据上下文语境和语法规则，准确判断并填入正确的时态和语态形式。 • 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）三种形式。它们在句子中可以充当多种成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。学生需要熟练掌握非谓语动词的用法，并根据语境做出正确选择。 3. 词性转换的考查 • 词性转换是语法填空中的常考点，如将形容词转换为副词，或将动词转换为名词等。学生需要根据上下文语境和语法规则，准确判断并填入正确的词性形式。 4. 固定搭配和习惯用法的考查 • 英语中存在许多固定搭配和习惯用法，这些在语法填空中经常出现。学生需要熟练掌握这些固定搭配和习惯用法，以便在考试中迅速做出正确选择。 三、考点分析 1. 时态与语态的考查 • 在人与社会科学技术主题的语法填空中，时态与语态的考查往往与上下文语境紧密结合。学生需要准确判断并填入正确的时态和语态形式，以表达正确的语意。 2. 从句和连词的使用 • 从句和连词的使用是语法填空中的重点考查对象。学生需要准确判断上下文之间的逻辑关系，并选择合适的从句引导词或连词来连接句子或段落。 3. 词性转换和固定搭配的考查 • 词性转换和固定搭配是语法填空中的常考点。学生需要根据上下文语境和语法规则，准确判断并填入正确的词性形式或固定搭配。 四、备考建议 1. 熟练掌握语法规则 • 学生需要熟练掌握英语的基本语法规则，包括时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、从句和连词等。这是做好语法填空的基础。 2. 积累词汇和固定搭配 • 学生需要积累大量的词汇和固定搭配，特别是与科技、社会相关的词汇和短语。这有助于学生在考试中迅速做出正确选择。 3. 多做练习题和模拟题 • 学生可以通过多做练习题和模拟题来提高自己的解题能力和应试技巧。在练习过程中，要注意分析自己的错题原因和解题思路，以便及时纠正错误并提高自己的水平。 4. 关注社会科技发展动态 • 学生需要关注社会科技发展的动态和趋势，了解最新的科技成果和应用前景。这有助于学生在考试中更好地理解语境和做出正确选择。 综上所述，人与社会科学技术主题的语法填空在高二英语考试中是一个重要考点。学生需要熟练掌握语法规则、积累词汇和固定搭配、多做练习题和模拟题，并关注社会科技发展动态，以便在考试中取得好成绩。 （24-25高二上·广东江门·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A kind of advanced technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. For instance, it could assist them in understanding and treating diseases like breast cancer (乳腺癌) in ways that 1 (be) previously impossible. Rishi Rawat teaches this at 2 university in Los Angeles. Currently, he is part of a team of scientists who are researching how this type of learning can more 3 (easy) identify cancerous growths in the breast. He said, “You input the information about cancer cells into a computer, and it will learn a variety of cancerous growth patterns.” To identify diseases like breast cancer, researchers usually follow a very careful process. At present, they have to take a thin slice of tissue, place it 4 a small piece of glass, and then add color 5 (observe) the cell-growth patterns more clearly. This process can take days or even 6 (long). Scientists claim that artificial intelligence can do a better job than just counting cells. Through machine learning, it can quickly recognize patterns or structures and understand how the cells are organized. The hope is 7 machines will soon be able to quickly identify cancerous cell-growth patterns without any human errors. Rawat also added that this process could 8 (do) at almost no cost for the patients. However, 9 (have) a large amount of information about cells is crucial for a machine to work effectively. And researchers must make sure that they are using this technology to its fullest potential to benefit both themselves and 10 (they) patients. 【答案】 1．were 2．a 3．easily 4．on 5．to observe 6．longer 7．that 8．be done 9．having 10．their 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了由中国开发的AI助手（智慧之问AI）所依托的一项先进技术，这项技术将成为医生的有用工具，可以帮助医生以前所未有的方式理解和治疗乳腺癌等疾病。 1．考查动词时态。句意：例如，它可以帮助医生以以前不可能的方式理解和治疗乳腺癌等疾病。根据后文previously可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语为定语从句中关系代词that指代的先行词ways，为复数形式，故be动词应用were。故填were。 2．考查冠词。句意：Rishi Rawat在洛杉矶的一所大学教这个。university为可数名词单数，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且university是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 3．考查副词。句意：目前，他是一个科学家团队的一员，该团队正在研究这种学习方式如何更容易地识别乳房中的癌症生长。修饰后文动词identify应用副词easily，作状语。故填easily。 4．考查介词。句意：目前，他们必须取一片薄组织，把它放在一小块玻璃上，然后上色以便更清楚地观察细胞生长模式。结合句意表示“把……放在……”可知短语为place sth. on…。故填on。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，他们必须取一片薄组织，把它放在一小块玻璃上，然后上色以便更清楚地观察细胞生长模式。句中add为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，add sth to do sth为固定短语，使用不定式结构作目的状语。故填to observe。 6．考查比较级。句意：这个过程可能需要几天甚至更长的时间。结合前文or even和可知，此处应用long的比较级longer，表示“更长”。故填longer。 7．考查表语从句。句意：人们希望机器很快就能快速识别癌细胞的生长模式，而不会出现任何人为错误。设空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，应用that引导，that不能省略。故填that。 8．考查动词时态语态。句意：Rawat还补充说，这个过程对患者来说几乎不需要任何费用。句中this process与do之间为被动关系，同时该空置于情态动词could之后，故使用情态动词的被动语态结构即could be done。故填be done。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，拥有一大量关于细胞的信息对于机器的有效运行至关重要。句中is为谓语动词，设空处使用动名词作主语。故填having。 10．考查代词。句意：研究人员必须确保他们正在充分利用这项技术，以使他们自己和他们的患者都受益。限定修饰后文名词patients应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 （24-25高二上·甘肃庆阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization, and flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin, 11 uses various technologies, 12 (include) big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. 13 (base) on the information, a 3-D model of the river 14 (present) on the computer screen. 15 (apparent) the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, who devoted himself 16 the research, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, 17 a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations 18 (record) and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stones send an alarm to the command center. The response is particularly quick,” Wang said. “In 19 past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by 20 (they), putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the Bureau. “Now the remarkable stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” 【答案】 11．which 12．including 13．Based 14．is presented 15．Apparently 16．to 17．and 18．to record 19．the 20．themselves 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黄河的数字双胞胎和黄河数字化治理中的一大突破——“智能石头”的使用。 11．考查定语从句。句意：现在，科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字双胞胎来更好地解决这些问题，这个数字双胞胎使用了各种技术，包括大数据、人工智能和物联网。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词twin进行补充说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词which代替先行词在在句中作主语。故填which。 12．考查介词。句意：现在，科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字双胞胎来更好地解决这些问题，这个数字双胞胎使用了各种技术，包括大数据、人工智能和物联网。根据句意和空格后的名词短语big data可知，空格处应该用介词including。故填including。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这些信息，在计算机屏幕上显示了河流的三维模型。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词base与句子的主语a 3-D model of the river之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词based作状语。故填Based。 14．考查时态和语态。句意：根据这些信息，在计算机屏幕上显示了河流的三维模型。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述客观情况用一般现在时，句子的主语a 3-D model of the river与谓语动词present之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是单数形式，be动词用is。故填is presented。 15．考查副词。句意：显然，黄河有一个孪生兄弟，反映了它的真实情况。空格处作状语，修饰下文的句子，应该用副词形式apparently。故填Apparently。 16．考查介词。句意：据致力于这项研究的王勤介绍，智能石头是一种防水的石头形状的设备，里面有芯片、电池和信号发射器。devote oneself to“致力于”是固定搭配，to是介词。故填to。 17．考查连词。句意：据致力于这项研究的王勤介绍，智能石头是一种防水的石头形状的设备，里面有芯片、电池和信号发射器。chips、a battery和a signal transmitter三者是并列关系，应该用连词and连接。故填and。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们被埋在重要的堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的运动。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式。故填to record。 19．考查冠词。句意：水务局的赵晓雄说：“过去，研究人员必须自己在现场了解堤坝的情况，这是冒着生命危险的。”in the past“过去”是固定搭配。故填the。 20．考查代词。句意：水务局的赵晓雄说：“过去，研究人员必须自己在现场了解堤坝的情况，这是冒着生命危险的。”空格处的词代指句子的主语researchers，且作介词by的宾语，所以应该用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 （24-25高二上·甘肃酒泉·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times 21 life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, 22 (know) as the “Great Dying” which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, which 23 (occur) 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are 24 (vary). According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids 25 (hit) the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate 26 which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate” They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. 27 is clear that human activity has 28 (negative) affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, as we 29 (human) depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, 30 without clean water we would be unable to survive. 【答案】 21．when 22．known 23．occured 24．varied/various 25．hitting 26．at 27．It 28．negatively 29．humans 30．and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文简述了地球物种灭绝的历史与现状，指出人类活动正加速第六次物种大灭绝，并强调了生态平衡对人类生存的重要性。 21．考查定语从句关系词。句意：在过去的5亿年里，地球上生命几乎灭绝过五次。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是five times，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中包括第三次大灭绝，被称为“大灭绝”，90%到96%的物种死亡。句中include为谓语动词，设空处考查非谓语动词，逻辑主语the third mass extinction与know之间为被动关系，应用过去分词known作后置定语。故填known。 23．考查动词时态。句意：第五次事件发生在6600万年前，导致了恐龙的死亡。设空处为从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语66 million years ago可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填occurred。 24．考查形容词。句意：物种灭绝的原因是各种各样的。设空处应填形容词作表语，vary的形容词是varied，意为“各种各样的”，或various，意为“各种各样的”，在句中作表语。故填varied/various。 25．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据科学家的说法，它们包括火山爆发、小行星撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋氧含量减少和全球变暖。设空处考查非谓语动词，asteroids与hit之间为主动关系，应用现在分词hitting作后置定语。故填hitting。 26．考查介词。句意：尽管物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在正在发生的灭绝速度却令人担忧。设空处考查介词，rate常与介词at连用，表示“以……速度”，此处构成介词+关系代词引导定语从句的结构。故填at。 27．考查it作形式主语。句意：很明显，人类活动已经对地球上包括动植物在内的所有其他物种产生了负面影响。设空处考查it作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，it is clear that……为固定句型，意为“很明显……”。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填It。 28．考查副词。句意：很明显，人类活动已经对地球上包括动植物在内的所有其他物种产生了负面影响。设空处修饰动词affected，应用副词negatively，作状语。故填negatively。 29．考查名词复数。句意：当然，由于我们人类依赖如此多的物种来生存，我们也面临着灭绝的风险。设空处应填名词作主语，根据空后的depend可知，此处应用复数形式humans，表示“人类”。故填humans。 30．考查连词。句意：没有森林，我们就没有空气可呼吸，而没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。设空处前后为并列关系，连接两个介词短语，应用连词and连接。故填and。 （24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as the Chang’e Program. Run by the China National Space Administration, China’s space agency, 42 comprises three stages; orbiting, landing and returning. The program’s first spacecraft, Chang’e 1 lunar orbiter, was launched in October 2007. It successfully orbited and 43 (scan) the Moon. 44 amazed the whole nation in October 2010 was that Chang’e 2 reached the Moon within just five days. 45 better techniques and equipment, Chang’e 2 completed 46 more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space. The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese space exploration had come. It was 47 (evidence) that the data gathered by them provided valuable information. December 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecraft’s first soft landing on the Moon. The landing of Chang’e 3 proved 48 (be) a success and how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see. In January 2019, Chang’e 4 succeeded in 49 (land) on the far side of the Moon. In December 2020, Chang’e 5 successfully collected and returned lunar samples. China has successfully completed the three stages of the program. However, what 50 (advance) China will make in the future is 51 (anybody) guess. 【答案】 42．it 43．scanned 44．What 45．With 46．a 47．evident 48．to be 49．landing 50．advances/advancement/advancements 51．anybody’s 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的探月工程——嫦娥计划。 42．考查代词。句意：由中国国家航天局（CNSA）负责，它包括三个阶段：轨道、着陆和返回。分析句子结构可知，空格处为句子主语，指代上文中的The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program，为单数，故应用代词it。故填it。 43．考查时态。句意：它成功地环绕月球并对其进行了扫描。根据空前的并列连词and可知，此处连接并列谓语动词orbit和scan，orbited使用了一般过去时，故scan也应用一般过去时。故填scanned。 44．考查主语从句。句意：令全国人民惊讶的是，嫦娥二号在2010年10月仅用5天就到达了月球。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指物，故应用连接代词what引导主语从句，首字母大写。故填What。 45．考查介词。句意：有了更好的技术和设备，嫦娥二号在进入太空前完成了对月球更详细的扫描。根据句意可知，此处指“有”更好的技术和设备，所以用介词with，首字母大写。故填With。 46．考查冠词。句意：同上。scan为可数名词，且此处泛指“一次更详细的扫描”，故应用不定冠词，且more的读音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 47．考查形容词。句意：很明显，他们收集的数据提供了有价值的信息。分析句子结构可知，空格处作表语，应用所给词的形容词形式“evident明显的”。故填evident。 48．考查不定式。句意：嫦娥三号的着陆被证明是成功的，它为未来的探索奠定了基础，这是显而易见的。prove to be为固定短语，意为“被证明是”，故此处应用不定式结构。故填to be。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年1月，嫦娥四号成功登陆月球背面。succeed in doing sth.为固定短语，意为“成功做某事”，故应用动名词作宾语。故填landing。 50．考查名词。句意：然而，中国未来将取得什么样的进步，谁也说不准。此处指“进步”，advance“进步”为可数名词，且此处指“未来各个方面的进步”，故应用advance的复数形式作主语，填advances；或用其名词形式advancement作主语，advancement即可为可数名词，也可为不可数名词，故可填advancement/advancements。故填advances/advancement(s)。 51．考查名词所有格。句意：同上。分析句子可知，guess为名词，前面应为定语成分，所以此处用anybody的名词所有格形式，意为“任何人的”。故填anybody’s。 （24-25高二上·辽宁辽阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, the call center operators face stress from customers’ anger every day. Therefore, some companies even introduce stress management programs to help reduce their employees’ 52 (anxious). However, one Japanese company may have come up 53 a much more efficient solution. They’re using AI to completely remove screaming and aggressive speech. The company claims to have spent three years 54 (create) a voice filter (过滤器) that detects screaming and 55 (automatic) translates it into calm speech. The company’s voice filter consists of two stages, one in which the AI identifies an angry voice, and a second 56 it uses tools to transform it into a more natural, even polite tone. Interestingly, the filter doesn’t change any of the words 57 (speak) by the person, but significantly softens the intonation (语调). 58 (train) the AI, the company’s engineers asked 10 actors to record at least 100 common phrases including screams, threats, and demands for an apology. In total, more than 10, 000 pieces of voice data 59 (use) to train the AI filter. Although it’s 60 (clear) when the company plans to use the new scream-filtering AI in their call centers, 61 will be interesting to see how well it works and how it impacts the emotional well-being of operators. 【答案】 52．anxiety 53．with 54．creating 55．automatically 56．where 57．spoken 58．To train 59．were used 60．unclear 61．it 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一家日本公司研发出了一款人工智能变声器，可以检测出愤怒的尖叫声并将其转化为语调温柔的声音，从而减轻呼叫中心操作员所面临的压力。 52．考查名词。句意：因此，一些公司甚至引入压力管理项目来帮助减少员工的焦虑。空处作宾语，前面有名词所有格，故使用名词形式，anxiety是不可数名词，故填anxiety。 53．考查介词。句意：然而，一家日本公司可能已经提出了一个更有效的解决方案。come up with“提出”，固定短语，故填with。 54．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司声称，他们花了三年时间发明了一种声音过滤器，可以检测到尖叫，并自动将其转换为平静的语音。spend…doing sth“花费……做某事”，固定短语，空处用动名词作宾语。故填creating。 55．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词translates，应填副词作状语，故填automatically。 56．考查定语从句。句意：该公司的语音过滤包括两个阶段，第一阶段是人工智能识别愤怒的声音，第二阶段是使用工具将其转换为更自然、甚至更礼貌的语气。空处引导定语从句，先行词是second，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：有趣的是，这个过滤器并没有改变这个人说的任何单词，而是显著地软化了语调。speak和words之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填spoken。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了训练人工智能，该公司的工程师要求10名演员录制至少100个常见短语，包括尖叫、威胁和要求道歉。此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填To train。 59．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：总共有超过10,000条语音数据被用于训练人工智能过滤器。主语more than 10, 000 pieces of voice data和动词use之间是被动关系，且句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were used。 60．考查形容词。句意：虽然目前还不清楚该公司计划何时在他们的呼叫中心使用新的尖叫过滤人工智能，但看看它的工作效果如何，以及它如何影响接线员的情绪健康，将是一件有趣的事情。结合句意可知，此处指“不清楚”，使用形容词unclear作表语，故填unclear。 61．考查代词。句意同上。空处使用it作形式主语，后面的不定式短语是真正的主语，故填it。 （23-24高二上·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（1-3词）。 There is no doubt that music can keep our mind at ease, and it turns out that it could also be 62 temporary reliever for physical pain. Listening to favorite songs could reduce people’s perception of pain, and most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs 63 (detail) bittersweet and emotional experiences, according to a new study. The study invited 63 young adults 64 (bring) two of their favorite songs (at least 3 minutes and 20 seconds long each), and also one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to 65 (they). Each person underwent 7-minute blocks where they 66 (instruct) to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of the seven relaxing songs, or a noisy, 67 (random) scrambled  (搅乱的) version of both songs and the relaxing song they had chosen, which now lacked their original structure. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar 68 the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin-to the participants’ left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were 69 (likely) to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or scrambled songs, 70 the researchers suggested was evidence of music being more than a 71 (distract) from an unpleasant experience. 【答案】 62．a 63．detailing 64．to bring 65．them 66．were instructed 67．randomly 68．to 69．more likely 70．which 71．distraction 【导语】这是一篇说明文。新研究发现，听喜爱的音乐能够降低人们的疼痛感，尤其是那些苦涩又甜美的悲伤歌曲。 62．考查冠词。句意：毫无疑问，音乐可以让我们的心灵放松，事实证明，它也可以暂时缓解身体上的疼痛。此处reliever为泛指，且temporary是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究表明，听喜欢的歌曲可以减少人们对疼痛的感知，而最有效的止痛药被发现是那些详述苦乐参半和情感经历的悲伤歌曲。分析句子结构可知detail与逻辑主语songs构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填detailing。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究邀请了63名年轻人带来两首他们最喜欢的歌曲（每首至少3分20秒），以及7首团队认为放松且不熟悉的歌曲中的一首。短语invite sb. to do sth.表示“邀请某人做某事”。故填to bring。 65．考查代词。句意：该研究邀请了63名年轻人带来两首他们最喜欢的歌曲（每首至少3分20秒），以及7首团队认为放松且不熟悉的歌曲中的一首。作介词的宾语，应用宾格them。故填them。 66．考查时态语态。句意：每个人都有7分钟的时间，在这段时间里，他们被要求盯着显示器屏幕，一边听他们最喜欢的音乐，一边听七首放松的歌曲中的一首，或者听嘈杂的、随机打乱的两首歌和他们选择的放松的歌曲，这些歌曲现在失去了原来的结构。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文可知事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为they，谓语用复数。故填were instructed。 67．考查副词。句意：每个人都有7分钟的时间，在这段时间里，他们被要求盯着显示器屏幕，一边听他们最喜欢的音乐，一边听七首放松的歌曲中的一首，或者听嘈杂的、随机打乱的两首歌和他们选择的放松的歌曲，这些歌曲现在失去了原来的结构。修饰后文scrambled应用副词randomly，故填randomly。 68．考查介词。句意：与此同时，研究人员将一个热的物体——类似于滚烫的茶杯在皮肤上的疼痛感——粘在参与者的左前臂内侧。短语similar to表示“类似于”。故填to。 69．考查比较级。句意：在评价他们的经历时，与听不熟悉的放松歌曲或混乱的歌曲相比，人们更有可能在听自己喜欢的歌曲时感到更少的痛苦，研究人员认为，这证明音乐不仅仅是让人从不愉快的经历中分心。根据后文less pain可知应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more likely。 70．考查定语从句。句意：在评价他们的经历时，与听不熟悉的放松歌曲或混乱的歌曲相比，人们更有可能在听自己喜欢的歌曲时感到更少的痛苦，研究人员认为，这证明音乐不仅仅是让人从不愉快的经历中分心。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，指物，故填which。 71．考查名词。句意：在评价他们的经历时，与听不熟悉的放松歌曲或混乱的歌曲相比，人们更有可能在听自己喜欢的歌曲时感到更少的痛苦，研究人员认为，这证明音乐不仅仅是让人从不愉快的经历中分心。根据上文不定冠词可知用单数名词distraction。故填distraction。 （2023·云南昆明·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A seed bank stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity; hence it is a type of gene bank. Many people may wonder 72 the seeds are stored. One of the major reasons is to preserve the genes that plant growers need to increase yield (产量), disease resistance, drought tolerance, nutritional quality, and the taste of crops. Another is to prevent 73 (lose) of genetic diversity in rare or endangered plant species in 74 effort to conserve biodiversity. Many plants 75 (grow) centuries ago by humans are used less frequently now; seed banks offer a way to preserve that historical and cultural value. Collections of seeds stored 76 constant low temperature and low water level are guarded against reduction of genetic resources which are otherwise maintained in field collections. These alternative “living” collections can 77 (damage) by natural disasters, outbreaks of disease, 78 war. Containing valuable information about evolved strategies to reduce plant stress, seed banks are considered seed 79 (library), and can help to create genetically modified (调整过的) versions of 80 (exist) seeds. The work of seed banks often span decades and even centuries. Most seed banks are 81 (public) funded and seeds are usually available for research that benefits the public. 【答案】 72．why 73．loss 74．an 75．grown 76．at 77．be damaged 78．or 79．libraries 80．existing 81．publicly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了“种子银行”。 72．考查名词性从句。句意：许多人可能想知道为什么要储存种子。“____1____ the seeds are stored”在句中作动词wonder的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作状语，根据下文“One of the major reasons is to preserve the genes that plant growers need to increase yield (产量), disease resistance, drought tolerance, nutritional quality, and the taste of crops. Another is to prevent ____2____ (lose) of genetic diversity in rare or endangered plant species in ____3____ effort to conserve biodiversity.”，可知此处应使用why引导名词性从句，表示“为什么，……的原因”。故填why。 73．考查名词。句意：另一个原因是防止稀有或濒危植物物种的遗传多样性丧失，努力保护生物多样性。设空处在句中作动词prevent的宾语，应填动词lose的名词loss。故填loss。 74．考查冠词。句意：另一个原因是防止稀有或濒危植物物种的遗传多样性丧失，努力保护生物多样性。effort“艰难的尝试，试图，尽力”为可数名词，此处表泛指，应填不定冠词；固定短语in an effort to do sth，意为“为了达到……目标，为了……”，空后effort以元音音素开头，设空处应填不定冠词an。故填an。 75．考查非谓语动词。句意：人类在几个世纪前种植的许多植物现在使用的频率较低；种子银行提供了一种保护历史和文化价值的方法。 “____4____ (grow) centuries ago by humans”作后置定语修饰名词短语Many plants，Many plants与动词grow构成逻辑上的被动关系，结合空后的“centuries ago by humans”可知设空处应填grow的过去分词表被动。故填grown。 76．考查介词。句意：在恒定的低温和低水位条件下保存的种子可以防止遗传资源的减少，而这些遗传资源是在田间收集中保存的。句中指“在恒定的低温低水位状态下保存”，“在……温度/水位”用介词at和temperature和water level进行搭配。故填at。 77．考查动词的时态语态。句意：这些可供选择的“活”藏品可能会因自然灾害、疾病爆发或战争而受损。设空处在句中与can构成谓语，主语These alternative “living” collections与动词damage之间为被动关系，由情态动词can可知设空处应填be done构成被动语态。故填be damaged。 78．考查连词。句意：这些可供选择的“活”藏品可能会因自然灾害、疾病爆发或战争而受损。句中“natural disasters, outbreaks of disease”与“war”之间为并列关系，设空处应填连词连接三种可能的情况，连词or“或者”符合句意。故填or。 79．考查可数名词复数。句意：种子“银行”包含了减少植物胁迫的进化策略的宝贵信息，被认为是种子库，可以帮助创造现有种子的转基因版本。library为可数名词，根据句中的“seed banks”可知此处应填library的复数形式。故填libraries。 80．考查形容词。句意：种子“银行”包含了减少植物胁迫的进化策略的宝贵信息，被认为是种子库，可以帮助创造现有种子的转基因版本。设空处在句中作定语修饰名词seeds，形容词existing“现存的”符合句意。故填existing。 81．考查副词。句意：大多数种子库是公共资助的，种子通常用于造福公众的研究。设空处修饰谓语动词are funded，应填public的副词publicly。故填publicly。 （22-23高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The first folding fans were made around 1000 A．D．in China, and were brought to Europe by Portuguese traders in the early 1500s. One type of folding fans 82 (compose) of sticks of identical length held together at the bottom with a curved leaf of paper, silk, lace or other materials glued to the sticks. 83 type of folding fan is the brisé fan, 84 (consist) only of decorative sticks with no pleased (起褶的) leaf. The brisé fan was popular in the 17th and early 18th centuries, but was never as widespread as the folding fan with a painted and pleated leaf. However, in the late 18th and early 19th century 85 (small) fans had come into fashion, perhaps due to the narrower, high-waisted dresses that could no longer accommodate large pockets beneath, 86 one could put a large fan. The smaller fan, often 87 (call) “opera” size, could have 88 (easy) slipped into a handbag. Whatever the reason, smaller fans saw 89 increase in popularity during this period. The 90 (carve) of the brisé fan is so delicate that it can set some fashionable ladies apart 91 others in a party. They carried brisé fans to make their simplicity echo the general simplicity of dress. 【答案】 82．is composed 83．Another 84．consisting 85．smaller 86．where 87．called 88．easily 89．an 90．carving 91．from 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了扇子的历史。 82．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：一种折扇是由底部固定在一起的相同长度的棍子组成，然后把纸、丝绸、蕾丝或其他材料制成的弧形扇面粘在棍子上。分析句子可知，compose (组成)是句中谓语动词，与主语One type of folding fans之间是被动关系，陈述一般性事实，应使用一般现在时态，“one type of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is composed。 83．考查限定词。句意：另一种类型的折扇是布褶扇，只由装饰性的棍子组成，没有褶叶。根据句意，表示“另一”，同时结合常识，折扇类型有很多，所以是“很多种类型中的另一个种”，应用限定词another作定语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Another。 84．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一种类型的折扇是布褶扇，只由装饰性的棍子组成，没有褶叶。分析句子可知，“(consist) only of decorative sticks with no pleased (起褶的) leaf.”作后置定语修饰名词the brisé fan，动词短语consist of(由……组成)用非谓语动词形式，该短语无被动语态，作非谓语动词时只用现在分词形式。故填consisting。 85．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，在18世纪末和19世纪初，较小的扇子开始流行起来，可能是由于更窄的高腰连衣裙无法再容纳人们可以在里面放一个大扇子的大口袋。根据句意和下文“The smaller fan, often 　6　 (call) “opera” size”可知，应用形容词比较级smaller作定语，指“较小”的扇子。故填smaller。 86．考查定语从句。句意：然而，在18世纪末和19世纪初，较小的扇子开始流行起来，可能是由于更窄的高腰连衣裙无法再容纳人们可以在里面放一个大扇子的大口袋。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词large pockets，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在大口袋里面”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 87．考查非谓语动词。句意：较小的扇子，通常被称为“曲谱”大小，可以很容易地塞进手提包里。分析句子可知，“often 　6　 (call) “opera” size”作后置定语修饰名词The smaller fan，call是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The smaller fan之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填called。 88．考查副词。句意：较小的扇子，通常被称为“曲谱”大小，可以很容易地塞进手提包里。提示词修饰动词slipped，用副词easily作状语，意为“容易地”。故填easily。 89．考查冠词。句意：不管是什么原因，在此期间，小扇子的受欢迎程度有所上升。an increase in...是固定搭配，意为“……增加/上升”。故填an。 90．考查名词。句意：布里斯班扇的雕刻得如此精致，以至于它能使一些时髦的女士在聚会上脱颖而出。提示词在句中作主语，用名词carving，意为“雕刻”，句中是抽象名词不可数。故填carving。 91．考查介词。句意：布里斯班扇的雕刻得如此精致，以至于它能使一些时髦的女士在聚会上脱颖而出。set apart from...是固定搭配，意为“使……与……区分开来”。故填from。 （22-23高二下·海南省直辖县级单位·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has once again showed its ability 92 (change) the world with its “four new great 93 (invention)”— high-speed rail, mobile payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping. China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing, is now one of the fastest trains in the world, 94 can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. China 95 (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade. Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But 96 is much more convenient for people to travel to their destinations through it. Leading Chinese bike-sharing companies are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain. And back in China, when riding 97 shared bike, you can stop to buy and eat whatever you want 98 (simple) with a tap of your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by 99 (scan) the seller’s QR code. Mobile payment has grown into a 100 (choose) for Chinese people — even a pancake seller is using it. Besides, the four innovative ways of life are most appealing 101 youths from other countries, and they wish their countries would go further in terms of technological achievement. 【答案】 92．to change 93．inventions 94．which 95．has improved 96．it 97．a 98．simply 99．scanning 100．choice 101．to 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国的“新四大发明”——高铁、移动支付、共享单车和网上购物。 92．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国凭借其“新四大发明”——高铁、移动支付、共享单车和网上购物，再次展示了其改变世界的能力。分析句子成分可知，空处应为不定式作后置定语修饰名词“ability”。故填to change。 93．考查名词。句意：中国凭借其“新四大发明”——高铁、移动支付、共享单车和网上购物，再次展示了其改变世界的能力。根据空前的数词“four”可知，提示词应为复数。故填inventions。 94．考查关系词。句意：中国新一代高速列车“复兴号”是目前世界上速度最快的列车之一，时速可达350公里。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指代先行词“trains”，为物，在从句中充当主语。故填which。 95．考查谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年里，中国以许多其他创新的方式改善了人民的生活。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词。照应时间状语“over the last decade”以及主语“China”可知，为现在完成时，为单数。故填has improved。 96．考查代词。句意：但是人们通过它去目的地旅行要方便得多。固定句型it is convenient for sb. to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是方便的”。其中“it”为形式主语，“to do sth.”为真正的主语。故填it。 97．考查冠词。句意：而在中国，当你骑着共享单车时，只要轻按一下手机，你就可以停下来买东西、吃东西。此处表示泛指“一辆共享单车”，故应为不定冠词。照应空后词“shared”，为辅音音素开头，故应为a。故填a。 98．考查副词。句意：而在中国，当你骑着共享单车时，只要轻按一下手机，你就可以停下来买东西、吃东西。空处应为副词修饰介词短语“with a tap”。故填simply。 99．考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以用智能手机扫描卖家的二维码轻松付款。空前为介词，故空处应为doing形式作宾语。故填scanning。 100．考查名词。句意：移动支付已经成为中国人的一种选择——甚至连卖煎饼的人都在使用它。照应空前冠词，故空处应为名词作宾语。故填choice。 101．考查介词。句意：此外，这四种创新的生活方式对其他国家的年轻人最具吸引力，他们希望自己的国家在科技成就方面走得更远。固定搭配appeal to“对……有吸引力”。故填to。 （2023高二上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Despite occupying a relatively small area, rainforests have an important role to play in maintaining the world and they are home to a rich 102 (various) of medicinal plants, birds and animals. As the lungs of the planet, rainforests have their own perfect system, 103 ensures their own survival. The tall trees make a canopy (顶篷) of branches and leaves that protect themselves, smaller plants and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat 104 (release) from the sun and strong winds. 105 (amazing), the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch 106 of another tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate way 107 (prevent) the spread of any tree discases. The ground floor of the forest is not all twisted leaves and bushes, 108 a fairly clear land. It is where leaves transform 109 food for the trees and other forest life. Worryingly, rainforests around the world are disappearing at 110 alarming rate. A few thousand years ago, rainforests 111 (cover) as much as 12 per cent of the land surface on Earth, but today this has fallen to less than 7 per cent. 【答案】 102．variety 103．which 104．released 105．Amazingly 106．those 107．to prevent 108．but 109．into 110．an 111．covered 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是雨林在维护全球环境方面的作用以及目前的处境。 102．考查名词。句意：尽管占地面积相对较小，但雨林在维护世界环境方面发挥着重要作用，它们是各种药用植物、鸟类和动物的家园。分析句子可知。形容词后应为名词，various的名词是variety，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用名词单数，a variety of意为“各种各样的”符合句意。故填variety。 103．考查定语从句。句意：作为地球的肺，雨林有自己完善的系统，确保了它们的生存。分析句子可知，此处应为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词为their own perfect system指的是物。故填which。 104．考查非谓语动词。句意：高大的树木由树枝和树叶组成的树冠可以保护它们自己、较小的植物和森林动物免受大雨、太阳释放的强烈干热和强风的伤害。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，release与所修饰词heat之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填released。 105．考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这些树的叶子和树枝虽然靠得很近，但却从来没有碰到过另一棵树的叶子和树枝。分析句子可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰句子，amazing的副词为amazingly，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Amazingly。 106．考查代词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这些树的叶子和树枝虽然靠得很近，但却从来没有碰到过另一棵树的叶子和树枝。分析句子可知，此处应为代词作宾语，结合句意，此处指代的是名词复数leaves and branches，且特指“其它树木叶子和树枝”，所以使用指示代词those。故填those。 107．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们认为这是一种有意，以防止任何树木疾病传播的方式。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词way，通常情况下，不定式修饰way，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填to prevent。 108．考查连词。句意：森林的底层并非全是扭曲的树叶和灌木，而是一片相当清澈的土地。分析句子可知，此处应为连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，空前与空后的句意之间为转折关系，所以此处应使用并列连词but。故填but。 109．考查介词。句意：在这里，树叶转化为树木和其他森林生物的食物。分析句子可知，此处应为固定短语transform into意为“转换为”符合句意。故填into。 110．考查冠词。句意：令人担忧的是，世界各地的热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失。分析句子可知，此处应为固定用法，at a …rate意为“以……的速度”符合句意，且空前alarming第一个音节为元音。故填an。 111．考查谓语动词。句意：几千年前，热带雨林覆盖了地球陆地面积的12%，但今天这一比例已降至不到7%。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语“A few thousand years ago”可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，且与句子主语之间为主动关系。故填covered。 （2022·吉林·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fifty years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started 112 new chapter in space exploration. 113 (mark) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on April 24. The mission, Tianwen got its name from a long poem Tianwen 114 (write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions 115 (concern) the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts on traditional ideas 116 his pursuit of truth. So far, China 117 (make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites 118 (independent). Over the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Change series were designed to explore outer space, expanded 119 (mankind) understanding of Earth and the universe. This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, 120 represents a milestone for China’s move toward deep space. With the names deep roots 121 Chinese traditional culture, Tianwen demonstrates the determination and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into deep space. 【答案】 112．a 113．To mark 114．written 115．concerning 116．and 117．has made 118．independently 119．mankind’s 120．which 121．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的航空航天发展史和所取得的成就。 112．考查冠词。句意：50年前，中国成功发射了第一颗卫星“东方红1号”，揭开了太空探索的一个新篇章。分析句子可知，句中泛指太空探索的一个新篇章，故空格处应用不定冠词，“new”音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。 113．考查非谓语动词。句意：为纪念其50周年，中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了该国火星行星探测项目的名称。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“announced”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“纪念其50周年”是“中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了该国火星行星探测项目的名称”的目的，故应用不定式作目的状语，“mark”意为“纪念”，动词词性，句首单词首字母大写，故空格处应填“To mark”。故填To mark。 114．考查非谓语动词。句意：太空飞行任务“天问”的名字来源于战国时期著名诗人屈原写的一首长诗《天问》。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“got”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Tianwen”和“write”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“write”的过去分词“written”，作后置定语修饰“Tianwen”。故填written。 115．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。分析句子可知句中缺少介词，表示“关于”用concerning。故填concerning。 116．考查连词。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。分析句子可知，句中“对传统观念的怀疑”和“对真理的追求”为并列关系，故应用连词“and”连接，表并列。故填and。 117．考查时态。句意：迄今为止，中国在太空探索方面取得了显著进展。根据句意和句中“So far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，谓语动词为“has/have done”，“China”与“has”连用，“make”的过去分词为“made”，故空格处可填“has made”。故填has made。 118．考查副词。句意：1970年，中国发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。分析句子可知，“launch”为动词，应用副词修饰，作状语，“independent”为形容词，对应的副词为“independently”，意为“独立地”。故填independently。 119．考查名词所有格。句意：在过去几年中，中国的太空飞行任务，包括神舟和嫦娥系列，旨在探索外层空间，扩大人类对地球和宇宙的理解。分析句子可知，“understanding”为名词，前面应用“mankind”的所有格“mankind’s”修饰，意为“人类的”。故填mankind’s。 120．考查定语从句。句意：这一次，天问系列将执行第一次火星探测任务，这代表中国迈向外太空的一个里程碑。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“天问系列将执行第一次火星探测任务”这件事，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。 121．考查固定短语。句意：天问的名字深深起源于中国传统文化，显示了中国人深入外太空的决心和毅力。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“root in…”，意为“起源于……”，故空格处应用“in”。故填in。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$