重点话题04 人与社会 科学技术 阅读理解 -【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版）

重点话题04 人与社会-科学技术 【同步拓展阅读】 阅读理解2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） 一、人与社会-科学技术阅读理解题的高频词汇 1. 科技类词汇： technology：技术 scientific：科学的 innovation：创新 research：研究 development发展 quantum：量子 2. 社会类词汇： society：社会 community：社区 human：人类 relationship：关系 interaction：互动 development：发展 explore：探索 discover：发现 solve：解决 challenge：挑战 invest：投资 fund：资金 二、人与社会-科学技术阅读理解题考法考点 1. 细节理解题： 这类题目通常要求考生从文章中找出特定的信息或细节。例如，关于某项科技的具体应用、某个社会现象的具体表现等。 应对策略：仔细阅读题目和文章，用笔尖或手指在文章上划过关键信息，如数字、时间、地点、人物等，以便快速定位答案。 2. 推理判断题： 这类题目要求考生根据文章中的信息，推断出某个结论或判断某个观点的正确性。 应对策略：理解文章的主旨和作者的态度，注意文章中的因果关系和逻辑联系，结合常识和背景知识进行推理判断。 3. 主旨大意题： 这类题目要求考生概括文章的主要内容和观点。 应对策略：阅读文章时，注意每段的首句和尾句，它们通常包含段落的主旨。同时，关注文章中的关键词和短语，以及它们的重复和强调。 4. 词汇理解题： 这类题目要求考生根据上下文理解某个词汇的含义。 应对策略：利用构词法、同义词、反义词、上下文线索等方法来猜测词汇的含义。同时，积累高频词汇和短语，提高词汇量和阅读理解能力。 5. 态度观点题： 这类题目要求考生理解作者或文中人物对某个话题或现象的态度和观点。 应对策略：注意文章中的形容词、副词和语气词，以及作者的用词和句式结构。同时，结合常识和背景知识，理解作者的态度和观点。 三、备考建议 1. 扩大词汇量： 积累高频词汇和短语，特别是科技类和社会类词汇。 利用词汇书、在线资源等渠道进行词汇学习。 2. 提高阅读速度： 通过大量阅读来提高阅读速度和理解能力。 练习快速阅读和略读技巧，以便在有限的时间内获取更多信息。 3. 加强语法和句型训练： 掌握基本的语法知识和句型结构。 通过练习和模仿来提高写作和表达能力。 4. 多做真题和模拟题： • 熟悉考试题型和考点。 • 通过做题来检验自己的阅读理解能力和词汇掌握情况。 5. 关注社会热点和科技动态： • 了解当前的社会热点和科技发展趋势。 • 这有助于理解文章中的背景信息和相关知识。 综上所述，人与社会科学技术阅读理解的高二英语词汇、考法和考点涉及多个方面。通过扩大词汇量、提高阅读速度、加强语法和句型训练、多做真题和模拟题以及关注社会热点和科技动态等方法，考生可以全面提高阅读理解能力和应试水平。 四、人与社会-科学技术英语微小短文 短文一：科技与沟通 In today's society, technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. With the advent of smartphones, social media platforms, and video - conferencing tools, distance is no longer a barrier. People can connect with friends, family, and colleagues around the globe in an instant. For example, a businessperson in New York can have a real - time video meeting with a client in Tokyo, discussing important projects without the need for long - haul flights. However, this convenience also brings some challenges. We sometimes find ourselves overly reliant on digital communication, neglecting face - to - face interactions. As a result, the quality of our personal relationships may be affected. Thus, while enjoying the benefits of technological advancements in communication, we should also be aware of maintaining a balance between virtual and real - world connections. 在当今社会，科技彻底改变了我们的沟通方式。随着智能手机、社交媒体平台和视频会议工具的出现，距离不再是障碍。人们可以瞬间与全球各地的朋友、家人和同事建立联系。例如，纽约的一位商人可以与东京的客户进行实时视频会议，讨论重要项目，而无需长途飞行。然而，这种便利也带来了一些挑战。我们有时会发现自己过度依赖数字通信，忽视了面对面的交流。因此，我们人际关系的质量可能会受到影响。所以，在享受通信技术进步带来的好处时，我们也应该意识到要在虚拟和现实世界的联系之间保持平衡。 短文二：科技与环境 Science and technology play a dual - edged role in relation to the environment. On one hand, technological innovations have led to more efficient energy - saving devices and sustainable production methods. Solar panels, for instance, have become increasingly popular, harnessing the sun's energy to provide clean electricity. This helps to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and cut down on greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, some technologies have caused environmental damage. The mass production of electronic devices, for example, generates a large amount of e - waste, which contains harmful substances that can pollute the soil and water. Therefore, as we continue to develop technology, it is crucial that we focus on creating environmentally friendly solutions, ensuring that our technological progress is in harmony with the protection of the environment. 科技在与环境的关系中扮演着双刃剑的角色。一方面，技术创新带来了更高效的节能设备和可持续的生产方法。例如，太阳能电池板越来越受欢迎，它利用太阳能提供清洁电力。这有助于减少我们对化石燃料的依赖，降低温室气体排放。另一方面，一些技术对环境造成了破坏。例如，电子设备的大规模生产产生了大量的电子垃圾，其中含有有害物质，会污染土壤和水。因此，在我们继续发展科技的同时，至关重要的是我们要专注于创造环保解决方案，确保我们的技术进步与环境保护相协调。 五、阅读理解 （湖南省郴州市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试卷）Taking antioxidant supplements such as vitamins C and E might make lung cancers grow bigger and spread by stimulating the formation of blood vessels within tumours (肿瘤), according to a study in mice. One researcher involved has said that people with the condition shouldn’t try to avoid these antioxidants in their diet, but getting more than they need via supplements could cause harm. Martin Bergö at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and his colleagues previously found that supplementing with the antioxidants vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine caused lung cancers to spread in mice. To better understand how this might occur, Bergö and a different team of researchers studied mice with a specific form of lung cancer and mice that had been implanted with human lung cancer cells. They supplemented the mice’s water with vitamin C, which the animals naturally yield, and vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine, which they get from their diet. The researchers gave the mice increasing amounts of these antioxidants, which made the levels of these antioxidants in the mice higher than what was necessary. “Today in society, a lot of people eat healthily. They have some supplements, and then they also consume other antioxidant-rich foods like ginger shots and smoothies,” says Bergö, “If you do all that, you could end up with the levels of doses — too much — that we’ re talking about.” The researchers found that the higher the antioxidant doses, the greater the rate of blood vessel formation in the tumours. This was true for mice with the specific lung cancer and those with implanted human cancer cells. Increased blood vessel growth would probably lead to tumours growing and spreading, says Bergö, but they didn’t study this. Bergö has stressed that people with any form of cancer shouldn’t change their diet on the basis of this research. “If you took away all the antioxidants in food, you would get sick for a range of reasons, such as vitamin deficiencies, and this would influence the cancer,” he says, “We’re focusing on increased doses above the required levels.” 1．What is the effect of antioxidant supplements on lung cancer? A．They help to reduce the risk of lung cancer. B．They have little significant impact on lung cancer. C．They prevent the formation of blood vessels in tumors. D．They may cause the growth and spread of lung cancer. 2．What does the underlined word “yield” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Digest. B．Compose. C．Construct. D．Produce. 3．How did the researchers study antioxidants on mice with lung cancer? A．By implanting human cells only. B．By varying the antioxidant doses. C．By comparing specific antioxidants. D．By keeping antioxidant doses fixed. 4．What does Bergö emphasize about the antioxidants in cancer patients’ diets? A．Antioxidants should be completely avoided. B．High doses of antioxidants can directly cause cancer. C．Antioxidants are necessary but their doses should be controlled. D．The study’s results should be used in adjusting the patients’ diets. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于抗氧化剂补充剂对肺癌影响的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Taking antioxidant supplements such as vitamins C and E might make lung cancers grow bigger and spread by stimulating the formation of blood vessels within tumours (肿瘤), according to a study in mice.(一项小鼠研究显示，服用维生素C和E等抗氧化剂补充剂可能会通过刺激肿瘤内血管的形成，使肺癌生长得更大并发生扩散)”可知，抗氧化剂补充剂可能会导致肺癌的生长和扩散。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句中“vitamin C, which the animals naturally yield (生素C，动物自然yield)”和“vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine, which they get from their diet (维生素E和N-乙酰半胱氨酸，从饮食中获取)”是对比关系，说明维生素E和N-乙酰半胱氨酸是从饮食中获取，而生素C是动物自然产生。故划线词yield意思是“产生”，与D项Produce同义。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers gave the mice increasing amounts of these antioxidants, which made the levels of these antioxidants in the mice higher than what was necessary.(研究人员给老鼠增加了这些抗氧化剂的用量，这使得老鼠体内这些抗氧化剂的水平高于必要水平)”可知，研究人员是通过改变抗氧化剂的剂量来研究抗氧化剂对肺癌小鼠的影响的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bergö has stressed that people with any form of cancer shouldn’t change their diet on the basis of this research. ‘If you took away all the antioxidants in food, you would get sick for a range of reasons, such as vitamin deficiencies, and this would influence the cancer,’ he says, ‘We’re focusing on increased doses above the required levels.’(Bergö强调，任何形式的癌症患者都不应该根据这项研究改变他们的饮食。‘如果你去掉食物中所有的抗氧化剂，你会因为一系列原因而生病，比如维生素缺乏，这会影响癌症，’他说，‘我们关注的是超过所需水平的剂量增加。’)”可知，Bergö强调抗氧化剂是必要的，但应该控制其剂量。故选C项。 （江苏省淮安市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题）Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere have caused intense hurricanes, wildfires, extreme heat, floods, droughts and more in recent years. Alongside efforts to reduce emissions (排放) of the gas from burning fossil fuels, some scientists are also looking for processes that could get rid of some of the carbon dioxide that’s already up there. “You have to take some CO₂ from the air,” says Omar Yaghi, a chemist at UC Berkeley. “Even if we stop emitting CO₂, we still need to take some out of the air. We don’t have any other options.” Now, Yaghi and his team have developed a new material that they say could be a game changer for this task and potentially be used in industrial facilities within the next few years. To the naked eye, it looks like a yellow powder (粉末). Under a microscope, it looks like tiny basketballs with billions of tiny holes, according to the L. A．Times. The material is called COF-999. In one experiment, they put a tube filled with the material outside and measured the carbon dioxide concentrations after air passed through. The exiting air was totally free of the greenhouse gas. “We were removing the CO₂ out of the air entirely,” says Yaghi. Study lead author Zihui Zhou, a material chemist at UC Berkeley, says in a statement that a mere 200 grams of COF-999 can absorb up to 44 pounds of carbon dioxide in one year — the same as a large tree. Some experts caution that it’s too soon to regard COF-999 as a rescuer for the planet, as it hasn’t yet been tested in real-life situations. Jennifer Wilcox, a chemical engineer at the University of Pennsylvania not involved with the work, says that many questions remain, like whether COF-999 might restrict airflow when applied to a filter and whether that would increase energy consumption, in turn. Regardless, chemists will continue to work on new carbon capture technologies. “Carbon capture is the problem of our society today… it’s also a fantastic chemistry problem,” says Yaghi. 1．What is a proper way to solve the problem in Paragraph 1? A．By stopping vehicle gas emissions. B．By replacing oil and other fossil fuels. C．By relocating CO₂ to other areas. D．By removing some CO₂ from the air. 2．What do we know about the new material COF-999? A．It can be used for a game. B．It is extremely small in size. C．It is a man-made yellow powder. D．It has been used in industrial facilities. 3．Why does the author mention the experiment in Paragraph 4? A．To prove the effect of COF-999. B．To promote the use of COF-999. C．To explain the theory behind COF-999. D．To emphasize the importance of COF-999. 4．What does Jennifer Wilcox think of COF-999? A．It can save our planet. B．It will block the flow of air. C．It is too early to market it. D．It proves effective in real life. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大气中二氧化碳浓度上升带来的问题以及一种可能解决该问题的新型材料COF-999。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Alongside efforts to reduce emissions (排放) of the gas from burning fossil fuels, some scientists are also looking for processes that could get rid of some of the carbon dioxide that’s already up there.”(除了努力减少燃烧化石燃料产生的气体排放外，一些科学家还在寻找能够消除部分已经存在的大气中的二氧化碳的方法)和第二段中““You have to take some CO₂ from the air,” says Omar Yaghi, a chemist at UC Berkeley. “Even if we stop emitting CO₂, we still need to take some out of the air. We don’t have any other options.””(加州大学伯克利分校的化学家Omar Yaghi说：“你必须从空气中去除一些二氧化碳。即使我们停止排放二氧化碳，我们仍然需要从空气中去除一些。我们没有其他选择。”)可知，解决第一段中提到的问题的适当方法是从空气中去除一些二氧化碳。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Now, Yaghi and his team have developed a new material that they say could be a game changer for this task and potentially be used in industrial facilities within the next few years. To the naked eye, it looks like a yellow powder (粉末).(现在，Yaghi和他的团队开发了一种新材料，他们说这种材料可能会改变这一任务，并有可能在未来几年内用于工业设施。肉眼看来，它像是一种黄色粉末)”可知，新材料COF-999是一种人造黄色粉末。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In one experiment, they put a tube filled with the material outside and measured the carbon dioxide concentrations after air passed through. The exiting air was totally free of the greenhouse gas.(在一项实验中，他们将装满这种材料的管子放在室外，并测量空气通过后二氧化碳的浓度。排出的空气中完全没有这种温室气体)”和“Study lead author Zihui Zhou, a material chemist at UC Berkeley, says in a statement that a mere 200 grams of COF-999 can absorb up to 44 pounds of carbon dioxide in one year — the same as a large tree.(该研究的主要作者、加州大学伯克利分校的材料化学家Zihui Zhou在一份声明中说，仅仅200克COF-999就能在一年内吸收多达44磅的二氧化碳——相当于一棵大树的吸收量)”可推知，作者提到第四段的实验是为了证明COF-999其捕获二氧化碳的效果。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some experts caution that it’s too soon to regard COF-999 as a rescuer for the planet, as it hasn’t yet been tested in real-life situations. Jennifer Wilcox, a chemical engineer at the University of Pennsylvania not involved with the work, says that many questions remain, like whether COF-999 might restrict airflow when applied to a filter and whether that would increase energy consumption, in turn.(一些专家警告说，现在就把COF-999视为地球的救星还为时过早，因为它还没有在现实生活中进行过测试。宾夕法尼亚大学的化学工程师Jennifer Wilcox并没有参与这项工作，她说，还有许多问题有待解决，比如，当COF-999被应用于过滤器时，是否会限制气流，而这反过来又是否会增加能源消耗)”可推知，Jennifer Wilcox认为还有很多问题有待解决，现在将COF-999推向市场还为时过早。故选C项。 （辽宁省五校联考2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试卷）A native of Florida, U.S, Hannah Herbst, 17, uses water power to deal with energy poverty. Herbst has risen to fame with the development of BEACON, an ocean energy probe that seeks to offer a stable power source to developing countries by using untapped energy from ocean currents. She told Teen Vogue, “I was really involved in theater and athletics and I’m still really into those things. When I was in the seventh grade, I was put into a summer camp. The minute I got there I realized that I was the only girl in the program. I wanted to quit at that moment. But my dad told me, ‘Just try it.’ I tried it for that day and it changed my life.” “At the camp, we started building the robots, which was something I had never done before but many of the boys had, and I realized it was a platform for problem-solving. We were solving simple tasks like how to push a robot off a platform. Learning from my partners as well as online articles about how to program and build was really interesting to me,” said Herbst. Later that year, she received a letter from her pen pal, Ruth, who lived in Ethiopia, and learned that she was living in energy poverty with minimal access to electricity and medical supplies. “I knew that I wanted to do something to help, so I created BEACON.” she said. The device is made from 90% recycled materials easily found throughout the world, including 2-liter bottles and recycled spoons. It costs $12 to make and can produce enough electricity to power an LED light. Hannah imagines BEACON being used in developing countries to power pumps for fresh water and she is working on polishing it to get it available to people all over the world. 1．What can we know about Hannah Herbst in the second and third paragraphs? A．She just liked to learn how to build robots. B．She wanted to stay here because she is the only girl. C．She learned at least two techniques during the camp. D．She was attracted to the summer camp right from the start. 2．How did Hannah Herbst feel after she received a letter from her pen pal? A．indifferent B．shocked C．light-hearted D．sympathetic 3．What can we learn about BEACON from the article? A．It costs 12 dollars each and still remains to be improved. B．It is recyclable and available to people across the world. C．It has been used in developing countries to power pumps. D．The electricity it generates can be used with many traditional lamps. 4．Which section in the magazine might this passage come from? A．Affairs B．Personage C．Science D．Economics 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了汉娜·赫斯特利用海洋能源解决能源贫困的故事。 1．细节理解题。由文章第三段中““At the camp, we started building the robots, which was something I had never done before but many of the boys had, and I realized it was a platform for problem-solving. We were solving simple tasks like how to push a robot off a platform. Learning from my partners as well as online articles about how to program and build was really interesting to me,” said Herbst. (“在营地，我们开始制作机器人，这是我以前从未做过的事情，但很多男孩都做过，我意识到这是一个解决问题的平台。我们解决了一些简单的任务，比如如何把机器人推下平台。从我的合作伙伴以及在线文章中学习如何编程和构建对我来说真的很有趣，”赫布斯特说)”可知，汉娜·赫斯特在夏令营期间至少学到了两项技能，即编程和机器人制作。故选C。 2．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Later that year, she received a letter from her pen pal, Ruth, who lived in Ethiopia, and learned that she was living in energy poverty with minimal access to electricity and medical supplies. “I knew that I wanted to do something to help, so I created BEACON.” she said. (那年晚些时候，她收到了住在埃塞俄比亚的笔友露丝的来信，得知她生活在能源匮乏的环境中，几乎没有电力和医疗用品。“我知道我想做点什么来帮助他们，所以我创建了BEACON。”她说)”可知，汉娜·赫斯特在收到笔友的来信后，了解到笔友生活在能源匮乏的环境中，这让她感到同情，并决定制作BEACON来帮助解决这个问题。故选D。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“The device is made from 90% recycled materials easily found throughout the world, including 2-liter bottles and recycled spoons. It costs $12 to make and can produce enough electricity to power an LED light. Hannah imagines BEACON being used in developing countries to power pumps for fresh water and she is working on polishing it to get it available to people all over the world. (该装置由90%的回收材料制成，这些材料在世界各地都很容易找到，包括2升的瓶子和回收的勺子。它的制造成本为12美元，并能产生足够的电力来驱动一盏LED灯。汉娜设想，BEACON可以在发展中国家用于为淡水泵提供动力，她正在对其进行改进，以便让全世界的人都能使用它)”可知，BEACON是由90%的回收材料制成的，每个造价12美元，仍需改进，且汉娜希望它能被用于发展中国家为淡水泵提供动力。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A native of Florida, U.S, Hannah Herbst, 17, uses water power to deal with energy poverty. Herbst has risen to fame with the development of BEACON, an ocean energy probe that seeks to offer a stable power source to developing countries by using untapped energy from ocean currents. (17岁的汉娜·赫布斯特（Hannah Herbst）是美国佛罗里达州人，她利用水力来解决能源短缺问题。赫布斯特因开发BEACON而声名鹊起。BEACON是一种海洋能源探测器，旨在利用洋流中未开发的能源，为发展中国家提供稳定的能源)”可知，文章主要讲述了汉娜·赫斯特利用海洋能源解决能源贫困的故事，因此这篇文章可能来自杂志的“人物”版块。故选B。 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期末）When 12-year-old Nina Mones was in sixth grade, she struggled to keep up with her math class. And as the teacher pushed ahead with new lessons, she fell further and further behind. Then in the fall of 2019, her school, the Phoenix International Academy, brought in Teach to One 360. “I’m in seventh grade now,” Nina proudly said. “It gave me more confidence in myself.” “This is a model for personalized learning,” said Sheldon H. Jacobson, professor of computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Teach to One 360, and similar systems, often use data analytics (分析) to follow students’ progress, find out their strengths and weaknesses, and adjust teaching methods accordingly. This not only helps students achieve their learning goals more effectively but also encourages a more interactive learning environment. Until 2020, 27 schools across 11 states have adopted Teach to One. Still, getting schools to sign on to the program has been a challenge. Some teachers are unwilling to try new teaching methods, while others worry that these new forms of technology could perhaps lead to the elimination of their jobs. Schools are often under pressure to follow a traditional curriculum (课程) with textbooks and teacher-led classes to ensure that they cover the content needed for standardized tests. Many worry that turning away from traditional practices could affect test results, which would then affect school rankings and the funding these schools receive. There is also the cost of purchasing the program, buying computers for students, adding math teachers, and reconstructing classrooms to meet the requirements of different teaching methods. The total costs involved with such programs can vary dramatically, with most school systems having to depend on grants (拨款) in order to cover them. “You can have the best program in the world, but if you don’t have good operation of it, it’s all for nothing,” said Alfred Cordova, the principal at Taos Middle School. 1．The example of Nina Mones is mentioned in the first paragraph to ________. A．promote an app B．introduce the topic C．express an opinion D．show a difficult situation 2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?? A．How the program works. B．Why the program appeals to students. C．Why the program could change the role of school. D．How the program will help reduce students’ burdens. 3．What are some of the challenges schools face when adopting Teach to One 360? A．Teachers are eager to try new teaching methods. B．Schools have plenty of funding to support the program. C．Traditional textbooks and teacher-led classes are no longer required. D．Some teachers are unwilling to change and worry about job security. 4．What is Alfred Cordova’s attitude towards the future of personalized learning? A．Hopeful. B．Uncertain. C．Negative. D．Concerned. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是个性化学习系统Teach to One 360如何通过数据分析帮助学生提升成绩和自信心，例如12岁的Nina在使用该系统后从六年级的数学困难生转变为七年级时更加自信的学生。 1．推理判断题。根据首段“When 12-year-old Nina Mones was in sixth grade, she struggled to keep up with her math class. And as the teacher pushed ahead with new lessons, she fell further and further behind. Then in the fall of 2019, her school, the Phoenix International Academy, brought in Teach to One 360. “I’m in seventh grade now,” Nina proudly said. “It gave me more confidence in myself.”(当12岁的Nina Mones在六年级时，她在数学课上跟不上进度。随着老师继续教授新课程，她落得越来越远。然后在2019年秋天，她所在的凤凰国际学院引入了Teach to One 360。“我现在是七年级学生了，”Nina自豪地说，“它让我对自己有了更多的信心。”)”可知，12岁的Nina Mones通过使用Teach to One 360学习系统变得更加的自信。由此推知，通过Nina的经历引出了Teach to One 360个性化学习系统这一主题，展示了该系统如何帮助学生提升自信。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的““This is a model for personalized learning,” said Sheldon H. Jacobson, professor of computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.(“这是一种个性化学习的模式，”伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校计算机科学教授谢尔登·H·雅各布森说)”可知，Teach to One 360是一个个性化学习的模式，结合下文“Teach to One 360, and similar systems, often use data analytics (分析) to follow students’ progress, find out their strengths and weaknesses, and adjust teaching methods accordingly.(Teach to One 360和类似的系统经常使用数据分析来跟踪学生的进步，找出他们的优势和劣势，并相应地调整教学方法)”可知，此处介绍了该系统如何使用数据分析跟踪学生的进度、发现他们的优势和劣势，并调整教学方法。由此可知，第二段主要介绍了这个学习系统的工作原理。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Still, getting schools to sign on to the program has been a challenge. Some teachers are unwilling to try new teaching methods, while others worry that these new forms of technology could perhaps lead to the elimination of their jobs.(不过，让学校加入这个项目一直是一个挑战。一些教师不愿意尝试新的教学方法，而另一些教师则担心这些新形式的技术可能会导致他们的工作被淘汰)”可知，一些教师不愿意尝试新的教学方法，并担心新技术可能导致他们失业。由此可知，学校采用Teach to One 360时面临的挑战是一些老师不愿意改变，担心工作保障。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的““You can have the best program in the world, but if you don’t have good operation of it, it’s all for nothing,” said Alfred Cordova, the principal at Taos Middle School.(陶斯中学校长阿尔弗雷德·科尔多瓦（Alfred Cordova）说：“你可以拥有世界上最好的课程，但如果你没有很好的运作，一切都是徒劳。”)”可知，Alfred Cordova认为成功的个性化学习不仅依赖于先进的技术，还依赖于能否有效运行这些技术。由此推知，Alfred Cordova对个性化学习的未来持不确定的态度。故选B项。 （江苏省淮安市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题）Eniola achieved an innovative accomplishment by developing virus-killing air filters (过滤器) for classrooms. She has received funding of $11.5 million from the Connecticut State Bond Commission, which will be used for the setting up of her air-purifying (空气净化) system in schools across Connecticut. Eniola’s journey started in fifth grade. In the wake of the pandemic, their teachers asked them to develop innovative solutions for the pandemic-related issues in schools. This fueled the development of her air-purifying system. “My goal was to make something that everyone could afford and that could make schools safer,” Eniola quoted. Then Eniola’s invention came into being. Each model is priced at $60, and it is a game changing, budget friendly and affordable one for schools. Eniola, who wants to be the first female African American president when she grows up, wrote and mailed Marina Creed, director of The UConn Indoor Air Quality Initiative, a letter inviting scientists from the University of Connecticut (UConn) to her public school. The student wanted to have UConn’s help to build these air filters to improve her school’s indoor air quality, reduce her fellow students’ risk of illness, and also run her own science experiment testing the effectiveness of the devices across classrooms by tracking sick absences. Eniola’s work has gained the much deserved acknowledgement. Scientists of UConn supported her project and put the model to strict testing. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has confirmed its efficiency in removing 99% of airborne viruses, including the infamousCovid-19 virus. Through UConn’s SAFE-CT initiative, $11.5 million in funding is divided in a comprehensive program designed to equip every public school classroom with the system. Marina Creed emphasized the importance of ensuring clean indoor air for everyone. She said, “Clean indoor air should be available to everyone. You can access clean air for only $60worth of materials. Teaching our community how to stay safe and prevent illness from exposure to bad air is critical, especially in the face of a rapidly changing climate.” 1．What led Eniola to work on her invention? A．Stepping into a new grade. B．Planning to finish the assigned work. C．Being infected with Covid-19. D．Being concerned for classmates’ health. 2．What do we know about Eniola’s invention? A．It is user-friendly and stylish. B．It is cost-effective and practical. C．It is eco-friendly and durable. D．It is energy-efficient and reliable. 3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The confirmation from EPA． B．The support from the scientists. C．The test of the purifying system. D．The recognition of Eniola’s work. 4．What advice did Marina Creed give in the last paragraph? A．We should distribute the equipment to every family. B．We should urge the communities to buy the product. C．We should raise awareness of improving indoor air quality. D．We should stay indoors during extreme climate conditions. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了Eniola开发出一种创新的病毒杀灭空气过滤器，并获得资金支持以在康涅狄格州的学校中安装其空气净化系统的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the wake of the pandemic, their teachers asked them to develop innovative solutions for the pandemic-related issues in schools. This fueled the development of her air-purifying system. (在疫情之后，他们的老师要求他们为学校中与疫情相关的问题开发创新解决方案。这激发了她开发空气净化系统的动力。)”可知，Eniola开始她的发明是因为她担心同学们的健康，这促使她开发了空气净化系统。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Each model is priced at $60, and it is a game changing, budget friendly and affordable one for schools. (每个模型定价为60美元，对于学校来说，这是一种具有变革性、预算友好且价格实惠的解决方案。)”可知，Eniola的发明价格合理，对学校来说既实用又经济。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Eniola’s work has gained the much deserved acknowledgement. Scientists of UConn supported her project and put the model to strict testing. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has confirmed its efficiency in removing 99% of airborne viruses, including the infamous Covid-19 virus. (Eniola的工作获得了实至名归的认可。康涅狄格大学（UConn）的科学家们支持了她的项目，并对该模型进行了严格的测试。美国环境保护署（EPA）已证实其能有效去除空气中99%的病毒，包括臭名昭著的新冠病毒（Covid-19）。)”可知，这段主要讲述了Eniola的工作获得了应得的认可，包括康涅狄格大学科学家的支持和环保局对其效率的确认。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Teaching our community how to stay safe and prevent illness from exposure to bad air is critical, especially in the face of a rapidly changing climate. (向我们的社区传授如何保持安全并预防因暴露于劣质空气中而生病的知识至关重要，尤其是在气候快速变化的当下。)”可知，Marina Creed强调了提高社区对改善室内空气质量意识的重要性。故选C。 （24-25高一上·湖北武汉·期末）If all the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players, where does that leave non-human figures, like artificial intelligence chatbots? As it turns out, AI can hold its own against humans when it comes to writing poetry. AI chatbots can imitate famous poets like William Shakespeare well enough to fool many human readers, according to a new paper published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports. In addition, many study participants actually preferred the chatbot’s poetry over the works of well-known writers. In an experiment, researchers asked a group of participants to read and rate poems on 14 qualities, ranging from rhythm (韵律) to originality. The participants were given a mix of poems written by humans and by AI, and the scientists didn’t share anything about the poems’ authorship. The team uncovered a surprise: The participants who didn’t know anything about the poems’ origins gave higher ratings, on average, to those written by the chatbot. Why do readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry? It’s not entirely clear, but part of guess is that they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. Understanding poems written by humans requires deep, critical thinking — and that’s a big part of poetry’s appeal. But modern readers don’t seem to want to do this labor, preferring texts that give them “instant answers”. The study’s findings seem to confirm (证实) some fears about AI, which is that they’ll one day replace human artists and put them out of work. But Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky tells the Washington Post. “If these people in the study read AI poems and liked that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They had a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.” 1．What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A．AI is a player on the world stage. B．AI performs well in poetry writing. C．AI is so playful that it fools the readers. D．AI works well together with all humans. 2．What were participants asked to do with the given poems in the experiment? A．Identify their authors. B．Discuss their meanings. C．Grade them from different aspects. D．Compare them with their own poems. 3．What is a feature of AI-generated poems according to paragraph 3? A．They promote critical thinking. B．They widen readers’ views. C．They require immediate feedback. D．They are easy to understand. 4．What’s Lasky’s attitude towards AI-generated poems? A．Doubtful. B．Welcoming. C．Passionate. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一篇发表于《科学报告》的新论文表明，在诗歌创作领域，人工智能（AI）可与人类抗衡。AI 聊天机器人能模仿如莎士比亚等著名诗人的诗作，足以迷惑众多读者，不少研究参与者甚至更青睐聊天机器人创作的诗歌。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“As it turns out, AI can hold its own against humans when it comes to writing poetry. AI chatbots can imitate famous poets like William Shakespeare well enough to fool many human readers, according to a new paper published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports. In addition, many study participants actually preferred the chatbot’s poetry over the works of well-known writers.( 事实证明，在写诗方面，人工智能可以与人类抗衡。根据周四发表在《科学报告》杂志上的一篇新论文，人工智能聊天机器人可以模仿威廉·莎士比亚等著名诗人，足以欺骗许多人类读者。此外，许多研究参与者实际上更喜欢聊天机器人的诗歌，而不是知名作家的作品。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是AI在写诗方面表现很好。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In an experiment, researchers asked a group of participants to read and rate poems on 14 qualities, ranging from rhythm (韵律) to originality.(在一项实验中，研究人员要求一组参与者阅读诗歌，并根据从节奏到独创性等14个方面对诗歌进行评分。)”可知，在实验中，参与者被要求对给定的诗歌从不同方面打分。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Why do readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry? It’s not entirely clear, but part of guess is that they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. Understanding poems written by humans requires deep, critical thinking — and that’s a big part of poetry’s appeal. But modern readers don’t seem to want to do this labor, preferring texts that give them “instant answers”.( 为什么读者似乎更喜欢人工智能生成的诗歌？这还不完全清楚，但部分猜测是它们相对简单易懂。理解人类写的诗需要深刻的批判性思维——这是诗歌吸引力的一个重要部分。但现代读者似乎不想做这种劳动，他们更喜欢能给他们‘即时答案’的文本。)”可知，根据第三段，人工智能生成的诗歌的特点之一是容易理解。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky tells the Washington Post. “If these people in the study read AI poems and liked that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They had a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.”( 但唯一一位作品被纳入实验的在世诗人多萝西娅·拉斯基（Dorothea Lasky）表示，读者喜欢人工智能生成的诗歌并不一定是件坏事。‘诗歌永远是必要的，’拉斯基告诉《华盛顿邮报》：‘如果研究中的这些人阅读人工智能诗歌，并且比人类创作的诗歌更喜欢这首诗，那么对我来说，这是美丽的。他们对一首诗有很好的体验，我不在乎是谁写的。我觉得这里有容纳所有诗人的空间——甚至是机器人诗人。’)”可推知，拉斯基对人工智能生成的诗歌持欢迎的态度。故选B项。 （24-25高一上·山西太原·阶段练习）Nowadays ultra-processed foods (超加工食品), such as prepackaged soups, sauces, frozen pizza and ready-to-eat meals, are becoming increasingly popular due to their convenience although they could bring higher risk of weight and heart problems. However, a new study has shown that eating too much ultra-processed foods could set your cognitive (认知的) abilities on the road to weakening. The study followed over 10,000 Brazilians for up to 10 years. Cognitive testing, including remembering words and the ability to speak smoothly, was performed at the beginning and end of the study, and subjects were asked about the food they eat and drink regularly. The researchers found people who ate over 20% of daily calories (卡路里) from ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster cognitive decline compared to those who ate less than 20%. “The key problem is that ultra-processed foods are usually very high in sugar, salt and fat, all of which are likely to cause illness, perhaps the most major danger to healthy aging in the body and brain,” said professor Rudy Tanzi. He added, “Ultra-processed foods also replace eating food high in plant fibre (纤维素) which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.” Unfortunately, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake in daily food people eat and drink. For a person who eats 2,000 calories a day, 20% would mean 400 or more calories — for comparison, a small order of fries and regular cheeseburger from fast food restaurants has a total of 530 calories. “People need to know they should cook more and prepare their own food. We say we don’t have time but it really doesn’t take that much time,” said Dr. Claudia Suemoto. “And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain from Alzheimer’s disease.” 1．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “decline” in paragraph 2? A．change B．ability C．fall D．development 2．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The purpose of the study. B．The process and result of the study. C．The effects of the ultra-processed foods. D．The popularity of the ultra-processed foods. 3．What can we infer from the text about ultra-processed foods? A．They are the main cause of brain illness. B．They are the most popular foods nowadays. C．They make up 20% of daily calorie intake. D．They don’t have enough plant fibre needed for body. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Delicious Home Cooking B．The Importance of Plant Fibre C．The Convenience of Ultra-processed Foods D．Ultra-processed Foods Leading to Worse Cognition 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了超加工食品对认知能力的影响，通过一项针对巴西人的长期研究，发现食用过多超加工食品会加速认知能力的下降。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“However, a new study has shown that eating too much ultra-processed foods could set your cognitive (认知的) abilities on the road to weakening.(然而，一项新的研究表明，过量食用超加工食品可能会导致认知能力下降)”可知，过量食用超加工食品可能会导致认知能力下降。再根据划线单词所在句“The researchers found people who ate over 20% of daily calories (卡路里) from ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster cognitive decline compared to those who ate less than 20%.(研究人员发现，与从超加工食品中获取的每日卡路里摄入量低于20%的人相比，摄入量超过20%的人认知能力……速度要快 28%)”可推测，划线单词的意思和“下降”一致。选项C“fall”意为“下降”，符合句意。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The study followed over 10,000 Brazilians for up to 10 years. Cognitive testing, including remembering words and the ability to speak smoothly, was performed at the beginning and end of the study, and subjects were asked about the food they eat and drink regularly. The researchers found people who ate over 20% of daily calories (卡路里) from ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster cognitive decline compared to those who ate less than 20%.(这项研究对1万多名巴西人进行了长达10年的跟踪调查。在研究开始和结束时，对参与者进行了认知测试，包括记忆单词和流畅表达的能力，同时还询问了他们日常饮食的情况。研究人员发现，与从超加工食品中获取的每日卡路里摄入量低于20%的人相比，摄入量超过20%的人认知能力衰退速度要快28%)”可知，第二段主要讲述了研究的过程和结果。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He added, “Ultra-processed foods also replace eating food high in plant fibre (纤维素) which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.”(他还补充道：“超加工食品还取代了高植物纤维食物的摄入，而植物纤维对大脑健康以及降低患阿尔茨海默病等与年龄相关的脑部疾病的风险尤为重要。”)”可知，超加工食品取代了高植物纤维食物的摄入，这意味着超加工食品自身并不含有足够人体所需的植物纤维。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“However, a new study has shown that eating too much ultra-processed foods could set your cognitive (认知的) abilities on the road to weakening.(然而，一项新的研究表明，过量食用超加工食品可能会导致认知能力下降)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了超加工食品对认知能力的影响，通过一项针对巴西人的长期研究，发现食用过多超加工食品会加速认知能力的下降。选项D“Ultra-processed Foods Leading to Worse Cognition(超加工食品导致认知能力变差)”准确概括了文章主旨，即过量食用超加工食品会使认知能力下降，是文章的最佳标题。故选D。 （24-25高二上·湖南岳阳·期末）With the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, many people worry that their jobs could be replaced by AI and robots. But can AI or robots truly replace humans? Every major technological advancement brings with itself a fresh wave of “machine replacement” anxiety, raising the fear that machines will outdo us. From the Industrial Revolution to today’s intelligent systems, every era has raised the same fear. So, will machines actually replace humans? First, it’s true that machines have a replacement effect. Machines have surpassed human capability in many fields. In the production sector, the replacement of humans by machines depends on a machine’s ability to effectively perform a task. To analyze whether machines can replace humans in many, if not all, jobs, it is necessary to make clear that machines replace skills, not people. For instance, during the early assembly line era, companies only needed workers to tighten screws on some products. When machines “mastered” the “screw-tightening” skill, the need for workers in that role declined. As machines evolve, they improve their precision in specific tasks. So once human skill levels lack behind, machines with higher accuracy can become the preferred choice. While automation may replace humans in jobs like “screw-tightening”, it creates more jobs in the machine maintenance and operation sectors. Companies now require individuals with managerial and analytical skills to optimize production and workflow. But this replacement effect has limits. Human labor maintains unique, hard-to-replace qualities like creativity, emotional connection and complex judgment. These qualities are essential in jobs requiring innovation, flexibility, management, or decision-making. The logic of “machines replacing humans” is not only about technical advancement but also about economic optimization (优化). It reshapes job markets, shifting human labor from easily replaceable roles to more valuable, innovative positions. Fortunately, humans are more than just a collection of skills. Every individual has multifaceted qualities — hands that can work, minds that think — and can use experience productively and feel emotions. Embracing creativity, empathy, and intellectual curiosity is key to avoiding replacement. The real question is not whether machines will replace us, but rather, what can we uniquely achieve. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Only workers worry about losing jobs. B．Machines perform better than humans in all fields. C．“Machine replacement” anxiety appears in every era. D．The development of technology causes “machine replacement” anxiety. 2．What causes the decline in the need for workers in some jobs? A．The increase in labor costs. B．The lack of managerial skills. C．The emergence of new industries. D．The improvement of machines’ precision. 3．What can be inferred about the future job market from the text? A．Human jobs will be completely replaced by machines. B．Jobs requiring creativity will be more valuable. C．Only technical jobs will remain in the market. D．Machine maintenance jobs will disappear. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The Irreplaceability of Humans. B．The All-powerful Machines. C．The Rapid Rise of AI. D．The End of Human Labor. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能和机器人对人类工作的影响及人类的不可替代性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“With the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, many people worry that their jobs could be replaced by AI and robots. But can AI or robots truly replace humans? (随着人工智能的迅速崛起，许多人担心自己的工作可能会被人工智能和机器人取代。但人工智能或机器人真的能取代人类吗？)”和第二段中“Every major technological advancement brings with itself a fresh wave of “machine replacement” anxiety, raising the fear that machines will outdo us. (每一项重大的技术进步都会带来新一轮的“机器替代”焦虑，引发人们对机器将超越人类的担忧。)”可知，技术的发展引起了“机器取代人”的焦虑。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“So once human skill levels lack behind, machines with higher accuracy can become the preferred choice. (因此，一旦人类技能水平落后，具有更高精度的机器就会成为首选。)”可知，机器精度的提高导致了对某些工作岗位工人的需求下降。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“These qualities are essential in jobs requiring innovation, flexibility, management, or decision-making. The logic of “machines replacing humans” is not only about technical advancement but also about economic optimization (优化). It reshapes job markets, shifting human labor from easily replaceable roles to more valuable, innovative positions. (创造力、情感联系和复杂判断等品质在需要创新、灵活性、管理或决策的工作中至关重要。“机器取代人”的逻辑不仅关乎技术进步，也关乎经济优化。它重塑了就业市场，将人类劳动力从容易被替代的角色转向更有价值、更具创新性的职位。)”可知，在未来就业市场中，需要创造力的工作将更有价值。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“With the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, many people worry that their jobs could be replaced by AI and robots. But can AI or robots truly replace humans? (随着人工智能的迅速崛起，许多人担心自己的工作可能会被人工智能和机器人取代。但人工智能或机器人真的能取代人类吗？)”可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能和机器人是否能真正取代人类的问题，指出虽然机器在某些方面已经超越了人类，但它们无法取代人类在某些方面的独特品质，如创造力、情感联系和复杂判断。因此，最好的标题应该是强调人类的不可替代性，即“The Irreplaceability of Humans. (人类的不可替代性)”。故选A。 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期末）An AI-generated image posted online shows a modern-day Donald Trump hugging late Elvis Presley tightly. Upon seeing those funny but mindless pictures, people seem to be drawn into a strange circle. They can’t help but repeatedly view similar pictures and enjoy the process, as if addicted. You could say that this is harmless. But what is it adding to the world? The heavy sigh and slightly hungover (难受的) feeling this type of contents brings about might best be described as brain rot, an Oxford’s 2024 Word of the Year. Brain rot is when someone’s mental or intellectual state gets worse, especially as a result of overconsuming low-quality, low-value online content, which is considered trivial. It comes from all those meaningless images and videos that don’t stir the soul. Initially gaining attraction on social media platform, brain rot is now seeing more widespread use. The term increased in usage frequency by 230% between 2023 and 2024. Although it seems very modern, brain rot, as a phrase, dates back to Henry David Thoreau. As Oxford University Press notes on its website, the first recorded use of brain rot is found in Thoreau’s 1854 book Walden. Thoreau criticizes society’s tendency to devalue (使贬值) ideas. He believes this is a sign of a wider decline in mental and intellectual effort. “While England tries to cure the potato rot, will no effort be made to cure the brain rot, which is much more widespread and deadly?” For better or worse (almost certainly worse), the distinction between our online and offline lives has been disappearing for years, and the line is now all but gone. The best thing we can do is see it all as life itself, and know that whatever feeling we are dealing with is a version of what Thoreau dealt with 170 years ago. Only slightly more stupid. 1．Why does the author mention the image posted online? A．To deepen thinking. B．To lead in a concept. C．To present advanced technology. D．To introduce famous persons. 2．What does the underlined word “trivial” probably mean? A．Unimportant. B．Uncertain. C．Dishonorable. D．Impossible. 3．How might Thoreau feel when he referred to Brain rot? A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent. C．Concerned. D．Optimistic. 4．According to the passage, who may have brain rot? A．People browsing videos aimlessly. B．Professors criticizing society’s tendency. C．Netizens sharing pictures online. D．Office workers writing reports offline. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。牛津大学出版社将“脑腐”选为2024年年度词汇。文章介绍了脑腐产生的原因和治疗方式等。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“An AI-generated image posted online shows a modern-day Donald Trump hugging late Elvis Presley tightly. Upon seeing those funny but mindless pictures, people seem to be drawn into a strange circle. They can’t help but repeatedly view similar pictures and enjoy the process, as if addicted. You could say that this is harmless. But what is it adding to the world?(网上发布的一张人工智能生成的照片显示，现代版的唐纳德·特朗普紧紧拥抱已故的猫王。一看到这些滑稽而愚蠢的图片，人们似乎就被拉进了一个奇怪的圈子。他们忍不住反复观看类似的图片，并享受这个过程，就像上瘾了一样。你可以说这是无害的。但它给世界带来了什么？)”以及第二段“The heavy sigh and slightly hungover (难受的) feeling this type of contents brings about might best be described as brain rot, an Oxford’s 2024 Word of the Year.(这种内容所带来的沉重的叹息和轻微的宿醉感可能最适合形容为“脑腐”，这是牛津大学2024年的年度词汇)”可知，作者提到网上发布的图片是为了引入一种观念。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Brain rot is when someone’s mental or intellectual state gets worse, especially as a result of overconsuming low-quality, low-value online content, which is considered(脑腐指的是某人的精神或智力状态恶化，尤其是由于过度消费低质量、低价值的网络内容，这些内容被认为是……)”以及后文“It comes from all those meaningless images and videos that don’t stir the soul.(它来自于那些毫无意义的图片和视频，它们不会触动灵魂)”可知，“脑腐”来自于那些毫无意义的图片和视频，它们不会触动灵魂，说明不重要。故划线词意思是“不重要的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thoreau criticizes society’s tendency to devalue (使贬值) ideas. He believes this is a sign of a wider decline in mental and intellectual effort. “While England tries to cure the potato rot, will no effort be made to cure the brain rot, which is much more widespread and deadly?”(梭罗批评社会贬低思想价值的倾向。他认为，这是一种普遍的心理和智力努力下降的迹象。“在英国试图治愈马铃薯腐烂病的同时，难道就不会努力治疗更为广泛和致命的脑腐烂病吗？”)”可知，当梭罗提到脑腐时，他感到担心。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Brain rot is when someone’s mental or intellectual state gets worse, especially as a result of overconsuming low-quality, low-value online content, which is considered trivial. It comes from all those meaningless images and videos that don’t stir the soul.(脑腐指的是某人的精神或智力状态恶化，尤其是由于过度消费低质量、低价值的网络内容，这些内容被认为是微不足道的。它来自于那些毫无意义的图片和视频，它们不会触动灵魂)”可知，人们漫无目的地浏览视频可能会“脑腐”。故选A。 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期末）As a psychologist who researches winter, I hear a common complaint — at parties, in interviews, at the coffee shop: “Oh, yeah, I definitely have seasonal affective disorder, or SAD．” SAD was first described in the early 1980s by psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal. Today, it’s defined as a subtype (子类型) of clinical depression, one that usually appears as the days get shorter and then recovers each spring when the temperature warms and the sun returns. Most people, who struggle with winter, probably have a very normal response to winter’s cold, dark days: feeling less energetic, less social and less motivated. Almost every living thing changes its behavior in winter. It is natural that we would be affected by changes in our environment, by shifts in light and dark. Historically, people had to adjust their behavior in winter. Preparation was required to make it through a season when food wasn’t as readily available. Without electricity, rhythms were decided by the sun, and more time was spent sleeping during the darkest days of the year. Living in Tromsø, I struggled at times with its darkness, particularly in December. But when I could take a cue (暗示) from the Norwegians around me and adventure out — taking a wintry walk, heading downtown to see the Christmas lights, meeting friends for coffee and a movie — I found myself enjoying the fresh winter air, the unbelievable blueness of the polar night and the comforting atmosphere of the city. I learned from those around me how to lean in to the winter, rather than trying to fight it. This winter, take a cue from the people who winter well by embracing the slow delights of the season. Adapting to the season can help us feel healthier. See tiredness as a motivation to sleep more or find rest in other ways. If you feel like socializing less, allow that to make space for solo pursuits (个人追求): reading, baking or enjoying delicious food. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．SAD’s origin. B．SAD’s duration. C．SAD’s symptoms. D．SAD’s effects. 2．What caused people to adjust their behavior in winter? A．Environmental changes. B．Historical reasons. C．Food supplies. D．Living rhythms. 3．What inspiration does the researcher get from Norwegians? A．If you suffer from winter, try to fight it. B．Never change your relationship with winter. C．Everything will be OK when you leave it alone. D．If you feel winter’s effects, try to work with them. 4．Which may be the best title of the passage? A．Embrace of winter B．Cue from darkness C．Rhythm of season D．Refreshment from depression 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者作为研究冬季的心理学家，常听到人们自称患有季节性情感障碍（SAD）。SAD于20世纪80年代初由诺曼・罗森塔尔首次描述，被定义为临床抑郁症的一种子类型，随日照时长变化而出现和缓解。文章建议今年冬季，人们应向善于过冬的人学习，接受冬季的缓慢乐趣，适应季节变化，将疲倦视为休息信号，少社交时进行个人追求，这样有助于保持健康。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“SAD was first described in the early 1980s by psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal. Today, it’s defined as a subtype (子类型) of clinical depression, one that usually appears as the days get shorter and then recovers each spring when the temperature warms and the sun returns. Most people, who struggle with winter, probably have a very normal response to winter’s cold, dark days: feeling less energetic, less social and less motivated.(精神病学家诺曼·罗森塔尔在20世纪80年代初首次描述了SAD。今天，它被定义为临床抑郁症的一种亚型，通常出现在白天变短的时候，然后在每年春天气温变暖、太阳回来的时候恢复。大多数与冬天作斗争的人，可能对冬天寒冷、黑暗的日子有一个非常正常的反应：感觉精力不足，社交能力不足，缺乏动力)”可知，第二段主要讲的是SAD的症状。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Almost every living thing changes its behavior in winter. It is natural that we would be affected by changes in our environment, by shifts in light and dark. Historically, people had to adjust their behavior in winter.(几乎每一种生物在冬天都会改变它们的行为。我们自然会受到环境变化的影响，受到明暗变化的影响。从历史上看，人们不得不在冬天调整自己的行为)”可知，环境变化促使人们在冬天调整自己的行为。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But when I could take a cue (暗示) from the Norwegians around me and adventure out — taking a wintry walk, heading downtown to see the Christmas lights, meeting friends for coffee and a movie — I found myself enjoying the fresh winter air, the unbelievable blueness of the polar night and the comforting atmosphere of the city. I learned from those around me how to lean in to the winter, rather than trying to fight it.(但是，当我能够从周围的挪威人那里得到启发，开始冒险出去——在冬天散步，去市中心看圣诞灯，和朋友们喝咖啡，看电影——我发现自己在享受冬天的新鲜空气，极地夜晚难以置信的蓝色，以及城市舒适的氛围。我从周围的人那里学会了如何面对冬天，而不是试图与它抗争)”可推知，研究人员从挪威人那里得到的启发是如果你感觉到了冬天的影响，试着去适应它。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“This winter, take a cue from the people who winter well by embracing the slow delights of the season. Adapting to the season can help us feel healthier. See tiredness as a motivation to sleep more or find rest in other ways. If you feel like socializing less, allow that to make space for solo pursuits (个人追求): reading, baking or enjoying delicious food.(这个冬天，从那些善于过冬的人那里得到启示，拥抱这个季节缓慢的快乐。适应季节能让我们感觉更健康。把疲劳看作是多睡或以其他方式休息的动力。如果你想减少社交活动，那就给个人活动留出空间：阅读、烘焙或享受美味的食物)”可知，文章主要讲的是作者作为研究冬季的心理学家，常听到人们自称患有季节性情感障碍（SAD）。SAD于20世纪80 年代初由诺曼・罗森塔尔首次描述，被定义为临床抑郁症的一种子类型，随日照时长变化而出现和缓解。文章建议今年冬季，人们应向善于过冬的人学习，接受冬季的缓慢乐趣，适应季节变化，将疲倦视为休息信号，少社交时进行个人追求，这样有助于保持健康。由此可知，Embrace of winter(拥抱冬天)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期末）BEST APPS FOR BUSY MOMS Between meal preparations, laundry piles, and endless car rides, your to-do lists seem never ending. With all that on your plate, too much screen time can feel like one more thief stealing your precious hours. But what if your phone could be part of the solution? Luckily, with the following apps, you can organize your day, deal with those tasks efficiently, and even get a little “me” time. Cozi Organizer It allows you to set up a shared family calendar for each family member. To-do lists can be assigned and shared with your kids so you can track their chores (家务) as they complete them; all shopping lists can be accessed and updated by any family member. And it also features a family journal for sharing photos. Tasty It helps moms prepare meals while saving time and adding more variety and creativity to their cooking. This free app provides thousands of recipes that can accommodate a wide range of preferences. Short, easy-to-follow videos help simplify the cooking process, making it appealing for kids to join in. Bark Bark manages your children’s mobile screen time and tracks their location in real time. The app covers unlimited devices and charges only one family member monthly. It monitors your kids’ texts. Are you wondering if your kid arrived safely at his friend’s house? Bark uses live GPS and location alerts to monitor their whereabouts. 1．What may be the purpose for moms to choose these apps? A．To reduce daily chores. B．To live a well-organized life. C．To gain numerous rest. D．To solve phone-related issues. 2．What do Cozi Organizer and Tasty have in common? A．Sharing family photos. B．Satisfying picky eaters. C．Getting kids involved. D．Updating shopping lists. 3．Which of following does Bark focus on? A．Mom’s workout. B．Kids’ safety. C．Mom’s routine. D．Kids’ nutrition. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个应用程序，分别是Cozi Organizer、Tasty和Bark，这些应用程序可以帮助忙碌的妈妈们生活得井井有条。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Luckily, with the following apps, you can organize your day, deal with those tasks efficiently, and even get a little “me” time.(幸运的是，有了下面的应用程序，你可以组织你的一天，有效地处理这些任务，甚至得到一点“自己”的时间)”可知，妈妈们选择这些应用程序的目的是过一种井井有条的生活。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Cozi Organizer中“To-do lists can be assigned and shared with your kids so you can track their chores (家务) as they complete them; all shopping lists can be accessed and updated by any family member.(待办事项清单可以分配给你的孩子，并与他们分享，这样你就可以在他们完成家务时追踪他们；所有的购物清单都可以被任何家庭成员访问和更新)”以及Tasty中“Short, easy-to-follow videos help simplify the cooking process, making it appealing for kids to join in.(简单易懂的视频有助于简化烹饪过程，吸引孩子们加入)”可知， Cozi Organizer和Tasty的共同之处是让孩子参与进来。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Bark中“Bark manages your children’s mobile screen time and tracks their location in real time. The app covers unlimited devices and charges only one family member monthly. It monitors your kids’ texts. Are you wondering if your kid arrived safely at his friend’s house? Bark uses live GPS and location alerts to monitor their whereabouts.(Bark可以管理孩子的手机屏幕时间，并实时跟踪他们的位置。这款应用覆盖无限设备，每月只向一位家庭成员收费。它监视你孩子的短信。你是否想知道你的孩子是否安全到达了他的朋友家？Bark使用实时GPS和位置警报来监控他们的位置)”可知，Bark关注的是孩子的安全。故选B项。 （24-25高三上·山东烟台·期末）In rural Kenya, a historic transformation is underway as smallholder farmers, traditionally reliant on age-old methods and struggling with limited information, now hug the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape their livelihoods. Selim, a Kenyan farmer, is drawing on Virtual Agronomist, an AI tool, to enhance his coffee farm’s productivity. By communicating with the tool, Selim receives personalized suggestions on harvest targets and fertilizer (化肥) application. This tailored guidance was crucial. But for that, he would have used much more fertilizer. Last year, the tool aided Selim in achieving his best harvest ever. Before adopting Virtual Agronomist, Selim would simply apply fertilizer using what he described as “general farmer’s knowledge”, applying different types at different times of the year without knowing the soil health, leading to low productivity. Sometimes he would take samples of his soil for testing at distant labs, but the results would take months or even wouldn’t arrive at all. A huge challenge for farmers is not knowing what their soil needs. The story is similar for farmers trying to determine what pests (害虫) and diseases have affected their crops. Musau Mutisya, another Kenyan farmer, used to rely on his own knowledge to identify pests and diseases, but he wasn’t always accurate. Now he chooses PlantVillage, an AI-powered app that helps farmers identify the species of pests when they photograph the diseased plants and also provides actionable solutions. Mutisya said he was doing guesswork in the past, ending up using more money treating what he didn’t know. Kenya has an extension officer-to-farm household ratio of 1:1093. Farmers are hungry for real-time information about their crops and AI is a gamechanger, which fills the gap, affording them easy access to essential farming knowledge and empowering them to make informed decisions. Despite the promising prospects brought by the two tools, some scientists warn of dependence on AI tools for agriculture. “Heavy reliance on them to set farming practices may result in the loss of long-held and tested, native agricultural practices,” said Wairegi, who has researched the AI use in agriculture in Africa. 1．Which word best describes Selim’s and Mutisya’s previous solutions to farming issues? A．Inefficient. B．Complicated. C．Innovative. D．Practical. 2．What can the two AI tools both do? A．Gather and distribute market information. B．Keep track of the variations of the soil. C．Translate multiple languages accurately. D．Judge plant condition and offer advice. 3．What do we know about Wairegi in the last paragraph? A．He proposes using AI reasonably. B．He advocates mere traditional farming. C．He predicts AI will lower agricultural output. D．He is strongly against the AI use in agriculture. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．A Transformative Shift in Remote Farming B．AI Builds Hope for Kenya’s Sustainable Future C．AI for Plants: Kenyan Small Farms Welcome Hi-Tech Tools D．Two Reliable AI Tools: Virtual Agronomist and PlantVillage 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是人工智能工具如何帮助肯尼亚的小农户提升农业生产力，改善生计，并探讨了这种技术变革带来的挑战与机遇。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Before adopting Virtual Agronomist, Selim would simply apply fertilizer using what he described as “general farmer’s knowledge”, applying different types at different times of the year without knowing the soil health, leading to low productivity.(在采用Virtual Agronomist之前，Selim只是使用他所说的“普通农民的知识”施肥，在不了解土壤健康的情况下，在一年中的不同时间施用不同类型的肥料，导致生产力低下)”和第五段中的“Musau Mutisya, another Kenyan farmer, used to rely on his own knowledge to identify pests and diseases, but he wasn’t always accurate.(另一位肯尼亚农民Musau Mutisya过去常常依靠自己的知识来识别病虫害，但他并不总是准确的)”可知，Selim和Mutisya之前的方法效率不高，因为他们依赖于一般性的知识或猜测，这导致了低效的结果。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By communicating with the tool, Selim receives personalized suggestions on harvest targets and fertilizer (化肥) application. This tailored guidance was crucial.(通过与该工具交流，Selim收到关于收获目标和肥料应用的个性化建议。这种量身定制的指导至关重要)”以及第五段中的“Now he chooses PlantVillage, an AI-powered app that helps farmers identify the species of pests when they photograph the diseased plants and also provides actionable solutions.(现在，他选择了PlantVillage，这是一款人工智能应用程序，可以帮助农民在拍摄患病植物时识别害虫的种类，并提供可行的解决方案)”可知，Virtual Agronomist为Selim提供了关于收获目标和化肥应用的个性化建议，而PlantVillage帮助识别害虫种类并提供可操作的解决方案。由此可知，两者都是通过判断植物状况来提供建议的。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的““Heavy reliance on them to set farming practices may result in the loss of long-held and tested, native agricultural practices,” said Wairegi, who has researched the AI use in agriculture in Africa.(研究人工智能在非洲农业中的应用的Wairegi说：“严重依赖它们来制定农业实践可能会导致长期持有和经过考验的当地农业实践的丧失。”)”可知，Wairegi认为过度依赖AI工具可能会导致失去长期持有的农业实践。由此推知，他主张合理地使用AI，而不是完全摒弃传统做法。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是首段“In rural Kenya, a historic transformation is underway as smallholder farmers, traditionally reliant on age-old methods and struggling with limited information, now hug the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape their livelihoods.(在肯尼亚农村，一场历史性的变革正在进行，传统上依赖古老方法、在有限信息下苦苦挣扎的小农户，现在正拥抱人工智能（AI）重塑其生计的潜力)”可知，文本讲述了肯尼亚的小农户开始采用AI技术来改善他们的作物生产。由此可知，“植物人工智能：肯尼亚小农场欢迎高科技工具”与文章内容吻合，且概括了文章主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 （24-25高一上·重庆黔江·期末）If you’re a sports fan, you may be familiar with the emotional rollercoaster (过山车) that comes with sports watching. Whether you’re part of a noisy crowd in a stadium, or just watching at home on TV, it’s easy caught up in the highs and the lows when you celebrate or feel sorry for your favourite team or athlete. Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports be good for you too? The evidence suggests that people who watch live sporting events experience greater wellbeing (健康) than those who don’t. A study published in Public Health in the UK, found sports spectators felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press release, “Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to form group identity and belonging.” She says this then reduces loneliness and boosts wellbeing. But, if for any reason you aren’t keen on going to live events, don’t worry! Watching sports on TV or on the internet may also have positive effects, according to a 2021 study by Tsuji and colleagues. They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely to have depressive symptoms than those who didn’t. On top of that, the sports spectators tended to have richer social networks than non-spectators. The authors suggest that the social networks you gain through watching sports may lower the risk of depressive symptoms. So, the cheers at a live sports event or even casual small talk with friends about your favourite team can bring a sense of camaraderie (情谊) and may reduce loneliness and depression. It seems the health benefits of sports are not limited to physical activity through participation in them, but that we can make gains in our general wellbeing through social bonding. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To share background information. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To present a newly discovered idea. D．To encourage watching sports. 2．What did the study from Croatia indicate about emotional stress? A．It had no impact on health. B．It improved cardiovascular health. C．It increased the risk of heart problems. D．It reduced feelings of loneliness. 3．According to paragraph 2, what did sports spectators experience? A．Increased anxiety. B．Higher life satisfaction. C．Lower social interaction. D．More depressive symptoms. 4．What did the study by Tsuji find about watching sports? A．It leads to richer social networks. B．It increases the risk of depressive symptoms. C．It is more beneficial for younger adults. D．It has no effect on mental health. 5．The passage is developed by ________. A．telling stories B．following space order C．listing numbers D．taking research findings 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了观看体育赛事对人们健康的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you’re a sports fan, you may be familiar with the emotional rollercoaster (过山车) that comes with sports watching. Whether you’re part of a noisy crowd in a stadium, or just watching at home on TV, it’s easy caught up in the highs and the lows when you celebrate or feel sorry for your favourite team or athlete. Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports be good for you too?(如果你是一个体育迷，你可能对观看体育比赛时的情绪过山车很熟悉。无论你是体育场里喧闹的人群中的一员，还是只是在家看电视，当你为你最喜欢的球队或运动员庆祝或感到难过时，你很容易陷入高潮和低谷。这种感觉是如此强烈，事实上，发表在PubMed上的一项来自克罗地亚的研究表明，足球比赛期间的情绪压力会增加患心血管疾病的风险。但是看体育比赛对你也有好处吗？)”可知，第一段的目的是引入文章主题。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据第一段“Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident.(这种感觉是如此强烈，事实上，发表在PubMed上的一项来自克罗地亚的研究表明，足球比赛期间的情绪压力会增加患心血管疾病的风险)”可知，克罗地亚的这项研究关于情绪压力表明它会增加心脏问题的风险，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study published in Public Health in the UK, found sports spectators felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction.(英国《公共卫生》杂志发表的一项研究发现，观看体育比赛的人感觉不那么孤独，生活满意度也更高)”可知，体育观众经历更高的生活满意度。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Watching sports on TV or on the internet may also have positive effects, according to a 2021 study by Tsuji and colleagues. They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely to have depressive symptoms than those who didn’t. On top of that, the sports spectators tended to have richer social networks than non-spectators. The authors suggest that the social networks you gain through watching sports may lower the risk of depressive symptoms.(Tsuji及其同事在2021年进行的一项研究显示，在电视或互联网上观看体育比赛也可能产生积极影响。他们发现，看体育比赛的老年人比不看体育比赛的老年人更不容易出现抑郁症状。最重要的是，体育观众往往比非观众拥有更丰富的社交网络。作者认为，通过观看体育比赛获得的社交网络可能会降低患抑郁症的风险)”可知，Tsuji的研究关于观看体育比赛发现它导致了更丰富的社交网络，从而降低了抑郁症状的风险，故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident.(这种感觉是如此强烈，事实上，发表在PubMed上的一项来自克罗地亚的研究表明，足球比赛期间的情绪压力会增加患心血管疾病的风险)”；第二段“A study published in Public Health in the UK, found sports spectators felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction.(英国《公共卫生》杂志发表的一项研究发现，观看体育比赛的人感觉不那么孤独，生活满意度也更高)”；第三段“Watching sports on TV or on the internet may also have positive effects, according to a 2021 study by Tsuji and colleagues.(Tsuji及其同事在2021年进行的一项研究显示，在电视或互联网上观看体育比赛也可能产生积极影响)”可知，文章通过引用克罗地亚的研究、英国《公共卫生》杂志上的研究以及 Tsuji 及其同事的研究结果来阐述观看体育赛事对人的影响，是通过列举研究发现来展开的，故选D。 （2025·重庆·一模）China is at the forefront of a transportation revolution with the rapid expansion of its robotaxi services, particularly Baidu’s Apollo Go. Since its appearance in Wuhan in 2022, Apollo Go has spread to 11 Chinese cities, completing an impressive 6 million rides. Despite the requirement for passengers to find designed pick-up and drop-off locations, the service has become a hit, largely due to its affordability, thanks to the generosity of Baidu, which currently covers around 60% of the cost of a ride. Apollo Go currently boasts over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan, with ambitions to expand to 1,000 by the end of 2024. Most of the cars in Wuhan possess “Level Four” autonomy, allowing them to operate without human intervention in most driving scenarios, although they may struggle in complex environments like parking garages. As technology advances and costs decrease, Baidu anticipates that its robotaxis will become financially self-sustaining by the end of the year, with profits expected in 2025. This is a significant development in the taxi industry. However, the rise of robotaxis has not been welcomed by all. Wuhan’s taxi drivers are fearing their roles will be replaced by technology. It is unclear how China’s government will deal with their worries. Local officials are actively competing to attract businesses, with Beijing recently drafting new guidelines to regulate autonomous driving, aiming to make the industry more transparent and predictable. In contrast, the development of robotaxis in the West has faced setbacks. General Motors had to suspend operations at Cruise after an incident in San Francisco, and Tesla has delayed the launch of its robotaxi service. If Tesla is allowed to test its service in China, it may further worsen the concerns of Chinese taxi drivers. 1．What makes Apollo Go popular among riders? A．Its extremely good service. B．Its relatively cheap service. C．Its completely automatical control. D．Unnecessary reservation in advance. 2．What is Baidu’s financial strategy for its robotaxi service? A．To count on official helps. B．To charge high fares initially. C．To cover a major part of the cost. D．To avoid financial involvement. 3．What can be inferred about the future of robotaxis in China? A．They will be limited to developed cities. B．They are expected to become profitable. C．They will face significant regulatory difficulties. D．They are likely to be replaced by other vehicles. 4．Why does the author mention General Motors and Tesla? A．To make a comparison between them. B．To introduce competitors of Apollo Go. C．To present global situations of robotaxis. D．To explain reasons for the unemployment. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了百度的Apollo Go无人驾驶出租车服务在中国的快速发展，包括其价格优势、技术水平和扩展计划，同时提到西方无人驾驶出租车的发展遇到挫折，并探讨了中国出租车司机对技术替代的担忧。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despite the requirement for passengers to find designed pick-up and drop-off locations, the service has become a hit, largely due to its affordability, thanks to the generosity of Baidu, which currently covers around 60% of the cost of a ride.(尽管乘客需要找到指定的上下车地点，但这项服务因其经济实惠而大受欢迎，这主要归功于百度的慷慨支持，目前百度承担了每次乘车费用的大约60%)”可知，Apollo Go受欢迎的主要原因是其服务价格相对便宜。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despite the requirement for passengers to find designed pick-up and drop-off locations, the service has become a hit, largely due to its affordability, thanks to the generosity of Baidu, which currently covers around 60% of the cost of a ride. (尽管乘客需要找到指定的上下车地点，但这项服务因其经济实惠而大受欢迎，这主要归功于百度的慷慨支持，目前百度承担了每次乘车费用的大约60%)”可知，百度对其自动驾驶出租车服务的财务策略是承担大部分费用。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“As technology advances and costs decrease, Baidu anticipates that its robotaxis will become financially self-sustaining by the end of the year, with profits expected in 2025. (随着技术的进步和成本的降低，百度预计其机器人出租车将在今年年底实现财务自给自足，预计在2025年实现盈利)”可推知，中国的自动驾驶出租车有望实现盈利。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In contrast, the development of robotaxis in the West has faced setbacks. General Motors had to suspend operations at Cruise after an incident in San Francisco, and Tesla has delayed the launch of its robotaxi service. If Tesla is allowed to test its service in China, it may further worsen the concerns of Chinese taxi drivers. (相比之下，自动驾驶出租车在西方的发展遇到了挫折。在旧金山发生事故后，通用汽车不得不暂停Cruise的运营，特斯拉推迟了其自动驾驶出租车服务的推出。如果特斯拉被允许在中国测试其服务，可能会进一步加剧中国出租车司机的担忧)”可知，此处用通用汽车和特斯拉的自动驾驶出租车服务的推进情况，展示了这一服务在西方发展受阻。由此推知，作者提到两者是为了介绍自动驾驶出租车的全球情况。故选C项。 （24-25高三上·湖南·期末）You are more likely to think of the information that is repeated to be true than the information you hear only once. You assume that if people are going to put in effort to repeat a statement, this reflects the truth of the statement. Simply repeating some pieces of information does not actually make it true, but this tendency — also called the illusory (错觉的) truth effect — is a prejudice that can lead you to draw the wrong conclusions. An important step in decreasing the negative influence of prejudices in thinking is to be aware of them. To what degree are people aware of the illusory truth effect? This question was addressed in the journal Cognition by Simone Mattavelli. In the critical study, participants did two sessions. In one session, they read about a study in which people were exposed to trivia (琐事) statements and then were asked whether both statements they had heard before as well as new statements were true. They were asked to predict the percentage of each statement that would be judged as true. At another session a few days later, participants actually performed this study, reading a set of 20 trivia statements and then judging the truth of 40 statements, half of which were the ones they saw earlier and the other half of which were new. This study replicated the illusory truth effect. People were more likely to judge statements they had seen before as true than statements that were new. Two interesting findings emerged from the predictions. First, participants tended to underestimate the size of the illusory truth effect for everyone. Second, participants were more wrong when predicting their own performance compared to predicting the performance of another person. This work is particularly important in light of the amount of misinformation presented in social media. Many people are influencing public opinions about political and economic matters. Social media websites with misinformation will lead people to believe this information is true just because it is stated. 1．What is Simone’s study mainly about concerning the illusory truth effect? A．People’s awareness of it. B．People’s reaction to it. C．Its causes. D．Its process. 2．How did the participants engage in the first session of the study? A．Reading, repeating and judging. B．Reading, assessing and forecasting. C．Recording, judging and predicting. D．Predicting, observing and reflecting. 3．What does the underlined word “replicate” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Correspond with. B．Be contrary to. C．Put forward. D．Account for. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Simone’s study? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了一种被称为“真相错觉效应”的心理偏见以及Simone Mattavelli关于人们对真相错觉效应意识程度的研究，并指出在社交媒体中存在大量错信息情况的下，这种研究的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“To what degree are people aware of the illusory truth effect? This question was addressed in the journal Cognition by Simone Mattavelli.(人们对真相错觉效应的意识程度如何？Simone Mattavelli在《认知》杂志上发表了关于这个问题的文章。)”可知，Simone的研究主要是关于人们对真相错觉效应的意识。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In one session, they read about a study in which people were exposed to trivia statements and then were asked whether both statements they had heard before as well as new statements were true, They were asked to predict the percentage of each statement that would be judged as true.(在一个环节中，他们阅读了一项研究，在这项研究中，人们接触到一些琐事陈述，然后被问及他们之前听到过的陈述和新陈述是否都是真实的。他们被要求预测每个陈述被判断为真实的百分比。)”可知，在第一环节中，参与者通过阅读琐事陈述，评估这些陈述的真实性，并预测这些陈述被判断为真实的百分比，即参与者是通过“阅读、评估和预测”参与研究的第一部分的。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句下文“People were more likely to judge statements they had seen before as true than statements that were new.(人们更倾向于认为他们之前看到过的陈述是真实的，而不是那些新的陈述。)”可知，实验结果与“真相错觉效应”现象互相印证，即这项研究与真相错觉效应一致。由此可知“replicate”在此处的意思是“与……一致”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This work is particularly important in light of the amount of misinformation presented in social media.(考虑到社交媒体上存在的大量错误信息，这项工作尤为重要。)”可推知，作者对Simone的研究持赞成态度。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重点话题04 人与社会-科学技术 【同步拓展阅读】 阅读理解2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） 一、人与社会-科学技术阅读理解题的高频词汇 1. 科技类词汇： technology：技术 scientific：科学的 innovation：创新 research：研究 development发展 quantum：量子 2. 社会类词汇： society：社会 community：社区 human：人类 relationship：关系 interaction：互动 development：发展 explore：探索 discover：发现 solve：解决 challenge：挑战 invest：投资 fund：资金 二、人与社会-科学技术阅读理解题考法考点 1. 细节理解题： 这类题目通常要求考生从文章中找出特定的信息或细节。例如，关于某项科技的具体应用、某个社会现象的具体表现等。 应对策略：仔细阅读题目和文章，用笔尖或手指在文章上划过关键信息，如数字、时间、地点、人物等，以便快速定位答案。 2. 推理判断题： 这类题目要求考生根据文章中的信息，推断出某个结论或判断某个观点的正确性。 应对策略：理解文章的主旨和作者的态度，注意文章中的因果关系和逻辑联系，结合常识和背景知识进行推理判断。 3. 主旨大意题： 这类题目要求考生概括文章的主要内容和观点。 应对策略：阅读文章时，注意每段的首句和尾句，它们通常包含段落的主旨。同时，关注文章中的关键词和短语，以及它们的重复和强调。 4. 词汇理解题： 这类题目要求考生根据上下文理解某个词汇的含义。 应对策略：利用构词法、同义词、反义词、上下文线索等方法来猜测词汇的含义。同时，积累高频词汇和短语，提高词汇量和阅读理解能力。 5. 态度观点题： 这类题目要求考生理解作者或文中人物对某个话题或现象的态度和观点。 应对策略：注意文章中的形容词、副词和语气词，以及作者的用词和句式结构。同时，结合常识和背景知识，理解作者的态度和观点。 三、备考建议 1. 扩大词汇量： 积累高频词汇和短语，特别是科技类和社会类词汇。 利用词汇书、在线资源等渠道进行词汇学习。 2. 提高阅读速度： 通过大量阅读来提高阅读速度和理解能力。 练习快速阅读和略读技巧，以便在有限的时间内获取更多信息。 3. 加强语法和句型训练： 掌握基本的语法知识和句型结构。 通过练习和模仿来提高写作和表达能力。 4. 多做真题和模拟题： • 熟悉考试题型和考点。 • 通过做题来检验自己的阅读理解能力和词汇掌握情况。 5. 关注社会热点和科技动态： • 了解当前的社会热点和科技发展趋势。 • 这有助于理解文章中的背景信息和相关知识。 综上所述，人与社会科学技术阅读理解的高二英语词汇、考法和考点涉及多个方面。通过扩大词汇量、提高阅读速度、加强语法和句型训练、多做真题和模拟题以及关注社会热点和科技动态等方法，考生可以全面提高阅读理解能力和应试水平。 四、人与社会-科学技术英语小短文欣赏 短文一：科技与沟通 In today's society, technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. With the advent of smartphones, social media platforms, and video - conferencing tools, distance is no longer a barrier. People can connect with friends, family, and colleagues around the globe in an instant. For example, a businessperson in New York can have a real - time video meeting with a client in Tokyo, discussing important projects without the need for long - haul flights. However, this convenience also brings some challenges. We sometimes find ourselves overly reliant on digital communication, neglecting face - to - face interactions. As a result, the quality of our personal relationships may be affected. Thus, while enjoying the benefits of technological advancements in communication, we should also be aware of maintaining a balance between virtual and real - world connections. 在当今社会，科技彻底改变了我们的沟通方式。随着智能手机、社交媒体平台和视频会议工具的出现，距离不再是障碍。人们可以瞬间与全球各地的朋友、家人和同事建立联系。例如，纽约的一位商人可以与东京的客户进行实时视频会议，讨论重要项目，而无需长途飞行。然而，这种便利也带来了一些挑战。我们有时会发现自己过度依赖数字通信，忽视了面对面的交流。因此，我们人际关系的质量可能会受到影响。所以，在享受通信技术进步带来的好处时，我们也应该意识到要在虚拟和现实世界的联系之间保持平衡。 短文二：科技与环境 Science and technology play a dual - edged role in relation to the environment. On one hand, technological innovations have led to more efficient energy - saving devices and sustainable production methods. Solar panels, for instance, have become increasingly popular, harnessing the sun's energy to provide clean electricity. This helps to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and cut down on greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, some technologies have caused environmental damage. The mass production of electronic devices, for example, generates a large amount of e - waste, which contains harmful substances that can pollute the soil and water. Therefore, as we continue to develop technology, it is crucial that we focus on creating environmentally friendly solutions, ensuring that our technological progress is in harmony with the protection of the environment. 科技在与环境的关系中扮演着双刃剑的角色。一方面，技术创新带来了更高效的节能设备和可持续的生产方法。例如，太阳能电池板越来越受欢迎，它利用太阳能提供清洁电力。这有助于减少我们对化石燃料的依赖，降低温室气体排放。另一方面，一些技术对环境造成了破坏。例如，电子设备的大规模生产产生了大量的电子垃圾，其中含有有害物质，会污染土壤和水。因此，在我们继续发展科技的同时，至关重要的是我们要专注于创造环保解决方案，确保我们的技术进步与环境保护相协调。 五、阅读理解 （湖南省郴州市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试卷）Taking antioxidant supplements such as vitamins C and E might make lung cancers grow bigger and spread by stimulating the formation of blood vessels within tumours (肿瘤), according to a study in mice. One researcher involved has said that people with the condition shouldn’t try to avoid these antioxidants in their diet, but getting more than they need via supplements could cause harm. Martin Bergö at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and his colleagues previously found that supplementing with the antioxidants vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine caused lung cancers to spread in mice. To better understand how this might occur, Bergö and a different team of researchers studied mice with a specific form of lung cancer and mice that had been implanted with human lung cancer cells. They supplemented the mice’s water with vitamin C, which the animals naturally yield, and vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine, which they get from their diet. The researchers gave the mice increasing amounts of these antioxidants, which made the levels of these antioxidants in the mice higher than what was necessary. “Today in society, a lot of people eat healthily. They have some supplements, and then they also consume other antioxidant-rich foods like ginger shots and smoothies,” says Bergö, “If you do all that, you could end up with the levels of doses — too much — that we’ re talking about.” The researchers found that the higher the antioxidant doses, the greater the rate of blood vessel formation in the tumours. This was true for mice with the specific lung cancer and those with implanted human cancer cells. Increased blood vessel growth would probably lead to tumours growing and spreading, says Bergö, but they didn’t study this. Bergö has stressed that people with any form of cancer shouldn’t change their diet on the basis of this research. “If you took away all the antioxidants in food, you would get sick for a range of reasons, such as vitamin deficiencies, and this would influence the cancer,” he says, “We’re focusing on increased doses above the required levels.” 1．What is the effect of antioxidant supplements on lung cancer? A．They help to reduce the risk of lung cancer. B．They have little significant impact on lung cancer. C．They prevent the formation of blood vessels in tumors. D．They may cause the growth and spread of lung cancer. 2．What does the underlined word “yield” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Digest. B．Compose. C．Construct. D．Produce. 3．How did the researchers study antioxidants on mice with lung cancer? A．By implanting human cells only. B．By varying the antioxidant doses. C．By comparing specific antioxidants. D．By keeping antioxidant doses fixed. 4．What does Bergö emphasize about the antioxidants in cancer patients’ diets? A．Antioxidants should be completely avoided. B．High doses of antioxidants can directly cause cancer. C．Antioxidants are necessary but their doses should be controlled. D．The study’s results should be used in adjusting the patients’ diets. （江苏省淮安市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题）Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere have caused intense hurricanes, wildfires, extreme heat, floods, droughts and more in recent years. Alongside efforts to reduce emissions (排放) of the gas from burning fossil fuels, some scientists are also looking for processes that could get rid of some of the carbon dioxide that’s already up there. “You have to take some CO₂ from the air,” says Omar Yaghi, a chemist at UC Berkeley. “Even if we stop emitting CO₂, we still need to take some out of the air. We don’t have any other options.” Now, Yaghi and his team have developed a new material that they say could be a game changer for this task and potentially be used in industrial facilities within the next few years. To the naked eye, it looks like a yellow powder (粉末). Under a microscope, it looks like tiny basketballs with billions of tiny holes, according to the L. A．Times. The material is called COF-999. In one experiment, they put a tube filled with the material outside and measured the carbon dioxide concentrations after air passed through. The exiting air was totally free of the greenhouse gas. “We were removing the CO₂ out of the air entirely,” says Yaghi. Study lead author Zihui Zhou, a material chemist at UC Berkeley, says in a statement that a mere 200 grams of COF-999 can absorb up to 44 pounds of carbon dioxide in one year — the same as a large tree. Some experts caution that it’s too soon to regard COF-999 as a rescuer for the planet, as it hasn’t yet been tested in real-life situations. Jennifer Wilcox, a chemical engineer at the University of Pennsylvania not involved with the work, says that many questions remain, like whether COF-999 might restrict airflow when applied to a filter and whether that would increase energy consumption, in turn. Regardless, chemists will continue to work on new carbon capture technologies. “Carbon capture is the problem of our society today… it’s also a fantastic chemistry problem,” says Yaghi. 1．What is a proper way to solve the problem in Paragraph 1? A．By stopping vehicle gas emissions. B．By replacing oil and other fossil fuels. C．By relocating CO₂ to other areas. D．By removing some CO₂ from the air. 2．What do we know about the new material COF-999? A．It can be used for a game. B．It is extremely small in size. C．It is a man-made yellow powder. D．It has been used in industrial facilities. 3．Why does the author mention the experiment in Paragraph 4? A．To prove the effect of COF-999. B．To promote the use of COF-999. C．To explain the theory behind COF-999. D．To emphasize the importance of COF-999. 4．What does Jennifer Wilcox think of COF-999? A．It can save our planet. B．It will block the flow of air. C．It is too early to market it. D．It proves effective in real life. （辽宁省五校联考2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试卷）A native of Florida, U.S, Hannah Herbst, 17, uses water power to deal with energy poverty. Herbst has risen to fame with the development of BEACON, an ocean energy probe that seeks to offer a stable power source to developing countries by using untapped energy from ocean currents. She told Teen Vogue, “I was really involved in theater and athletics and I’m still really into those things. When I was in the seventh grade, I was put into a summer camp. The minute I got there I realized that I was the only girl in the program. I wanted to quit at that moment. But my dad told me, ‘Just try it.’ I tried it for that day and it changed my life.” “At the camp, we started building the robots, which was something I had never done before but many of the boys had, and I realized it was a platform for problem-solving. We were solving simple tasks like how to push a robot off a platform. Learning from my partners as well as online articles about how to program and build was really interesting to me,” said Herbst. Later that year, she received a letter from her pen pal, Ruth, who lived in Ethiopia, and learned that she was living in energy poverty with minimal access to electricity and medical supplies. “I knew that I wanted to do something to help, so I created BEACON.” she said. The device is made from 90% recycled materials easily found throughout the world, including 2-liter bottles and recycled spoons. It costs $12 to make and can produce enough electricity to power an LED light. Hannah imagines BEACON being used in developing countries to power pumps for fresh water and she is working on polishing it to get it available to people all over the world. 1．What can we know about Hannah Herbst in the second and third paragraphs? A．She just liked to learn how to build robots. B．She wanted to stay here because she is the only girl. C．She learned at least two techniques during the camp. D．She was attracted to the summer camp right from the start. 2．How did Hannah Herbst feel after she received a letter from her pen pal? A．indifferent B．shocked C．light-hearted D．sympathetic 3．What can we learn about BEACON from the article? A．It costs 12 dollars each and still remains to be improved. B．It is recyclable and available to people across the world. C．It has been used in developing countries to power pumps. D．The electricity it generates can be used with many traditional lamps. 4．Which section in the magazine might this passage come from? A．Affairs B．Personage C．Science D．Economics （24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期末）When 12-year-old Nina Mones was in sixth grade, she struggled to keep up with her math class. And as the teacher pushed ahead with new lessons, she fell further and further behind. Then in the fall of 2019, her school, the Phoenix International Academy, brought in Teach to One 360. “I’m in seventh grade now,” Nina proudly said. “It gave me more confidence in myself.” “This is a model for personalized learning,” said Sheldon H. Jacobson, professor of computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Teach to One 360, and similar systems, often use data analytics (分析) to follow students’ progress, find out their strengths and weaknesses, and adjust teaching methods accordingly. This not only helps students achieve their learning goals more effectively but also encourages a more interactive learning environment. Until 2020, 27 schools across 11 states have adopted Teach to One. Still, getting schools to sign on to the program has been a challenge. Some teachers are unwilling to try new teaching methods, while others worry that these new forms of technology could perhaps lead to the elimination of their jobs. Schools are often under pressure to follow a traditional curriculum (课程) with textbooks and teacher-led classes to ensure that they cover the content needed for standardized tests. Many worry that turning away from traditional practices could affect test results, which would then affect school rankings and the funding these schools receive. There is also the cost of purchasing the program, buying computers for students, adding math teachers, and reconstructing classrooms to meet the requirements of different teaching methods. The total costs involved with such programs can vary dramatically, with most school systems having to depend on grants (拨款) in order to cover them. “You can have the best program in the world, but if you don’t have good operation of it, it’s all for nothing,” said Alfred Cordova, the principal at Taos Middle School. 1．The example of Nina Mones is mentioned in the first paragraph to ________. A．promote an app B．introduce the topic C．express an opinion D．show a difficult situation 2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?? A．How the program works. B．Why the program appeals to students. C．Why the program could change the role of school. D．How the program will help reduce students’ burdens. 3．What are some of the challenges schools face when adopting Teach to One 360? A．Teachers are eager to try new teaching methods. B．Schools have plenty of funding to support the program. C．Traditional textbooks and teacher-led classes are no longer required. D．Some teachers are unwilling to change and worry about job security. 4．What is Alfred Cordova’s attitude towards the future of personalized learning? A．Hopeful. B．Uncertain. C．Negative. D．Concerned. （江苏省淮安市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题）Eniola achieved an innovative accomplishment by developing virus-killing air filters (过滤器) for classrooms. She has received funding of $11.5 million from the Connecticut State Bond Commission, which will be used for the setting up of her air-purifying (空气净化) system in schools across Connecticut. Eniola’s journey started in fifth grade. In the wake of the pandemic, their teachers asked them to develop innovative solutions for the pandemic-related issues in schools. This fueled the development of her air-purifying system. “My goal was to make something that everyone could afford and that could make schools safer,” Eniola quoted. Then Eniola’s invention came into being. Each model is priced at $60, and it is a game changing, budget friendly and affordable one for schools. Eniola, who wants to be the first female African American president when she grows up, wrote and mailed Marina Creed, director of The UConn Indoor Air Quality Initiative, a letter inviting scientists from the University of Connecticut (UConn) to her public school. The student wanted to have UConn’s help to build these air filters to improve her school’s indoor air quality, reduce her fellow students’ risk of illness, and also run her own science experiment testing the effectiveness of the devices across classrooms by tracking sick absences. Eniola’s work has gained the much deserved acknowledgement. Scientists of UConn supported her project and put the model to strict testing. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has confirmed its efficiency in removing 99% of airborne viruses, including the infamousCovid-19 virus. Through UConn’s SAFE-CT initiative, $11.5 million in funding is divided in a comprehensive program designed to equip every public school classroom with the system. Marina Creed emphasized the importance of ensuring clean indoor air for everyone. She said, “Clean indoor air should be available to everyone. You can access clean air for only $60worth of materials. Teaching our community how to stay safe and prevent illness from exposure to bad air is critical, especially in the face of a rapidly changing climate.” 1．What led Eniola to work on her invention? A．Stepping into a new grade. B．Planning to finish the assigned work. C．Being infected with Covid-19. D．Being concerned for classmates’ health. 2．What do we know about Eniola’s invention? A．It is user-friendly and stylish. B．It is cost-effective and practical. C．It is eco-friendly and durable. D．It is energy-efficient and reliable. 3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The confirmation from EPA． B．The support from the scientists. C．The test of the purifying system. D．The recognition of Eniola’s work. 4．What advice did Marina Creed give in the last paragraph? A．We should distribute the equipment to every family. B．We should urge the communities to buy the product. C．We should raise awareness of improving indoor air quality. D．We should stay indoors during extreme climate conditions. （24-25高一上·湖北武汉·期末）If all the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players, where does that leave non-human figures, like artificial intelligence chatbots? As it turns out, AI can hold its own against humans when it comes to writing poetry. AI chatbots can imitate famous poets like William Shakespeare well enough to fool many human readers, according to a new paper published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports. In addition, many study participants actually preferred the chatbot’s poetry over the works of well-known writers. In an experiment, researchers asked a group of participants to read and rate poems on 14 qualities, ranging from rhythm (韵律) to originality. The participants were given a mix of poems written by humans and by AI, and the scientists didn’t share anything about the poems’ authorship. The team uncovered a surprise: The participants who didn’t know anything about the poems’ origins gave higher ratings, on average, to those written by the chatbot. Why do readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry? It’s not entirely clear, but part of guess is that they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. Understanding poems written by humans requires deep, critical thinking — and that’s a big part of poetry’s appeal. But modern readers don’t seem to want to do this labor, preferring texts that give them “instant answers”. The study’s findings seem to confirm (证实) some fears about AI, which is that they’ll one day replace human artists and put them out of work. But Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky tells the Washington Post. “If these people in the study read AI poems and liked that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They had a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.” 1．What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A．AI is a player on the world stage. B．AI performs well in poetry writing. C．AI is so playful that it fools the readers. D．AI works well together with all humans. 2．What were participants asked to do with the given poems in the experiment? A．Identify their authors. B．Discuss their meanings. C．Grade them from different aspects. D．Compare them with their own poems. 3．What is a feature of AI-generated poems according to paragraph 3? A．They promote critical thinking. B．They widen readers’ views. C．They require immediate feedback. D．They are easy to understand. 4．What’s Lasky’s attitude towards AI-generated poems? A．Doubtful. B．Welcoming. C．Passionate. D．Indifferent. （24-25高一上·山西太原·阶段练习）Nowadays ultra-processed foods (超加工食品), such as prepackaged soups, sauces, frozen pizza and ready-to-eat meals, are becoming increasingly popular due to their convenience although they could bring higher risk of weight and heart problems. However, a new study has shown that eating too much ultra-processed foods could set your cognitive (认知的) abilities on the road to weakening. The study followed over 10,000 Brazilians for up to 10 years. Cognitive testing, including remembering words and the ability to speak smoothly, was performed at the beginning and end of the study, and subjects were asked about the food they eat and drink regularly. The researchers found people who ate over 20% of daily calories (卡路里) from ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster cognitive decline compared to those who ate less than 20%. “The key problem is that ultra-processed foods are usually very high in sugar, salt and fat, all of which are likely to cause illness, perhaps the most major danger to healthy aging in the body and brain,” said professor Rudy Tanzi. He added, “Ultra-processed foods also replace eating food high in plant fibre (纤维素) which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.” Unfortunately, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake in daily food people eat and drink. For a person who eats 2,000 calories a day, 20% would mean 400 or more calories — for comparison, a small order of fries and regular cheeseburger from fast food restaurants has a total of 530 calories. “People need to know they should cook more and prepare their own food. We say we don’t have time but it really doesn’t take that much time,” said Dr. Claudia Suemoto. “And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain from Alzheimer’s disease.” 1．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “decline” in paragraph 2? A．change B．ability C．fall D．development 2．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The purpose of the study. B．The process and result of the study. C．The effects of the ultra-processed foods. D．The popularity of the ultra-processed foods. 3．What can we infer from the text about ultra-processed foods? A．They are the main cause of brain illness. B．They are the most popular foods nowadays. C．They make up 20% of daily calorie intake. D．They don’t have enough plant fibre needed for body. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Delicious Home Cooking B．The Importance of Plant Fibre C．The Convenience of Ultra-processed Foods D．Ultra-processed Foods Leading to Worse Cognition （24-25高二上·湖南岳阳·期末）With the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, many people worry that their jobs could be replaced by AI and robots. But can AI or robots truly replace humans? Every major technological advancement brings with itself a fresh wave of “machine replacement” anxiety, raising the fear that machines will outdo us. From the Industrial Revolution to today’s intelligent systems, every era has raised the same fear. So, will machines actually replace humans? First, it’s true that machines have a replacement effect. Machines have surpassed human capability in many fields. In the production sector, the replacement of humans by machines depends on a machine’s ability to effectively perform a task. To analyze whether machines can replace humans in many, if not all, jobs, it is necessary to make clear that machines replace skills, not people. For instance, during the early assembly line era, companies only needed workers to tighten screws on some products. When machines “mastered” the “screw-tightening” skill, the need for workers in that role declined. As machines evolve, they improve their precision in specific tasks. So once human skill levels lack behind, machines with higher accuracy can become the preferred choice. While automation may replace humans in jobs like “screw-tightening”, it creates more jobs in the machine maintenance and operation sectors. Companies now require individuals with managerial and analytical skills to optimize production and workflow. But this replacement effect has limits. Human labor maintains unique, hard-to-replace qualities like creativity, emotional connection and complex judgment. These qualities are essential in jobs requiring innovation, flexibility, management, or decision-making. The logic of “machines replacing humans” is not only about technical advancement but also about economic optimization (优化). It reshapes job markets, shifting human labor from easily replaceable roles to more valuable, innovative positions. Fortunately, humans are more than just a collection of skills. Every individual has multifaceted qualities — hands that can work, minds that think — and can use experience productively and feel emotions. Embracing creativity, empathy, and intellectual curiosity is key to avoiding replacement. The real question is not whether machines will replace us, but rather, what can we uniquely achieve. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Only workers worry about losing jobs. B．Machines perform better than humans in all fields. C．“Machine replacement” anxiety appears in every era. D．The development of technology causes “machine replacement” anxiety. 2．What causes the decline in the need for workers in some jobs? A．The increase in labor costs. B．The lack of managerial skills. C．The emergence of new industries. D．The improvement of machines’ precision. 3．What can be inferred about the future job market from the text? A．Human jobs will be completely replaced by machines. B．Jobs requiring creativity will be more valuable. C．Only technical jobs will remain in the market. D．Machine maintenance jobs will disappear. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The Irreplaceability of Humans. B．The All-powerful Machines. C．The Rapid Rise of AI. D．The End of Human Labor. （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期末）An AI-generated image posted online shows a modern-day Donald Trump hugging late Elvis Presley tightly. Upon seeing those funny but mindless pictures, people seem to be drawn into a strange circle. They can’t help but repeatedly view similar pictures and enjoy the process, as if addicted. You could say that this is harmless. But what is it adding to the world? The heavy sigh and slightly hungover (难受的) feeling this type of contents brings about might best be described as brain rot, an Oxford’s 2024 Word of the Year. Brain rot is when someone’s mental or intellectual state gets worse, especially as a result of overconsuming low-quality, low-value online content, which is considered trivial. It comes from all those meaningless images and videos that don’t stir the soul. Initially gaining attraction on social media platform, brain rot is now seeing more widespread use. The term increased in usage frequency by 230% between 2023 and 2024. Although it seems very modern, brain rot, as a phrase, dates back to Henry David Thoreau. As Oxford University Press notes on its website, the first recorded use of brain rot is found in Thoreau’s 1854 book Walden. Thoreau criticizes society’s tendency to devalue (使贬值) ideas. He believes this is a sign of a wider decline in mental and intellectual effort. “While England tries to cure the potato rot, will no effort be made to cure the brain rot, which is much more widespread and deadly?” For better or worse (almost certainly worse), the distinction between our online and offline lives has been disappearing for years, and the line is now all but gone. The best thing we can do is see it all as life itself, and know that whatever feeling we are dealing with is a version of what Thoreau dealt with 170 years ago. Only slightly more stupid. 1．Why does the author mention the image posted online? A．To deepen thinking. B．To lead in a concept. C．To present advanced technology. D．To introduce famous persons. 2．What does the underlined word “trivial” probably mean? A．Unimportant. B．Uncertain. C．Dishonorable. D．Impossible. 3．How might Thoreau feel when he referred to Brain rot? A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent. C．Concerned. D．Optimistic. 4．According to the passage, who may have brain rot? A．People browsing videos aimlessly. B．Professors criticizing society’s tendency. C．Netizens sharing pictures online. D．Office workers writing reports offline. （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期末）As a psychologist who researches winter, I hear a common complaint — at parties, in interviews, at the coffee shop: “Oh, yeah, I definitely have seasonal affective disorder, or SAD．” SAD was first described in the early 1980s by psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal. Today, it’s defined as a subtype (子类型) of clinical depression, one that usually appears as the days get shorter and then recovers each spring when the temperature warms and the sun returns. Most people, who struggle with winter, probably have a very normal response to winter’s cold, dark days: feeling less energetic, less social and less motivated. Almost every living thing changes its behavior in winter. It is natural that we would be affected by changes in our environment, by shifts in light and dark. Historically, people had to adjust their behavior in winter. Preparation was required to make it through a season when food wasn’t as readily available. Without electricity, rhythms were decided by the sun, and more time was spent sleeping during the darkest days of the year. Living in Tromsø, I struggled at times with its darkness, particularly in December. But when I could take a cue (暗示) from the Norwegians around me and adventure out — taking a wintry walk, heading downtown to see the Christmas lights, meeting friends for coffee and a movie — I found myself enjoying the fresh winter air, the unbelievable blueness of the polar night and the comforting atmosphere of the city. I learned from those around me how to lean in to the winter, rather than trying to fight it. This winter, take a cue from the people who winter well by embracing the slow delights of the season. Adapting to the season can help us feel healthier. See tiredness as a motivation to sleep more or find rest in other ways. If you feel like socializing less, allow that to make space for solo pursuits (个人追求): reading, baking or enjoying delicious food. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．SAD’s origin. B．SAD’s duration. C．SAD’s symptoms. D．SAD’s effects. 2．What caused people to adjust their behavior in winter? A．Environmental changes. B．Historical reasons. C．Food supplies. D．Living rhythms. 3．What inspiration does the researcher get from Norwegians? A．If you suffer from winter, try to fight it. B．Never change your relationship with winter. C．Everything will be OK when you leave it alone. D．If you feel winter’s effects, try to work with them. 4．Which may be the best title of the passage? A．Embrace of winter B．Cue from darkness C．Rhythm of season D．Refreshment from depression （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期末）BEST APPS FOR BUSY MOMS Between meal preparations, laundry piles, and endless car rides, your to-do lists seem never ending. With all that on your plate, too much screen time can feel like one more thief stealing your precious hours. But what if your phone could be part of the solution? Luckily, with the following apps, you can organize your day, deal with those tasks efficiently, and even get a little “me” time. Cozi Organizer It allows you to set up a shared family calendar for each family member. To-do lists can be assigned and shared with your kids so you can track their chores (家务) as they complete them; all shopping lists can be accessed and updated by any family member. And it also features a family journal for sharing photos. Tasty It helps moms prepare meals while saving time and adding more variety and creativity to their cooking. This free app provides thousands of recipes that can accommodate a wide range of preferences. Short, easy-to-follow videos help simplify the cooking process, making it appealing for kids to join in. Bark Bark manages your children’s mobile screen time and tracks their location in real time. The app covers unlimited devices and charges only one family member monthly. It monitors your kids’ texts. Are you wondering if your kid arrived safely at his friend’s house? Bark uses live GPS and location alerts to monitor their whereabouts. 1．What may be the purpose for moms to choose these apps? A．To reduce daily chores. B．To live a well-organized life. C．To gain numerous rest. D．To solve phone-related issues. 2．What do Cozi Organizer and Tasty have in common? A．Sharing family photos. B．Satisfying picky eaters. C．Getting kids involved. D．Updating shopping lists. 3．Which of following does Bark focus on? A．Mom’s workout. B．Kids’ safety. C．Mom’s routine. D．Kids’ nutrition. （24-25高三上·山东烟台·期末）In rural Kenya, a historic transformation is underway as smallholder farmers, traditionally reliant on age-old methods and struggling with limited information, now hug the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape their livelihoods. Selim, a Kenyan farmer, is drawing on Virtual Agronomist, an AI tool, to enhance his coffee farm’s productivity. By communicating with the tool, Selim receives personalized suggestions on harvest targets and fertilizer (化肥) application. This tailored guidance was crucial. But for that, he would have used much more fertilizer. Last year, the tool aided Selim in achieving his best harvest ever. Before adopting Virtual Agronomist, Selim would simply apply fertilizer using what he described as “general farmer’s knowledge”, applying different types at different times of the year without knowing the soil health, leading to low productivity. Sometimes he would take samples of his soil for testing at distant labs, but the results would take months or even wouldn’t arrive at all. A huge challenge for farmers is not knowing what their soil needs. The story is similar for farmers trying to determine what pests (害虫) and diseases have affected their crops. Musau Mutisya, another Kenyan farmer, used to rely on his own knowledge to identify pests and diseases, but he wasn’t always accurate. Now he chooses PlantVillage, an AI-powered app that helps farmers identify the species of pests when they photograph the diseased plants and also provides actionable solutions. Mutisya said he was doing guesswork in the past, ending up using more money treating what he didn’t know. Kenya has an extension officer-to-farm household ratio of 1:1093. Farmers are hungry for real-time information about their crops and AI is a gamechanger, which fills the gap, affording them easy access to essential farming knowledge and empowering them to make informed decisions. Despite the promising prospects brought by the two tools, some scientists warn of dependence on AI tools for agriculture. “Heavy reliance on them to set farming practices may result in the loss of long-held and tested, native agricultural practices,” said Wairegi, who has researched the AI use in agriculture in Africa. 1．Which word best describes Selim’s and Mutisya’s previous solutions to farming issues? A．Inefficient. B．Complicated. C．Innovative. D．Practical. 2．What can the two AI tools both do? A．Gather and distribute market information. B．Keep track of the variations of the soil. C．Translate multiple languages accurately. D．Judge plant condition and offer advice. 3．What do we know about Wairegi in the last paragraph? A．He proposes using AI reasonably. B．He advocates mere traditional farming. C．He predicts AI will lower agricultural output. D．He is strongly against the AI use in agriculture. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．A Transformative Shift in Remote Farming B．AI Builds Hope for Kenya’s Sustainable Future C．AI for Plants: Kenyan Small Farms Welcome Hi-Tech Tools D．Two Reliable AI Tools: Virtual Agronomist and PlantVillage （24-25高一上·重庆黔江·期末）If you’re a sports fan, you may be familiar with the emotional rollercoaster (过山车) that comes with sports watching. Whether you’re part of a noisy crowd in a stadium, or just watching at home on TV, it’s easy caught up in the highs and the lows when you celebrate or feel sorry for your favourite team or athlete. Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports be good for you too? The evidence suggests that people who watch live sporting events experience greater wellbeing (健康) than those who don’t. A study published in Public Health in the UK, found sports spectators felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press release, “Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to form group identity and belonging.” She says this then reduces loneliness and boosts wellbeing. But, if for any reason you aren’t keen on going to live events, don’t worry! Watching sports on TV or on the internet may also have positive effects, according to a 2021 study by Tsuji and colleagues. They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely to have depressive symptoms than those who didn’t. On top of that, the sports spectators tended to have richer social networks than non-spectators. The authors suggest that the social networks you gain through watching sports may lower the risk of depressive symptoms. So, the cheers at a live sports event or even casual small talk with friends about your favourite team can bring a sense of camaraderie (情谊) and may reduce loneliness and depression. It seems the health benefits of sports are not limited to physical activity through participation in them, but that we can make gains in our general wellbeing through social bonding. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To share background information. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To present a newly discovered idea. D．To encourage watching sports. 2．What did the study from Croatia indicate about emotional stress? A．It had no impact on health. B．It improved cardiovascular health. C．It increased the risk of heart problems. D．It reduced feelings of loneliness. 3．According to paragraph 2, what did sports spectators experience? A．Increased anxiety. B．Higher life satisfaction. C．Lower social interaction. D．More depressive symptoms. 4．What did the study by Tsuji find about watching sports? A．It leads to richer social networks. B．It increases the risk of depressive symptoms. C．It is more beneficial for younger adults. D．It has no effect on mental health. 5．The passage is developed by ________. A．telling stories B．following space order C．listing numbers D．taking research findings （2025·重庆·一模）China is at the forefront of a transportation revolution with the rapid expansion of its robotaxi services, particularly Baidu’s Apollo Go. Since its appearance in Wuhan in 2022, Apollo Go has spread to 11 Chinese cities, completing an impressive 6 million rides. Despite the requirement for passengers to find designed pick-up and drop-off locations, the service has become a hit, largely due to its affordability, thanks to the generosity of Baidu, which currently covers around 60% of the cost of a ride. Apollo Go currently boasts over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan, with ambitions to expand to 1,000 by the end of 2024. Most of the cars in Wuhan possess “Level Four” autonomy, allowing them to operate without human intervention in most driving scenarios, although they may struggle in complex environments like parking garages. As technology advances and costs decrease, Baidu anticipates that its robotaxis will become financially self-sustaining by the end of the year, with profits expected in 2025. This is a significant development in the taxi industry. However, the rise of robotaxis has not been welcomed by all. Wuhan’s taxi drivers are fearing their roles will be replaced by technology. It is unclear how China’s government will deal with their worries. Local officials are actively competing to attract businesses, with Beijing recently drafting new guidelines to regulate autonomous driving, aiming to make the industry more transparent and predictable. In contrast, the development of robotaxis in the West has faced setbacks. General Motors had to suspend operations at Cruise after an incident in San Francisco, and Tesla has delayed the launch of its robotaxi service. If Tesla is allowed to test its service in China, it may further worsen the concerns of Chinese taxi drivers. 1．What makes Apollo Go popular among riders? A．Its extremely good service. B．Its relatively cheap service. C．Its completely automatical control. D．Unnecessary reservation in advance. 2．What is Baidu’s financial strategy for its robotaxi service? A．To count on official helps. B．To charge high fares initially. C．To cover a major part of the cost. D．To avoid financial involvement. 3．What can be inferred about the future of robotaxis in China? A．They will be limited to developed cities. B．They are expected to become profitable. C．They will face significant regulatory difficulties. D．They are likely to be replaced by other vehicles. 4．Why does the author mention General Motors and Tesla? A．To make a comparison between them. B．To introduce competitors of Apollo Go. C．To present global situations of robotaxis. D．To explain reasons for the unemployment. （24-25高三上·湖南·期末）You are more likely to think of the information that is repeated to be true than the information you hear only once. You assume that if people are going to put in effort to repeat a statement, this reflects the truth of the statement. Simply repeating some pieces of information does not actually make it true, but this tendency — also called the illusory (错觉的) truth effect — is a prejudice that can lead you to draw the wrong conclusions. An important step in decreasing the negative influence of prejudices in thinking is to be aware of them. To what degree are people aware of the illusory truth effect? This question was addressed in the journal Cognition by Simone Mattavelli. In the critical study, participants did two sessions. In one session, they read about a study in which people were exposed to trivia (琐事) statements and then were asked whether both statements they had heard before as well as new statements were true. They were asked to predict the percentage of each statement that would be judged as true. At another session a few days later, participants actually performed this study, reading a set of 20 trivia statements and then judging the truth of 40 statements, half of which were the ones they saw earlier and the other half of which were new. This study replicated the illusory truth effect. People were more likely to judge statements they had seen before as true than statements that were new. Two interesting findings emerged from the predictions. First, participants tended to underestimate the size of the illusory truth effect for everyone. Second, participants were more wrong when predicting their own performance compared to predicting the performance of another person. This work is particularly important in light of the amount of misinformation presented in social media. Many people are influencing public opinions about political and economic matters. Social media websites with misinformation will lead people to believe this information is true just because it is stated. 1．What is Simone’s study mainly about concerning the illusory truth effect? A．People’s awareness of it. B．People’s reaction to it. C．Its causes. D．Its process. 2．How did the participants engage in the first session of the study? A．Reading, repeating and judging. B．Reading, assessing and forecasting. C．Recording, judging and predicting. D．Predicting, observing and reflecting. 3．What does the underlined word “replicate” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Correspond with. B．Be contrary to. C．Put forward. D．Account for. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Simone’s study? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$