专题11 非谓语动词（清单+专练）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习知识清单

专题11 非谓语动词（清单+专练） 目录 ★知识点1非谓语的概念 2 ★知识点2 动词不定式 2 ★知识点3 动名词 8 ★知识点4 分词 10 ★知识点5 中考题型及例题 11 ★专项过关 13 ★知识点1非谓语的概念 动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 ★知识点2 动词不定式 一、动词不定式的构成 1.动词不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形。其否定形式是“not+to+动词原形 ”。 2.有 时 可 以 不 用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。 口诀助记： to后原形是肯定，to 前加not变否定; 可带宾、表、状语等，人称和数都不变; 兼有“形、名、副”性，谓语动词用原形。 二、动词不定式的句法功能 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。句中可以作宾语、 宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语和表语等。 1.动词不定式作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式作主语通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词 用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 It’s important to have good habits. 养成好习惯很重要的。 (2)it作形式主语, 动词不定式作主语的常见句型 句型 例句 It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……/某人做某事是……的。 It was hard for him to learn English well. =To learn English well was hard for him. 对他来说学好英语太难了。 It is/was+adj.+to do sth. 做某事是……的。 It's not easy to pass the exam. (=To pass the exam is not easy.) 通过考试不容易。 It is/was+n .+to do sth. 做某事是…… It is my pleasure to help you. 帮助你是我的荣幸。 it takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. 某人花多长时间做某事 It took me three hours to repair the TV set. 我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。 注意： 1.有些动词(advise, ask,show,teach,tell等),其后可以接双宾语。 2.有些疑问词(组) (what,which,whose,how many,how much等),其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 3.在“疑问词+不定式”结构前，有时也可以是形容词(sure,clear等)。 4.所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。 2.动词不定式作宾语 (1)动词不定式作宾语的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式作及物动词的宾语。动词不定式作宾语且有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语 (动词不定式)后置。 I forgot to bring the key to my house. 我忘记带家里的钥匙了。 动词不定式作介词的宾语，不定式一般不直接作介词的宾语，而是需要与疑问词构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。 They are talking about how to solve the problem. 他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。 (2)常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语) refuse 拒绝 decide 决定 would like 想要 like 喜欢 want 想要 plan 计划 offer 提供 wish 希望 pretend 假装 hope 希望 forget 忘记 learn 学习 agree 同意 need 需要 expect 期望 promise 承诺 afford 承担得起 manage 完成 try 努力 help 帮助 start 开始 begin 开始 prepare 准备 choose 选择 助记口诀： 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词 需要拒绝莫忘记，(need、refuse、forget) 想要学习就努力，(want、learn、try) 希望帮助并同意，(hope/wish、help、agree) 喜欢决定后开始。(like、decide、begin) 3.动词不定式作宾语补足语 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法 用法 例句 多数及物动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语(动词+宾语+动词不定式)。 My mother asks me to eat fruit every day. 我妈妈让我每天都吃水果。 (2)常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 allow允许 order命令 teach教 warn警告 ask要求 decide决定 tell告诉 encourage鼓励 invite邀请 want想要 advise建议 expect期望 wish希望 force强迫 would like想要 4.动词不定式作状语的用法 用法 例句 作目的状语(表示某一动作或状态的目的)。既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。表示“为了……，以便……”。 Tom trained hard to improve his basketball skills. =To improve his basketball skills, Tom trained hard. 汤姆刻苦训练以便提高自己的篮球技能。 作结果状语，常用的结构有so...as to do sth.(如此 ……以至于做某事)、enough to do sth.(足够……能够做某事)、too...to do sth.(太……而不能做某事)、only to do(不料，竟然)。 He isn't strong enough to lift the box. 他不够强壮，提不起这个箱子。 作原因状语，通常用于sorry,surprised,glad等表示情感的形容词后，常用的结构有be glad/sad /happy/sorry /pleased /surprised/ disappointed/delighted/shocked to do sth.。 I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 知识拓展： 作结果状语，有的结构可以同义转换： 1.too...to do sth...结构还可以转换为“so...that +主语+ can't/ couldn't do sth.”句型。 He was too clever to make such stupid mistakes. →He was so clever that he couldn't make such stupid mistakes. 他太聪明了,不会犯这么愚蠢的错误。 2...enough to do sth.结构也可以转换为“so...that+主语+can/could do sth.”句型。 The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. →The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. 这个女孩太高了，她能够到树上的苹果。 口诀助记： 不定式，用作状 “目的”、“结果”两最忙; “形表”之后也出现，表示“原因”记心上。 5.动词不定式作定语 用法 示例 动词不定式作定语时(一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后), 相当于定语从句。常见的能跟动词不定式作定语的名词有ability、attempt、chance、decision、effort、need、plan、time等 。 It was a difficult decision to make. 这是个很难作出的决定。 如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。 I want some paper to write on . 我想要一些写字的纸。 当动词不定式所修饰的名词是time、place或way时，动词不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。 The library is a good place to study. 图书馆是一个学习的好地方。 (动宾关系：live不及物加介词in) 动词不定式常放在something、anything、nothing等复合不定代词的后面，作后置定语。如果复合不定代词还有形容词修饰，顺序是“something/anything/nothing...+形容词+动词不定式”。 Do you have anything important to say? 你有什么重要的话要说吗？ 知识拓展： 动词不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可表示某一过去的特定动作。 6.动词不定式作表语 用法 例句 动词不定式可跟在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。 Her ambition was to be a teacher. 她的志向是当一名老师。 动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。 My dream is to be a famous pianist. =To be a famous pianist is my dream. 我的梦想是成为一名著名的钢琴家。 7. 动词不定式作独立成分 (1)动词不定式作独立成分的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式还可用作独立成分，用于表示说话人的观点或态度。常用的动词不定式短语有:to be honest老实说；to begin/start with首先；to tell (you) the truth说实话。 To be honest,we don;t like him very much. 老实说，我们不太喜欢他。 (2)常见的作独立成分的动词不定式 to be honest 老实说 to tell you the truth 说实话 to begin/start with 首先 to be frank 坦白说 to speak frankly 坦诚地说 to conclude 最后；总而言之 三、“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构 疑问代词who、whom、what、which和疑问副词when、how、where放在动词不定式前，构成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，该结构在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 What to do is an important question. 要做什么是一个重要的问题。 I can't decide who/whom to invite. 我决定不了邀请谁。 The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 注意：该句型可与宾语从句互换。例如： Can you tell me where to buy the scarf ? = Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf ? 你能告诉我在哪里买围巾吗? 四、动词不定式的特殊用法 用法 例句 too...to... 太……而不能…… The girl is too young to look after herself. 那个女孩太小而不能照顾他自己。 Why don't you +动词原形?=Why not +不带to的不定式? 为什么不……呢? Why don't you get her a photo album? = Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢? ...enough to... 足够……可以…… Tom is old enough to go to school. 汤姆足够大了,可以去上学了。 had better ( not)+不带to的不定式 最好(不要)做某事 You'd better do your homework carefully today. 你今天最好认真做作业。 Will you please+不带to的不定式? 请……好吗? Will you please close the door? 请把门关上好吗? prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事也不做某事 I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping. 我宁愿待在家里也不去购物。 五、动词不定式符号to的省略 用法 例句 在感官动词(see, feel, hear, watch, notice等)及使役动词(have, make)作宾语补足语时，后接不带to的动词不定式，但被动语态中，需要还原to。 I see him read in the library. (主动语态) He is seen to read in the library. 我看见他在图书馆看书。(被动语态) why (not)...后省略to的情况。 Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师? 在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的动词不定式可以省略to。 I helped him (to) repair his bike. 我帮他修自行车。 but、except之前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后通常省略动词不定式符号 to,否则要带to。 I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。 He could do nothing but study hard. 他除了好好学习以外别无他法。 在并列结构中，为了避免重复，可省略后一个动词不定式符号to。但两个动词不定式有对照或对比的意义时，后一个to 不能省略。 I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责骂你，而是赞扬你。 She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back. 她叫孩子待在那里，等她回来。 主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式可省略to。 The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 What I'll do is (to) tell her the truth.我要做的就是告诉她真相。 ★知识点3 动名词 1.动名词的构成 基本形式为“动词原形+-ing”;其否定形式“not+动名词”。 2.动名词的句法功能 成分 用法 例句 作主语 动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作，有时也用it作形式主语，而把动名词后置。动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。 Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。 宾语 动名词既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 I like listening to English songs. 我喜欢听英文歌。(动词宾语) Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。 动名词作宾语时，若后接宾语补足语，常用形式宾语it。 Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter. 莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。 作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is planting flowers. =Planting flowers is his hobby.他的业余爱好是种花。 作定语 说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于被修饰词之前。 I plan to watch English TV programs every weekend in order to improve my listening skills. 为了提高我的听力技能，我计划每个周末看英语电视节目。 易错点： 不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换，但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作，强调动作本身；动名词作主语所表示的动作比较抽象，时间概念不强调事情本身；有时也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。 3.后接动名词作宾语的常考动词 avoid避免 consider考虑 mind介意 finish完成 imagine想象 suggest建议 enjoy喜欢 keep坚持 practice练习 4.后接动名词作宾语的常考短语/句型 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 thank you for doing sth.感谢你做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事 be interested in doing sth.你对做某事很感兴趣 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 have+(no)problem/difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.做某事(没)有困难 can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 记忆口诀： 完成练习值得忙， (finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 继续习惯可放弃；(keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想，(consider/suggest/can't help,feel like) 喜欢错过要介意。(enjoy,miss,mind) 5. 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 sth.need doing 某事需要被做 need to do sth.需要去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue doing sth.继续做同一件事 continue to do sth.继续做另一件事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事 ★知识点4 分词 一、分词的构成与分类 1.分词的构成 分词包括现在分词(动词原形+-ing)和过去分词(动词原形+-ed);其否定形式为“not+分词”。 2.分词的分类 分词包括现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ -ing”构成；过去分词由“动词原形+-ed”构成，其否定形式为“not+分词”。但也有不规则的形式 。 二、分词的句法功能 成分 用法 例句 作定语 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。 Do you know the girl standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗? He bought a car made in China. 他买了一辆中国制造的汽车。 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。 The film is very moving. 这部电影很感人。 作状语 分词作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。 The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 作宾语补足语 现在分词可以在see,hear,notice, watch, feel, look at,listen to,observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词(短语)后面，作宾语补足语，表示与被补足的宾语或主语之间是主动关系。 Brown sat up when he heard someone knocking on his door. 布朗听到有人敲他的门就坐了起来。 过去分词作补语，与被补充说明的宾语或主语之间是被动关系。 Don't keep us waiting for a long time. 不要让我们等得太久。 易错点： 现在分词与过去分词的区别： ①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。 如：a moving film一场感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 ②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。例如： developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 知识拓展: We heard the song sung by him. 我们听见这首歌被他唱过。 (过去分词sung作宾补，表示被动和完成) 三、形容词化的动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式 动词的-ing形式 动词的-ed形式 moving令人感动的 moved感动的 encouraging鼓舞人心的 encouraged受鼓舞的 puzzling 令人迷惑的 puzzled 迷惑的 pleasing令人高兴/满意的 pleased高兴的，满意的 satisfying令人满意的 satisfied满意的 tiring令人困倦的 tired疲劳的 exciting令人兴奋的 excited兴奋的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 satisfying 令人满意的 surprised 吃惊的 总结： 形容词化的动词的-ing形式意为“令人……的”, 多修饰事物；形容词化的动词的-ed形式含有被动意味，多用于描述人的感觉或情绪等，表示“感到……的”。 ★知识点5 中考题型及例题 一、考点 1 非谓语动词的用法 考查题型1 选择类(单项选择、完形填空) 例题1 The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree _______ it. A. sell B. sells C. sold D. to sell 【答案】D 【解析】句意:这幅油画对他来说真的很珍贵。他永远不会同意卖掉它。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选D。 例题2——Safety comes first!Everyone should stop the kids from _______ in the lake or river. ——Life is valuable. Kids must remember _______the school rules. A. swim;to follow B. swimming; following C. swim; following D. swimming; to follow 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——安全第一！每个人都应该阻止孩子们去湖里或者河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。考查固定用法。孩子们必须记得遵守校规。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，swimming in the lake or river为动名词作宾语；remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”。故选D。 例题3(2023陕西中考改编)When I first lost my hearing,I was sad that I could never again hear my mother sing. But now I put my ear to her chest the vibrations (震动) of her voice. Now,I feel music instead of hearing it. A.feel B.to feel C.hear D.to hear 【答案】B 【解析】根据下文的“Now,I feel music instead of hearing it.”可以判断用feel; 结合语境可知，此处指“我把耳朵贴在她的胸口来感受她声音的震动”, 所以应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 二、考查题型2 填空类(单句填空、语篇填空) 例题4 This long-time hobby has also allowed him ___________(express) himself through art. 【答案】to express 【解析】句意:这个长期的爱好也让他能够通过艺术来表达他自己。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to express。 例题5 (词汇应用节选)Chen Gang likes __________(爬)mountains. He has been to the Qinghai-Tibet Pateau many times over the past nine years. Although he meets lots of difficulties, he never thinks of giving up. 【答案】climbing 【解析】句意:陈刚喜欢爬山。climb“爬"；like doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，侧重表达通常喜欢做的事。故填climbing。 一、考查题型1选择类(单项选择、完形填空)的解题方法： 1.判断固定搭配： 根据非谓语动词的固定搭配，结合语境、观察选项，判断出正确答案。 2.分析句子结构: 当题型考查动词不定式作目的状语，可以使用分析句子结构的方法，结合语境判断空处在句子中所作的成分，再结合语境选出正确选项。 二、考查题型2填空类(单句填空、语篇填空)的解题方法： 首先，阅读题干，观察题目是否已给出动词。题目如果已给出动词，应根据非谓语动词的用法来填出所给动词的适当形式。题目如果没有给出动词，那就要根据语境判断出应填写的动词。 ★专项过关 考查题型1 选择类(单项选择、完形填空) 一、单项选择 (一)动词不定式的用法 ★动词不定式作主语 1.（2025·上海松江·一模）Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them? A．try B．to try C．trying D．tried 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们买衣服之前有必要试穿一下它们吗？考查非谓语动词。根据“Is it necessary for us...on clothes”可知，此处是it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故选B。 2.（2025·上海徐汇·一模）It is getting more difficult ________ tickets for some popular singers’ concerts. A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought 【答案】C 【解析】句意：一些流行歌手演唱会的票越来越难买了。考查非谓语动词。根据“It is getting more difficult … tickets”可知，此处为“It is+adj.+to do”句型，其中It为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。故选C。 3.（2024·上海杨浦·二模）It's a custom for the Chinese __________a gift for friends when visiting them. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought 【答案】C 【解析】句意:拜访朋友时给他们带礼物是中国人的一种习俗。考查非谓语动词。根据“It's a custom for the Chinese ... a gift for friends”可知，此处是it is a custom for sb to do sth“做某事对某人来说是一种习俗”，it为形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故选C。 4.（2024·山东滨州·一模）It's really important _____and give love and joy to people around us. A. sharing B. share C. to share D.shares 【答案】C 【解析】句意:向我们周围的人分享和给予爱和快乐真的很重要。考查非谓语动词。It's important to do sth.“做某事是重要的”，是固定句型，此处用动词不定式作主语。故选C。 5.（2024·云南昆明·三模）It's polite _____“thank you" very often, even to family members. A. say B. to say C. saying D.said 【答案】B 【解析】句意:经常说“谢谢”是礼貌的，甚至对家人也是如此。考查非谓语动词。此处是结构It's adj. to do sth.“做某事是……的”，动词不定式作主语。故选B。 ★动词不定式作宾语 1.（2025·上海崇明·一模）When Ted was about to open his office door, he realized he had forgotten ________ his key. A．bring B．brought C．to bring D．bringing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当泰德正要打开办公室的门时，他意识到自己忘了带钥匙。考查非谓语动词。forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事；forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”，符合语境，故此处应用动词不定式作宾语，指忘记带钥匙。故选C。 2.（2025·上海普陀·一模）With only a few minutes left, they managed ________ the game around. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．turned 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在只剩下几分钟的情况下，他们设法扭转了比赛局面。考查非谓语动词。根据“managed”可知，manage to do sth“设法做成某事”，此处为动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 3.（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Many people failed ________ home in time for New Year’s Eve dinner because of the heavy snow. A．arrive B．arriving C．to arrive D．to arriving 【答案】C 【解析】句意：由于大雪，许多人没能及时赶回家吃年夜饭。考查不定式作宾语。根据“failed...home in time for New Year’s Eve dinner because of the heavy snow”可知，考查fail to do sth“未能做某事”，故选C。 4.（2024·上海宝山·二模）Michael expected ________ the basketball match so he trained hard day and night. A．to win B．winning C．win D．won 【答案】A 【解析】句意：迈克尔希望赢得这场篮球比赛，所以他夜以继日地刻苦训练。考查非谓语动词。根据“Michael expected...”可知，expect to do sth“期待做某事”。故选A。 5.（2024·广东汕头·二模）—What did the doctor tell him to do after the operation? —He was advised ________ light food for the next few days. A．to have B．not to have C．having D．not having 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——手术后医生告诉他要做什么？——他被建议在接下来的一些时日要多吃清淡的食物。 考查动词不定式。根据“He was advised...light food for the next few days.”可知，此处为被动语态，be advised to do sth“被建议做某事”，固定搭配，空处应用动词不定式结构。故选A。 ★不定式作表语 1.（2024·福建泉州·二模）—Have you heard of the YAU Mathematical Sciences Leaders Program? —Of course. Its aim is ______ top math talents in China. A．training B．to train C．trained 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你听说过YAU数学科学领导者计划吗？——当然，它的目标是在中国培养顶级的数学人才。考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语Its aim可知，空格处应用不定式作表语，表示“目标”的具体内容。故选B。 2.（2024·福建南平·二模）—It’s important to keep ahead on safety. —Well. My advice is ________ some basic first-aid knowledge. A．knows B．knew C．to know 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——保持安全是很重要的。——嗯。我的建议是了解一些基本的急救知识。 考查非谓语动词。空前是系动词is，此处应用动词不定式作表语，描述主语advice的内容。故选C。 3.（2024·福建福州·一模）——I don't sleep well and feel anxious these days. ——Well, my advice is_______the cause first. A. finds B. found C. to find 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——这些天我睡得不好，感到焦虑。——嗯，我的建议是先找出原因。 考查非谓语动词。根据答语可知，本句是主系表结构，动词不定式作表语。故此处用动词不定式to find作表语。故选C。 4.（2023·上海嘉定·一模）A detective's job is _______the innocent as well as find the guilty. A.protect B. protects C. protected D. to protect 【答案】D 【解析】句意:侦探的工作是既要找出罪犯，又要保护无辜者。考查非谓语动词。protect保护，动词原形;protects动词三单;protected过去式或过去分词;to protect不定式。句中已有系动词“is”，所以这里是不定式作表语。故选D。 5.（2022·江苏南京·二模）In order to make an article organized, the first step is _____a chart. A. make B. made C. to make D. to be made 【答案】C 【解析】句意:为了使文章有条理，第一步是制作图表。考查非谓语动词。根据“the first step is...a chart."可知，句子的结构为主系表，make是动词，不可直接作表语，因此需要用动词不定式形式。故选C。 ★不定式作定语 1.（2025·上海嘉定·一模）If you are a fan of trains, the National Railway Museum is a great place . A．to visit B．visit C．visiting D．to visiting 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你喜欢火车，国家铁路博物馆是一个值得参观的好地方。考查非谓语动词。根据“a great place”可知，空处用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词place。故选A。 2.（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m so hungry. I need something _______. A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．eaten 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我很饿。我需要一些吃的东西。考查非谓语动词。根据“I’m so hungry. I need something”可知，此处指需要吃一些东西，应用不定式作后置定语，修饰“something”。故选B。 3.（2024·上海松江·一模）Mr Li made a promise _________ to a bigger flat as soon as he changed the job. A．move B．to move C．moving D．moved 【答案】B 【解析】句意：李先生承诺他一换工作，就搬到一个更大的公寓。考查不定式用法。make a promise to do sth“承诺做某事”，所以填不定式to move。故选B。 4.（2024·广西梧州·一模）It is really a nice place ________ for us. A．to visit B．visit C．visiting 【答案】A 【解析】句意：对于我们来说，真是一个好地方。考查动词非谓语。此处是动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词place，故选A。 5.（2024·福建三明·二模）Live-streaming (网络直播) offers farmers chances __________ fruit and vegetables across the country. A．sell B．selling C．to sell 【答案】C 【解析】句意：直播为农民提供了在全国范围内销售水果和蔬菜的机会。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是指“提供了在全国范围内销售水果和蔬菜”的机会，这里应用动词不定式作后置定语，故选C。 ★动词不定式作主语补足语 1.（2023·江苏淮安·一模）The willow catkins(柳絮) are often seen ________ in Huaian in May. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 【答案】B 【解析】句意：五月的淮安，经常可以看到柳絮飞。考查非谓语动词。be seen后可用两种形式，be seen doing表示被看见正在做某事；be seen to do强调被看见做了某事。根据“The willow catkins(柳絮) are often seen…”可知此事经常发生，用不定式作主语补足语。故选B。 2.（2023·浙江·模拟预测）The naughty boys were made ________ their maths homework the next day. A．handing up B．hand out C．to hand in D．to handing off 【答案】C 【解析】句意：顽皮的男孩们被要求第二天上交数学作业。 考查动词短语和动词不定式作主语补足语。handing up举手，动名词或现在分词；hand out分发，动词原形；to hand in上交，动词不定式；to handing off移交，介词to+动名词。根据“were made”可知，使役动词make用于被动语态，要还原动词不定式的to，即用be made to do sth来表示，在句中作主语补足语。故选C。 3.（2023·上海杨浦·一模）All staff are advised ________ their own lunch boxes because the canteen was burnt. A．bring B．bringing C．to bring D．brought 【答案】C 【解析】句意：由于食堂被烧毁，所有员工都被建议自带饭盒。考查动词不定式作主语补足语。advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，此句是被动语态，用动词不定式作主语补足语。故选C。 4.（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork. A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．brought 【答案】B 【解析】句意：作为青少年，我们不允许把手机带进学校，这样我们就可以集中精力学习。 考查非谓语动词。be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，动词不定式作主语补足语，故选B。 5.（2023·四川自贡·中考真题）—Mike, we are told not ________ the phone while crossing the street. —I am sorry. I won’t do it again. A．answering B．to answer C．answer 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——迈克，我们被告知过马路时不要接电话。——对不起。我不会再这样做了。考查非谓语动词。be told not to do sth“被告知不要做某事”，故选B。 ★动词不定式作宾语补足语 1.（2025·上海杨浦·一模）The police reminded the public__________out for pickpockets in crowded areas. A. look B. looked C.to look D.looking 【答案】C 【解析】句意:警察提醒公众在拥挤地区要留意扒手。考查非谓语动词。根据“The police reminded the public...”可知，remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”，这里to look out for...作宾语the public的补足语。故选C。 2.（2025·上海宝山·一模）Reading brings me a lot of fun and enables me__________the world deeply. A. understand B. to understand C.understood D. understanding 【答案】B 【解析】句意:阅读给我带来了很多乐趣，使我能够深入了解世界。考查非谓语动词。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 3.（2025·上海普陀一模）Our English teacher always encourages us__________questions in his class. A. ask B. asking C. to ask D.asked 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我们的英语老师一直鼓励我们在他的课堂上问问题。考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 4.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Our school often advises us ________ close to nature and enjoy its beauty. A．get B．getting C．gets D．to get 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们学校经常建议我们亲近大自然，享受它的美丽。考查非谓语动词。advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”。故选D。 5.（2024·上海金山·二模）Last December, China allowed Malaysian tourists________ the country for 15 days without a visa. (签证) A．enter B．to enter C．enters D．entered 【答案】B 【解析】句意：去年12月，中国允许马来西亚游客免签证入境15天。考查非谓语动词。结合语境及“allowed Malaysian tourists…”可知，此处是指“允许某人做某事”，其英文表达为“allow sb. to do sth.”。故选B。 ★动词不定式作目的状语 1.（2025·上海虹口一模）The Italian organizations have made a plan________ more tourists to the landmarks. A.attract C.attracting B. to attract D. attracted 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这些意大利组织制定了一项计划，以吸引更多的游客前往这些地标。考查非谓语动词。attract“吸引”，made a plan“做计划”的目的是为了“吸引更多的游客”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故选B。 2.（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息，我昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索信息”的目的是“了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。 3．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【解析】句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。 4.（2024·江苏南京·三模）The ORBIS doctors did everything ________ the girl with eye problems. A．save B．saved C．to save D．saving 【答案】C 【解析】句意：为了拯救这名眼部有疾病的女孩子，ORBIS的医生们做了一切。考查非谓语动词。根据“did everything”可知，医生们做了一切的目的是救这名女孩子，不定式表示目的。故选C。 5.（2024·江苏连云港·三模）________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as his second course. A．Learning B．Learned C．To learn D．Learn 【答案】C 【解析】句意：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定将中国民族音乐作为他的第二课程。考查非谓语动词。Learning学习，动名词；Learned过去分词；To learn动词不定式；Learn动词原形。根据“...more about Chinese culture”可知，学习中国民族音乐的目的是为了了解更多的中国文化，因此用不定式作目的状语。故选C。 ★动词不定式作原因状语 1.Laura lost her wallet and she was afraid_______her parents about it. A.tell B. to tell C. telling D.told 【答案】B 【解析】句意:Laura丢了钱包，她害怕把这件事告诉她的父母。考查不定式。根据“she was afraid...her parents about it"可知，此处应是be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”，空处应是不定式to tell。故选B。 2.The children were so happy to_______ some birds' eggs in the forest. A. invent B.discover C.inventing D.discovering 【答案】B 【解析】句意:孩子们很高兴在森林里发现了一些鸟蛋。考查动词辨析。invent发明;discover发现;inventing发明(现在分词);discovering发现(现在分词)。根据“...some birds’ eggs in the forest”可知，指的是孩子们在森林里“发现”鸟蛋，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故选B。 ★动词不定式作结果状语 1.（2024·福建厦门·二模）Knowing that they have raised enough money for the children’s home, he was too excited ________ a word. A．say B．saying C．to say 【答案】C 【解析】句意：知道他们为孩子们的家筹到了足够的钱，他激动得说不出一句话。考查非谓语动词。此处是结构too adj./adj. to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”，动词不定式作结果状语。故选C。 2.（2024·西藏日喀则一模）The little girl is ________ young ________ go to school. A.to; too B. so;that C. so;to D. too; to 【答案】D 【解析】句意:这个小女孩太小而不能上学。考查结果状语从句。too...to do sth太……而不能……;so...that+从句表示“如此……以至于…”。根据“The little girl is...young...go to school."可知，应该是表达“太小而不能上学”，需用too...to...句型，故选D。 3.（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Your new job sounds ____to be true-interesting work, high pay, short hours. Are you sure it's not a dream? A.too good B. good enough C. too real D.real enough 【答案】A 【解析】句意:你的新工作听起来好得令人难以置信工作有趣，收入高，工作时间短。你确定这不是梦吗? 考查too...to..结构。too good太好;good enough足够好;too real太真;real enough足够真。根据“Your new job sounds...to be true--interesting work, high pay, short hours. Are you sure it's not a dream?”可知，此处表示“好得令人难以置信”，用too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。故选A。 4.（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）The charity organization has made a promise ________5 million trees in this area by 2025. A.plant B.to plant C. planting D.planted 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这个慈善机构已经承诺2025年之前在这片区域种植500万棵树。考查非谓语动词。make a promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，应用动词不定式，故选B。 5.（22-23九年级上·湖南益阳·期末）——Do you mind action movies like Spider-Man when you are too tired _________? ——No, of course not. A. think B. to think C.thinking 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——当你累得无法思考的时候，你会介意像《蜘蛛侠》这样的动作片吗?——不，当然不介意。 考查非谓语。根据题目可知，这里是too...to.…“太……而不能”结构，故选B。 二、动词不定式作宾语不定式主动表被动 （2024·陕西西安·三模）—Hello, Tom. Wet umbrellas are not allowed ________ into our classroom according to the rules. —Sorry, Mr. Li. I ________. A．to be taken; won’t B．to be taken; will C．to take; won’t D．to take; will 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你好，汤姆。根据规定，湿雨伞是不允许带进教室的。——对不起，李先生。我不会了。考查非谓语及否定句。to be take被带；won’t不会；will会；to take带。第一空根据空前“are not allowed”可知，此处要用动词不定式作宾语，结合句子主语“Wet umbrellas”可知，此处是指湿雨伞不能被带进教室，所以要用动词不定式的被动式；第二空根据“Sorry”可知，此处是指“我”不会再带湿雨伞进教室了，所以要用won’t。故选A。 (二)动名词的用法 ★动名词作主语 1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）________ chores helps ________ develop children’s independence. A．Did; to B．Do; / C．Doing; to D．Do; to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性。 考查非谓语动词。第一处使用动名词作主语，第二处是help to do sth“帮助做某事”。故选C。 2.（2024·吉林松原·二模）Volunteering ________ the world warmer. Even small things can make a big difference. A．makes B．make C．made 【答案】A 【解析】句意：志愿服务使世界更温暖。即使是很小的事情也能产生很大的影响。考查主谓一致。根据语境可知，该句描述的客观事实，时态应为一般现在时。句中“Volunteering”为动名词作主语，表示“做志愿、自愿无偿服务”这件事，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故选A。 3.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）——What do you like doing in your free time? ——Reading, of course. ________ makes a full man. I especially like the books by Lu Xun. A．Reading B．Read C．Reads 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你喜欢在你的空余时间做什么？——当然是阅读。读书使人充实。我尤其喜欢鲁迅的书。 考查非谓语动词。Reading动名词形式；Read动词原形；Reads动词第三人称单数形式。通过分析本句句子结构可知，横线处作主语，故需用“read”的动名词形式“reading”，此处为句首，“reading”首字母应大写。故选A。 4.（2023年重庆市第二外国语学校中考一模）________ can help us learn________ about the world. A.Reading: a lot of B. Read; lots of C. Read; a lot D. Reading; a lot 【答案】D 【解析】句意:阅读能帮我们了解很多有关世界的情况。考查动名词作主语和词汇辨析。句子中已有谓语动词“can help”，第一空需要一个非谓语动词作主语，所以排除B、C选项。a lot of/lots of表示“许多”，两者都修饰名词，a lot很，非常，副词或作代词，表示很多，由learn可知，空处需用代词作宾语，learn a lot 意为“了解很多”。故选D。 5.（2023·广西柳州·二模）——Jim, do you often shop online? ——Seldom. I think ________ over the Internet isn’t always safe. A．paying B．pays C．pay 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——吉姆，你经常在网上购物吗？——很少。我认为通过互联网付款并不总是安全的。考查非谓语动词。think后接宾语从句，从句缺乏主语，pay表示“付款”，是动词，应有动名词形式作主语。故选A。 ★动名词作宾语 1.（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】D 【解析】句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。 2.（2025·上海虹口·一模）Grandpa remembered ________ the key on the table, but he couldn’t find it there. A．leave B．to leave C．leaving D．left 【答案】C 【解析】句意：爷爷记得把钥匙放在桌子上了，但他却在那里找不到它。 考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth记得去做某事，强调一项任务或活动尚未完成；remember doing sth记得做过某事，强调某项任务或活动已经完成。根据“but he couldn’t find it there.”可知，此处表示记得把钥匙放在了桌子上，动作已经完成，应用leaving，在句中作宾语。故选C。 3.（2025·上海长宁·一模）I imagined ________ the problem easily, but it turned out to be much harder. A．solve B．solving C．to solve D．solved 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我以为可以轻松解决这个问题，但结果要困难得多。考查非谓语动词。根据“I imagined”可知，imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，动词短语，此处应用solving。故选B。 4.（2025·上海青浦·一模）For a great performance, the boys spent the whole day ________ their instruments. A．practising B．to practise C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了一场精彩的演出，男孩子们花了一整天的时间练习他们的乐器。考查动名词。spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。因此此空应填动名词。故选A。 5.（2025·上海杨浦·一模）She stopped ________ when she realized the teacher was not joking. A．laugh B．laughed C．to laugh D．laughing 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当她意识到老师没有开玩笑的时候她停止大笑。考查固定搭配，根据“She stopped...when she realized the teacher was not joking.”可知，当她意识到老师没有开玩笑的时候她停止大笑，此处表示停下来正在做的事。此处考查固定搭配stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，故选D。 ★动名词作表语 1.My biggest challenge is ________ English more fluently. A．to learn speaks B．learning say C．learn to say D．learning to speak 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我最大的挑战是学会更流利地说英语。考查动词辨析，动名词作表语和动词不定式作宾语。say说，后接说话的内容；speak讲，后接语言。learn to do sth“学习做某事，学会做某事”，speak English“讲英语”。故选D。 2．His hobbies are ________ books and ________ to music. A．to read, to listen B．reading, to listen C．reading, listening D．listen, read 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他的爱好是看书和听音乐。考查非谓语动词。根据“His hobbies are…books and…to music.”可知，根据“His hobbies are…books and…to music.”可知，空处作表语，此处强调的是笼统的、抽象的、一般的动作，因此此处用动名词形式，and表并列，前后词性保持一致。故选C。 3．My problem is ________ friends. A．to have no closely B．having no close C．to have no closed D．having no closed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的问题是没有亲密的朋友。考查形容词用法。friends是名词，其前用形容词close表示“亲密的”，排除ACD。故选B。 4．My biggest challenge is ________ English more fluently (流利地). A．to learn speaks B．learning to say C．learn to say D．learning to speak 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我最大的挑战就是学会更流利地说英语。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。speak，说话，后跟语言名词作宾语；say说，后跟说话的内容。根据空后“English”可知，“说”应用speak，故排除B、C项；学会干某事：learn to do sth.，固定用法，故排除A。故选D。 ★动名词作定语 1.（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动；shopping购物；dressing穿衣服；eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知，是指吃饭的时间。故选D。 2.（23-24九年级上·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）His ________ English is poor, so he must improve his ________ skills. A．speaking; spoken B．spoken; speaking C．speaking; speaking 【答案】B 【知识点】过去分词作定语、动名词作定语、spoken 【解析】句意：他的英语口语很差，所以他必须提高他的口语技巧。 考查非谓语动词。第一空指“英语口语”差，spoken English“口语”符合语境，spoken“被说的，口语的”，为过去分词作定语；第二空修饰“skills”，指的是“口语技巧”，动名词speaking“说话的”，作定语，speaking skills“口语技巧”。故选B。 3．My Chinese is poor all the time. How can I improve my ________ skills? A．speak B．speaking C．spoken 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的中文一直很差。我该如何提高我的口语技能？考查非谓语动词。speak说，动词原形；speaking说，动名词；spoken说，动词过去分词。根据“My Chinese is poor all the time. How can I improve my…skills?”可知，此处表示提高自己的口语技能，应该用speaking skill，意为“口语技能”，固定词组。故选B。 4．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）The students and their teacher ________ eagerly looking forward to ________ Spring Festival. A．is; come B．are; coming C．are; the coming 【答案】C 【解析】句意：学生和老师都急切地期待着即将到来的春节。考查主谓一致和非谓语。句子主语为The students and their teacher“学生和老师”，主语为复数形式，be动词用are，短语look forward to doing sth表示“期待做某事”，其后接动名词形式，可排除A选项，Spring Festival专有名词，前面用动名词作定语来修饰，the coming Spring Festival表示“即将到来的春节”。故选C。 5. Could you please tell me ________ improve my ________ ability? A．how to; read B．how to; reading C．what to; reading D．what to; read 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你可以告诉我如何提高我的阅读能力吗？考查疑问词+不定式结构以及词义辨析。根据“improve my … ability”可知，此处指如何提高能力，用疑问词how+to的结构。reading ability“阅读能力”，动名词作定语，故选B。 （三）现在分词的用法 ★现在分词作表语 1.My hobby is ________ chess. I also enjoy ________ stamps. A．play; collecting B．to play; collect C．playing; to collect D．playing; collecting 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我的爱好是下棋。我也喜欢集邮。考查非谓语。第一空前有is，其后动词应用ing形式，作表语；第二空是固定短语enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，故选D。 2.It’s often ________ here in summer. Look! It’s raining. A．sunny B．raining C．windy D．cloudy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这里夏天经常下雨。看！下雨了。考查形容词辨析。sunny晴朗的；raining正在下雨，现在分词；windy有风的；cloudy多云的。根据下文提示“Look! It’s raining.”，可知夏天经常下雨，A/C/D三项不合语境，故选B。 3.The book he _______ on the table is still _______ there. A．lay, lying B．laid, laying C．lied, lying D．laid, lying 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他放在桌子上的那本书现在仍然还在那。考查动词辨析。lay 放置，动词原形 ；lying 说谎或躺，现在分词。laid 放置，过去式或过去分词；laying 放置，现在分词。lied 说谎，过去式或过去分词；lying 说谎或躺，现在分词。laid 放置，过去式或过去分词；lying 说谎或躺，现在分词。根据句意，第一个空是指放在桌子上的那本书，书和动作放之间是被动关系，所以用lay的过去分词。第二个是指现在仍然躺在那，用动词lie，表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，结构是be doing，lie的现在分词是lying。故选D。 4.Never lose _______ heart when _______ any difficulties. A．/；facing B．the；facing C．a；faced D．/；faced 【答案】A 【解析】句意：面对困难时，千万不要灰心。考查冠词和非谓语动词。lose heart灰心，是固定短语；never lose heart是祈使句，其主语you被省略；facing是现在分词，与主语you呈主动关系。故选A。 5.I’m not _______. I have a fever . A．feel well B．feeling good C．feeling well D．feel good 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我感觉不舒服，我发烧了。本题考查固定短语及现在分词。表示身体舒服用feel well，feel good强调心理上的。根据发烧了可知是身体的不舒服排除B、D选项，前面有be动词所以feel要用分词形式feeling，表示的是“在此时的感觉”，故选C。 ★现在分词作定语 1.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Are there many students ________ about the Mid-term Star Awards after class? —Yes, of course. A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——课后有很多学生谈论期中星光奖吗？——是的，当然。考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知，问句中已经包含谓语动词are，所以空格处是非谓语动词；结合选项，主语students和动词talk之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用动词talk的现在分词作后置定语。故选C。 2.（2024·四川成都·一模）—Who is the man ________? —Oh, he is Mr. Green, an English teacher. A．talked with Mary B．talks with Mary C．talking with Mary 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——和玛丽说话的那个男人是谁？ ——哦，是格林先生，一名英语老师。 考查非谓语形式。talk with Mary与玛丽交谈。分析题干可知，该句谓语动词为is，此处是表示“正在跟玛丽说话的人”，主语与talk之间是主动关系，应用该动词短语的现在分词形式，作后置定语。故选C。 3.（2024·河北·一模）There must be many people ________ at the bus station now. A．waited B．to wait C．waiting D．wait 【答案】C 【解析】句意：现在一定有很多人在汽车站等车。考查非谓语。there be sb doing sth“有人正在做某事”，用现在分词作定语。故选C。 4.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）There are only ten minutes ________. A．remained B．remaining C．remains D．being remained 【答案】B 【解析】句意：只剩下十分钟了。考查现在分词的用法。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用非谓语动词，remain，作不及物动词，无被动语态，remaining作后置定语修饰ten minutes，表示剩下十分钟了。故选B。 5.（2024·甘肃武威·二模）There is a car________ outside. A．waiting B．wait C．to wait D．to waiting 【答案】A 【解析】句意：有一部车在外面等着。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中is为谓语动词，而空处应为非谓语动词；there be...doing...“某地有某人正在做某事”。故选A。 ★现在分词作状语 1.（2024·江苏南通·二模）The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there look more beautiful. A．making B．to make C．and make D．and making 【答案】A 【解析】句意：太阳明亮地照耀着，使那里的一切看起来更加美丽。考查非谓语动词。根据“The sun was shining brightly”可知，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，且逻辑主语与make之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式做状语，表达“让那里的一切看起来更加美丽”。故选A。 2.（2024·四川成都·三模）My sister won the competition last weekend and got high praise from my parents, __________ an example for me. A．to set B．setting C．set 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我姐姐上周末赢得了比赛，得到了父母的高度赞扬，为我树立了榜样。考查非谓语。句子主语“My sister”与“set an example for me”之间是主动关系，此处应用现在分词短语作状语，故选B。 3.（2024·甘肃武威·二模）He hurried home, _________behind as he went. A．looking B．looked C．being look D．was looking 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他匆匆赶回家，边走边回头看。考查非谓语动词。根据“as he went”可知，边走边看。主语He与look之间是主动关系，非谓语动词应用现在分词。故选A。 4．（2023·江苏南京·三模）China launched the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship several days ago, ________ three astronauts to its space station combination for a five-month mission. A．to send B．sent C．sending D．have sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意：几天前，中国发射了神舟十六号载人飞船，将三名宇航员送入空间站进行为期五个月的任务。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语动词launched，此空应填现在分词作状语，表示主动关系，故选C。 5.（2023·江苏南京·一模）So far, there are 13 wetland cities in China, ________ a great variety of city styles. A．show B．showing C．to show D．have shown 【答案】B 【解析】句意：到目前为止，中国有13个湿地之城，展示了各种各样的风格。考查非谓语。根据“there are 13 wetland cities in China”可知，句子结构完整，逗号后应用现在分词作状语，与“wetland cities”是主谓关系。故选B。 ★现在分词作补足语 1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）When I was walking past his room, I hear him ________ piano. A．playing B．to play C．to play the D．playing the 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当我路过他的房间时，我听到他在弹钢琴。 考查非谓语动词和定冠词。hear sb. do sth.“听到某人做某事”，强调动作的全过程；hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；路过房间时听到的动作应是正在进行，所以此句应为hear sb. doing sth.结构；又因为“弹钢琴”是play the piano，表示乐器的名词前需要加定冠词the。故选D。 2.（2024·海南·一模）People got very excited when they watched Ms. Smith ________ at the party. A．danced B．dancing C．to dance 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当人们看到史密斯女士在晚会上跳舞时，他们非常兴奋。考查非谓语动词。根据“People got very excited when they watched Ms. Smith…at the party.”可知，watch sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 3.（2023·江苏镇江·二模）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________. —Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes is enough. A．washing B．to wash C．washed D．wash 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——快点，杰森！我们要去电影院，但衣服还需要洗。——别担心。我认为三十分钟就足够了。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处指衣服需要被洗，need doing sth.“某事需要被做”，故空格处应为washing。故选A。 4.（2023·上海长宁·二模）I’m sorry I have kept you ________ for such a long time. The traffic was terrible. A．waiting B．wait C．waited D．to wait 【答案】A 【解析】句意：对不起，我让你等了这么长时间。交通非常糟糕。考查现在分词作宾补。waiting动词现在分词/动名词；wait等待，动词。waited动词过去式/过去分词；to wait动词不定式。根据语境可知，交通很拥堵，可推测此处是让对方一直等待了很长时间，keep sb doing sth表示“使某人一直做某事”，使役动词keep后需填现在分词，作宾补，waiting“等待”为动词wait的现在分词。故选A。 5.（2023·上海奉贤·一模）When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机) ________ over my head. A．flies B．flying C．flew D．fly 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当我走在街上时，我看到一架无人机从我头顶飞过。考查非谓语动词。see…do sth看到……做某事，强调看到整个过程或经常发生的动作；see…doing sth看到……正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。根据“When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机)… over my head”可知，看到无人机正从头顶上飞过，应填现在分词作宾补，故选B。 6.（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—I tried to make Kate _______ her school project carefully but I found it difficult. —Well, I saw you ________ that when I went past. A．did; do B．do; doing C．done; to do D．does; doing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我试图让凯特认真做她的学校项目，但我发现这很难。——嗯，我经过的时候看见你在做那件事。考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，是固定搭配，所以第一空是do；see sb. doing“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；see sb do“看见某人做某事”，强调全过程。第二空根据“when I went past.”可知，是经过时看到对方正在做事情，因此是doing。故选B。 ★过去分词作状语 1．（2024·江苏常州·一模）________ “the Dragon Year”, the name “Loong Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese. A．Compare with B．To compare with C．Compared with D．Comparing with 【答案】C 【解析】句意：与“the Dragon Year”相比，“Loong Year”这个名字增加了我们作为中国人的文化自信。考查非谓语。分析句子可知，“the Dragon Year”是被比较对象，这里应用过去分词作状语。故选C。 2.（2024年江苏省宿迁市宿豫区中考一模）——What's the advantage of this new type of spacecraft? ——_______current (现有)spacecrafts, the new ones would travel much faster. A.Compared with B. Comparing with C. To compare with D. Compare with 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——这种新型航天器的优点是什么?——与现有的航天器相比，新的航天器的飞行速度要快得多。句子的主语为the new ones，因此前面为非谓语动词作比较状语，而不定式表示目的，可排除C;compare with和…….进行比较，用作谓语动词，排除D。comparing with现在分词短语表主动，说明compare这个动作是它的逻辑主语发出的;compared with过去分词短语表被动，和逻辑主语之间表示被动关系。根据句意语境，现有的航天器与新的航天器都是被比较的对象，故答案为A。 3.（2023·江苏镇江·一模）________ with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, making them cheaper to operate. A．Compared B．To compare C．Comparing D．Compare 【答案】A 【解析】句意：与汽油车相比，电动汽车更节能，运行成本更低。考查非谓语动词。根据“...with gasoline cars”可知，此处动词compare与主语的关系为被动，应使用动词过去分词作状语。故选A。 4.（2023·四川成都·一模）With the smoke alarm ________ outside the bedroom, the Greens were woken up in time to stop the terrible fire. A．placed B．placing C．to place 【答案】A 【解析】句意：由于烟雾报警器放在卧室外面，格林一家被及时叫醒，阻止了这场可怕的火灾。考查非谓语动词。空前的“ the smoke alarm”和place有被动关系，表示烟雾报警器“被放置”在教室外，所以用过去分词表示被动。故选A。 5.（2022·江苏徐州·模拟预测）My hometown used to be a small place ________ with ________ it is now. A．compared; how B．compared; what C．comparing; what D．comparing; how 【答案】B 【解析】句意：和现在相比，我的家乡过去是个小地方。考查非谓语动词以及宾语从句。compare与主语是被动关系，所以第一空应填过去分词。第二空作is的表语，应用what引导宾语从句，故选B。 ★过去分词作定语 1.（2024·江苏南京·一模）An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT ________ by Open AI is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history. A．decided B．divided C．developed D．discovered 【答案】C 【解析】句意：Open AI 研发的人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT 是历史上增长最快的消费者应用程序之一。 考查后置定语用法。decided被决定；divided被分成；developed被研发；discovered被发现。根据“An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT...by Open AI is ”可知，空处缺定语，再根据“one of the fastest-growing consumer apps”可知，空处指 “研发”的应用程序，需developed，过去分词作后置定语，修饰主语An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT。故选C。 2.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Be quick! There is little time ________ before the film starts. —OK. Let’s go now. A．leaving B．to leave C．leaves D．left 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——快！电影开始前剩下的时间不多了。——好的。我们现在就走吧。考查非谓语动词。分析句子，空格处应用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语，表示已经完成的动作与被修饰词之间构成被动关系，left 意为 “剩下的” 。故选D。 3.（2024·湖南怀化·一模）Nowadays, people can get more information about the goods through the QR code (二维码) ________ on the card. A．is printed B．printed C．that printed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如今，人们可以通过印在卡片上的二维码获得更多的商品信息。考查非谓语。根据“the QR code (二维码) ... on the card.”可知，the QR code与print之间是动宾关系，且本句不缺少谓语，因此用过去分词作定语，修饰the QR code。故选B。 4．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意：中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的国家和地方。考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，is sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。 5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 【答案】B 【解析】句意：上个月发明的新机器人可以代替人类做许多工作。考查非谓语动词。根据“can do”可知，空处用非谓语动词，主语“robot”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系，因此此处用动词过去分词形式表被动。故选B。 ★过去分词作补足语 1.（24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）——Recently I can't see things clearly.How I regret _mobile games long! ——I think you should get your eyes ________first. A.playing;checked B.playing; to check C. to play; checked D. to play; checking 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——最近我看不清东西。我后悔玩手机游戏太久了!我觉得你应该先检查一下眼睛。 考查非谓语动词。根据“regret”可知，regret doing sth.“后悔做某事”，因此第一个空处应用动名词作宾语;根据“get your eyes”可知，此处应用get sth. done“使某事被做”，因此应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A。 2.（2024·河北衡水·三模）—Do you have any difficulty in ________ English? —Yes, but I try to make myself ________. A．speaking, understood B．to speak, understood C．speaking, understand D．to speak, to understand 【答案】A 【知识点】过去分词作补足语、动名词作宾语 【详解】句意：——你说英语有困难吗？——是的，但我试着让别人理解我。 考查非谓语动词。根据第一个空前的介词“in”可知，此处用动名词形式，作宾语；根据第二个空前的使役动词“make”可知，空处作宾补，宾语与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。故选A。 3.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Tomorrow is Monday, so you must get your homework _________ today. A．done B．to do C．does D．do 【答案】A 【知识点】过去分词作补足语 【解析】句意：明天是星期一，所以你今天必须完成作业。考查非谓语动词。根据“so you must get your homework…today.”可知，get sth. done意为“让某事被做”，固定用法，因此此处用动词过去分词形式done。故选A。 4.（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The career he devoted himself to ________ him ________ by people all over the world. A．made; remembered B．making; remember C．making; was remembered D．made; to remember 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他全身心投入的事业使他被全世界的人所铭记。考查谓语动词和非谓语动词。分析题干可知，第一空前是定语从句，“he devoted himself to”是从句部分，修饰先行词career，表示“全身心投入的事业”，所以第一空应填谓语动词，结合“devoted”可知应用一般过去时，动词用过去式made；第二空结合make和空后的by可知，此处是make sb done“使某人被……”，所以第二空应填过去分词作宾语补足语，故选A。 5.（2023·四川成都·二模）—Dad, the computer doesn’t work. —Don’t worry. I’ll get it ________ tomorrow. A．to repair B．repaired C．repairing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——爸爸，电脑不工作了。——不要担心。我明天修理一下它。考查非谓语动词。it指代前文提到的computer，与repair构成被动关系，所以此处用get sth done表示“某物被做”，故选B。 ★独立主格结构 1. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents sitting together joking. A．their B．whose C．which D．that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：星期天有很多孩子在公园里玩，他们的父母坐在一起开玩笑。考查代词辨析。their他们的；whose谁的；which哪一个；that那个。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词，此处非谓语动词部分的主语和主句的主语不一致，根据“parents sitting together joking”可知此处是独立主格结构，their parents是sitting的逻辑主语。故选A。 2．________ start with, I want to tell you an important thing. A．To B．Of C．From D．About 【答案】A 【解析】句意：首先，我想告诉你一件重要的事情。考查动词不定式的独立主格结构。To朝，到某处，动词不定式符号；Of……的；From自，从；About关于。根据“…start with”可知，此处考查to start with“开始，首先”，固定搭配。故选A。 3．________, it’s really hard to say goodbye to parents when leaving homes. A．To be honest B．To being honest C．To be honestly 【答案】A 【解析】句意：说实话，离开家的时候很难跟父母说再见。考查固定短语。to be honest诚实地说，说实话，固定短语，一般都用在句首或是句末，用来总结概括，作状语，to是动词不定式，后面跟动词原形，be是系动词，后面跟形容词，honest是形容词，而honestly是副词。故选A。 考查题型2 填空类(单句填空、语篇填空) 一、完成句子 （一）动词不定式的用法 ★动词不定式作主语 1.（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）你认为与同学友好相处容易吗? Do you think your classmates? 【答案】it’s easy to get on well with 【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“友好相处容易”的翻译，it’s+形容词+to do sth表示“做某事……”，easy“容易的”，get on well with sb“与某人和睦相处”，故填it’s easy to get on well with。 2.（2024·江苏常州·二模）对学生们来说不熬夜是多么有必要啊！ How ! 【答案】necessary it is for students not to stay up/necessary it is for students not to stay up late 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，本句可译作以How引导的感叹句，结构是：How+形容词+主语+谓语！句中还要用到句型：it is+adj.+for sb.+not to do sth.，形容词necessary意为“必要的”，for students“对于学生来说”；not to stay up/not to stay up late“不熬夜”。其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填necessary it is for students not to stay up (late)。 3.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）关注青少年的心理健康很有必要。 It’s necessary to teenagers’ mental health. 【答案】pay attention to 【解析】关注：pay attention to，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填pay attention to。 4.（2024·江苏常州·一模）对我们来说，要对这些孩子产生巨大的影响是多么困难啊！ How the children! 【答案】difficult it is for us to have a big impact on/hard it is for us to have a big impact on/hard it is for us to have a huge influence on 【解析】句子为how引导的感叹句，所以后接形容词difficult或hard表示“困难的”，it is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说……”，其中人称代词宾格应用us表示“我们”，动词不定式应用to have a big impact on或have a huge influence on表示“对……产生巨大的影响”。故填difficult/hard it is for us to have a big/huge impact/influence on。 5.（2024·上海虹口·二模）wisely, manage money, it is, to learn, important, how to, (连词成句) . 【答案】It is important to learn how to manage money wisely/It is important to learn how to wisely manage money 【解析】由所给标点可知应用陈述句；分析所给单词，it作形式主语，important放在it is后作表语；how to后接manage money，how to manage money作动词learn的宾语；不定式to learn how to manage money作真正的主语；副词widely修饰动词manage，可以放在动词前，也可以放在动词后。故填It is important to learn how to manage money wisely/It is important to learn how to wisely manage money“学会如何明智地理财是很重要的”。 6.（2023·广东广州·二模）学习英语很有必要。通过学习英语，我们能更好地推广我们的文化。 learn English. We can promote our culture in a better way by learning English. 【答案】 It is necessary to 【解析】根据中英文句子可知空处填“很有必要”。“It is+形容词+to do sth.”意为“做某事……”；necessary形容词，“必要的”，故填It；is；necessary；to。 ★动词不定式作宾语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）我们必须学会防范任何可能的危险来提升自身的信息安全。 We must learn to to improve our own information security. 【答案】guard against any possible danger 【解析】结合所给句意“我们必须学会……来提升自身的消息安全”，以及题干中空格部分的设置，可知空格处需要填入“防范任何可能的危险”这一语义。“防范”用动词短语guard against，“任何可能的危险”用名词短语any possible danger。空格处是动词learn的宾语，learn的用法是learn to do sth.“学习做某事”，题目中已经有to一词，因此guard against只需要用原形即可。故填guard against any possible danger。 2.（2024·江苏常州·一模）当时警察们别无选择，只能强行闯入这座房子。 The police at that time. 【答案】had no choice but to break into the house 【解析】have no choice but to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“除了做某事别无选择”；强行闯入break into；house房子。根据句中“at that time”提示，此处指的是过去发生的事，故应用一般过去时，动词have的过去式为had。故填had no choice but to break into the house。 3.（2024·江苏常州·一模）电梯需要每三个月检查一次以便使它们正常工作。 Elevators need . 【答案】to be checked every three months so that they are made to work normally 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“每三个月检查一次以便使它们正常工作”，“每三个月”的英文表达为every three months；“检查”的英文表达为check；“以便”可表达为so that；“使它们正常工作”可表达为they are made to work normally，结合横线前“Elevators need”可知，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，主语Elevators与check之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，结构为：to be checked。故填to be checked every three months so that they are made to work normally。 4.（2024·广东广州·二模）许多学生想知道为什么他们需要参加关于压力的讲座。 Many students may wonder attend the lecture on pressure. 【答案】 why they need/have to 【解析】根据中英对照和分析句子结构可知，动词wonder后接why“为什么”引导宾语从句；they“他们”，作从句主语；need to do sth.“需要做某事”/have to do sth.“不得不做某事”，从句时态为一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填why；they；need/have；to。 5.（2024·上海嘉定·一模）Children can learn about responsibilities from keeping animals as pets. （保持句意不变） 6. Children can learn to from keeping animals as pets. 【答案】be responsible 【解析】句意：孩子们可以从饲养动物作为宠物中学到责任。be responsible“负责任的”，learn to do sth“学习做某事”，故填be；responsible。 ★动词不定式作表语 1.（2024·江苏常州·一模）本次活动的目的是教会学生在日常生活中如何节能。 The purpose of the activity . 【答案】is to teach the students how to save energy in their daily life 【解析】the purpose is to do sth“目的是做某事”，teach sb to do sth“教某人做某事”，the students“学生”，how to save energy“如何节能”，in one’s daily life“在日常生活中”，此处应用形容词性物主代词their指代“学生的”。故填is to teach the students how to save energy in their daily life。 2.（23-24九年级上·甘肃陇南·期末）我的职责就是照看动物园里的这些动物。 My duty is to the animals in the zoo. 【答案】 look after 【解析】空处缺少“照看”的表达，用动词短语look after表示，不定式符号to后跟动词原形，故填look；after。 3.（2022·江苏常州·二模）这个活动的目的是帮助更多的消费者了解这个产品的质量。 The purpose of the activity . 【答案】is to help more customers know about the quality of the product 【解析】help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”；more customers“更多的消费者”；know about the quality of the product“了解这个产品的质量”，此句是一般现在时，主语是单数形式，be动词用is，动词不定式作表语，故填is to help more customers know about the quality of the product。 4.（2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测）成功的第一步是了解你的目标并追逐它们。 The first step of success is to know your goals and them. 【答案】 run after 【解析】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺的是run after“追逐”，是固定短语，空处作表语，与“to know your goals”并列，前面有to，此处动词用原形，故填run；after。 5.我的愿望就是轻而易举地赢得比赛。 My wish is the match . 【答案】 to win without difficulty 【解析】根据语境和句子结构可知，be动词is后应跟动词不定式作表语，“赢”是win，其不定式结构是to win；“轻而易举”可以理解为“没有困难”，可以翻译成without difficulty，在句中作状语。故填to；win；without；difficulty。 ★动词不定式作定语 1.（2025·上海长宁·一模）You should choose James if you need a good secretary.（保持句意基本不变） If you need a good secretary, James is the right person . 【答案】 to choose 【解析】句意：如果你需要一个好秘书，你应该选詹姆斯。分析题干可知，设空所在句表示“詹姆斯是最合适的人选”，choose“选择”，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词person，故填to；choose。 2.（2024·上海奉贤·二模）has made, Susan, further, in Canada, her studies, to, a decision (连词成句) . 【答案】Susan has made a decision to further her studies in Canada 【解析】根据所给词及标点可知，此句为陈述句，时态为现在完成时；Susan人名，作主语；has made a decision“已经做出决定”，固定词组；to further her studies不定式作后置定语；in Canada，作状语。故填Susan has made a decision to further her studies in Canada“苏珊已决定去加拿大深造”。 3.（2024·河北承德·二模）is, it, to, to, go, time, sleep . 【答案】It is time to go to sleep 【解析】根据标点符号“.”可知该句为陈述句。分析所给单词，it作主语，is作谓语，time作表语，to go to sleep作定语。故填It is time to go to sleep“睡觉的时间到了”。 4.（2024·河北邢台·三模）places, are, so many, of, to, there, go, interest . 【答案】There are so many places of interest to go 【解析】根据所给词汇和标点可知，该句为there be句型，且时态为一般现在时。There置于句首，后接谓语动词are，place of interest为名词短语，so many修饰该名词短语；to go作后置定语修饰place of interest。故填There are so many places of interest to go“有很多有趣的地方可以去”。 5.（2023·重庆·中考真题）加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。（完成译句） Joining a club is a good way to . 【答案】 make friends 【解析】交朋友：make friends，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填make；friends。 ★动词不定式作主语补足语 1.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）最新规定，学生和老师不再要求在校戴口罩。 According to the latest regulations, students and teachers masks at school. 【答案】are no longer required to wear 【解析】根据句意和题干可知，空处表示“不再要求戴”。no longer“不再”，是固定表达;require“要求”，动词，分析句子可知主语“students and teachers”和动词之间是被动关系，句子是一般现在时，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are done，主语是复数，be动词用are;wear“戴”，动词，此处应用动词不定式作主语补足语。故填are no longer required to wear。 2.（23-24九年级上·山东菏泽·期末）应该允许16岁的孩子穿耳洞吗？ Should sixteen year olds be to their ears pierced? 【答案】 allowed get/have 【解析】情态动词should后跟动词原形；be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”；get/have one’s ears pierced“穿耳洞”。故填allowed；get/have。 3.（22-23九年级上·河北张家口·期末）heard, he, sing, in, was, the,room, to . 【答案】He was heard to sing in the room 【知识点】肯定句、过去发生的动作/状态、动词不定式作主语补足语、介词短语、was、sing(sang sung)、【解析】根据所给词汇和标点提示可知，句子为肯定句，时态为一般过去时；he作主语；be heard to do sth.“被听到做某事”，为固定短语，was heard to sing“被听到唱歌”；in the room“在房间里”。故填He was heard to sing in the room“有人听见他在房间里唱歌”。 4.（22-23九年级上·陕西宝鸡·期末）实验室里任何人都不允许制造噪音。 Nobody is allowed in the laboratory. 【答案】to make noise 【解析】be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，make noise“制造噪音”，故填to make noise。 5.（22-23九年级上·山东枣庄·期末）青少年不应该被允许和老师顶嘴。 Teenagers are not allowed to to their teachers. 【答案】 talk back 【解析】顶嘴：talk back，sb be allowed to do“某人不被允许做某事”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填talk；back。 ★动词不定式作宾语补足语 1.（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）老师经常鼓励学生们相互紧密合作。 The teacher often each other. 【答案】encourages students to work closely with 【解析】encourage sb. do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，由“often”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语“The teacher”为第三人称单数，谓语动词要用三单；students“学生们”，作encourage的宾语；work with sb.“与某人合作/工作”，动词短语；closely“紧密地”，副词修饰动词work。故填encourages students to work closely with。 2.（2024·江苏常州·二模）妈妈常告诉我，既不要炫耀也不要失去自信。 Mum often tells me . 【答案】neither to show off nor to lose confidence/neither to show off nor to lose heart 【解析】对照中英文可知，本空缺少“既不要炫耀也不要失去自信”；neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，两个词后面所接成分相同，tell sb. to do sth.表示“告诉某人做某事”，本题中两词后面都接不定式；show off意为“炫耀”，lose confidence/heart意为“失去自信”。故填neither to show off nor to lose confidence/heart。 3.（2024·广东广州·二模）学校教会我们如何为面对真实世界做好准备，成为更好的自己。 The school teaches us    for the real world and helps us become better selves. 【答案】 to get ready 【解析】“为……做好准备”表达为get ready for，固定短语。teach sb to do sth表示“教某人做某事”，故填to；get；ready。 4.（2024·广东广州·二模）兴趣与欢笑能帮助学生远离苦恼。 Hobbies and laughter can help the students worries. 【答案】stay away from/keep away from 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，stay/keep away from表示“远离”，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，故填stay/keep away from。 5.（2024·上海崇明·二模）enables, to know more, the Internet, about the world, people (连词成句) . 【答案】The Internet enables people to know more about the world 【解析】根据所给标点可知，本句应用陈述句句式。分析所给单词，the Internet作主语，位于句首字母t大写；enables作谓语；people作宾语；to know more about the world作宾补。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，本句时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填The Internet enables people to know more about the world“互联网使人们能够更多地了解世界”。 6.（2024·广东广州·一模）幸运的是，她的寄宿家庭设法帮助她适应了这里的生活。 Luckily, her host family managed to help her here. 【答案】 adapt to the life 【解析】适应：adapt to，help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”；这里的生活：the life here。故填adapt；to；the；life。 ★动词不定式作目的状语 1.（2024·江苏常州·二模）当时人们别无选择，只能依靠大自然来生存。 People at that time. 【答案】had no choice but to depend on nature to live 【解析】除了……别无选择：have no choice but to do；依靠：depend on；大自然：nature；生存：live，此处用不定式形式作目的状语。根据“at that time”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，所以动词用过去式形式。故填had no choice but to depend on nature to live。 2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）作为上司，要与他人融洽相处，理应懂得尊重。 , the boss is supposed to show respect. 【答案】To get along well with others 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“要与他人融洽相处”，其英文表达为动词短语get along well with sb.，others“其他人”；此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，位于句首首字母t需大写。故填To get along well with others。 3.（2024·上海青浦·二模）used to, Tom’s family, his growth, to record, take pictures (连词成句) . 【答案】Tom’s family used to take pictures to record his growth. 【解析】根据所给提示词可知本句是陈述句，Tom’s family作主语；used to过去常常，后接动词原形；take pictures动词短语，后接动词不定式作目的状语；to record his growth作目的状语，其中his growth作宾语。故答案为：Tom’s family used to take pictures to record his growth.“汤姆的家人过去常常拍照片来记录他的成长”。 4.（2023·广东广州·二模）为了鼓励同学们学习英语，学校准备举办英语周。 students to learn English, the school plans to hold an English Week. 【答案】 In order to encourage 【解析】为了做某事：in order to do sth.；鼓励：encourage。故填In；order；to；encourage。 5.（2024·天津武清·三模）为了很快进入比赛状态，我们都提早到达场地去热身。 In order to get into the game quickly, we all arrived at the field early to . 【答案】warm up 【解析】热身：warm up；动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填warm up。 ★动词不定式作原因状语 1.（2024·安徽·二模）The monitor was happy to g________(带领)us across the playground to the dining hall. 【答案】(g)uide 【解析】句意:班长很高兴地带领我们穿过操场到达餐厅。根据所给出的中文提示和首字母可知该空填的是动词guide，不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填(g)uide。 2.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）How proud the parents were________(hear) their son had won the first prize! 【答案】to hear 【解析】句意:听到他们的儿子得了第一名，父母是多么自豪啊!hear“听见”，动词。分析题干可知，此处是固定短语be proud to do sth“自豪做某事”，故填to hear. 3.（23-24九年级上·江苏南通·期中）He saved his neighbor from a fire. He was brave. (合并为一句) He his neighbor from a fire. 【答案】 was brave enough to save 【解析】句意：他把邻居从火中救了出来，他很勇敢。可以改写为“他足够勇敢从火中救出了邻居”。“足够……做某事”翻译成“be+形容词+enough to do sth”，be动词是was，形容词是brave，save用不定式to save。故填was；brave；enough；to；save。 4.（23-24九年级上·河北保定·期末）to slip and fall, not, but, be careful . 【答案】But be careful not to slip and fall 【解析】根据所给单词可知，缺少主语，该句是祈使句。连词but置于句首，首字母需大写；be careful to do sth“小心做某事”，不定式的否定形式是not to do；slip和fall用and连接，表示两个动作先后发生。故填But be careful not to slip and fall“但要小心不要滑倒”。 5．老师非常高兴地宣读这次摄影比赛的获胜者。 The teacher is more than happy to the winners of the photo competition. 【答案】 read out 【解析】“宣读”read out，be happy to do sth“很高兴做某事”，故填read；out。 ★动词不定式作结果状语 1.（2024·重庆九龙坡·二模）他太年轻了，不能自己开车。(完成译句) He is young drive by himself. 【答案】 too to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，设空处可意为“太……而不能……”，其英文表达为too...to...。故填too；to。 2.（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）活到老，学到老。 It is never old learn. 【答案】 too to 【解析】根据中英文对照分析，空处为too ... to“太……而不能”，固定短语。故填too；to。 3.（2023·江苏常州·一模）这个工程师足够聪明，能清晰地表达自己。 The engineer is . 【答案】clever enough to express himself/herself clearly/so clever that he/she can express himself/herself clearly 【解析】空处缺少的是“足够聪明，能清晰地表达自己”；“足够……能做……”可以用“形容词+enough+to do sth”或“so+形容词+that从句”；“聪明的”clever；“清晰地表达自己”express himself/herself clearly。“能”can，后跟动词。故填clever enough to express himself/herself clearly/so clever that he/she can express himself/herself clearly。 4.（2023·江苏淮安·二模）票价很低了，因为我太忙于家务而不能买票，请你给我买两张吧。 The is very low. Please buy me two because I am with housework to do that. 【答案】 ticket price too busy 【解析】“票价”是名词短语ticket price，根据“太忙于家务而不能买票”可知此处应用“too+形容词/副词+to do sth”来表示，“忙”用形容词busy表示。故填ticket price；too busy。 5.（2023·上海嘉定·二模）Jodie is so independent. She makes decisions on her own. (合并为一句) Jodie is independent make decisions on her own. 【答案】 enough to 【解析】句意：朱迪很独立。她自己做决定。根据原句可知，此处指Jodie足够独立，能独自做决定，be adj. enough to do sth“足够……做某事”。故填enough；to。 6.（2023·广东广州·二模）去年，他太紧张了，没进入半决赛。 Last year, he enter the semi-final. 【答案】 was too nervous to 【解析】too+形容词+to do“太……而不能……”，be nervous“紧张的”，系表结构。根据“Last year”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是he，be动词用was。故填was；too；nervous；to。 （二）动名词的用法 ★动名词作主语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）和同龄孩子融洽相处让我们的校园生活丰富多彩。 makes our school life colourful. 【答案】Getting along well with children of the same age 【解析】和某人融洽相处：get along well with sb.，此处作主语用动名词；同龄的孩子：children of the same age。故填Getting along well with children of the same age。 2.（2024·江苏常州·一模）复习所学过的知识使我们总是在学习上处于领先地位。 Going in our study. 【答案】over what we (have) learned makes us always take the lead 【解析】考查动名词短语作主语。go over复习；take the lead领先；what we (have) learned 我们所学习的；make us always take the lead使我们总是处于领先地位。故填over what we (have) learned makes us always take the lead。 3.（2024·江苏无锡·三模）与人友好相处使你更容易融入新的集体。 for you to fit into a new group. 【答案】Getting on well with others makes it easier/Getting along well with others makes it easier 【解析】根据中英文对照，与人友好相处：get on/along well with others；容易的：easy，比较级easier“更容易”；make it easier“使得……更容易”，it作形式宾语；根据句意用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用三单。故填Getting on/along well with others makes it easier。 4.（2024·天津和平·二模）说话的时候，用手指着别人是不礼貌的。 others while talking is not polite. 【答案】 Pointing at 【解析】根据句子可知，point at“指向”，此处是作主语，应用动名词形式。故填Pointing；at。 5.（2024·贵州贵阳·二模）网上交友对中学生来说是不安全的。 on the Internet is not safe for middle school students. 【答案】 Making friends 【解析】“交友”对应的英文为make friends，句中已有谓语，应用动名词作主语，make的动名词形式是making，句首字母要大写。故填Making；friends。 ★动名词作宾语 1.（2024·上海奉贤·一模）spend, the beauty of Sichuan, a week, discovering, Mary, decided to （连词成句） . 【答案】Mary decided to spend a week discovering the beauty of Sichuan 【解析】根据标点及所给词可知，本句是陈述句，主语是Mary，decided to 后跟动词原形spend；spend +时间+doing sth“花费时间做某事”，是固定结构，a week指时间；discovering是动名词；the beauty of Sichuan作discovering的宾语。故填Mary decided to spend a week discovering the beauty of Sichuan“玛丽决定花一个星期的时间去发现四川的美丽”。 2.（2024·广东广州·二模）她期待来中国体验文化习俗。 She Chinese culture and customs. 【答案】looked forward to experiencing 【解析】look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式；experience“体验”，此处用动名词形式。故填looked forward to experiencing。 3.（2024·广东广州·二模）我一直坚持看更多的电影，渐渐地我取得了进步。 I more movies and gradually . 【答案】 kept watching made progress 【解析】根据中英文可知，keep doing“一直做”，watch movies“看电影”，make progress“取得进步”，此处描述过去发生的动作，使用动词过去式，故填kept watching；made progress。 4.（2024·江苏常州·二模）我们要学会照顾自己，而不是一直依赖父母。 We should learn to look after ourselves all the time. 【答案】instead of depending on our parents 【解析】结合中英文提示，此处缺“而不是依赖我们的父母”，“而不是”的英文表达为“instead of”，为介词短语，介词后接动名词；“依赖”的英文表达为“depend on”，为动词短语；我们的父母“our parents”。故填instead of depending on our parents。 5.（2024·河北石家庄·二模）music, listening to, like, I . 【答案】I like listening to music 【解析】根据所给标点可知为陈述句。I作主语，like作谓语，listening to music作宾语，故填I like listening to music“我喜欢听音乐”。 ★动名词作表语 1.（2023·贵州黔南·一模）我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上表现得体。 My biggest challenge how to behave at the dinner table. 【答案】 is learning 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少谓语。本句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故用be动词is。learn“学习”，动词，用其动名词作表语。故填is；learning。 2.（2022·湖北随州·一模）我最大的挑战是学习餐桌礼仪。 My challenge is how to behave at the dinner table. 【答案】 biggest learning 【解析】biggest“最大的”，形容词最高级修饰名词challenge；learn“学习”，动名词作表语，故填biggest；learning。 3.从她身上我体会到打败困难的唯一方式是不断努力而不是抱怨。 From her I learned the only way to instead of complaining. 【答案】beat difficulties was keeping trying/beat difficulties is keeping trying 【解析】从她身上我体会到打败困难的唯一方式是不断努力而不是抱怨。根据the way to do做某事的方法，keep doing sth坚持做某事，动名词做表语；故填beat difficulties was/is keeping trying. 4.我的爱好是收集硬币。 My hobby the coins. 【答案】 is collecting 【解析】collect“收集”，是动词，根据汉语意思可知此处应用其动名词形式作表语，说明主语的状况，主语是第三人单数，be动词用is，表示“是”。故填is；collecting。 ★动名词作定语 1.悉尼歌剧院像一艘巨大的帆船。 The Sydney Opera House is like a huge . 【答案】 sailing boat 【解析】根据汉语提示可知空格处表示的应是“帆船”，英语表达为sailing boat，且前面有a，故要用单数，故填sailing；boat。 2.the fish, of, frightens, banging the water, underwater, the noise (连词成句) . 【答案】The noise of banging the water frightens the fish of underwater 【解析】根据所给单词和标点可知，本句为陈述句，the noise of banging the water“敲击水产生的噪音”作主语；frightens“使害怕”作谓语；the fish of underwater“水下的鱼”作宾语。故填The noise of banging the water frightens the fish of underwater“敲击水产生的噪音使水下的鱼害怕”。 ★现在分词作表语 这个消息令人兴奋,我们整个晚上都非常兴奋。 The news was______ and we were ______ the whole night. 【答案】exciting；excited 【解析】根据句意，第一个空格和前半句结合起来表示“这个消息令人兴奋”，所以应该填入“exciting”，它是一个现在分词转化而来的形容词，用来描述事物（在这里是“news”）令人感到兴奋的特性。第二个空和后半句表示“我们整个晚上都非常兴奋”，所以应该填入“excited”，它是一个过去分词转化而来的形容词，用来描述人（在这里是“we”）感到兴奋的状态。 ★现在分词作定语 1.（23-24九年级上·甘肃武威·期末）There are some children who are having fun. (改为同义句) There are some children . 【答案】 having fun 【解析】句意：有些孩子正在玩得很开心。根据“There are”可知，该句能改为there be sb doing，为现在分词作定语，修饰其前的名词，相当于一个定语从句。故填having；fun。 2.（2023·重庆沙坪坝·三模）看！有人正在校门口等你呢。（完成译句） Look! There someone for you at the school gate. 【答案】 is waiting 【解析】此处是there be句型，主语是不定代词someone，be动词用is；wait“等待”，动词，此处应用现在分词作定语。故填is；waiting。 3.一个路过的人问我邮局怎么走。 Somebody asked me the post office. 【答案】 passing by the way to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，pass by“路过”，动词短语，此处应用现在分词形式作定语，因此应用passing；the way to“……的路”。故填passing；by；the；way；to。 4.你想询问照片里那个弹吉他的男孩是谁。     Who’s ? 【答案】the boy playing the guitar in the photo 【解析】the boy“那个男孩”，play the guitar“弹吉他”，作后置定语，修饰名词the boy，与所修饰词之间是主动关系，用现在分词，in the photo“在照片里”，故填the boy playing the guitar in the photo。 5.我的妻子认为那可能是一只动物，但我和我的朋友们认为那一定是一些青少年在玩耍。 My wife thinks that it an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers . 【答案】 could be having fun 【解析】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“可能是”以及“在玩耍”；could be“可能是”，表示推测；have fun“玩耍”，分析句子结构可知，此处用现在分词形式，作定语。故填could；be；having；fun。 ★现在分词作状语 1.（2024·山东烟台·二模）回顾2020年的春天，许多难忘的记忆将永远留在我们心中。 to the spring of 2020, quite a lot of unforgettable memories will live in our heart. 【答案】 Looking back 【解析】回顾：look back to，句中有谓语动词，look back to位于句首，常用现在分词作状语。故填Looking；back。 2.我们通常只在城镇中心四处走动，尽可能多见一些朋友! We often just walk around the town center, many of our friends ！ 【答案】 seeing as as we can 【解析】空处表达“尽可能多见”，as...as sb can“尽某人所能”，固定用法，we“我们”，see“见到”，空处作状语，see与其逻辑主语We是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填seeing；as；as；we；can。 3.（2023·新疆·中考真题）使用公筷夹菜是一种良好的餐桌礼仪。 It is good manners to pick up food serving chopsticks. 【答案】 table with/using 【解析】“餐桌礼仪”table manners，“使用”use，动词，在句中作状语，所以用现在分词using；或可以用介词with表示“使用”。故填table；with/using。 4.虽然有些人坚持只看一种类型的电影，而我喜欢根据那天的心情看不同类型的电影。 While some people only one kind of movie, I like to watch different kinds I feel that day. 【答案】 stick to depending on how 【解析】stick to“坚持”，句子用一般现在时，主语是“some people”，此时动词stick用原形；depend on“取决于”，此处的动词depend用现在分词形式depending，作状语；how I feel“我的心情，我的感受”。故填stick；to；depending；on；how。 5.（2022·陕西宝鸡·模拟预测）作为一名学生，我会做我能做的任何事情来保护环境。 ，I will do whatever I can to protect the environment. 【答案】As a student/Being a student 【解析】as或者being可表示“作为”，a student是“一名学生”。因此“作为一名学生”可表示为as a student或者being a student，位于句首时首字母要大写。故填As a student/Being a student。 6.我们一直向对方扔雪球，叫着，笑着。 We kept , . 【答案】 throwing snowballs at each other screaming and laughing 【解析】throw sth at sb“向某人扔某物”，snowballs“雪球”，each other“互相”，keep doing sth“一直做某事”，因此填动名词throwing；“叫着，笑着”译为“screaming and laughing”，构成现在分词作伴随状语。故填throwing snowballs at each other；screaming and laughing。 ★现在分词作补足语 1.（2023·江苏淮安·三模）成千上万的物资每天被捐往灾区，以防止物资耗尽。 Thousands of goods to the disaster area to prevent goods every day. 【答案】 are donated from running out 【解析】分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时的被动语态。根据中英文对照，第一空上缺的是“被捐”，由于主语是“Thousands of goods”，所以横线上应是are donated；第二空上应是“耗尽”run out，由于prevent from doing ，所以横线应是from running out。故填are donated；from running out。 2.（2023·四川达州·二模）快点儿！不要让妈妈一直在外面等我们。（完成译句） Hurry up! Don’t keep mum      us outside. 【答案】 waiting for 【解析】根据中英文句子可知空处填“等待”。wait for“等待”，keep sb. doing sth.“让某人一直做某事”，固定短语。故填waiting；for。 3.（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）当我走出厨房的时候，听见有人敲门。 When I got out of the kitchen, I heard someone the door. 【答案】 knocking at/on 【解析】knock at/on“敲门”，根据“When I got out of the kitchen”可知，空处强调听到某人正在做某事，hear sb doing sth表示“听到某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾补，故填knocking；at/on。 4.（2023·重庆沙坪坝·二模）今天早上当我醒来看向窗外时，我看见太阳正在天空中闪闪发光。（完成译句） When I and looked out of the window this morning, I saw the sun in the sky. 【答案】 woke shinhing 【解析】wake“醒来”，根据“and looked out of”可知时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式woke；shine“闪闪发光”，see...doing“看见……正在……”，此处用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填woke；shinhing。 5.让别人等太久是不礼貌的。 It is to keep others for a long time. 【答案】 impolite waiting 【解析】对照中英文提示可知，此处缺的是“不礼貌”和“等待”，此处是句型“It is adj to do sth.”，此句型中不定式是真正的主语，It作形式主语，“不礼貌的”是形容词impolite，在句中作表语，第二空表达的是“让某人做某事”，英语是keep sb doing sth，所以用ing形式作补语，故填impolite，waiting。 ★过去分词作状语 1.（23-24九年级上·天津红桥·期末）和去年相比，今年我们取得了更大的成就。 last year, we have had more success this year. 【答案】 Compared to/with 【解析】根据中文以及英文提示可知空格处缺少“和……相比”，be compared with/to，分析句子成分可知动词的过去分词作前置状语，compared位于句首需大写。故填Compared；to/with。 2.（2023·江苏常州·一模）与过去相比，房价上涨很快。 the past, the prices of houses . 【答案】 Compared with/Compared to have risen rapidly 【解析】比较中英文意思，缺失内容为“与……相比”和“上涨很快”。compared with/to“与……相比”；rise rapidly“上涨很快”。根据中文可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have，后接过去分词risen。故填Compared with/to；have risen rapidly。 3.（2023·江苏常州·一模）与传统书店相比，书吧为我们打开了一个全新的世界。 , book bars . 【答案】 Compared with traditional bookshops open up a whole new world to us 【解析】根据中英文对比，可知这里缺少“与传统书店相比”和“为我们打开了一个全新的世界”，“与……相比”是“compare with...”，“传统书店”是“traditional bookshops”，主语为“book bars”，与动词短语“compare with”是被动关系，第一空用过去分词，第一空填Compared with traditional bookshops；“打开”是“open up”，“全新的世界”是“whole new world”，主语为“book bars”，是复数，谓语动词用原形，第二空填open up a whole new world to us。故填Compared with traditional bookshops；open up a whole new world to us。 4.（2022·甘肃酒泉·模拟预测）和诗歌相比较，故事通常有较长的段落。 poems, stories usually have longer passages. 【答案】 Compared with 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，compare with “和……相比”，此空在句首作状语，且主语stories与动词之间是被动关系，故此空应填过去分词。故填Compared；with。 5.（2023·甘肃庆阳·一模）和你的旧房子相比你的新房子怎么样？ your old house, how is your new one? 【答案】 Compared with 【解析】根据中文意思可知本题考查动词短语compare...with...“把……和……作比较”，此处的逻辑主语为主句的主语your new house，和谓语动词compare为被动关系，所以应用动词的过去分词作状语，故填Compared；with。 ★过去分词作定语 1.（2023·江苏常州·一模）张艺谋导演的电影《满江红》受到了观众的高度赞扬。 The film All Red by Zhang Yimou the audience. 【答案】 directed was highly praised by 【解析】根据语境可知，directed by表示“由……导演”，过去分词directed作后置定语，修饰film；be highly praised by sb表示“受到某人的高度赞扬”，句子时态为一般过去时被动语态，主语为The film，be动词用was。故填directed；was highly praised by。 2.（2023·江苏常州·一模）张艺谋执导的《满江红》值得一看吗？ the film All Red by Zhang Yimou ? 【答案】 Is directed worth watching/worth seeing 【解析】根据中文提示可知，值得做某事：be worth doing sth；看：watch/see。执导：direct，与“Zhang Yimou”是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。句子是一般疑问句，且为一般现在时，be动词提到主语前，故填Is；directed；worth watching/seeing。 3.（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）妮妮房间的墙上贴了很多奖状。 There are many certificates of award on the wall of Nini’s room. 【答案】posted 【解析】post“贴”，certificates of award与动词post“贴”之间是被动关系，且此句已有谓语动词are，故此空应填过去分词作定语，故填posted。 4.（2024·山东枣庄·二模）The movie Yolo Chinese media companies received success. 由中国传媒公司制作的电影《热辣滚烫》获得了成功。 【答案】 produced by 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“由……制作”，其对应英文短语be produced by；主语The movie和Chinese media companies之间是被动关系，句中不缺谓语，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填produced；by。 5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Mary has a brother. His name is Jimmy. (合并为一句话) Mary has a brother . 【答案】named Jimmy/called Jimmy 【解析】句意：玛丽有一个哥哥。他的名字叫吉米。此处可改为“玛丽有一个叫吉米的哥哥”，句中有谓语动词，此处用过去分词named/called作后置定语修饰brother，故填named/called Jimmy。 ★过去分词作补足语 1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）I will ask somebody to repair my bike. (改为同义句) I will get my bike . 【答案】repaired 【解析】句意：我会让人来修我的自行车。自行车应是被修理，get sth done“使某物被……”，此处应填过去分词表被动，repair过去分词是repaired。故填repaired。 2.（24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）别担心明天的缺席。我会找人把讲座录制下来的。 Don’t worry about our absence tomorrow. I will . 【答案】have the speech recorded 【解析】have sth done“找人做某事”，the speech“讲座”，record“录制”，其过去分词为recorded，在句中作宾语补足语，will后加动词原形。故填have the speech recorded。 3.You need to ask somebody to check your computer. （同义句转换） You need to your computer . 【答案】 have checked 【解析】句意：你需要让某人来检查你的电脑。ask sb. to do sth.“要某人做某事”，可替换为have sth. done“使某事被做”，其中have为使役动词，过去分词checked作宾补，表被动。故填have；checked。 4.小男孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了。 The little boys were playing with snow their hands red. 【答案】with frozen 【解析】frozen“冻僵”，对照中英文，设空处可用“with+名词/代词+过去分词”，在句中表示伴随的状态，作状语。故填with。 5.（22-23九年级上·重庆北碚·期末）工人们承诺了年底前会将房子修建完毕。(完成译句) The workers promised to the house by the end of the year. 【答案】have/get finished 【解析】根据中英文对照可知缺少的内容是“将房子修建完毕”，have/ get sth done“让某事被做”，第一空前“promised to”后加动词原形，所以填have/get;finish表示“完成”，其过去分词为finished。故填have/ get; finished。 ★过去分词作表语 1.（2022·湖北黄冈·模拟预测）我们应该邀请全体同学，这样任何人都不会感到被孤立。（leave） We are supposed to invite the whole class, so no one will feel . 【答案】left out 【解析】短语leave out“忽略”，是动词，此处是感到被忽略。此处是过去分词作表语，leave的过去分词是left，feel left out“感到被冷落”。故填left out。 2.（2022·辽宁抚顺·二模）他没有被邀请参加尼克的聚会，他感到被冷落了。 He wasn’t invited to Nick’s party and felt . 【答案】left out 【解析】根据句意可知，“冷落”的英文表达是“leave out”，且需要用过去分词表被动，“leave”的过去分词形式是“left”。故填left out。 3.当自己的孩子出生时，那些新爸爸们往往有被冷落的感觉。 New fathers often feel when their baby arrives. 【答案】 left out 【解析】空处缺少“被冷落”的表达；leave out表示“不提及；冷落”，空处应用过去分词表示被动关系，在句中作表语。故填left；out。 ★非谓语动词独立主格结构 1.说实话，我不喜欢这部电影。 , I don’t like this film. 【答案】 To tell the truth 【解析】根据语境及所给单词可知，此处考查动词短语to tell the truth“说实话”，为不定式作独立成分，首字母开头大写。故填To；tell；the；truth。 2.说实在的，我已经好久没吃披萨了。 , I haven’t eaten pizza for . 【答案】 To be honest a while 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“说实在的”和“好久”，其中“说实在的”对应英文短语to be honest，句首字母要大写，“好久”对应英文短语a while，故空格处应填To；be；honest；a；while。 二、单词拼写 ★动词不定式作主语 1.（2025·上海虹口·一模）It was impossible for the Greeks to without the help of the trick. (success) 【答案】succeed 【解析】句意：如果没有这个技巧的帮助，希腊人是不可能成功的。分析句子结构可知，此处为句型“It is＋形容词＋for sb to do sth”，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，it为形式主语，不定式在此为真正的主语，空处应填动词原形，因此应用success的动词形式succeed。故填succeed。 2.（2024江苏无锡·二模）It's really wise of you (join) the club. You have so many friends now. 【答案】to join 【解析】句意:你加入这个俱乐部真是太明智了。你现在有这么多朋友。根据“It’s really wise of you...the club."可知，选择加入俱乐部是明智的。考查的是it is+形容词+of sb to do sth."某人做某事是……的”，这里的形容词是形容人的品质、品德等。故填to join。 3.（2024·江苏盐城·二模）It was necessary for these volunteers (receive) training before doing their tasks. 【答案】to receive 【解析】句意:在进行任务之前让这些志愿者接受训练是有必要的。it is +形容词+for sb to do表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”，故填to receive。 4.（2024·江苏无锡· 一模）What a pity it was (see) Xiao Ni fail the magic during the2024 Spring Festival Gala! 【答案】to see 【解析】句意:2024年春晚，小尼妮魔术失败了，真是太可惜了。分析句子可知，横线上是不定式结构作真正的主语。故填to see。 5.（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Everyone makes mistakes. but it's important to c (改正) them in time. 【答案】(c)orrect 【解析】句意:每个人都会犯错，但重要的是要及时改正。根据中文及首字母可知，此处应用correct“改正”，动词;分析句子可知，此处是it固定句型:it's+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是……的”。故填(c)orrect。 ★动词不定式作宾语 1.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Fangfang’s mother is busy doing her business, so she isn’t able to (留出，匀出) time for her daughter. 【答案】spare 【解析】句意：芳芳的妈妈忙于她的生意，所以她没有时间陪她的女儿。根据英文句子及汉语提示可知，be able to do sth.“能够做某事”，固定词组，因此空处应用动词原形；spare“留出，匀出”，动词。故填spare。 2..（2024·浙江杭州·三模）My car broke down on the highway, so I need to r it as soon as possible. 【答案】(r)epair 【解析】句意：我的车在高速公路上抛锚了，所以我需要尽快修理它。根据“My car broke down on the highway, so I need to r... it as soon as possible.”可知，抛锚了，所以要修理，repair“修理”，need to do sth“需要做某事”。故填(r)epair。 3.（2024·江苏南京·三模）As one of the most famous businessmen, he manages (run) over 100 companies. 【答案】to run 【解析】句意:作为最著名的商人之一，他经营着100多家公司。manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”。故填to run。 4.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）The organization tried to c the charity walk because of the bad weather. 【答案】(c)ancel 【解析】句意:由于天气恶劣，该组织试图取消慈善步行活动。根据“because of the bad weather”和首字母提示可知，天气不好应当取消活动，cancel“取消”，try to do sth“试图做某事”，空处用动词原形。故填(c)ancel。 5.（2024·安徽淮北·三模）Betty likes to r (放松) herself by listening to music when she feels stressed. 【答案】(r)elax 【解析】句意:当贝蒂感到压力时，她喜欢通过听音乐来放松自己。“放松”relax。like to do sth“喜欢做某事”，故填(r)elax。 ★动词不定式作表语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）You will have to work hard if you are to (success). 【答案】succeed 【解析】句意：要想有所作为，你必须苦干。success 成功，胜利。分析句子结构可知，从句中的不定式to do作表语，故空格处需填入动词形式，故填succeed。 2.（2023·上海崇明·二模）My uncle is a doctor and his job is to people’s lives. (save) 【答案】save 【解析】句意：我叔叔是一位医生，他的工作就是挽救人们的性命。根据“is to”可知此空应填动词原形，动词不定式作表语。故填save。 3.（2022·江苏无锡·二模）What you can do now is to think twice and (选择) a better way to go. 【答案】choose 【解析】句意：你现在能做的就是三思而后行，然后选择一条更好的路。根据中文提示可知，choose表示“选择”，此空与think构成并列关系，故此空应填动词原形，故填choose。 ★动词不定式作定语 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）He often walks in nature because he thinks it is a good way to (rest after work). 【答案】relax 【解析】句意：他经常在大自然中散步，因为他认为这是一种很好的放松方式。“rest after work”表示“下班后休息”，可用relax“使放松”代替，不定式结构中用动词原形。故填relax。 2.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Our head teacher is always the first (come) to the classroom in the morning. 【答案】to come 【解析】句意：我们班主任早上总是第一个来教室。the first to do sth“第一个做某事”，空处用不定式。故填to come。 3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Exercise and social support are good ways (control) stress. 【答案】to control 【解析】句意：锻炼和社会支持是控制压力的好方法。根据“are good ways…(control) stress.”可知，这里考查的是：be good ways to do sth.固定短语，意为是“做某事的好方法”，所以to后面应该用动词原形control。故填to control。 4.（2024·上海闵行·二模）Reading, as well as traveling, is one of the best ways to our mind. (rich) 【答案】enrich 【解析】句意：阅读和旅行一样，是丰富我们思想的最佳方式之一。one of the best ways to do sth“做某事的最佳方法之一”，不定式to后加rich的动词原形enrich。故填enrich。 5.（2024·山东济宁·中考真题）It is said that Shen Nong was the first to (发现) tea as a drink. 【答案】discover 【解析】句意：据说神农是第一个发现茶是一种饮料的人。discover“发现”，动词；be the first to do sth表示“第一个做某事”，空处用不定式作定语。故填discover。 ★动词不定式作主语补足语 1.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）The students are allowed to b (借) three books from the library at a time. 【答案】(b)orrow 【解析】句意：学生们被允许一次从图书馆借三本书。borrow“借”，be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，故填(b)orrow。 2.（23-24九年级上·四川达州·期末）In old days, the poor were made (work) for the boss for over 18 hours a day. 【答案】to work 【解析】句意：在过去，穷人每天要为老板工作18个多小时。be made to do sth“被迫做某事；可知填动词不定式。故填to work。 3.（23-24九年级上·四川成都·期末）Nowadays, students are required not only to know the answer, but also to be able to e the reason behind it. 【答案】(e)xplain 【解析】句意：现在，学生不仅要知道答案，而且要能够解释背后的原因。结合“not only to know the answer, but also to be able to … the reason”和首字母“e”可知，此处是指不仅要知道答案还要解释原因；explain“解释”，动词，前有“be able to”，此处用动词原形。故填(e)xplain。 4.（23-24九年级上·云南昆明·期末）Students aren’t allowed to one another in the hallways. (追逐) 【答案】run after 【解析】句意：学生们不允许在走廊里相互追逐。run after“追逐”，be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填run after。 ★动词不定式作宾语补足语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Online museums allow people (learn) about world history at home. 【答案】to learn 【解析】句意：网上博物馆允许人们在家学习世界历史。allow sb to do表示“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to learn。 2.（2024·云南德宏·一模）Last Sunday, my father drove us to help farmers . (采茶) 【答案】to pick tea/to pick tea leaves/pick tea/pick tea leaves 【解析】句意：上周日，爸爸开车带我们去帮助农民采茶。结合句意和汉语提示可知，pick tea (leaves)“采茶”，动词短语；根据空前“help farmers”可知，此处考查help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式或省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填(to) pick tea (leaves)。 ★动词不定式作目的状语 1.（2025·上海青浦·一模）Jack provided some more evidence in order to his point. (proof) 【答案】prove 【解析】句意：杰克提供了更多的证据来证明他的观点。根据题干句法结构可知，设空处应填动词原形，“in order to do sth.”表示“为了做……”，提示词“proof”表示“证据”，为名词，其动词形式为“prove”表示“证明”。故填prove。 2.（2025·上海长宁·一模）To for leaving so early today, I have brought you a little present.（apology） 【答案】apologize 【解析】句意：为今天这么早离开道歉，我给你带了一份小礼物。根据“To...for leaving so early today, I have brought you a little present.”和单词提示可知，此处表示为了今天早离开道歉，我给你带了一份小礼物。apology“道歉”，名词；to后面接动词原形，构成动词不定式，因此这里应用其动词形式apologize，apologize for“因……道歉”，故填apologize。 3.（2025·上海徐汇·一模）To his point, Paul presented detailed evidence in his presentation. (proof) 【答案】prove 【解析】句意：为了说明他的观点，保罗在他的报告中提出了详细的证据。根据“To … his point”结合提示词可知，此处应用动词，表示为了证明他的观点，prove“证明”，动词，不定式符号to后应用动词原形。故填prove。 4.（2024·江苏南京·二模） (hold) the 9th Asian Winter Games in February 2025 successfully, people in Harbin are busy preparing for them. 【答案】To hold 【解析】句意：为了在2025年2月成功举办第九届亚洲冬季运动会，哈尔滨人民正忙着为之做准备。根据“people in Harbin are busy preparing for them.”可知，哈尔滨人民正忙着做准备，是为了在2025年2月成功举办第九届亚洲冬季运动会，此处应用动词不定式表目的。故填To hold。 5.（2024·上海浦东新·一模）Many countries are working together to the problem of the war between Russia and Ukraine. (solution) 【答案】solve 【解析】句意：许多国家正在共同努力解决俄乌之间的战争问题。这里考查“to+动词原形”构成动词不定式作目的状语的用法。空格处需要一个动词，因为“to”在这里是不定式符号，后接动词原形来表示目的，即许多国家共同努力的目的是解决俄乌战争问题。故填solve。 ★动词不定式作原因状语 1.（2024·安徽·二模）The monitor was happy to g (带领) us across the playground to the dining hall. 【答案】(g)uide 【解析】句意：班长很高兴地带领我们穿过操场到达餐厅。根据所给出的中文提示和首字母可知该空填的是动词guide，不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填(g)uide。 2.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）How proud the parents were (hear) their son had won the first prize! 【答案】to hear 【解析】句意：听到他们的儿子得了第一名，父母是多么自豪啊！hear“听见”，动词。分析题干可知，此处是固定短语be proud to do sth“自豪做某事”，故填to hear。 3.（2023·上海嘉定·一模）In our STEM class, we are delighted to our own experiment. (designer) 【答案】design 【解析】句意：在我们的STEM课上，我们很高兴能设计自己的实验。此处是固定词组，be delighted to do sth“很高兴去做某事”，所以这里填动词原形。故填design。 4.（2023·四川内江·一模）—I’m sorry to d you, Kate. I can’t go to your birthday this weekend. —Oh, what a pity! 【答案】(d)isappoint 【解析】句意：——很抱歉让你失望了，凯特。这个周末我不能去参加你的生日聚会。——哦，真遗憾！根据“I can’t go to your birthday this weekend.”以及首字母可知，不能去对方的生日派对，会让对方失望，此处放在不定式符号to后，使用动词原形disappoint“让某人失望”。故填(d)isappoint。 5．（23-24九年级上·浙江杭州·期末）I’m happy to r such a great gift. Thank you for sending it to me. 【答案】(r)eceive 【解析】句意：我很高兴收到这么好的礼物。谢谢你寄给我。根据“Thank you for sending it to me.”及首字母提示可知，是指“收到”礼物，英语是receive；be happy to do“乐意做”。故填(r)eceive。 ★动词不定式作结果状语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Astronauts should be careful enough (carry) out researches in space. 【答案】to carry 【解析】句意：宇航员在太空进行研究时应该足够小心。形容词+enough+to+动词原形表示“足够……的去做”，结合提示词可知，空处填to carry。故填to carry。 2.（2024·安徽宿州·二模）I’m sorry that I’m too busy to c (比较) the two reports before the meeting. 【答案】(c)ompare 【解析】句意：对不起，我太忙了，不能在会前比较这两份报告。too…to“太……而不能”，后接动词原形；compare“比较”，动词。故填(c)ompare。 3.（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）My Maths teacher is always patient enough to (解释) things to us. 【答案】explain 【解析】句意：我的数学老师总是很有耐心地向我们解释事情。根据所给词可知，此处应是explain“解释”，动词，根据“is always patient enough to”可知此处是形容词+enough to do“足够……去做某事”，故填explain。 4.（2024·四川自贡·一模）Liu Hua's family is too poor to a to send him to school. 【答案】(a)fford 【解析】句意:刘华的家庭太穷，不能供他上学。根据“Liu Hua's family is too poor to a... to send him to school.”可知，家里太穷，负担不起刘华上学，afford“负担得起”，不定式结构中用动词原形。故填(a)fford。 5.（2024·甘肃酒泉·二模）The boy is old enough (dress) himself. 【答案】to dress 【解析】句意:这个男孩已经足够大了，可以自己穿衣服了。此处是结构adj. enough to do sth.“足够..…做某事”，动词不定式作结果状语。故填to dress。 ★动名词作主语 1.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）D a hole is the first step to plant trees. 【答案】(D)igging 【解析】句意：挖坑是种树的第一步。根据“to plant trees.”及所给的首字母提示可知，这里是挖掘，dig意为“挖掘”，由于这里是作主语，要写成动名词的形式，句子开头，首字母大写。故填(D)igging。 2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (share) helps us create meaningful connections with others. 【答案】Sharing 【解析】句意：分享帮助我们与他人建立有意义的联系。share“分享”，在句中作主语，需用其动名词形式。故填Sharing。 3.（2024·四川成都·一模）M time wisely can help us have a much better control of our life. 【答案】(M)anaging 【解析】句意：明智地管理时间可以帮助我们更好地控制我们的生活。根据下文“have a much better control of our life”可知，明智地管理时间可以更好地控制我们的生活。manage作动词，意为“管理”，此处应用动名词作主语，即managing，且位于句首首字母应大写。故填(M)anaging。 4.（2024·四川成都·二模）S homework time from free time is important for students to keep a healthy study-life balance. 【答案】(S)eparating 【解析】句意：将家庭作业时间与空闲时间分开对学生保持健康的学习与生活平衡很重要。根据“S...homework time from free time”可知，此部分在谓语动词is之前作主语，separate...from...“把……和……分开”，动词短语，作主语要用动名词形式。故填(S)eparating。 5.（2023·江苏无锡·一模） (receive) housework education helps students take care of themselves in daily life. 【答案】Receiving 【解析】句意：接受家务教育有助于学生在日常生活中照顾好自己。根据“...(receive) housework education helps students take care of themselves in daily life.”可知，该句缺少主语，此空应是receive的动名词形式receiving。故填Receiving。 ★动名词作宾语 1.（2024·浙江一模）Tony's sister enjoys _________(听) to music and she often goes to concerts. 【答案】listening 【解析】句意:托尼的妹妹喜欢听音乐，她经常去听音乐会。listen“听”，enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，空处需用动名词形式。故填listening。 2.（2024·浙江台州·二模）These songs are not Jack's favorite, so he has great difficulty c_________one song for the school show. 【答案】(c)hoosing 【解析】句意:这些歌曲不是杰克最喜欢的，所以他在为学校演出选一首歌方面很困难。have great difficulty doing sth.“做某事很困难”，所以此空填动名词;根据“one song for the school show"以及首字母可知，choose“选择”符合句意，其动名词形式为choosing，故填(c)hoosing。 3.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）What great contributions he has made to his hometown! (develop) 【答案】developing 【解析】句意：他为家乡的发展做出了多么大的贡献啊！此处是短语make contributions to doing“做出贡献”。故填developing。 4.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）The world-famous engineer is busy (设计) a new type of eco-friendly bicycle. 【答案】designing 【解析】句意：那位世界著名的工程师正在忙着设计一款新型环保自行车。根据汉语提示可知此处应用动词“design”，“be busy doing sth.”表示“忙着做某事”，因此此处动词需变为动名词“designing”。故填designing。 5.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）To get the scholarship, he spends more time than he used to p 1aying basketball.(练习) 【答案】(p)ractising 【解析】句意:为了获得奖学金，他花了比过去更多的时间练习篮球。根据中文和首字母提示，结合横线前“he spends more time than he used to...”可知，practise“练习”，动词，spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填(p)ractising。 ★动名词作表语 1.（2024年甘肃省定西市中考二模）Seeing is __________(believe). 【答案】believing 【解析】句意:眼见为实。这是英语的俗语，意为:眼见为实。主语和表语要一致都用动名词，也可以改为不定式。题干中主语是动名词形式，因此表语要用believe的动名词形式believing。故答案为believing。 2.His hobby is stamps. (collect) 【答案】collecting 【解析】句意：他的爱好是集邮。根据“His hobby is … stamps.”可知，此空作表语，用动名词形式。故填collecting。 3.My hobby is (collect) coins from different countries. 【答案】collecting 【解析】句意：我的爱好是收集不同国家的硬币。collect“收集”，空处用动名词作表语。故填collecting。 4．（24-25九年级上·全国·单元测试）Giving is . We should be kind to others and help others in our life. (receive) 【答案】receiving 【解析】句意：给予就是接受。在我们的生活中，我们应该善待他人，帮助他人。此处主语是动名词，故表语应一致，也为动名词receiving“接受”。故填receiving。 5.My uncle works in a factory, and his work is p newspapers. 【答案】(p)rinting 【解析】句意：我的叔叔在一家工厂工作，他的工作是打印报纸。根据“My uncle works in a factory”及“p... newspapers”可推出在工厂打印报纸，print“打印”，动名词作表语。故填(p)rinting。 ★动名词作定语 1.（2024·云南大理·一模）Children should be taught good habits from an early age. (eat) 【答案】eating 【解析】句意：应该从小就教孩子好的饮食习惯。分析句子可知，空格处需要填定语修饰名词habits。所给词eat是动词，无法做定语，要用其动名词形式eating。eating habits为固定表达，意为“饮食习惯”。故填eating。 2.（23-24九年级上·浙江杭州·期末）—How do you improve your w skills, Jim? —By keeping a diary in English. 【答案】(w)riting 【解析】句意：——你是如何提高写作能力的，吉姆？——用英语写日记。由“By keeping a diary in English”及首字母可知，此处指写作能力，writing skills“写作能力”，固定短语。故填(w)riting。 3.（2022·江苏南京·二模） Every Monday morning, we watch the _______(raise) of the national flag on the playground at school. 【答案】raising 【解析】句意:每周一早上，我们都会在操场上观看升国旗。由于设空处前面有冠词“the”，后有“of the national flag",raise的名词形式“raising”符合，用来修饰“the national flag”。故填raising。 （三）现在分词的用法 ★现在分词作表语 （2022·江苏苏州·一模）The young couple were (考虑) choosing a lager house because of the new baby. 【答案】considering 【解析】句意：由于刚生了小孩，这对年轻夫妇正考虑选择一套更大的房子。根据中文提示，空白处应填入表示“考虑”的英文单词，即consider。根据语境判断，本句时态为过去进行时，动词consider需要变为现在分词形式。故填considering。 ★现在分词作定语 1．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Metro Line S1 (connect) Wuxi to Jiangyin has been in use since January 31, 2024. 【答案】connecting 【解析】句意：连接无锡和江阴的S1地铁线已于2024年1月31日投入使用。此处修饰主语“Metro Line S1”，用动词connect“连接”的现在分词connecting作定语。故填connecting。 2.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）The high-speed railway (连接) Siyang to many cities has been in use for years. 【答案】connecting 【解析】句意：连接泗阳和许多城市的高速铁路已通车多年。“连接”为connect，是动词；分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语动词has been，所以此空应填非谓语动词，主语The high-speed railway与动词connect之间是主动关系，故此空应用现在分词作定语，故填connecting。 3.There is a wallet (躺) on the ground. Is it yours, Andy? 【答案】lying 【解析】句意：地上有一个钱包。是你的吗，安迪？there is sb/sth doing sth“有某人/某物正在做某事”，现在分词作定语，lie“躺”，现在分词是lying，故填lying。 4.（2023·湖南常德·一模）—Look! There’s a man (perform) Taiji near the river. —Wow! It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu. 【答案】performing 【知识点】现在分词作定语 【解析】句意：——看！河边有个人正在打太极。——哇！那是我的老师，吴老师。根据“There’s a man”及“Look”可知此处应用动词perform的现在分词performing来表示正在进行的动作，在句中作定语修饰名词a man。故填performing。 5.（2022·广西河池·三模）Look, there is a wallet (lie) on the ground. Please pick it up. 【答案】lying 【解析】句意：看，地上有一个钱包。请把它捡起来。lie“躺，位于”，动词。根据“there is a wallet...on the ground”可知，句子是there be sth. doing sth.“有某物正在做某事”的句型，空处应填现在分词形式，作定语。故填lying。 ★现在分词作状语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (control) her voice, Jou-chia said, “would you mind not talking so much?” 【答案】Controlling 【解析】句意：柔嘉控制住自己的声音道：“请你少说一句，好不好？”分析句子结构可知，句子的主谓为Jou-chia said，因此空格处应用动词的非谓语结构，动词control与主语Jou-chia为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填Controlling。 2.（2024·江苏南京·三模）Imagine how proud and helpful you can be while (introduce) traditional Chinese culture to your foreign friends in English! 【答案】introducing 【解析】句意：想象一下，当你用英语向外国朋友介绍中国传统文化时，你会感到多么自豪和有帮助！while后面应接动词的现在分词形式，作状语。故填introducing。 3.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, for my favourite songs. (wait) 【答案】waiting 【解析】句意：在我年幼的时候，我会听收音机，等着我最喜欢的歌曲。句中已有谓语动词，且动词wait与主语I为主动关系，因此应用动词wait的现在分词，表伴随状态。故填waiting。 4.（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Earthquake last month in Turkey was a real disaster, thousands of people homeless. (leave) 【答案】leaving 【解析】句意：上个月土耳其发生的地震是一场真正的灾难，使成千上万的人无家可归。此处是指地震导致很多人无家可归，是动作的发出者，用现在分词作状语。故填leaving。 5．（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (control) her voice, Jou-chia said, “would you mind not talking so much?” 【答案】Controlling 【解析】句意：柔嘉控制住自己的声音道：“请你少说一句，好不好？”分析句子结构可知，句子的主谓为Jou-chia said，因此空格处应用动词的非谓语结构，动词control与主语Jou-chia为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填Controlling。 ★现在分词作补足语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）When Millie woke up, she found herself (lie) on the grass in the Central Park. 【答案】lying 【解析】句意：当Millie醒来，她发现她自己躺在中央公园的草地上。根据“found herself”可知，考查find sb. doing sth.“发现某人正在做某事”，lying是lie的现在分词，故填lying。 2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）The dog was last seen (lie) under a bench in the park at around 11 a.m. yesterday. 【答案】lying 【解析】句意：人们最后一次看到这只狗躺在公园的长椅下是在昨天上午11点左右。根据语境可知，此处表示人们最后一次看见这只狗时，它正躺在长椅下，be seen doing sth.意为“被看见正在做某事”，所以空格处应填动词lie的动词-ing形式。故填lying。 3.（2024·四川遂宁·二模）Whenever we see our flag r , we should stand straight. 【答案】(r)aising 【解析】句意：每当我们看到国旗升起时，我们都应该站直。根据首字母和“we should stand straight.”可知是指升国旗，空格处应填raise“升高”，再根据see doing，强调某事正在发生，要使用raise的现在分词形式raising。故填(r)aising。 4.（2024·云南红河·二模）When I walked into my room, I found my cousin my things without permission. （浏览） 【答案】looking through 【解析】句意：当我走进我的房间时，我发现我的表弟未经允许翻我的东西。look through“浏览”，find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，故填looking through。 5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Some children were running after the dog and they didn’t see a car (come). 【答案】coming 【解析】句意：一些孩子在追狗，他们没有看到一辆车开过来。根据“Some children were running after the dog”可知，车子正在开过来，此处应用短语see sb doing sth结构，现在分词作宾语补足语。故填coming。 （四）过去分词的用法 ★过去分词作状语 1.（2024·江苏南京·一模） (compare) to many other cities in China, Nanjing is more attractive to tourists from home and abroad. 【答案】Compared 【解析】句意：与中国许多其他城市相比，南京对国内外游客更具吸引力。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词是is，因此空处用非谓语形式，句子主语Nanjing和动词compare是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语，句首字母大写。故填Compared。 2.（2024·江苏南通·二模） (decide in what way things are similar or different) with their journey, life we live now is much more comfortable. We should cherish it. 【答案】Compared 【解析】句意：与他们的旅程相比，我们现在的生活要舒适得多。我们应该珍惜。根据英文解释和“…with their journey, life we live now is much more comfortable.”可知，此处指将我们现在的生活与他们的旅程相比较。“compare with”表示“与……相比较”，放句首时应用其过去分词形式作状语。故填Compared。 3．（2024·江苏扬州·二模） with traditional cars, electric cars are more environment-friendly. (compare) 【答案】Compared 【解析】句意：与传统汽车相比，电动汽车更环保。动词与主语electric cars之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用动词过去分词。故填Compared。 4．（2024·四川成都·二模）B on the Chinese science fiction novel called Three Body, the TV series tells us the story of human’s changes in the future. 【答案】(B)ased 【解析】句意：这部电视剧根据中国科幻小说《三体》改编，讲述了人类在未来的变化。根据“…on the Chinese science fiction novel called Three Body,”及首字母可知，此处指基于小说《三体》改编的电视剧，base on“基于”，此空应填过去分词作状语，故填(B)ased。 5.（2024·四川成都·三模）B on Chinese science fiction Three Body, the TV series tells us the story of human’s changes in the future. 【答案】(B)ased 【解析】句意：这部电视剧根据中国科幻小说《三体》改编，讲述了人类在未来的变化。根据“Chinese science fiction Three Body”及首字母可知，此处指基于小说《三体》改编的电视剧，base on“基于”，此空应填过去分词作状语，故填(B)ased。 ★过去分词作定语 1.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）This spring, the most eye-catching movie might be YOLO, (执导) by 41-year-old Jia Ling. 【答案】directed 【解析】句意：今年春天，最引人注目的电影可能是由41岁的贾玲执导的《热辣滚烫》。根据“the most eye-catching movie might be YOLO”可知，空格处是非谓语动词，结合“by”，此处应用动词过去分词表示被动，故填directed。 2.（2024·江苏苏州·一模）The time (需要) to finish the task depends on how hard it is and how fast you work. 【答案】needed 【解析】句意：完成任务所需的时间取决于它的难度和你工作的速度。depends是谓语动词，“need”和主语“The time”构成被动关系，所以要填对应的过去分词作后置定语。故填needed. 3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）The badly (pollute) river looks dark and smelly. Something must be done! 【答案】polluted 【解析】句意：这条污染严重的河看起来又黑又臭。必须做点什么！分析句子结构可知，动词pollute“污染”与名词river是被动关系，因此这里应用过去分词polluted作定语修饰名词river。故填polluted。 4.（2023·江苏镇江·一模）—Have you heard the news? —Yes. The school broadcasting station announced that our school had put the money (募集) by them to good use to buy new instruments for kids. 【答案】raised 【解析】句意：——你听到这个消息了吗？——对。学校广播电台宣布，我们学校已经充分利用他们筹集的资金为孩子们购买新乐器。“募集”raise，空前“the money”与动词raise之间是动宾关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填raised。 ★过去分词作补足语 1.（2024·四川成都·三模）The bike is broken so badly that I don’t advise you to get it r . It’s better to buy a new one. 【答案】(r)epaired 【解析】句意：自行车坏的如此严重以至于我不建议你修理它。最好买一个新的。根据前文说车坏的太严重，所以是不建议修理。由首字母可知是repair“修理”，get sth. done是表被动的用法，意为 “使某事被做”。故填(r)epaired。 2.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Your car makes unusual noise. You’d better have it (check) at once. 【答案】checked 【解析】句意：你的车发出不寻常的噪音。你最好马上去检查一下。have sth. done“让……被做”，固定短语。故填checked。 3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Unlucky for me, I forgot to lock my bike and had it (steal) . 【答案】stolen 【解析】句意：对我来说很不幸的是，我忘记给我的自行车上锁，它被偷了。根据“had it”可知宾语it与动词steal存在被动关系，因此此处应用have sth done表示“某物遭遇某事”，steal的过去分词为stolen。故填stolen。 4.（2024·山东日照·二模）Tom found it difficult to make himself (理解). 【答案】understood 【解析】句意：汤姆发现他的意思很难被别人理解。understand“理解”，make sb done“让某人被……”，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填understood。 5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）How can you get your ears (pierce)? 【答案】pierced 【解析】句意：你怎样才能打耳洞呢？get sth. done表示“让某事被做”，本句中表示“打耳洞”，即“让耳朵被打洞”，应该填写pierce的过去分词形式。故填pierced。 ★过去分词作表语 1.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）Lionel Messi is best (know) for winning the World Cup 2022 with his team. 【答案】known 【解析】句意：莱昂内尔·梅西因与他的球队一起赢得2022年世界杯而最为出名。根据语境和提示词汇可知，固定搭配be best known for doing sth表示“因……而最为出名”，空处需填过去分词，known“知道”为动词know的过去分词。故填known。 2.（2022·四川内江·一模）Alice won’t feel l out if you ask her to join you each time. 【答案】(l)eft 【解析】句意：如果你每次都让爱丽丝加入你的行列，她不会感到被冷落。根据“if you ask her to join you each time”及首字母提示可知，这里指不会感到被冷落，leave out意为“忽略”；又结合句意，leave out与句子主语是被动关系，所以用过去分词作表语，leave过去分词为left，故填(l)eft。 （二）语篇填空 1.(2023甘肃中考)You're expected (shake)hands when meeting people for the first time in China. 【答案】to shake 【解析】be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”,是固定搭配，故填to shake。 2.(2023江苏苏州中考节选)The memory of the white walls stayed with me.I kept (imagine)how many shadows(影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. 【答案】imagining 【解析】句意：白墙的记忆一直留在我的脑海中。我一直在想象，它们能收集多少影子，与光线共舞。keep doing sth.“一直做某事”,是固定搭配，故填imagining。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题11 非谓语动词（清单+专练） 目录 ★知识点1非谓语的概念 2 ★知识点2 动词不定式 2 ★知识点3 动名词 8 ★知识点4 分词 10 ★知识点5 中考题型及例题 12 ★专项过关 13 ★知识点1非谓语的概念 动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 ★知识点2 动词不定式 一、动词不定式的构成 1.动词不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形。其否定形式是“not+to+动词原形 ”。 2.有 时 可 以 不 用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。 口诀助记： to后原形是肯定，to 前加not变否定; 可带宾、表、状语等，人称和数都不变; 兼有“形、名、副”性，谓语动词用原形。 二、动词不定式的句法功能 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。句中可以作宾语、 宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语和表语等。 1.动词不定式作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式作主语通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词 用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 It’s important to have good habits. 养成好习惯很重要的。 (2)it作形式主语, 动词不定式作主语的常见句型 句型 例句 It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……/某人做某事是……的。 It was hard for him to learn English well. =To learn English well was hard for him. 对他来说学好英语太难了。 It is/was+adj.+to do sth. 做某事是……的。 It's not easy to pass the exam. (=To pass the exam is not easy.) 通过考试不容易。 It is/was+n .+to do sth. 做某事是…… It is my pleasure to help you. 帮助你是我的荣幸。 it takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. 某人花多长时间做某事 It took me three hours to repair the TV set. 我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。 注意： 1.有些动词(advise, ask,show,teach,tell等),其后可以接双宾语。 2.有些疑问词(组) (what,which,whose,how many,how much等),其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 3.在“疑问词+不定式”结构前，有时也可以是形容词(sure,clear等)。 4.所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。 2.动词不定式作宾语 (1)动词不定式作宾语的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式作及物动词的宾语。动词不定式作宾语且有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语 (动词不定式)后置。 I forgot to bring the key to my house. 我忘记带家里的钥匙了。 动词不定式作介词的宾语，不定式一般不直接作介词的宾语，而是需要与疑问词构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。 They are talking about how to solve the problem. 他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。 (2)常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语) refuse 拒绝 decide 决定 would like 想要 like 喜欢 want 想要 plan 计划 offer 提供 wish 希望 pretend 假装 hope 希望 forget 忘记 learn 学习 agree 同意 need 需要 expect 期望 promise 承诺 afford 承担得起 manage 完成 try 努力 help 帮助 start 开始 begin 开始 prepare 准备 choose 选择 助记口诀： 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词 需要拒绝莫忘记，(need、refuse、forget) 想要学习就努力，(want、learn、try) 希望帮助并同意，(hope/wish、help、agree) 喜欢决定后开始。(like、decide、begin) 3.动词不定式作宾语补足语 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法 用法 例句 多数及物动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语(动词+宾语+动词不定式)。 My mother asks me to eat fruit every day. 我妈妈让我每天都吃水果。 (2)常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 allow允许 order命令 teach教 warn警告 ask要求 decide决定 tell告诉 encourage鼓励 invite邀请 want想要 advise建议 expect期望 wish希望 force强迫 would like想要 4.动词不定式作状语的用法 用法 例句 作目的状语(表示某一动作或状态的目的)。既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。表示“为了……，以便……”。 Tom trained hard to improve his basketball skills. =To improve his basketball skills, Tom trained hard. 汤姆刻苦训练以便提高自己的篮球技能。 作结果状语，常用的结构有so...as to do sth.(如此 ……以至于做某事)、enough to do sth.(足够……能够做某事)、too...to do sth.(太……而不能做某事)、only to do(不料，竟然)。 He isn't strong enough to lift the box. 他不够强壮，提不起这个箱子。 作原因状语，通常用于sorry,surprised,glad等表示情感的形容词后，常用的结构有be glad/sad /happy/sorry /pleased /surprised/ disappointed/delighted/shocked to do sth.。 I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 知识拓展： 作结果状语，有的结构可以同义转换： 1.too...to do sth...结构还可以转换为“so...that +主语+ can't/ couldn't do sth.”句型。 He was too clever to make such stupid mistakes. →He was so clever that he couldn't make such stupid mistakes. 他太聪明了,不会犯这么愚蠢的错误。 2...enough to do sth.结构也可以转换为“so...that+主语+can/could do sth.”句型。 The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. →The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. 这个女孩太高了，她能够到树上的苹果。 口诀助记： 不定式，用作状 “目的”、“结果”两最忙; “形表”之后也出现，表示“原因”记心上。 5.动词不定式作定语 用法 示例 动词不定式作定语时(一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后), 相当于定语从句。常见的能跟动词不定式作定语的名词有ability、attempt、chance、decision、effort、need、plan、time等 。 It was a difficult decision to make. 这是个很难作出的决定。 如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。 I want some paper to write on . 我想要一些写字的纸。 当动词不定式所修饰的名词是time、place或way时，动词不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。 The library is a good place to study. 图书馆是一个学习的好地方。 (动宾关系：live不及物加介词in) 动词不定式常放在something、anything、nothing等复合不定代词的后面，作后置定语。如果复合不定代词还有形容词修饰，顺序是“something/anything/nothing...+形容词+动词不定式”。 Do you have anything important to say? 你有什么重要的话要说吗？ 知识拓展： 动词不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可表示某一过去的特定动作。 6.动词不定式作表语 用法 例句 动词不定式可跟在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。 Her ambition was to be a teacher. 她的志向是当一名老师。 动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。 My dream is to be a famous pianist. =To be a famous pianist is my dream. 我的梦想是成为一名著名的钢琴家。 7. 动词不定式作独立成分 (1)动词不定式作独立成分的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式还可用作独立成分，用于表示说话人的观点或态度。常用的动词不定式短语有:to be honest老实说；to begin/start with首先；to tell (you) the truth说实话。 To be honest,we don;t like him very much. 老实说，我们不太喜欢他。 (2)常见的作独立成分的动词不定式 to be honest 老实说 to tell you the truth 说实话 to begin/start with 首先 to be frank 坦白说 to speak frankly 坦诚地说 to conclude 最后；总而言之 三、“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构 疑问代词who、whom、what、which和疑问副词when、how、where放在动词不定式前，构成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，该结构在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 What to do is an important question. 要做什么是一个重要的问题。 I can't decide who/whom to invite. 我决定不了邀请谁。 The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 注意：该句型可与宾语从句互换。例如： Can you tell me where to buy the scarf ? = Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf ? 你能告诉我在哪里买围巾吗? 四、动词不定式的特殊用法 用法 例句 too...to... 太……而不能…… The girl is too young to look after herself. 那个女孩太小而不能照顾他自己。 Why don't you +动词原形?=Why not +不带to的不定式? 为什么不……呢? Why don't you get her a photo album? = Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢? ...enough to... 足够……可以…… Tom is old enough to go to school. 汤姆足够大了,可以去上学了。 had better ( not)+不带to的不定式 最好(不要)做某事 You'd better do your homework carefully today. 你今天最好认真做作业。 Will you please+不带to的不定式? 请……好吗? Will you please close the door? 请把门关上好吗? prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事也不做某事 I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping. 我宁愿待在家里也不去购物。 五、动词不定式符号to的省略 用法 例句 在感官动词(see, feel, hear, watch, notice等)及使役动词(have, make)作宾语补足语时，后接不带to的动词不定式，但被动语态中，需要还原to。 I see him read in the library. (主动语态) He is seen to read in the library. 我看见他在图书馆看书。(被动语态) why (not)...后省略to的情况。 Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师? 在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的动词不定式可以省略to。 I helped him (to) repair his bike. 我帮他修自行车。 but、except之前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后通常省略动词不定式符号 to,否则要带to。 I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。 He could do nothing but study hard. 他除了好好学习以外别无他法。 在并列结构中，为了避免重复，可省略后一个动词不定式符号to。但两个动词不定式有对照或对比的意义时，后一个to 不能省略。 I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责骂你，而是赞扬你。 She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back. 她叫孩子待在那里，等她回来。 主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式可省略to。 The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 What I'll do is (to) tell her the truth.我要做的就是告诉她真相。 ★知识点3 动名词 1.动名词的构成 基本形式为“动词原形+-ing”;其否定形式“not+动名词”。 2.动名词的句法功能 成分 用法 例句 作主语 动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作，有时也用it作形式主语，而把动名词后置。动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。 Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。 宾语 动名词既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 I like listening to English songs. 我喜欢听英文歌。(动词宾语) Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。 动名词作宾语时，若后接宾语补足语，常用形式宾语it。 Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter. 莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。 作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is planting flowers. =Planting flowers is his hobby.他的业余爱好是种花。 作定语 说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于被修饰词之前。 I plan to watch English TV programs every weekend in order to improve my listening skills. 为了提高我的听力技能，我计划每个周末看英语电视节目。 易错点： 不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换，但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作，强调动作本身；动名词作主语所表示的动作比较抽象，时间概念不强调事情本身；有时也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。 3.后接动名词作宾语的常考动词 avoid避免 consider考虑 mind介意 finish完成 imagine想象 suggest建议 enjoy喜欢 keep坚持 practice练习 4.后接动名词作宾语的常考短语/句型 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 thank you for doing sth.感谢你做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事 be interested in doing sth.你对做某事很感兴趣 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 have+(no)problem/difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.做某事(没)有困难 can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 记忆口诀： 完成练习值得忙， (finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 继续习惯可放弃；(keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想，(consider/suggest/can't help,feel like) 喜欢错过要介意。(enjoy,miss,mind) 5. 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 sth.need doing 某事需要被做 need to do sth.需要去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue doing sth.继续做同一件事 continue to do sth.继续做另一件事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事 ★知识点4 分词 一、分词的构成与分类 1.分词的构成 分词包括现在分词(动词原形+-ing)和过去分词(动词原形+-ed);其否定形式为“not+分词”。 2.分词的分类 分词包括现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ -ing”构成；过去分词由“动词原形+-ed”构成，其否定形式为“not+分词”。但也有不规则的形式 。 二、分词的句法功能 成分 用法 例句 作定语 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。 Do you know the girl standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗? He bought a car made in China. 他买了一辆中国制造的汽车。 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。 The film is very moving. 这部电影很感人。 作状语 分词作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。 The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 作宾语补足语 现在分词可以在see,hear,notice, watch, feel, look at,listen to,observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词(短语)后面，作宾语补足语，表示与被补足的宾语或主语之间是主动关系。 Brown sat up when he heard someone knocking on his door. 布朗听到有人敲他的门就坐了起来。 过去分词作补语，与被补充说明的宾语或主语之间是被动关系。 Don't keep us waiting for a long time. 不要让我们等得太久。 易错点： 现在分词与过去分词的区别： ①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。 如：a moving film一场感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 ②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。例如： developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 知识拓展: We heard the song sung by him. 我们听见这首歌被他唱过。 (过去分词sung作宾补，表示被动和完成) 三、形容词化的动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式 动词的-ing形式 动词的-ed形式 moving令人感动的 moved感动的 encouraging鼓舞人心的 encouraged受鼓舞的 puzzling 令人迷惑的 puzzled 迷惑的 pleasing令人高兴/满意的 pleased高兴的，满意的 satisfying令人满意的 satisfied满意的 tiring令人困倦的 tired疲劳的 exciting令人兴奋的 excited兴奋的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 satisfying 令人满意的 surprised 吃惊的 总结： 形容词化的动词的-ing形式意为“令人……的”, 多修饰事物；形容词化的动词的-ed形式含有被动意味，多用于描述人的感觉或情绪等，表示“感到……的”。 ★知识点5 中考题型及例题 一、考点 1 非谓语动词的用法 考查题型1 选择类(单项选择、完形填空) 例题1 The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree _______ it. A. sell B. sells C. sold D. to sell 【答案】D 【解析】句意:这幅油画对他来说真的很珍贵。他永远不会同意卖掉它。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选D。 例题2——Safety comes first!Everyone should stop the kids from _______ in the lake or river. ——Life is valuable. Kids must remember _______the school rules. A. swim;to follow B. swimming; following C. swim; following D. swimming; to follow 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——安全第一！每个人都应该阻止孩子们去湖里或者河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。考查固定用法。孩子们必须记得遵守校规。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，swimming in the lake or river为动名词作宾语；remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”。故选D。 例题3(2023陕西中考改编)When I first lost my hearing,I was sad that I could never again hear my mother sing. But now I put my ear to her chest the vibrations (震动) of her voice. Now,I feel music instead of hearing it. A.feel B.to feel C.hear D.to hear 【答案】B 【解析】根据下文的“Now,I feel music instead of hearing it.”可以判断用feel; 结合语境可知，此处指“我把耳朵贴在她的胸口来感受她声音的震动”, 所以应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 二、考查题型2 填空类(单句填空、语篇填空) 例题4 This long-time hobby has also allowed him ___________(express) himself through art. 【答案】to express 【解析】句意:这个长期的爱好也让他能够通过艺术来表达他自己。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to express。 例题5 (词汇应用节选)Chen Gang likes __________(爬)mountains. He has been to the Qinghai-Tibet Pateau many times over the past nine years. Although he meets lots of difficulties, he never thinks of giving up. 【答案】climbing 【解析】句意:陈刚喜欢爬山。climb“爬"；like doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，侧重表达通常喜欢做的事。故填climbing。 一、考查题型1选择类(单项选择、完形填空)的解题方法： 1.判断固定搭配： 根据非谓语动词的固定搭配，结合语境、观察选项，判断出正确答案。 2.分析句子结构: 当题型考查动词不定式作目的状语，可以使用分析句子结构的方法，结合语境判断空处在句子中所作的成分，再结合语境选出正确选项。 二、考查题型2填空类(单句填空、语篇填空)的解题方法： 首先，阅读题干，观察题目是否已给出动词。题目如果已给出动词，应根据非谓语动词的用法来填出所给动词的适当形式。题目如果没有给出动词，那就要根据语境判断出应填写的动词。 ★专项过关 考查题型1 选择类(单项选择、完形填空) 一、单项选择 (一)动词不定式的用法 ★动词不定式作主语 1.（2025·上海松江·一模）Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them? A．try B．to try C．trying D．tried 2.（2025·上海徐汇·一模）It is getting more difficult ________ tickets for some popular singers’ concerts. A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought 3.（2024·上海杨浦·二模）It's a custom for the Chinese __________a gift for friends when visiting them. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought 4.（2024·山东滨州·一模）It's really important _____and give love and joy to people around us. A. sharing B. share C. to share D.shares 5.（2024·云南昆明·三模）It's polite _____“thank you" very often, even to family members. A. say B. to say C. saying D.said ★动词不定式作宾语 1.（2025·上海崇明·一模）When Ted was about to open his office door, he realized he had forgotten ________ his key. A．bring B．brought C．to bring D．bringing 2.（2025·上海普陀·一模）With only a few minutes left, they managed ________ the game around. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．turned 3.（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Many people failed ________ home in time for New Year’s Eve dinner because of the heavy snow. A．arrive B．arriving C．to arrive D．to arriving 4.（2024·上海宝山·二模）Michael expected ________ the basketball match so he trained hard day and night. A．to win B．winning C．win D．won 5.（2024·广东汕头·二模）—What did the doctor tell him to do after the operation? —He was advised ________ light food for the next few days. A．to have B．not to have C．having D．not having ★不定式作表语 1.（2024·福建泉州·二模）—Have you heard of the YAU Mathematical Sciences Leaders Program? —Of course. Its aim is ______ top math talents in China. A．training B．to train C．trained 2.（2024·福建南平·二模）—It’s important to keep ahead on safety. —Well. My advice is ________ some basic first-aid knowledge. A．knows B．knew C．to know 3.（2024·福建福州·一模）——I don't sleep well and feel anxious these days. ——Well, my advice is_______the cause first. A. finds B. found C. to find 4.（2023·上海嘉定·一模）A detective's job is _______the innocent as well as find the guilty. A.protect B. protects C. protected D. to protect 5.（2022·江苏南京·二模）In order to make an article organized, the first step is _____a chart. A. make B. made C. to make D. to be made ★不定式作定语 1.（2025·上海嘉定·一模）If you are a fan of trains, the National Railway Museum is a great place . A．to visit B．visit C．visiting D．to visiting 2.（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m so hungry. I need something _______. A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．eaten 3.（2024·上海松江·一模）Mr Li made a promise _________ to a bigger flat as soon as he changed the job. A．move B．to move C．moving D．moved 4.（2024·广西梧州·一模）It is really a nice place ________ for us. A．to visit B．visit C．visiting 5.（2024·福建三明·二模）Live-streaming (网络直播) offers farmers chances __________ fruit and vegetables across the country. A．sell B．selling C．to sell ★动词不定式作主语补足语 1.（2023·江苏淮安·一模）The willow catkins(柳絮) are often seen ________ in Huaian in May. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 2.（2023·浙江·模拟预测）The naughty boys were made ________ their maths homework the next day. A．handing up B．hand out C．to hand in D．to handing off 3.（2023·上海杨浦·一模）All staff are advised ________ their own lunch boxes because the canteen was burnt. A．bring B．bringing C．to bring D．brought 4.（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork. A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．brought 5.（2023·四川自贡·中考真题）—Mike, we are told not ________ the phone while crossing the street. —I am sorry. I won’t do it again. A．answering B．to answer C．answer ★动词不定式作宾语补足语 1.（2025·上海杨浦·一模）The police reminded the public__________out for pickpockets in crowded areas. A. look B. looked C.to look D.looking 2.（2025·上海宝山·一模）Reading brings me a lot of fun and enables me__________the world deeply. A. understand B. to understand C.understood D. understanding 3.（2025·上海普陀一模）Our English teacher always encourages us__________questions in his class. A. ask B. asking C. to ask D.asked 4.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Our school often advises us ________ close to nature and enjoy its beauty. A．get B．getting C．gets D．to get 5.（2024·上海金山·二模）Last December, China allowed Malaysian tourists________ the country for 15 days without a visa. (签证) A．enter B．to enter C．enters D．entered ★动词不定式作目的状语 1.（2025·上海虹口一模）The Italian organizations have made a plan________ more tourists to the landmarks. A.attract C.attracting B. to attract D. attracted 2.（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 3．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 4.（2024·江苏南京·三模）The ORBIS doctors did everything ________ the girl with eye problems. A．save B．saved C．to save D．saving 5.（2024·江苏连云港·三模）________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as his second course. A．Learning B．Learned C．To learn D．Learn ★动词不定式作原因状语 1.Laura lost her wallet and she was afraid_______her parents about it. A.tell B. to tell C. telling D.told 2.The children were so happy to_______ some birds' eggs in the forest. A. invent B.discover C.inventing D.discovering ★动词不定式作结果状语 1.（2024·福建厦门·二模）Knowing that they have raised enough money for the children’s home, he was too excited ________ a word. A．say B．saying C．to say 2.（2024·西藏日喀则一模）The little girl is ________ young ________ go to school. A.to; too B. so;that C. so;to D. too; to 3.（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Your new job sounds ____to be true-interesting work, high pay, short hours. Are you sure it's not a dream? A.too good B. good enough C. too real D.real enough 4.（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）The charity organization has made a promise ________5 million trees in this area by 2025. A.plant B.to plant C. planting D.planted 5.（22-23九年级上·湖南益阳·期末）——Do you mind action movies like Spider-Man when you are too tired _________? ——No, of course not. A. think B. to think C.thinking 二、动词不定式作宾语不定式主动表被动 （2024·陕西西安·三模）—Hello, Tom. Wet umbrellas are not allowed ________ into our classroom according to the rules. —Sorry, Mr. Li. I ________. A．to be taken; won’t B．to be taken; will C．to take; won’t D．to take; will (二)动名词的用法 ★动名词作主语 1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）________ chores helps ________ develop children’s independence. A．Did; to B．Do; / C．Doing; to D．Do; to 2.（2024·吉林松原·二模）Volunteering ________ the world warmer. Even small things can make a big difference. A．makes B．make C．made 3.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）——What do you like doing in your free time? ——Reading, of course. ________ makes a full man. I especially like the books by Lu Xun. A．Reading B．Read C．Reads 4.（2023年重庆市第二外国语学校中考一模）________ can help us learn________ about the world. A.Reading: a lot of B. Read; lots of C. Read; a lot D. Reading; a lot 5.（2023·广西柳州·二模）——Jim, do you often shop online? ——Seldom. I think ________ over the Internet isn’t always safe. A．paying B．pays C．pay ★动名词作宾语 1.（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 2.（2025·上海虹口·一模）Grandpa remembered ________ the key on the table, but he couldn’t find it there. A．leave B．to leave C．leaving D．left 3.（2025·上海长宁·一模）I imagined ________ the problem easily, but it turned out to be much harder. A．solve B．solving C．to solve D．solved 4.（2025·上海青浦·一模）For a great performance, the boys spent the whole day ________ their instruments. A．practising B．to practise C．practised D．practise 5.（2025·上海杨浦·一模）She stopped ________ when she realized the teacher was not joking. A．laugh B．laughed C．to laugh D．laughing ★动名词作表语 1.My biggest challenge is ________ English more fluently. A．to learn speaks B．learning say C．learn to say D．learning to speak 2．His hobbies are ________ books and ________ to music. A．to read, to listen B．reading, to listen C．reading, listening D．listen, read 3．My problem is ________ friends. A．to have no closely B．having no close C．to have no closed D．having no closed 4．My biggest challenge is ________ English more fluently (流利地). A．to learn speaks B．learning to say C．learn to say D．learning to speak ★动名词作定语 1.（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 2.（23-24九年级上·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）His ________ English is poor, so he must improve his ________ skills. A．speaking; spoken B．spoken; speaking C．speaking; speaking 3．My Chinese is poor all the time. How can I improve my ________ skills? A．speak B．speaking C．spoken 4．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）The students and their teacher ________ eagerly looking forward to ________ Spring Festival. A．is; come B．are; coming C．are; the coming 5. Could you please tell me ________ improve my ________ ability? A．how to; read B．how to; reading C．what to; reading D．what to; read （三）现在分词的用法 ★现在分词作表语 1.My hobby is ________ chess. I also enjoy ________ stamps. A．play; collecting B．to play; collect C．playing; to collect D．playing; collecting 2.It’s often ________ here in summer. Look! It’s raining. A．sunny B．raining C．windy D．cloudy 3.The book he _______ on the table is still _______ there. A．lay, lying B．laid, laying C．lied, lying D．laid, lying 4.Never lose _______ heart when _______ any difficulties. A．/；facing B．the；facing C．a；faced D．/；faced 5.I’m not _______. I have a fever . A．feel well B．feeling good C．feeling well D．feel good ★现在分词作定语 1.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Are there many students ________ about the Mid-term Star Awards after class? —Yes, of course. A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked 2.（2024·四川成都·一模）—Who is the man ________? —Oh, he is Mr. Green, an English teacher. A．talked with Mary B．talks with Mary C．talking with Mary 3.（2024·河北·一模）There must be many people ________ at the bus station now. A．waited B．to wait C．waiting D．wait 4.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）There are only ten minutes ________. A．remained B．remaining C．remains D．being remained 5.（2024·甘肃武威·二模）There is a car________ outside. A．waiting B．wait C．to wait D．to waiting ★现在分词作状语 1.（2024·江苏南通·二模）The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there look more beautiful. A．making B．to make C．and make D．and making 2.（2024·四川成都·三模）My sister won the competition last weekend and got high praise from my parents, __________ an example for me. A．to set B．setting C．set 3.（2024·甘肃武威·二模）He hurried home, _________behind as he went. A．looking B．looked C．being look D．was looking 4．（2023·江苏南京·三模）China launched the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship several days ago, ________ three astronauts to its space station combination for a five-month mission. A．to send B．sent C．sending D．have sent 5.（2023·江苏南京·一模）So far, there are 13 wetland cities in China, ________ a great variety of city styles. A．show B．showing C．to show D．have shown ★现在分词作补足语 1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）When I was walking past his room, I hear him ________ piano. A．playing B．to play C．to play the D．playing the 2.（2024·海南·一模）People got very excited when they watched Ms. Smith ________ at the party. A．danced B．dancing C．to dance 3.（2023·江苏镇江·二模）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________. —Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes is enough. A．washing B．to wash C．washed D．wash 4.（2023·上海长宁·二模）I’m sorry I have kept you ________ for such a long time. The traffic was terrible. A．waiting B．wait C．waited D．to wait 5.（2023·上海奉贤·一模）When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机) ________ over my head. A．flies B．flying C．flew D．fly 6.（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—I tried to make Kate _______ her school project carefully but I found it difficult. —Well, I saw you ________ that when I went past. A．did; do B．do; doing C．done; to do D．does; doing ★过去分词作状语 1．（2024·江苏常州·一模）________ “the Dragon Year”, the name “Loong Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese. A．Compare with B．To compare with C．Compared with D．Comparing with 2.（2024年江苏省宿迁市宿豫区中考一模）——What's the advantage of this new type of spacecraft? ——_______current (现有)spacecrafts, the new ones would travel much faster. A.Compared with B. Comparing with C. To compare with D. Compare with 3.（2023·江苏镇江·一模）________ with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, making them cheaper to operate. A．Compared B．To compare C．Comparing D．Compare 4.（2023·四川成都·一模）With the smoke alarm ________ outside the bedroom, the Greens were woken up in time to stop the terrible fire. A．placed B．placing C．to place 5.（2022·江苏徐州·模拟预测）My hometown used to be a small place ________ with ________ it is now. A．compared; how B．compared; what C．comparing; what D．comparing; how ★过去分词作定语 1.（2024·江苏南京·一模）An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT ________ by Open AI is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history. A．decided B．divided C．developed D．discovered 2.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Be quick! There is little time ________ before the film starts. —OK. Let’s go now. A．leaving B．to leave C．leaves D．left 3.（2024·湖南怀化·一模）Nowadays, people can get more information about the goods through the QR code (二维码) ________ on the card. A．is printed B．printed C．that printed 4．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented ★过去分词作补足语 1.（24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）——Recently I can't see things clearly.How I regret _mobile games long! ——I think you should get your eyes ________first. A.playing;checked B.playing; to check C. to play; checked D. to play; checking 2.（2024·河北衡水·三模）—Do you have any difficulty in ________ English? —Yes, but I try to make myself ________. A．speaking, understood B．to speak, understood C．speaking, understand D．to speak, to understand 3.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Tomorrow is Monday, so you must get your homework _________ today. A．done B．to do C．does D．do 4.（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The career he devoted himself to ________ him ________ by people all over the world. A．made; remembered B．making; remember C．making; was remembered D．made; to remember 5.（2023·四川成都·二模）—Dad, the computer doesn’t work. —Don’t worry. I’ll get it ________ tomorrow. A．to repair B．repaired C．repairing ★独立主格结构 1. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents sitting together joking. A．their B．whose C．which D．that 2．________ start with, I want to tell you an important thing. A．To B．Of C．From D．About 3．________, it’s really hard to say goodbye to parents when leaving homes. A．To be honest B．To being honest C．To be honestly 考查题型2 填空类(单句填空、语篇填空) 一、完成句子 （一）动词不定式的用法 ★动词不定式作主语 1.（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）你认为与同学友好相处容易吗? Do you think your classmates? 2.（2024·江苏常州·二模）对学生们来说不熬夜是多么有必要啊！ How ! 3.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）关注青少年的心理健康很有必要。 It’s necessary to teenagers’ mental health. 4.（2024·江苏常州·一模）对我们来说，要对这些孩子产生巨大的影响是多么困难啊！ How the children! 5.（2024·上海虹口·二模）wisely, manage money, it is, to learn, important, how to, (连词成句) . 6.（2023·广东广州·二模）学习英语很有必要。通过学习英语，我们能更好地推广我们的文化。 learn English. We can promote our culture in a better way by learning English. ★动词不定式作宾语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）我们必须学会防范任何可能的危险来提升自身的信息安全。 We must learn to to improve our own information security. 2.（2024·江苏常州·一模）当时警察们别无选择，只能强行闯入这座房子。 The police at that time. 3.（2024·江苏常州·一模）电梯需要每三个月检查一次以便使它们正常工作。 Elevators need . 4.（2024·广东广州·二模）许多学生想知道为什么他们需要参加关于压力的讲座。 Many students may wonder attend the lecture on pressure. 5.（2024·上海嘉定·一模）Children can learn about responsibilities from keeping animals as pets. （保持句意不变） 6. Children can learn to from keeping animals as pets. ★动词不定式作表语 1.（2024·江苏常州·一模）本次活动的目的是教会学生在日常生活中如何节能。 The purpose of the activity . 2.（23-24九年级上·甘肃陇南·期末）我的职责就是照看动物园里的这些动物。 My duty is to the animals in the zoo. 3.（2022·江苏常州·二模）这个活动的目的是帮助更多的消费者了解这个产品的质量。 The purpose of the activity . 4.（2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测）成功的第一步是了解你的目标并追逐它们。 The first step of success is to know your goals and them. 5.我的愿望就是轻而易举地赢得比赛。 My wish is the match . ★动词不定式作定语 1.（2025·上海长宁·一模）You should choose James if you need a good secretary.（保持句意基本不变） If you need a good secretary, James is the right person . 2.（2024·上海奉贤·二模）has made, Susan, further, in Canada, her studies, to, a decision (连词成句) . 3.（2024·河北承德·二模）is, it, to, to, go, time, sleep . 4.（2024·河北邢台·三模）places, are, so many, of, to, there, go, interest . 5.（2023·重庆·中考真题）加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。（完成译句） Joining a club is a good way to . ★动词不定式作主语补足语 1.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）最新规定，学生和老师不再要求在校戴口罩。 According to the latest regulations, students and teachers masks at school. 2.（23-24九年级上·山东菏泽·期末）应该允许16岁的孩子穿耳洞吗？ Should sixteen year olds be to their ears pierced? 3.（22-23九年级上·河北张家口·期末）heard, he, sing, in, was, the,room, to . 4.（22-23九年级上·陕西宝鸡·期末）实验室里任何人都不允许制造噪音。 Nobody is allowed in the laboratory. 5.（22-23九年级上·山东枣庄·期末）青少年不应该被允许和老师顶嘴。 Teenagers are not allowed to to their teachers. ★动词不定式作宾语补足语 1.（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）老师经常鼓励学生们相互紧密合作。 The teacher often each other. 2.（2024·江苏常州·二模）妈妈常告诉我，既不要炫耀也不要失去自信。 Mum often tells me . 3.（2024·广东广州·二模）学校教会我们如何为面对真实世界做好准备，成为更好的自己。 The school teaches us    for the real world and helps us become better selves. 4.（2024·广东广州·二模）兴趣与欢笑能帮助学生远离苦恼。 Hobbies and laughter can help the students worries. 5.（2024·上海崇明·二模）enables, to know more, the Internet, about the world, people (连词成句) . 6.（2024·广东广州·一模）幸运的是，她的寄宿家庭设法帮助她适应了这里的生活。 Luckily, her host family managed to help her here. ★动词不定式作目的状语 1.（2024·江苏常州·二模）当时人们别无选择，只能依靠大自然来生存。 People at that time. 2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）作为上司，要与他人融洽相处，理应懂得尊重。 , the boss is supposed to show respect. 3.（2024·上海青浦·二模）used to, Tom’s family, his growth, to record, take pictures (连词成句) . 4.（2023·广东广州·二模）为了鼓励同学们学习英语，学校准备举办英语周。 students to learn English, the school plans to hold an English Week. 5.（2024·天津武清·三模）为了很快进入比赛状态，我们都提早到达场地去热身。 In order to get into the game quickly, we all arrived at the field early to . ★动词不定式作原因状语 1.（2024·安徽·二模）The monitor was happy to g________(带领)us across the playground to the dining hall. 2.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）How proud the parents were________(hear) their son had won the first prize! 3.（23-24九年级上·江苏南通·期中）He saved his neighbor from a fire. He was brave. (合并为一句) He his neighbor from a fire. 4.（23-24九年级上·河北保定·期末）to slip and fall, not, but, be careful . 5．老师非常高兴地宣读这次摄影比赛的获胜者。 The teacher is more than happy to the winners of the photo competition. ★动词不定式作结果状语 1.（2024·重庆九龙坡·二模）他太年轻了，不能自己开车。(完成译句) He is young drive by himself. 2.（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）活到老，学到老。 It is never old learn. 3.（2023·江苏常州·一模）这个工程师足够聪明，能清晰地表达自己。 The engineer is . 4.（2023·江苏淮安·二模）票价很低了，因为我太忙于家务而不能买票，请你给我买两张吧。 The is very low. Please buy me two because I am with housework to do that. 5.（2023·上海嘉定·二模）Jodie is so independent. She makes decisions on her own. (合并为一句) Jodie is independent make decisions on her own. 6.（2023·广东广州·二模）去年，他太紧张了，没进入半决赛。 Last year, he enter the semi-final. （二）动名词的用法 ★动名词作主语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）和同龄孩子融洽相处让我们的校园生活丰富多彩。 makes our school life colourful. 2.（2024·江苏常州·一模）复习所学过的知识使我们总是在学习上处于领先地位。 Going in our study. 3.（2024·江苏无锡·三模）与人友好相处使你更容易融入新的集体。 for you to fit into a new group. 4.（2024·天津和平·二模）说话的时候，用手指着别人是不礼貌的。 others while talking is not polite. 5.（2024·贵州贵阳·二模）网上交友对中学生来说是不安全的。 on the Internet is not safe for middle school students. ★动名词作宾语 1.（2024·上海奉贤·一模）spend, the beauty of Sichuan, a week, discovering, Mary, decided to （连词成句） . 2.（2024·广东广州·二模）她期待来中国体验文化习俗。 She Chinese culture and customs. 3.（2024·广东广州·二模）我一直坚持看更多的电影，渐渐地我取得了进步。 I more movies and gradually . 4.（2024·江苏常州·二模）我们要学会照顾自己，而不是一直依赖父母。 We should learn to look after ourselves all the time. 5.（2024·河北石家庄·二模）music, listening to, like, I . ★动名词作表语 1.（2023·贵州黔南·一模）我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上表现得体。 My biggest challenge how to behave at the dinner table. 2.（2022·湖北随州·一模）我最大的挑战是学习餐桌礼仪。 My challenge is how to behave at the dinner table. 3.从她身上我体会到打败困难的唯一方式是不断努力而不是抱怨。 From her I learned the only way to instead of complaining. 4.我的爱好是收集硬币。 My hobby the coins. ★动名词作定语 1.悉尼歌剧院像一艘巨大的帆船。 The Sydney Opera House is like a huge . 2.the fish, of, frightens, banging the water, underwater, the noise (连词成句) . ★现在分词作表语 这个消息令人兴奋,我们整个晚上都非常兴奋。 The news was______ and we were ______ the whole night. ★现在分词作定语 1.（23-24九年级上·甘肃武威·期末）There are some children who are having fun. (改为同义句) There are some children . 2.（2023·重庆沙坪坝·三模）看！有人正在校门口等你呢。（完成译句） Look! There someone for you at the school gate. 3.一个路过的人问我邮局怎么走。 Somebody asked me the post office. 4.你想询问照片里那个弹吉他的男孩是谁。     Who’s ? 5.我的妻子认为那可能是一只动物，但我和我的朋友们认为那一定是一些青少年在玩耍。 My wife thinks that it an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers . ★现在分词作状语 1.（2024·山东烟台·二模）回顾2020年的春天，许多难忘的记忆将永远留在我们心中。 to the spring of 2020, quite a lot of unforgettable memories will live in our heart. 2.我们通常只在城镇中心四处走动，尽可能多见一些朋友! We often just walk around the town center, many of our friends ！ 3.（2023·新疆·中考真题）使用公筷夹菜是一种良好的餐桌礼仪。 It is good manners to pick up food serving chopsticks. 4.虽然有些人坚持只看一种类型的电影，而我喜欢根据那天的心情看不同类型的电影。 While some people only one kind of movie, I like to watch different kinds I feel that day. 5.（2022·陕西宝鸡·模拟预测）作为一名学生，我会做我能做的任何事情来保护环境。 ，I will do whatever I can to protect the environment. 6.我们一直向对方扔雪球，叫着，笑着。 We kept , . ★现在分词作补足语 1.（2023·江苏淮安·三模）成千上万的物资每天被捐往灾区，以防止物资耗尽。 Thousands of goods to the disaster area to prevent goods every day. 2.（2023·四川达州·二模）快点儿！不要让妈妈一直在外面等我们。（完成译句） Hurry up! Don’t keep mum      us outside. 3.（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）当我走出厨房的时候，听见有人敲门。 When I got out of the kitchen, I heard someone the door. 4.（2023·重庆沙坪坝·二模）今天早上当我醒来看向窗外时，我看见太阳正在天空中闪闪发光。（完成译句） When I and looked out of the window this morning, I saw the sun in the sky. 5.让别人等太久是不礼貌的。 It is to keep others for a long time. ★过去分词作状语 1.（23-24九年级上·天津红桥·期末）和去年相比，今年我们取得了更大的成就。 last year, we have had more success this year. 2.（2023·江苏常州·一模）与过去相比，房价上涨很快。 the past, the prices of houses . 3.（2023·江苏常州·一模）与传统书店相比，书吧为我们打开了一个全新的世界。 , book bars . 4.（2022·甘肃酒泉·模拟预测）和诗歌相比较，故事通常有较长的段落。 poems, stories usually have longer passages. 5.（2023·甘肃庆阳·一模）和你的旧房子相比你的新房子怎么样？ your old house, how is your new one? ★过去分词作定语 1.（2023·江苏常州·一模）张艺谋导演的电影《满江红》受到了观众的高度赞扬。 The film All Red by Zhang Yimou the audience. 2.（2023·江苏常州·一模）张艺谋执导的《满江红》值得一看吗？ the film All Red by Zhang Yimou ? 3.（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）妮妮房间的墙上贴了很多奖状。 There are many certificates of award on the wall of Nini’s room. 4.（2024·山东枣庄·二模）The movie Yolo Chinese media companies received success. 由中国传媒公司制作的电影《热辣滚烫》获得了成功。 5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Mary has a brother. His name is Jimmy. (合并为一句话) Mary has a brother . ★过去分词作补足语 1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）I will ask somebody to repair my bike. (改为同义句) I will get my bike . 2.（24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）别担心明天的缺席。我会找人把讲座录制下来的。 Don’t worry about our absence tomorrow. I will . 3.You need to ask somebody to check your computer. （同义句转换） You need to your computer . 4.小男孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了。 The little boys were playing with snow their hands red. 5.（22-23九年级上·重庆北碚·期末）工人们承诺了年底前会将房子修建完毕。(完成译句) The workers promised to the house by the end of the year. ★过去分词作表语 1.（2022·湖北黄冈·模拟预测）我们应该邀请全体同学，这样任何人都不会感到被孤立。（leave） We are supposed to invite the whole class, so no one will feel . 2.（2022·辽宁抚顺·二模）他没有被邀请参加尼克的聚会，他感到被冷落了。 He wasn’t invited to Nick’s party and felt . 3.当自己的孩子出生时，那些新爸爸们往往有被冷落的感觉。 New fathers often feel when their baby arrives. ★非谓语动词独立主格结构 1.说实话，我不喜欢这部电影。 , I don’t like this film. 2.说实在的，我已经好久没吃披萨了。 , I haven’t eaten pizza for . 二、单词拼写 ★动词不定式作主语 1.（2025·上海虹口·一模）It was impossible for the Greeks to without the help of the trick. (success) 2.（2024江苏无锡·二模）It's really wise of you (join) the club. You have so many friends now. 3.（2024·江苏盐城·二模）It was necessary for these volunteers (receive) training before doing their tasks. 4.（2024·江苏无锡· 一模）What a pity it was (see) Xiao Ni fail the magic during the2024 Spring Festival Gala! 5.（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Everyone makes mistakes. but it's important to c (改正) them in time. ★动词不定式作宾语 1.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Fangfang’s mother is busy doing her business, so she isn’t able to (留出，匀出) time for her daughter. 2..（2024·浙江杭州·三模）My car broke down on the highway, so I need to r it as soon as possible. 3.（2024·江苏南京·三模）As one of the most famous businessmen, he manages (run) over 100 companies. 4.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）The organization tried to c the charity walk because of the bad weather. 5.（2024·安徽淮北·三模）Betty likes to r (放松) herself by listening to music when she feels stressed. ★动词不定式作表语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）You will have to work hard if you are to (success). 2.（2023·上海崇明·二模）My uncle is a doctor and his job is to people’s lives. (save) 3.（2022·江苏无锡·二模）What you can do now is to think twice and (选择) a better way to go. ★动词不定式作定语 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）He often walks in nature because he thinks it is a good way to (rest after work). 2.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Our head teacher is always the first (come) to the classroom in the morning. 3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Exercise and social support are good ways (control) stress. 4.（2024·上海闵行·二模）Reading, as well as traveling, is one of the best ways to our mind. (rich) 5.（2024·山东济宁·中考真题）It is said that Shen Nong was the first to (发现) tea as a drink. ★动词不定式作主语补足语 1.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）The students are allowed to b (借) three books from the library at a time. 2.（23-24九年级上·四川达州·期末）In old days, the poor were made (work) for the boss for over 18 hours a day. 3.（23-24九年级上·四川成都·期末）Nowadays, students are required not only to know the answer, but also to be able to e the reason behind it. 4.（23-24九年级上·云南昆明·期末）Students aren’t allowed to one another in the hallways. (追逐) ★动词不定式作宾语补足语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Online museums allow people (learn) about world history at home. 2.（2024·云南德宏·一模）Last Sunday, my father drove us to help farmers . (采茶) ★动词不定式作目的状语 1.（2025·上海青浦·一模）Jack provided some more evidence in order to his point. (proof) 2.（2025·上海长宁·一模）To for leaving so early today, I have brought you a little present.（apology） 3.（2025·上海徐汇·一模）To his point, Paul presented detailed evidence in his presentation. (proof) 4.（2024·江苏南京·二模） (hold) the 9th Asian Winter Games in February 2025 successfully, people in Harbin are busy preparing for them. 5.（2024·上海浦东新·一模）Many countries are working together to the problem of the war between Russia and Ukraine. (solution) ★动词不定式作原因状语 1.（2024·安徽·二模）The monitor was happy to g (带领) us across the playground to the dining hall. 2.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）How proud the parents were (hear) their son had won the first prize! 3.（2023·上海嘉定·一模）In our STEM class, we are delighted to our own experiment. (designer) 4.（2023·四川内江·一模）—I’m sorry to d you, Kate. I can’t go to your birthday this weekend. —Oh, what a pity! 5．（23-24九年级上·浙江杭州·期末）I’m happy to r such a great gift. Thank you for sending it to me. ★动词不定式作结果状语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Astronauts should be careful enough (carry) out researches in space. 2.（2024·安徽宿州·二模）I’m sorry that I’m too busy to c (比较) the two reports before the meeting. 3.（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）My Maths teacher is always patient enough to (解释) things to us. 4.（2024·四川自贡·一模）Liu Hua's family is too poor to a to send him to school. 5.（2024·甘肃酒泉·二模）The boy is old enough (dress) himself. ★动名词作主语 1.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）D a hole is the first step to plant trees. 2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (share) helps us create meaningful connections with others. 3.（2024·四川成都·一模）M time wisely can help us have a much better control of our life. 4.（2024·四川成都·二模）S homework time from free time is important for students to keep a healthy study-life balance. 5.（2023·江苏无锡·一模） (receive) housework education helps students take care of themselves in daily life. ★动名词作宾语 1.（2024·浙江一模）Tony's sister enjoys _________(听) to music and she often goes to concerts. 2.（2024·浙江台州·二模）These songs are not Jack's favorite, so he has great difficulty c_________one song for the school show. 3.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）What great contributions he has made to his hometown! (develop) 4.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）The world-famous engineer is busy (设计) a new type of eco-friendly bicycle. 5.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）To get the scholarship, he spends more time than he used to p 1aying basketball.(练习) ★动名词作表语 1.（2024年甘肃省定西市中考二模）Seeing is __________(believe). 2.His hobby is stamps. (collect) 3.My hobby is (collect) coins from different countries. 4．（24-25九年级上·全国·单元测试）Giving is . We should be kind to others and help others in our life. (receive) 5.My uncle works in a factory, and his work is p newspapers. ★动名词作定语 1.（2024·云南大理·一模）Children should be taught good habits from an early age. (eat) 2.（23-24九年级上·浙江杭州·期末）—How do you improve your w skills, Jim? —By keeping a diary in English. 3.（2022·江苏南京·二模） Every Monday morning, we watch the _______(raise) of the national flag on the playground at school. （三）现在分词的用法 ★现在分词作表语 （2022·江苏苏州·一模）The young couple were (考虑) choosing a lager house because of the new baby. ★现在分词作定语 1．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Metro Line S1 (connect) Wuxi to Jiangyin has been in use since January 31, 2024. 2.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）The high-speed railway (连接) Siyang to many cities has been in use for years. 3.There is a wallet (躺) on the ground. Is it yours, Andy? 【答案】lying 4.（2023·湖南常德·一模）—Look! There’s a man (perform) Taiji near the river. —Wow! It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu. 5.（2022·广西河池·三模）Look, there is a wallet (lie) on the ground. Please pick it up. ★现在分词作状语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (control) her voice, Jou-chia said, “would you mind not talking so much?” 2.（2024·江苏南京·三模）Imagine how proud and helpful you can be while (introduce) traditional Chinese culture to your foreign friends in English! 3.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, for my favourite songs. (wait) 4.（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Earthquake last month in Turkey was a real disaster, thousands of people homeless. (leave) 5．（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (control) her voice, Jou-chia said, “would you mind not talking so much?” ★现在分词作补足语 1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）When Millie woke up, she found herself (lie) on the grass in the Central Park. 2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）The dog was last seen (lie) under a bench in the park at around 11 a.m. yesterday. 3.（2024·四川遂宁·二模）Whenever we see our flag r , we should stand straight. 4.（2024·云南红河·二模）When I walked into my room, I found my cousin my things without permission. （浏览） 5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Some children were running after the dog and they didn’t see a car (come). （四）过去分词的用法 ★过去分词作状语 1.（2024·江苏南京·一模） (compare) to many other cities in China, Nanjing is more attractive to tourists from home and abroad. 2.（2024·江苏南通·二模） (decide in what way things are similar or different) with their journey, life we live now is much more comfortable. We should cherish it. 3．（2024·江苏扬州·二模） with traditional cars, electric cars are more environment-friendly. (compare) 4．（2024·四川成都·二模）B on the Chinese science fiction novel called Three Body, the TV series tells us the story of human’s changes in the future. 5.（2024·四川成都·三模）B on Chinese science fiction Three Body, the TV series tells us the story of human’s changes in the future. ★过去分词作定语 1.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）This spring, the most eye-catching movie might be YOLO, (执导) by 41-year-old Jia Ling. 2.（2024·江苏苏州·一模）The time (需要) to finish the task depends on how hard it is and how fast you work. 3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）The badly (pollute) river looks dark and smelly. Something must be done! 4.（2023·江苏镇江·一模）—Have you heard the news? —Yes. The school broadcasting station announced that our school had put the money (募集) by them to good use to buy new instruments for kids. ★过去分词作补足语 1.（2024·四川成都·三模）The bike is broken so badly that I don’t advise you to get it r . It’s better to buy a new one. 2.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Your car makes unusual noise. You’d better have it (check) at once. 3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Unlucky for me, I forgot to lock my bike and had it (steal) . 4.（2024·山东日照·二模）Tom found it difficult to make himself (理解). 5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）How can you get your ears (pierce)? ★过去分词作表语 1.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）Lionel Messi is best (know) for winning the World Cup 2022 with his team. 2.（2022·四川内江·一模）Alice won’t feel l out if you ask her to join you each time. （二）语篇填空 1.(2023甘肃中考)You're expected (shake)hands when meeting people for the first time in China. 2.(2023江苏苏州中考节选)The memory of the white walls stayed with me.I kept (imagine)how many shadows(影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$