第12讲 语法填空：说明介绍 （检测）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（浙江专用）

第12讲 语法填空：说明介绍 （23-24九年级上·浙江绍兴·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 For people who love reading, there’s nothing better than the smell of an old book. But what makes old books smell the way they do? Lignin (木质素). Lignin is a chemical compound (化学物质). It can 1 (discover) in the trees that paper is made from. As a book gets older, lignin starts to break down 2 (slow) and it gives off chemicals we can smell. But 3 do people like the smell so much? According to a study from University College London, people think the smell of old books is similar 4 the smell of chocolate. For the study, scientists 5 (create) an “old book smell” using fibers (纤维) from a 1928 French book. Seventy-nine people smelled the old book smell, but 6 weren’t told what it was. They were then asked 7 (describe) it. A large number of people said it smelled like chocolate. Others said it smelled like coffee. This shouldn’t be 8 surprise: coffee and chocolate also come from 9 (material) that have lignin. Lignin might give books their sweet smell, but it also makes the pages yellow, and books today use paper with 10 (little) lignin than before. This might let them stay white longer, but won’t make them smell as sweet in the future. 【答案】 1．be discovered 2．slowly 3．why 4．to 5．created 6．they 7．to describe 8．a 9．materials 10．less 【导语】本文主要讲述了为什么人们喜欢闻旧书的味道。 1．句意：我们可以从制造纸张的树木中发现。分析句子可知，动词discover和主语之间是被动关系，此处是含有情态动词can的被动语态，结构为can be done。故填be discovered。 2．句意：随着书的老化，木质素开始慢慢分解，并释放出我们能闻到的化学物质。slow是形容词，空处修饰动词，应用副词，故填slowly。 3．句意：但是为什么人们如此喜欢这种气味呢？根据“According to a study from University College London, people think the smell of old books is similar...the smell of chocolate.”可知，这里是问原因，应用why。故填why。 4．句意：根据伦敦大学学院的一项研究，人们认为旧书的味道和巧克力的味道相似。be similar to“和……相似”，是固定短语。故填to。 5．句意：在这项研究中，科学家们用1928年一本法国书的纤维制造了一种“旧书气味”。根据后文可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填created。 6．句意：79个人闻到了旧书的味道，但他们不知道那是什么。空处是指代79个人，作主语，应用they。故填they。 7．句意：然后他们被要求描述它。be asked to do sth“被要求做某事”，是固定短语。故填to describe。 8．句意：这并不奇怪：咖啡和巧克力也来自含有木质素的材料。这里的surprise是单数可数名词，应用不定冠词表泛指，surprise以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 9．句意：这并不奇怪：咖啡和巧克力也来自含有木质素的材料。material“材料”，可数名词，结合定语从句中的谓语动词have可知，名词应用复数，故填materials。 10．句意：木质素可能会给书带来甜味，但它也会使书页变黄，今天的书使用的木质素比以前少了。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级。故填less。 （23-24九年级上·浙江绍兴·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. It is used as a water-proof tool for daily use. One of the most popular 11 (story) about the umbrella is related to Lu Ban. It is said that once he and his younger sister visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. The sister said, “Let’s have 12 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, who comes up 13 a way to make it possible for people to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Many people thought it was difficult to solve this problem, 14 Lu Ban thought it was easy. He collected some tools and materials 15 were important to build pavilions (凉亭) and started working. The next morning, Lu Ban looked at his works and talked about them 16 (proud): “For only one night, I 17 (finish) building pavilions around the lake.” At that time, his sister was holding something unusual in her hand. Lu Ban was 18 (surprise) to find that it could be opened into a round shape. He also found that the object 19 (make) of silk and bamboo strips (竹条). It was light, beautiful and easy 20 (carry). Lu Ban said, “You win, your ‘pavilion’ can protect us against rain.” So the umbrella was invented. 【答案】 11．stories 12．a 13．with 14．but 15．that/which 16．proudly 17．have finished 18．surprised 19．was made 20．to carry 【导语】本文介绍了中国第一把雨伞被发明的故事。 11．句意：关于雨伞最流行的故事之一与鲁班有关。由“One of the most popular …”可知，此处是“one of+the+最高级+可数名词复数”结构，表示“最……之一”。故填stories。 12．句意：让我们来一场比赛吧。此处泛指“一场比赛”，且competition以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 13．句意：在明天日出之前，谁能想出一种方法，让人们即使在雨天也能游览西湖，谁就是赢家。come up with“想出”，固定短语。故填with。 14．句意：很多人认为解决这个问题很难，但鲁班认为这很容易。由“Many people thought it was difficult to solve this problem, … Lu Ban thought it was easy”可知，前后句是转折关系，应用but“但是”来连接两个句子。故填but。 15．句意：他收集了一些对建造凉亭很重要的工具和材料，开始工作。由“He collected some tools and materials … were important to build pavilions”可知，句子为定语从句，先行词“tools and materials”是指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which。故填that/which。 16．句意：第二天早上，鲁班看着他的作品，自豪地谈论着。此处应用副词proudly“骄傲地，自豪地”修饰动词talked。故填proudly。 17．句意：仅仅一个晚上，我就在湖边建好了亭子。根据“For only one night”可知，应用现在完成时“have/has done”，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have finished。 18．句意：鲁班惊讶地发现它竟然可以打开成一个圆形。由“Lu Ban was …”可知，此处修饰人，应用形容词surprised“惊讶的”作表语。故填surprised。 19．句意：他还发现这件物品是由丝绸和竹条制成的。根据“the object … (make) of silk and bamboo strips”可知，此处是指是由丝绸和竹条制成，be made of“由……制成”，固定短语；根据“found”可知时态为一般过去时，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was made。 20．句意：它很轻，很漂亮，而且很容易携带。easy to do sth.“容易做某事”，应用动词不定式。故填to carry。 （22-23九年级上·浙江绍兴·期末）语法填空 The Himalayan Mountains have the third largest glaciers (冰川) in the world. But now the first study of this place shows that it lost 21 (ton) of ice from 2000 to 2016. This is the first overall look at what has 22 (exact) happened to glaciers in the Himalaya over a 40-year time, says the lead writer Joshua Maurer. “Our study shows a huge glacier ice loss 23 of the rising temperatures from climate (气候) change,” Maurer says. Nearly 24 quarter of the area’s ice has been lost over the last 40 years, he says. “Temperatures in the area have risen one degree Celsius (摄氏度) 25 (high) than those from 1975 to 2000, and one degree is enough 26 (produce) such a huge loss. “ The ice and snow in the area are the head for Asia’s great rivers. The study does not include the high mountains nearby, but other studies 27 (suggest) that similar melting (融化) is going on there as well. This melting means more floods (洪水) and glacial lakes. In May 2012, one such flood killed over 60 people in villages near Pokhara, Nepal. 28 also pulled down houses in these villages. Besides, around 800 million people depend 29 rivers from Himalayan glaciers for farming, drinking water and 30 (make) electricity. The melting will increase the river water during warm seasons, but scientists say that the river water will become much less in a few years as the glaciers lose rapidly. 【答案】 21．tons 22．exactly 23．because 24．a 25．higher 26．to produce 27．suggest 28．It 29．on 30．making 【导语】本文主要介绍了喜马拉雅山脉的冰川正在快速融化。 21．句意：但现在对这个地方的第一次研究表明，从2000年到2016年，它失去了大量的冰。tons of“大量的”，是固定搭配，故填tons。 22．句意：首席作家约书亚•莫伊雷尔说，这是第一次全面审视喜马拉雅冰川在40多年里到底发生了什么。空处修饰动词，应用副词exactly，故填exactly。 23．句意：我们的研究显示，由于气候变化导致气温上升，冰川冰大量流失。空后是前面的原因，应用because of“因为”，故填because。 24．句意：他说，在过去的40年里，该地区近四分之一的冰已经消失。此处是固定搭配a quarter of“四分之一”，故填a。 25．句意：该地区的气温比1975年至2000年上升了1摄氏度，1摄氏度足以产生如此巨大的损失。根据“than”可知，应用比较级，故填higher。 26．句意：该地区的气温比1975年至2000年上升了1摄氏度，1摄氏度足以产生如此巨大的损失。此处使用固定搭配be enough to do sth“足够做某事”，故填to produce。 27．句意：这项研究不包括附近的高山，但其他研究表明，类似的融化也在那里发生。suggest“表明”，动词。句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形，故填suggest。 28．句意：它还冲倒了这些村庄的房屋。 此处用it指代前文提到的洪水，放在句首，首字母大写。故填It。 29．句意：此外，大约有8亿人依靠喜马拉雅冰川的河水耕作、饮水和发电。此处使用depend on“ 依靠，依赖”，是固定搭配。故填on。 30．句意：此外，大约有8亿人依靠喜马拉雅冰川的河水耕作、饮水和发电。介词for后加动词用动名词形式，使用making和前文的farming，drinking并列。故填making。 （2023·浙江温州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。 More than 6,000 years ago, the incense craft and its culture appeared. It became 1 (wide) popular during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The main uses of it were to prevent disease, insects and protect 2 (people) health. For years, Yang Jinqing has worked on the traditional craft. He is a well-trained maker 3 passes on the skill of making incenses. 4 June 2021, this craft was named a National Intangible Cultural Heritage. At the beginning, he bought incense production tools and materials while visiting senior incense experts. From them, he got 5 (value) information. With all the resources ready, Yang experimented over and over again and made ancient incense methods alive. His efforts paid off when he made it to present 12 ancient incenses, including ambergris and those featuring the smells of 6 (flower). Yang also makes sure 7 (he) products move with the times. He designed lots of incense products with modern styles. So far, he 8 (improve) the traditional craft by making smokeless incense. Now he is developing 9 amazing product which displays special shapes and characters after burning. His works win the hearts of 10 the young and the old. He hopes there will be more people passing on the culture. 【答案】 1．widely 2．people’s 3．who/that 4．In 5．valuable 6．flowers 7．his 8．has improved 9．an 10．both 【导语】本文主要介绍了历史悠久的传统工艺——香，以及它的传承人杨金庆对这项工艺的奉献和努力。 1．句意：它在明清时期广泛流行。此空修饰形容词popular，应填副词widely“广泛地”，故填widely。 2．句意：它的主要用途是预防疾病、昆虫和保护人们的健康。此空修饰名词health，应填名词所有格形式，故填people’s。 3．句意：他是一个训练有素的工匠，把制作香炉的技艺传承下去。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是指人，在从句中作主语，用who或that引导定语从句，故填who/that。 4．句意：2021年6月，该工艺被评为国家非物质文化遗产。June“六月”，在月份前加介词in，故填In。 5．句意：他从他们那里得到了有价值的信息。此空修饰名词information，应填形容词valuable“有价值的”，故填valuable。 6．句意：他的努力得到了回报，他制作了12种古代香，包括龙涎香和那些具有花香的香。根据“smells”可知，此空应填复数形式，故填flowers。 7．句意：杨还确保他的产品与时俱进。此空修饰名词products，应填形容词性物主代词his，故填his。 8．句意：到目前为止，他通过制作无烟香改进了传统工艺。根据So far可知，此处用现在完成时的结构，主语he是第三人称单数形式，助动词用has，故填has improved。 9．句意：现在他正在开发一种神奇的产品，燃烧后可以显示出特殊的形状和字符。此处表示泛指，且amazing是以元音音素开头的，故填an。 10．句意：他的作品深受年轻人和老年人的喜爱。根据“the young and the old”可知，此处用both…and表示“……和……都”，故填both。 （2023·浙江温州·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The growth in tall buildings has led to a great need for window washers. The job is dangerous and 11 (accident) happen from time to time. However, the dangerous job may soon be done by Ozmo, 12 smart window cleaning robot. Much like humans, Ozmo sits 13 platforms hanging from the buildings and uses 14 (it) arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the windows. A 3D map of the building 15 (allow) the robot to move up and down. The robot can move out of the way 16 there are unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window. Unlike other window washers, the robot cleaner does not need soap 17 (clean) the glass. Instead, it uses distilled water 18 does no harm to the environment. It takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building while the robot 19 (complete) the task in just 80 hours. However, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not replace human workers, only making their jobs 20 (safe). Human workers will control the robot from below. 【答案】 11．accidents 12．a 13．on 14．its 15．allows 16．if 17．to clean 18．that/which 19．completes/will complete 20．safer/safe 【导语】本文介绍了智能窗户清洁机器人Ozmo。 11．句意：这份工作很危险，事故时有发生。根据谓语“happen”可知，主语用复数，accident“事故”，复数是accidents。故填accidents。 12．句意：然而，这项危险的工作可能很快就会由智能窗户清洁机器人Ozmo完成。此句表示泛指机器人，且smart是辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 13．句意：就像人类一样，Ozmo坐在悬挂在建筑物上的平台上，用手臂和刷子清洁窗户上的污垢。在“平台上（platforms）”用介词on。故填on。 14．句意：就像人类一样，Ozmo坐在悬挂在建筑物上的平台上，用手臂和刷子清洁窗户上的污垢。空格处修饰名词arm，应用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 15．句意：建筑物的3D地图允许机器人上下移动。本句的主语“A 3D map”是单数，谓语动词用三单形式，allow的三单形式是allows。故填allows。 16．句意：如果发生意外事件，例如突然打开窗户，机器人可以让开。根据“The robot can move out of the way…there are unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window.”可知，后句表示条件，前句是结果，此句是if引导的条件状语从句。故填if。 17．句意：与其他窗户清洗机不同，机器人清洁机不需要肥皂来清洁玻璃。need sth. to do sth.“需要做某事”，动词短语。故填to clean。 18．句意：相反，它使用的是对环境无害的蒸馏水。此句是定语从句，先行词water是物，且关系词在定语从句作主语，应用that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 19．句意：三名清洁工每人需要480小时才能清洁一栋40层玻璃建筑的窗户，而机器人只需80小时就能完成任务。此句表达事实可用一般现在时，根据时间状语“in just 80 hours”可用一般将来时。故填completes/will complete。 20．句意：然而，与其他机器人不同的是，Ozmo不会取代人类工人，只会让他们的工作（更）安全。make sth/ab. adj.“使……是什么样子的”，固定短语，形容词作宾语补足语。根据语境，可知用原级或比较级，表达“让他们的工作安全”或和以前工作作比较“让他们的工作更安全”，故填safer/safe。 （2023·浙江绍兴·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Many people draw on the paper, but few paint on stones. And that was 21 (exact) what Mo Wuying is doing. The artist from Chongqing has been doing this for more than eight years. And 22 animals she paints on stones are truly lifelike. The poses of animals she creates 23 (decide) by the shapes of the stones. Mo says it is an art form that requires creative 24 (idea). According to Mo, the first step is to draw the outline of an animal on a stone. Then she colors it 25 (make) lively. After that, she adds all the details (细节). Driven by her love of painting from a young age, Mo has been improving her stone painting skills for years. 26 the beginning, she tried her hand at sceneries and characters. In the past three years, she has focuses on painting animals. Mo 27 (finish) hundreds of stone paintings so far. “The longer I work on it, the 28 (interesting) I find it,” said Mo proudly. She sometimes even forgets to eat or sleep 29 the painting takes up all her attention. “ 30 is relaxing to paint on stones and makes me more patient,” said Mo, adding that she would continue working on it. 【答案】 21．exactly 22．the 23．are decided 24．ideas 25．to make 26．At 27．has finished 28．more interesting 29．because 30．It 【导语】本文介绍了莫伍英在石头上画画的情况。 21．句意：而这正是莫伍英正在做的事情。根据“what Mo Wuying is doing.”可知，这里用exact的副词exactly修饰。故填exactly。 22．句意：她在石头上画的动物真的栩栩如生。根据“she paints on stones are truly lifelike.”可知，这里是定语从句，特指她在石头上画的动物，用定冠词the。故填the。 23．句意：她创造的动物姿势是由石头的形状决定的。根据“The poses of animals she creates”可知，姿势是被石头的形状决定的，因此本题要使用被动语态；主语为复数；由后文says可知，本文使用一般现在时即可。这里是are decided。故填are decided。 24．句意：莫说这是一种需要创造性想法的艺术形式。根据“it is an art form that requires creative ”可知，这种艺术需要创造性的想法，idea“想法”，可数名词，想法不止一种，这里用idea的复数ideas。故填ideas。 25．句意：然后她给它上色使它生动起来。分析句子结构可知，这里是动词不定式作目的状语，上色的目的是使它生动起来，因此本题使用make的动词不定式to make。故填to make。 26．句意：一开始，她试着画风景和人物。根据“In the past three years, she has focuses on painting animals.”可知，在过去的三年里，她一直专注于画动物，本句是在说她一开始的时候试着画风景和人物，at the beginning “一开始”。句子开头，首字母大写。故填At。 27．句意：到目前为止，莫已经完成了数百幅石画。根据“so far”可知，这里用现在完成时，其结构是：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词；主语Mo 是单数，因此助动词用has，finish的过去分词为finished。故填has finished。 28．句意：我研究的时间越长，我发现它就越有趣。根据“The longer I work on it,”可知，这里是the+比较级，the+比较级结构；interesting的比较级为more interesting。故填more interesting。 29．句意：她有时甚至忘记吃饭或睡觉，因为绘画占据了她所有的注意力。根据“the painting takes up all her attention.”可知，这里是由because引导的原因状语从句。故填because。 30．句意：在石头上画画很放松，让我更有耐心。分析句子结构可知，这里用it作形式主语，首字母大写。故填It。 （2023·浙江台州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 You don’t need to wait until you’re an adult to take part in community service. You can develop good habits now. Community service is a great way to make 1 difference in your neighborhood. You also can enjoy 2 (spend) time with friends and meeting new people. Here are some ideas for you to start 3 (quick). Do you play an instrument or love to draw? Offer to give free concerts at a senior center or spread your love of art by giving 4 (lesson) to younger children. You can never imagine 5 happy you will be after that. Do you live near a public park? You can volunteer 6 (plant) or clean up the park. You’ll bring pleasure 7 everyone who uses the park. Do you know any sick or disabled people in your neighborhood? Offer to do yard work for 8 (they). Sweep the floor and 9 (do) the dishes. Or just stop by for a friendly visit with some food. Does your school encourage a buddy (伙伴) system? You can set up buddy systems which connect older children with 10 (young) ones. Buddies often spend time together reading books. Helping a young person grow into a smart reader is a gift that keeps on giving. 【答案】 1．a 2．spending 3．quickly 4．lessons 5．how 6．to plant 7．to/for 8．them 9．do 10．younger 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何快速开始社区服务。 1．句意：社区服务是一个很好的方式来改变你的社区。make a difference“有影响”。故填a。 2．句意：你还可以享受与朋友共度时光和结识新朋友的乐趣。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填spending。 3．句意：以下是一些快速开始的想法。修饰动词start用副词quickly“快速地”。故填quickly。 4．句意：在老年中心举办免费音乐会，或者通过给年幼的孩子上课来传播你对艺术的热爱。此处表泛指用名词复数lessons“课”。故填lessons。 5．句意：你永远无法想象在那之后你会有多幸福。根据“happy you will be”可知是多么开心，用how引导宾语从句。故填how。 6．句意：你可以自愿种植或打扫公园。plant“种植”，volunteer to do sth.“自愿做某事”。故填to plant。 7．句意：你会给每个使用公园的人带来快乐。bring sth. to/for sb.“给某人带来某物”。故填to/for。 8．句意：主动提出为他们做庭院工作。此处作介词for的宾语用代词宾格them“他们”。故填them。 9．句意：扫地洗碗。或者只是顺道拜访一下，带上一些食物。此处动词和sweep并列，故此处用动词原形。故填do。 10．句意：你可以建立好友系统，将年龄较大的孩子与年龄较小的孩子联系起来。根据“older children with...ones”可知是将较大的孩子和较年轻的孩子联系起来，用比较级younger“更年轻的”。故填younger。 （2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). Thousands of years ago, they 11 (create) to help with farming, but the solar term culture is still very 12 (use) today to people’s life. Grain Buds is 13 eighth solar term of a year. It means that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe. This year Grain Buds falls 14 May 21st, and lasts 16 days. Here are some things you may not know about Grain Buds.A good season for eating fish A saying about rain during this time says, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full. “Because of a lot of rain, rivers are full of water and a great number of fish. You can’t miss the chance 15 (enjoy) them. Also, it is such a golden season for 16 (fisherman)!Suggestions on health Wet and hot days 17 (be) common in this season. It may make you get skin illnesses easily. It is necessary to take more exercise. Walking, jogging and practicing tai chi are popular.A key period for flower caring It is a good period for flowers to grow 18 (rapid). Caring for your garden becomes even 19 (important) than any other time. 20 you take good care of them, your plants will be healthier. 【答案】 11．were created 12．useful 13．the 14．on 15．to enjoy 16．fishermen 17．are 18．rapidly 19．more important 20．If 【导语】本文介绍了小满这个节气。 11．句意：几千年前，人们创造节气是为了帮助农业，但是节气文化在今天对人们的生活仍然非常有用。they指代“24 solar terms”，与动词create之间是被动关系，结合“Thousands of years ago”可知，此处用一般过去时被动语态，根据they可知，助动词用were，故填were created。 12．句意：几千年前，人们创造节气是为了帮助农业，但是节气文化在今天对人们的生活仍然非常有用。is后接形容词作表语，useful“有用的”，故填useful。 13．句意：小满是一年中的第八个节气。序数词eighth前要加the，故填the。 14．句意：今年的小满落在5月21日，持续16天。“May 21st”是具体的一天，时间介词用on，故填on。 15．句意：你不能错过享受它们的机会。此空作名词chance的定语，应填动词不定式，故填to enjoy。 16．句意：此外，这也是渔民的黄金季节。fisherman“渔民”，可数名词，此空应填复数形式表示泛指，故填fishermen。 17．句意：潮湿和炎热的天气在这个季节很常见。此句是一般现在时，and连接并列主语，be动词用are，故填are。 18．句意：这是花卉快速生长的好时期。此空修饰动词grow，应该填副词rapidly“迅速地”，故填rapidly。 19．句意：照料你的花园变得比任何时候都更重要。根据than可知，此空应填比较级，故填more important。 20．句意：如果你好好照顾它们，你的植物会更健康。“you take good care of them”是“your plants will be healthier”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。 （2023·浙江绍兴·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family 21 (move) from Chicago to Northern California. Soon after, the Camp Fire started. “It was one of 22 (big) fires in California history,” Reshma, now 17, told TIME for Kids. 23 her school was about 320 kilometers south of the fire, students still had to wear masks (面罩) because 24 the smoke. “It is an unusual experience for me, because I have never 25 (real) experienced this problem,” she said. So she hoped 26 (deal) with the problem. Later she created a 27 (use) way to predict forest fires with artificial intelligence (人工智能). Her method is nearly 90% right. “ 28 realized that if I could succeed, the results could make 29 big difference. For example, the environment can be helped and many 30 (life) can be saved,” Reshma said. 【答案】 21．moved 22．the biggest 23．Though/Although 24．of 25．really 26．to deal 27．useful 28．I 29．a 30．lives 【导语】本文主要介绍Reshma Kosaraju发明人工智能预测森林火灾的方法。 21．句意：当Reshma Kosaraju 12岁时，她的家人从芝加哥搬到了北加州。根据“When Reshma Kosaraju was 12”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填moved。 22．句意：这是加州历史上最大的火灾之一。此处是“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”结构，故填the biggest。 23．句意：虽然她的学校在火灾以南约320公里处，但由于浓烟弥漫，学生们仍然不得不戴上口罩。分析“...her school was about 320 kilometers south of the fire, students still had to wear masks...”可知，前后构成让步关系，用though/although引导让步状语从句。故填Though/Although。 24．句意：虽然她的学校在火灾以南约320公里处，但由于浓烟弥漫，学生们仍然不得不戴上口罩。根据“students still had to wear masks (面罩) because...the smoke”可知，由于浓烟弥漫，学生们仍然不得不戴上口罩，because of“因为”符合语境，故填of。 25．句意：对我来说是一次不寻常的经历，因为我从来没有真正经历过这个问题。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填really。 26．句意：所以她希望能解决这个问题。hope to do sth“希望做某事”，故填to deal。 27．句意：后来，她发明了一种用人工智能预测森林火灾的有用方法。此处在句中作定语修饰way，useful“有用的”符合语境，故填useful。 28．句意：我意识到，如果我能成功，结果会有很大的不同。此处在句中作主语，结合“...realized that if I could succeed”可知，应用I作主语。故填I。 29．句意：我意识到，如果我能成功，结果会有很大的不同。make a big difference“产生重大影响、有很大的不同”，固定短语。故填a。 30．句意：例如，环境可以得到改善，许多生命可以得到拯救。life“生命”，many修饰可数名词复数。故填lives。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第12讲 语法填空：说明介绍 （23-24九年级上·浙江绍兴·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 For people who love reading, there’s nothing better than the smell of an old book. But what makes old books smell the way they do? Lignin (木质素). Lignin is a chemical compound (化学物质). It can 1 (discover) in the trees that paper is made from. As a book gets older, lignin starts to break down 2 (slow) and it gives off chemicals we can smell. But 3 do people like the smell so much? According to a study from University College London, people think the smell of old books is similar 4 the smell of chocolate. For the study, scientists 5 (create) an “old book smell” using fibers (纤维) from a 1928 French book. Seventy-nine people smelled the old book smell, but 6 weren’t told what it was. They were then asked 7 (describe) it. A large number of people said it smelled like chocolate. Others said it smelled like coffee. This shouldn’t be 8 surprise: coffee and chocolate also come from 9 (material) that have lignin. Lignin might give books their sweet smell, but it also makes the pages yellow, and books today use paper with 10 (little) lignin than before. This might let them stay white longer, but won’t make them smell as sweet in the future. （23-24九年级上·浙江绍兴·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. It is used as a water-proof tool for daily use. One of the most popular 11 (story) about the umbrella is related to Lu Ban. It is said that once he and his younger sister visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. The sister said, “Let’s have 12 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, who comes up 13 a way to make it possible for people to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Many people thought it was difficult to solve this problem, 14 Lu Ban thought it was easy. He collected some tools and materials 15 were important to build pavilions (凉亭) and started working. The next morning, Lu Ban looked at his works and talked about them 16 (proud): “For only one night, I 17 (finish) building pavilions around the lake.” At that time, his sister was holding something unusual in her hand. Lu Ban was 18 (surprise) to find that it could be opened into a round shape. He also found that the object 19 (make) of silk and bamboo strips (竹条). It was light, beautiful and easy 20 (carry). Lu Ban said, “You win, your ‘pavilion’ can protect us against rain.” So the umbrella was invented. （22-23九年级上·浙江绍兴·期末）语法填空 The Himalayan Mountains have the third largest glaciers (冰川) in the world. But now the first study of this place shows that it lost 21 (ton) of ice from 2000 to 2016. This is the first overall look at what has 22 (exact) happened to glaciers in the Himalaya over a 40-year time, says the lead writer Joshua Maurer. “Our study shows a huge glacier ice loss 23 of the rising temperatures from climate (气候) change,” Maurer says. Nearly 24 quarter of the area’s ice has been lost over the last 40 years, he says. “Temperatures in the area have risen one degree Celsius (摄氏度) 25 (high) than those from 1975 to 2000, and one degree is enough 26 (produce) such a huge loss. “ The ice and snow in the area are the head for Asia’s great rivers. The study does not include the high mountains nearby, but other studies 27 (suggest) that similar melting (融化) is going on there as well. This melting means more floods (洪水) and glacial lakes. In May 2012, one such flood killed over 60 people in villages near Pokhara, Nepal. 28 also pulled down houses in these villages. Besides, around 800 million people depend 29 rivers from Himalayan glaciers for farming, drinking water and 30 (make) electricity. The melting will increase the river water during warm seasons, but scientists say that the river water will become much less in a few years as the glaciers lose rapidly. （2023·浙江温州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。 More than 6,000 years ago, the incense craft and its culture appeared. It became 1 (wide) popular during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The main uses of it were to prevent disease, insects and protect 2 (people) health. For years, Yang Jinqing has worked on the traditional craft. He is a well-trained maker 3 passes on the skill of making incenses. 4 June 2021, this craft was named a National Intangible Cultural Heritage. At the beginning, he bought incense production tools and materials while visiting senior incense experts. From them, he got 5 (value) information. With all the resources ready, Yang experimented over and over again and made ancient incense methods alive. His efforts paid off when he made it to present 12 ancient incenses, including ambergris and those featuring the smells of 6 (flower). Yang also makes sure 7 (he) products move with the times. He designed lots of incense products with modern styles. So far, he 8 (improve) the traditional craft by making smokeless incense. Now he is developing 9 amazing product which displays special shapes and characters after burning. His works win the hearts of 10 the young and the old. He hopes there will be more people passing on the culture. （2023·浙江温州·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The growth in tall buildings has led to a great need for window washers. The job is dangerous and 11 (accident) happen from time to time. However, the dangerous job may soon be done by Ozmo, 12 smart window cleaning robot. Much like humans, Ozmo sits 13 platforms hanging from the buildings and uses 14 (it) arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the windows. A 3D map of the building 15 (allow) the robot to move up and down. The robot can move out of the way 16 there are unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window. Unlike other window washers, the robot cleaner does not need soap 17 (clean) the glass. Instead, it uses distilled water 18 does no harm to the environment. It takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building while the robot 19 (complete) the task in just 80 hours. However, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not replace human workers, only making their jobs 20 (safe). Human workers will control the robot from below. （2023·浙江绍兴·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Many people draw on the paper, but few paint on stones. And that was 21 (exact) what Mo Wuying is doing. The artist from Chongqing has been doing this for more than eight years. And 22 animals she paints on stones are truly lifelike. The poses of animals she creates 23 (decide) by the shapes of the stones. Mo says it is an art form that requires creative 24 (idea). According to Mo, the first step is to draw the outline of an animal on a stone. Then she colors it 25 (make) lively. After that, she adds all the details (细节). Driven by her love of painting from a young age, Mo has been improving her stone painting skills for years. 26 the beginning, she tried her hand at sceneries and characters. In the past three years, she has focuses on painting animals. Mo 27 (finish) hundreds of stone paintings so far. “The longer I work on it, the 28 (interesting) I find it,” said Mo proudly. She sometimes even forgets to eat or sleep 29 the painting takes up all her attention. “ 30 is relaxing to paint on stones and makes me more patient,” said Mo, adding that she would continue working on it. （2023·浙江台州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 You don’t need to wait until you’re an adult to take part in community service. You can develop good habits now. Community service is a great way to make 1 difference in your neighborhood. You also can enjoy 2 (spend) time with friends and meeting new people. Here are some ideas for you to start 3 (quick). Do you play an instrument or love to draw? Offer to give free concerts at a senior center or spread your love of art by giving 4 (lesson) to younger children. You can never imagine 5 happy you will be after that. Do you live near a public park? You can volunteer 6 (plant) or clean up the park. You’ll bring pleasure 7 everyone who uses the park. Do you know any sick or disabled people in your neighborhood? Offer to do yard work for 8 (they). Sweep the floor and 9 (do) the dishes. Or just stop by for a friendly visit with some food. Does your school encourage a buddy (伙伴) system? You can set up buddy systems which connect older children with 10 (young) ones. Buddies often spend time together reading books. Helping a young person grow into a smart reader is a gift that keeps on giving. （2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). Thousands of years ago, they 11 (create) to help with farming, but the solar term culture is still very 12 (use) today to people’s life. Grain Buds is 13 eighth solar term of a year. It means that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe. This year Grain Buds falls 14 May 21st, and lasts 16 days. Here are some things you may not know about Grain Buds.A good season for eating fish A saying about rain during this time says, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full. “Because of a lot of rain, rivers are full of water and a great number of fish. You can’t miss the chance 15 (enjoy) them. Also, it is such a golden season for 16 (fisherman)!Suggestions on health Wet and hot days 17 (be) common in this season. It may make you get skin illnesses easily. It is necessary to take more exercise. Walking, jogging and practicing tai chi are popular.A key period for flower caring It is a good period for flowers to grow 18 (rapid). Caring for your garden becomes even 19 (important) than any other time. 20 you take good care of them, your plants will be healthier. （2023·浙江绍兴·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family 21 (move) from Chicago to Northern California. Soon after, the Camp Fire started. “It was one of 22 (big) fires in California history,” Reshma, now 17, told TIME for Kids. 23 her school was about 320 kilometers south of the fire, students still had to wear masks (面罩) because 24 the smoke. “It is an unusual experience for me, because I have never 25 (real) experienced this problem,” she said. So she hoped 26 (deal) with the problem. Later she created a 27 (use) way to predict forest fires with artificial intelligence (人工智能). Her method is nearly 90% right. “ 28 realized that if I could succeed, the results could make 29 big difference. For example, the environment can be helped and many 30 (life) can be saved,” Reshma said. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$