专题07 阅读理解词义猜测题 -2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题03 阅读理解词义猜测题 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 题型01 定义法猜词义题 3 题型02 对比法猜词义题 4 题型03 因果法猜词义题 5 题型04 常识联想法猜词义题 6 题型05 例举法猜词义题 7 题型06 语境线索法猜词义题 8 题型07 根据构词法知识猜词义题 9 高考练场 11 变式演练 16 · 题型简介 · 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。在阅读过程中，考生难免会遇到一些生词或具有特殊含义的词汇，这种题型就是检验考生能否通过文章的线索和逻辑关系来理解这些词汇的真实意思。它不仅要求考生有一定的词汇量，还需要具备较强的语境理解能力。高考英语对于词义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题。 · 该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。 · 命题类型 · 猜测单词的意思：这是最常见的类型，文章中出现一个生词，要求考生根据上下文来猜测其含义。例如，在描述一种新的科学技术的文章中，出现了一个专业术语，通过对该技术的原理、应用场景等周边信息的描述来猜测这个专业术语的意思。 · 猜测短语的意思：一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简单相加。比如，“a far - cry from” 这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能是 “与…… 大不相同” 的意思，而不是从字面理解的 “从远处哭泣”。 · 猜测句子的含义：要求考生理解一个句子的隐含意义。这个句子可能是含有隐喻、象征等修辞手法，或者是在特定的文化、技术等语境下具有特殊的含义。例如，“The new policy is the light at the end of the tunnel for the struggling company.” 这里的句子意思不是简单的字面意思，而是表示 “新政策是这家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。 · 解题思路 · 利用上下文语境：这是最关键的方法。通过观察生词所在句子的前后文，寻找解释、定义、举例、对比、因果等线索。例如，如果句子中有 “that is”“in other words”“namely” 等词，后面的内容很可能是对生词的解释；如果有 “such as”“for example”，则后面的例子可以帮助我们理解生词的含义。 · 利用逻辑关系：注意文章中的转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系。如果出现 “but”“however” 等转折词，那么生词的意思可能与前面的内容相反；如果是 “and”“also” 等并列词，生词的意思可能与相邻词汇相近。 · 利用构词法：对于一些有词根、词缀的单词，可以通过分析其词根、词缀来猜测大致意思。例如，“un -” 这个前缀通常表示否定，“pre - ” 表示 “在…… 之前”。但要注意，有些词缀在不同的单词中有不同的意思，而且有些单词不能单纯依靠构词法来准确猜测。 · 代入验证：将猜测的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语境。如果代入后句子通顺，并且与文章的主题、情节等相符，那么这个猜测很可能是正确的。 一般来说，词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法、对比法、因果法、常识联想法、例举法、语境线索法、构词法等。猜词题可以使用以下口决： 1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好； 2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持； 3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑，上下求索寻真义。 · 命题方式 【常见考法】词义猜测题经常使用的提问方式有： 1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means ________. 2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _______. 3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____． 5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ____． 题型01 定义法 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过or, that is, that is to say, namely, in other words等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify (意味，表明)等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 British Paralympic bronze medalist John McFall carried the Paralympic flag at the opening ceremony of the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games. He was one of only two flag bearers to represent the whole Paralympic Games, rather than a specific country. ............... After undergoing strict testing, he passed all the evaluations, proving that an astronaut with a disability like his could successfully operate in space, Wired magazine reported. Although he has been referred to as a “parastronaut”, McFall prefers to be seen simply as a normal crew member. McFall hopes his experience, along with those 4,000 athletes at the Paris Paralympic Games, can send an encouraging message to others facing any kind of life-changing circumstances. 10．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 4? A．entrances B．examinations C．questions D．tracks 题型02 对比法 利用前后对比来猜测词义。转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和“unlike”, “in spite of”, “on the contrary”, “on the other hand”, “however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而as, like, just as also等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。这些都是我们解决猜词的标识词语。 For many people, the cruelest part of daily life is the transition between wakefulness and sleep. When you should be sleeping, you want to be awake; when you should be awake, you want to stay asleep. It is easy to regard sleep as a torment: hard to attain and then hard to give up, day after day after day. It is no fresh news to most people that adequate sleep improves well-being. One recent study of more than 30,000 U. K. residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about the same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of therapy, or from winning up to $280,000 in a lottery. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. Sleep insufficiency, however, lowers happiness by weakening emotional-memory recall and encouraging a scarcity mindset, pitting people against others. ......... 32. What does the underlined word “torment” mean? A. Consciousness. B. Suffering. C. Refreshment. D. Amusement. 题型03 因果法 因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系，一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。 常见的表示因果关系的词汇：since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that..., so that, such ... that等。 For decades, “simpler is better” has been accepted as a universal truth in marketing. Nick Light, assistant professor of marketing at the UO Lundquist College of Business, has tested that assumption. He found that most consumers prefer offerings that appear to be easy to use and understand. However, pushing simplicity can have a hidden, costly downside. “Simplicity is not a silver bullet,” Light said. This method might work for established companies with track records to back up their claims. But it can be risky for a start-up with no history or a company in a complicated market category where failures or breakdowns are more common. ......... 12. What does the underlined words “a silver bullet” in paragraph 2 mean? A. A risky investment. B. A business strategy. C. A quick-fix method. D. A cure-all solution. 题型04 常识联想法 在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。阅读题文段题材丰富，涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。 Children are taught that the polite thing to do is always say “please”. Today’s babies are even taught it using sign language. But how often do you really say “please” in everyday conversations? A new research published in Social Psychology Quarterly found people used the word “please” when making a request only 7% of the time. “We definitely were surprised by the results,” says Tanya Stivers, a professor of sociology at University of California at Los Angeles and one of the authors of the study. “Having such a low number feels counterintuitive.” ........ 12. What does the underlined word “counterintuitive” in paragraph 2 mean? A. The same as the fact. B. Contrary to common sense. C. Reasonable to accept. D. Difficult to disagree with. 题型05例举法 通过一些例子说明生词的词义, 用such as, for example, like, for instance等来引出。在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或范畴的词语来表达其思想，如果有一生词就在一系列同范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。 Maria is a 10-year-old elementary school student who comes home with ringing in her ears — a sign of hearing loss — after attending a program in her school hall. There are “Marias” in every school in the US. Twenty percent of American kids will suffer permanent hearing loss due to noise by the age of nineteen. Actually noise－induced (噪音诱发的) hearing loss (NIHL) is an epidemic in the US. Now nationwide there are about fifty million people suffering it. Each of us has approximately 18,000 tiny hair cells in our inner ears that transmit (传输) sound via the auditory nerve (听觉神经) to our brains. When exposed to dangerously loud sound, some of these hair cells become damaged and die. This is usually pain-free and often happens so gradually that we are not aware of our hearing loss. Then one day, we wake up and find that we have severely and permanently damaged our ability to hear. ........... 1．What does the author mean by saying “There are ‘Marias’ in every school in the US”？ A．Many girls attend programs run by US schools. B．Maria is a commonly used name in the country. C．Permanent hearing loss is common in US schools. D．Permanent hearing loss is hard to avoid in US schools. 题型06语境线索法 根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。 这类题型包括文化语境线索、语境标记线索和词汇语境线索。语言标记中的标点符号逗号、分号、破折号、括号，甚至还包括句号，对语境线索的提示作用和句子间的关联作用很重要。 Glass is referred to as a material which can infinitely be recycled without it impacting its quality, purity or durability. Recycled glass can be crushed into glass pieces, which can be melted down and used to produce more glass. Glass used for packaging has a high recycling rate compared to other packaging materials. In Europe, the average glass recycling rate is 76%, compared to 41% for plastic packaging and 31% for wooden packaging. When glass is left in the natural environment, it is less likely to cause pollution than plastic. Unlike plastics, which break down into microplastics that can get into soils and water, glass is non-toxic. “Glass is mainly made of silica, which is a natural substance,” says Franziska Trautmann, the co-founder of Glass Half Full, a New Orleans-based company that recycles glass into sand that can be used for coastal restoration and disaster relief. Silica, also known as silica dioxide, makes up 59% of the Earth’s crust. Since it is a natural compound, there is no concern about environmental degradation. .......... 29. What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean? A. Damage. B. Conservation. C. Assessment. D. Transformation. 题型07构词法 在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。 中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有： super-超;过于 inter-互相;在…之间 micro-极微小的 re-再, 反复 sub-次于..., 在…底下 co-共同 post- (在…之)后 pre- (在…之)前 trans-超越；转换 under-在之…下；低于； anti-反；防(止) mis-不；非 un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无 non-不；非 Sino-中国(人)的 -able可被…的 -hood状态；性质；时期 -ish如…的；有点儿…的 -proof防…的； 抗…的 -ship身份；资格；权力； -some引起…的;产生…的 -wards向 -less不能…的；无…的 It’s tough enough to be a woman traveling alone, but one mom was especially nervous about taking a trip with her one-year-old. How would she manage in a strange place without her usual support network? What about the dangers of solo (单独的) travel? These were definitely reasonable concerns, but this mom found that people are sometimes kinder than you expect them to be. In a video on social media, the woman recounted the many strangers who helped her while she was traveling alone. Keeping a toddler entertained during a long trip can be a challenge, so the mom was relieved when other travelers played with her son. One elderly man even held the little boy on his lap so that he could see out the window! Obviously, the biggest concern for a woman traveling alone is safety. Luckily, this mom encountered some really sweet people who were happy to look out for her and her son. An Uber driver, for example, didn’t want these two to be stuck at the station late at night, so he let them stay in his car until their train arrived. .......... 5. What does the underlined word “recounted” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Identified. B. Described. C. Impressed. D. Satisfied. （2025年浦东新区一模） In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drove home the severity of what was happening around us. My young daughter held me tightly saying over and over, “I’m scared.” 37. What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A. The family realized the pleasure of playing with LEGOs. B. The family decided to stay in the house despite the danger. C. The family felt alarmed at the sight of the tree crashing down. D. The family became more at ease about the situation at that time. （2025年浦东新区一模） In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drove home the severity of what was happening around us. My young daughter held me tightly saying over and over, “I’m scared.” 37. What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A. The family realized the pleasure of playing with LEGOs. B. The family decided to stay in the house despite the danger. C. The family felt alarmed at the sight of the tree crashing down. D. The family became more at ease about the situation at that time. （2025年闵行一模） Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills. And here's the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion. Park thought, “I can do better than this.” So, she pictured a new kind of store —— one that wouldn't just reduce waste but would also inspire people to make smarter, greener choices. 37. The phrase “the kicker” in paragraph 2 most likely means________. A. the person kicking the football B. something unexpected and surprising C. the most exciting part of the situation D. the reason why fast fashion is successful （2025年嘉定一模） I slid into the car, a bit triumphant. The roads looked fine, I thought, barely an inch of snow, I started the car and pulled out of the driveway, feeling a surge of independence. But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and f was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank. 37. What does the word “triumphant” (paragraph 5) most likely mean? A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful. （2025年长宁一模） We often picture today’s teens as social-media addicts. They stare at their phones 24/7 and lash out when they can’t have their WeChat fix. But the truth is more complicated: While they depend on social media to keep up with friends, it does have a tendency to make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they know it. 36. The expression “lash out” (paragraph 1) can be best replaced by ________. A. take on B. break away C. pass off D. blow up （2025年徐汇一模） Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why? Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. 36. As used in paragraph 1, the word “drawback” most nearly means “_________”. A. disadvantage B. benefit C. virtue D. withdrawal （2025年徐汇一模） Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why? Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. 36. As used in paragraph 1, the word “drawback” most nearly means “_________”. A. disadvantage B. benefit C. virtue D. withdrawal （2025年静安一模） Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. （2025年奉贤一模） Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. 38. The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. mystery B. symbol C. obstacle D. foundation （2025年崇明一模） The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts. 44. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____. A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy B. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050 C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming D. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts （2025年金山一模） Jennifer Blackburn is a 49-year-old who has followed decades of trying different diets and medications and finding little success. In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has become synonymous with celebrity weight loss. The effect is life-changing. 43. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase in paragraph 1? A. be keen on B. be equivalent to C. be suitable for D. be familiar with （2025年虹口一模） But trade-offs exist. Given people’s anxiety about math and level of mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when communicating these kinds of details. In past research, it was found that people find numbers helpful, so long as there aren’t too many of them. No hard-and-fast rule suggests how many is too many-it depends on the complexity of the topic, people’s familiarity with the subject and their overall numeracy. Communicators therefore need to know and attend to their audience: if a speaker sees someone looking bored, for example, it’s a sign to back off on the numbers. 44. Which of the following best fits the description of “trade-offs” (paragraph 4)? A. Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter. B. People find the subject being talked about unfamiliar. C. It takes time to confirm the precision of all numbers. D. People tend to hold more debates about the topic （2025年青浦一模） Special Offers & Promotions If you have a promotion code, simply enter it in the corresponding field at the Shopping Bag page or Order Review page. Only one code can be entered per order unless specified otherwise; codes cannot be applied to prior purchases, minimum order total requirements (excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges) must be met for each order, and the code must not be past due. All offers are subject to change or cancellation without notice. Promotions do not apply to the purchase of Museum Admission, Museum Memberships, Met Custom Prints, donations, prior purchases, clearance products, or select items, including fine jewelry, and unless specified otherwise, cannot be combined with other offers or discounts, except a Member discount. 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Clearance, Sale, and Special Values Savings off original, regular, and/or already-reduced prices. Clearance items are not qualified for Member discount, sitewide promotions, discounts, and/or other offers. All clearance merchandise is final sale and cannot be returned or exchanged. Your purchase supports The Met’s collection, study, conservation, and presentation of 5,000 years of art. 40. According to “Special Offers & Promotions”, if you have a promotion code, you can ______. A. enjoy a Member discount B. get free gift wrap C. ask for shopping bag D. cancel previous orders 41. The underlined word “incur” in “Shipping Offers” section is closest in meaning to “______”. A. reduce B. insure C. cause D. spare 42. According to the passage, which of the following services can customers enjoy? A. They can return and exchange some clearance products. B. They can be sure to get the same free gift for each order they place. C. They can have discounted or free standard shipping to any U.S. addresses. D. They can enjoy some discounted products when buying the required number of items. （2025年松江一模） After a long journey, I finally got to the hospital. Lying on the examination table while facing the painfully bright ceiling lights, I fidgeted, desperately trying to ignore the upsetting part of the situation. I attempted to focus on staying warm in the cold room, but what happened days ago kept running through my head — the intense pain, the overpowering fear, and the panicky steps in the Emergency Room. I was told I had broken a backbone. I now smiled recalling the innocence of my response: “Do I have to wear a support when I play football? ” I had waited for three months to find out whether I could play football again, but the thought of waiting another five minutes seemed impossible. Then Dr. Pittinger entered. He was friendly, but noticeably uncomfortable, almost sad. He told me that I would never be able to play football again. The realization sank in immediately. I wasn’t surprised, or at least I shouldn’t have been, but that didn’t make the order any easier. I refused to accept the idea, and for months I continued to exercise. I worked out from five to six every morning. Though I was ashamed to wear the support, I wore it devotedly, with some false hope that the more I wore it, the quicker and better it would heal the backbone. I was determined to play again. The fact is that, just as the doctor ordered, I never played another quarter of football. After nights of coming home from exercising, barely able to walk, I finally gave in. For a while, giving up felt like an admitting of defeat rather than the acceptance of a truth that should have been painfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decisions I have made and will have to make, life would go on. Rather than stick to the undeniably unattainable, I understood though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless others to make in its place. And by the way, I’m a five-star football coach now. 36. The word “fidgeted” in paragraph 1 most probably means “________”. A. felt terribly bored. B. lay quietly and calmly. C. was extremely grateful. D. made slight, anxious movements. 37. The underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicates the writer’s ________. A. slow but steady recovery. B. eagerness to get the doctor’s answer. C. frequent visits to the hospital. D. emotional change after the accident. 38. What did the writer give up in the end? A. Trusting the doctor. B. Exercising in the gym. C. Focusing on the impossible. D. Putting everything in place. 39. What’s the message mainly conveyed in the passage? A. Ignoring failures is the key to a fulfilling life. B. There are two ways for everyone to live his life. C. Some people in the world live with physical pain. D. We should accept life as it is and live to the fullest. （2025年宝山一模） World Hunger Day is about celebrating solutions that keep people from suffering or dying due to lack of food. Read about some causes and also some of the efforts being made to stop this worldwide problem. Why, in a world where we technically produce enough food to feed everyone, do millions of people go to bed hungry each night? The statistics are tragic, and such a contradiction should have no place in our modern world. The UN's second sustainability goal, "Zero Hunger," is an ambitious plan to end hunger in the world by 2030. However, the global scale of the hunger staggers the imagination, and it's getting worse. According to World Vision, as many as 828 million people, or 10% of the global population, are suffering from food insecurity. What are the driving forces behind this stubborn blight (疫病) of hunger? Armed conflict is one. It forces people from their homes, ruins economies and turns millions of people into refugees who become reliant on aid, and luck, for their daily needs. Extreme weather events - like droughts, flooding, hurricanes and cyclones - also drive world hunger by destroying homes and making farmland unusable. Finally, around 30 percent of the world's food is lost or wasted annually. Food loss occurs when food is damaged or spoiled while moving through the supply chain. Food waste happens when individuals, supermarkets or restaurants buy more food than they need and throw away the excess (超过). World Hunger Day, which is today, isn't just about bad news. Founded in 2011 by The Hunger Project, World Hunger Day is also about celebrating solutions that will eliminate starvation. In Africa, The Hunger Project has been working to encourage more sustainable and efficient farming methods. For example, by diversifying their crops, farmers will have healthier soil. Furthermore, since farmers need access to safe, clean water, The Hunger Project teaches people how to monitor, maintain and repair water systems such as water pumps. The UN World Food Programme aids farmers by helping them connect to local economies, improve production methods and reduce crop losses. And, for women who are pregnant or nursing and for children, they provide special foods like nutrient-rich peanut paste. So what can you do to help root out world hunger? Aside from striving to reduce your food waste, keep educating yourself and others about the issue. Look for opportunities to feed the hungry in your own communities. There are some fantastic organizations such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly organize and coordinate events to help orphans and feed the hungry. Each step, each choice, each voice can help make hunger a thing of the past. 43. The word stagger in the third paragraph most probably means ______. A. shock B. improve C. restrict D. affect 44. The purpose of the passage is ______. A. to objectively analyze the reasons of starvation B. to seriously warn people of the starvation C. to encourage people to fight against hunger D. to think highly of the effort to try to get rid of hunger 45. What can we infer from the passage? A. Hunger will become a thing of the past. B. Starvation exists mainly in Africa. C. People who need food may get it around themselves. D. It is impossible to get rid of starvation in the world. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Cause of Starvation B. The March toward Zero Hunger C. The Solution to Starvation D. The Consequence of Hunger 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解词义猜测题 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 题型01 定义法猜词义题 3 题型02 对比法猜词义题 4 题型03 因果法猜词义题 5 题型04 常识联想法猜词义题 6 题型05 例举法猜词义题 7 题型06 语境线索法猜词义题 8 题型07 根据构词法知识猜词义题 9 高考练场 11 变式演练 16 · 题型简介 · 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。在阅读过程中，考生难免会遇到一些生词或具有特殊含义的词汇，这种题型就是检验考生能否通过文章的线索和逻辑关系来理解这些词汇的真实意思。它不仅要求考生有一定的词汇量，还需要具备较强的语境理解能力。高考英语对于词义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题。 · 该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。 · 命题类型 · 猜测单词的意思：这是最常见的类型，文章中出现一个生词，要求考生根据上下文来猜测其含义。例如，在描述一种新的科学技术的文章中，出现了一个专业术语，通过对该技术的原理、应用场景等周边信息的描述来猜测这个专业术语的意思。 · 猜测短语的意思：一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简单相加。比如，“a far - cry from” 这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能是 “与…… 大不相同” 的意思，而不是从字面理解的 “从远处哭泣”。 · 猜测句子的含义：要求考生理解一个句子的隐含意义。这个句子可能是含有隐喻、象征等修辞手法，或者是在特定的文化、技术等语境下具有特殊的含义。例如，“The new policy is the light at the end of the tunnel for the struggling company.” 这里的句子意思不是简单的字面意思，而是表示 “新政策是这家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。 · 解题思路 · 利用上下文语境：这是最关键的方法。通过观察生词所在句子的前后文，寻找解释、定义、举例、对比、因果等线索。例如，如果句子中有 “that is”“in other words”“namely” 等词，后面的内容很可能是对生词的解释；如果有 “such as”“for example”，则后面的例子可以帮助我们理解生词的含义。 · 利用逻辑关系：注意文章中的转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系。如果出现 “but”“however” 等转折词，那么生词的意思可能与前面的内容相反；如果是 “and”“also” 等并列词，生词的意思可能与相邻词汇相近。 · 利用构词法：对于一些有词根、词缀的单词，可以通过分析其词根、词缀来猜测大致意思。例如，“un -” 这个前缀通常表示否定，“pre - ” 表示 “在…… 之前”。但要注意，有些词缀在不同的单词中有不同的意思，而且有些单词不能单纯依靠构词法来准确猜测。 · 代入验证：将猜测的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语境。如果代入后句子通顺，并且与文章的主题、情节等相符，那么这个猜测很可能是正确的。 一般来说，词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法、对比法、因果法、常识联想法、例举法、语境线索法、构词法等。猜词题可以使用以下口决： 1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好； 2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持； 3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑，上下求索寻真义。 · 命题方式 【常见考法】词义猜测题经常使用的提问方式有： 1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means ________. 2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _______. 3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____． 5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ____． 题型01 定义法 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过or, that is, that is to say, namely, in other words等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify (意味，表明)等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 解这类题时，学生要学会分析句子结构，把握句子的主干部分，利用好一些标识词，然后做出恰当的猜测。 British Paralympic bronze medalist John McFall carried the Paralympic flag at the opening ceremony of the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games. He was one of only two flag bearers to represent the whole Paralympic Games, rather than a specific country. ............... After undergoing strict testing, he passed all the evaluations, proving that an astronaut with a disability like his could successfully operate in space, Wired magazine reported. Although he has been referred to as a “parastronaut”, McFall prefers to be seen simply as a normal crew member. McFall hopes his experience, along with those 4,000 athletes at the Paris Paralympic Games, can send an encouraging message to others facing any kind of life-changing circumstances. 10．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 4? A．entrances B．examinations C．questions D．tracks 【答案】 10．B 【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述残奥会铜牌得主McFaⅡ将要成为第一个登上太空的残疾宇航员的故事。 10．词义判断题。根据第四段“After undergoing strict testing, he passed all the …(经过严格的测试后，他通过了所有的……)”，可知，上文说的是严格的测试，与选项中examinations的意思接近。故选B。 题型02 对比法 利用前后对比来猜测词义。转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和“unlike”, “in spite of”, “on the contrary”, “on the other hand”, “however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而as, like, just as also等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。这些都是我们解决猜词的标识词语。 看准标识词，弄清楚它们的意思，再通过上下文进行猜测。有些是表示相似的标识词，有些是表示相反的标识词。 For many people, the cruelest part of daily life is the transition between wakefulness and sleep. When you should be sleeping, you want to be awake; when you should be awake, you want to stay asleep. It is easy to regard sleep as a torment: hard to attain and then hard to give up, day after day after day. It is no fresh news to most people that adequate sleep improves well-being. One recent study of more than 30,000 U. K. residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about the same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of therapy, or from winning up to $280,000 in a lottery. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. Sleep insufficiency, however, lowers happiness by weakening emotional-memory recall and encouraging a scarcity mindset, pitting people against others. ......... 32. What does the underlined word “torment” mean? A. Consciousness. B. Suffering. C. Refreshment. D. Amusement. 【答案】32. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了睡眠不足带来的影响以及“睡前拖延症”的成因。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。由第一段中“When you should be sleeping, you want to be awake; when you should be awake, you want to stay asleep. It is easy to regard sleep as a torment: hard to attain and then hard to give up, day after day after day. (当你应该睡觉的时候，你想醒着；当你应该醒着的时候，你想保持睡眠。人们很容易将睡眠视为一种torment：难以获得，然后难以放弃，日复一日)”可知，日复一日，难以企及，也难以放弃，所以人们很容易将睡眠视为一种折磨，torment的意思是“折磨”，即suffering。故选B项。 题型03 因果法 因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系，一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。 常见的表示因果关系的词汇：since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that..., so that, such ... that等。 在做这类题时，根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思，既可由因推果，也可由果推因。 For decades, “simpler is better” has been accepted as a universal truth in marketing. Nick Light, assistant professor of marketing at the UO Lundquist College of Business, has tested that assumption. He found that most consumers prefer offerings that appear to be easy to use and understand. However, pushing simplicity can have a hidden, costly downside. “Simplicity is not a silver bullet,” Light said. This method might work for established companies with track records to back up their claims. But it can be risky for a start-up with no history or a company in a complicated market category where failures or breakdowns are more common. ......... 12. What does the underlined words “a silver bullet” in paragraph 2 mean? A. A risky investment. B. A business strategy. C. A quick-fix method. D. A cure-all solution. 【答案】12. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了品牌过度简化可能带来的负面影响和消费者的反应。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Simplicity is not (简化不是)”，以及“But it can be risky for a start-up with no history or a company in a complicated market category where failures or breakdowns are more common. (但对于没有历史的初创企业或处于复杂市场类别，失败或故障的公司来说，这可能存在风险)”可知，这里simplicity并不是一个能解决所有问题的方案，因此a silver bullet指的是cure-all solution“万能药”。故选D。 题型04 常识联想法 在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。阅读题文段题材丰富，涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。 解此类阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。 Children are taught that the polite thing to do is always say “please”. Today’s babies are even taught it using sign language. But how often do you really say “please” in everyday conversations? A new research published in Social Psychology Quarterly found people used the word “please” when making a request only 7% of the time. “We definitely were surprised by the results,” says Tanya Stivers, a professor of sociology at University of California at Los Angeles and one of the authors of the study. “Having such a low number feels counterintuitive.” ........ 12. What does the underlined word “counterintuitive” in paragraph 2 mean? A. The same as the fact. B. Contrary to common sense. C. Reasonable to accept. D. Difficult to disagree with. 【答案】12. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于“please”在日常请求中使用情况的研究，介绍了研究结果、原因以及专家对此的看法和建议。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。结合第一段中关于人们使用“please”一词的频率的研究数据和第二段中“We definitely were surprised by the results(我们对结果感到惊讶)”以及“Having such a low number feels counterintuitive. (有这么低的数字感觉是_____。)”可知，人们对“please”在日常请求中的使用频率之低感到惊讶，这与人们的普遍预期或直觉是相反的。故划线词counterintuitive意为“与直觉相反的，违反常理的”，与B项Contrary to common sense(与常识相反)意思相近。故选B项。 题型05例举法 通过一些例子说明生词的词义, 用such as, for example, like, for instance等来引出。在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或范畴的词语来表达其思想，如果有一生词就在一系列同范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。 解决这类题时，学生要看准表示举例的标识词，除了前面提到的外，还可能有i.e., that is, that is to say等。 Maria is a 10-year-old elementary school student who comes home with ringing in her ears — a sign of hearing loss — after attending a program in her school hall. There are “Marias” in every school in the US. Twenty percent of American kids will suffer permanent hearing loss due to noise by the age of nineteen. Actually noise－induced (噪音诱发的) hearing loss (NIHL) is an epidemic in the US. Now nationwide there are about fifty million people suffering it. Each of us has approximately 18,000 tiny hair cells in our inner ears that transmit (传输) sound via the auditory nerve (听觉神经) to our brains. When exposed to dangerously loud sound, some of these hair cells become damaged and die. This is usually pain-free and often happens so gradually that we are not aware of our hearing loss. Then one day, we wake up and find that we have severely and permanently damaged our ability to hear. ........... 1．What does the author mean by saying “There are ‘Marias’ in every school in the US”？ A．Many girls attend programs run by US schools. B．Maria is a commonly used name in the country. C．Permanent hearing loss is common in US schools. D．Permanent hearing loss is hard to avoid in US schools. 【答案】1．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是噪音诱发的听力损失在美国学生中的普遍现象及其严重性，强调预防措施的重要性以保护听力。 1．句意猜测题。根据第一段“Twenty percent of American kids will suffer permanent hearing loss due to noise by the age of nineteen. Actually noise-induced (噪音诱发的) hearing loss (NIHL) is an epidemic in the US. Now nationwide there are about fifty million people suffering it.(到19岁时，20%的美国儿童将因噪音而遭受永久性听力损失。实际上，噪音引起的听力损失（NIHL）在美国是一种流行病。现在全国大约有5000万人患有此病)”可知，作者的意思是“听力永久性受损在美国学校里很普遍”。故选C。 题型06语境线索法 根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。 这类题型包括文化语境线索、语境标记线索和词汇语境线索。语言标记中的标点符号逗号、分号、破折号、括号，甚至还包括句号，对语境线索的提示作用和句子间的关联作用很重要。 Glass is referred to as a material which can infinitely be recycled without it impacting its quality, purity or durability. Recycled glass can be crushed into glass pieces, which can be melted down and used to produce more glass. Glass used for packaging has a high recycling rate compared to other packaging materials. In Europe, the average glass recycling rate is 76%, compared to 41% for plastic packaging and 31% for wooden packaging. When glass is left in the natural environment, it is less likely to cause pollution than plastic. Unlike plastics, which break down into microplastics that can get into soils and water, glass is non-toxic. “Glass is mainly made of silica, which is a natural substance,” says Franziska Trautmann, the co-founder of Glass Half Full, a New Orleans-based company that recycles glass into sand that can be used for coastal restoration and disaster relief. Silica, also known as silica dioxide, makes up 59% of the Earth’s crust. Since it is a natural compound, there is no concern about environmental degradation. .......... 29. What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean? A. Damage. B. Conservation. C. Assessment. D. Transformation. 【答案】 29. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玻璃的无限可回收性、对环境的影响及节能再利用的重要性。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的““Glass is mainly made of silica, which is a natural substance,” says Franziska Trautmann, the co-founder of Glass Half Full, a New Orleans-based company that recycles glass into sand that can be used for coastal restoration and disaster relief. (“玻璃主要由二氧化硅制成，这是一种天然物质，”新奥尔良公司Glass Half Full的联合创始人Franziska Trautmann说。该公司将玻璃回收成沙子，可用于海岸修复和救灾。)”和“Since it is a natural compound, there is no concern about environmental degradation. (由于它是一种天然化合物，因此无需担心其会造成环境的degradation。)”可知，玻璃主要是由二氧化硅（一种天然物质）制成的，因此不用担心破坏环境。degradation的意思是“破坏”。此处应该是指不用担心环境受到损害，A. Damage损坏，破坏；B. Conservation保护；C. Assessment评估；D. Transformation转型。故选A。 题型07构词法 在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。 中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有： super-超;过于 inter-互相;在…之间 micro-极微小的 re-再, 反复 sub-次于..., 在…底下 co-共同 post- (在…之)后 pre- (在…之)前 trans-超越；转换 under-在之…下；低于； anti-反；防(止) mis-不；非 un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无 non-不；非 Sino-中国(人)的 -able可被…的 -hood状态；性质；时期 -ish如…的；有点儿…的 -proof防…的； 抗…的 -ship身份；资格；权力； -some引起…的;产生…的 -wards向 -less不能…的；无…的 学生应该尽可能多记一些前后缀，不要混淆。还有一些常见的前缀或后缀，比如un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无，都可以表示否定，则应该重点记住高中阶段学过的一些词。 It’s tough enough to be a woman traveling alone, but one mom was especially nervous about taking a trip with her one-year-old. How would she manage in a strange place without her usual support network? What about the dangers of solo (单独的) travel? These were definitely reasonable concerns, but this mom found that people are sometimes kinder than you expect them to be. In a video on social media, the woman recounted the many strangers who helped her while she was traveling alone. Keeping a toddler entertained during a long trip can be a challenge, so the mom was relieved when other travelers played with her son. One elderly man even held the little boy on his lap so that he could see out the window! Obviously, the biggest concern for a woman traveling alone is safety. Luckily, this mom encountered some really sweet people who were happy to look out for her and her son. An Uber driver, for example, didn’t want these two to be stuck at the station late at night, so he let them stay in his car until their train arrived. .......... 5. What does the underlined word “recounted” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Identified. B. Described. C. Impressed. D. Satisfied. 【答案】 5. B 【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位独自旅行的母亲和她一岁孩子的经历，来展示人们在旅途中的善良和帮助。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句话“Keeping a toddler entertained during a long trip can be a challenge, so the mom was relieved when other travelers played with her son.(在长途旅行中让一个小孩始终觉有趣是一个挑战，所以当其他旅行者和儿子玩耍时，这位妈妈感到松了一口气。)”以及第四句“One elderly man even held the little boy on his lap so that he could see out the window! (甚至有位老人把小男孩抱到自己的腿上，这样他就能透过窗户看到外面了！)”可知，这都是这位妈妈在讲述她受他人帮助的经历。所以该词的意思应指讲述。故选B项。 （2025年浦东新区一模） In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drove home the severity of what was happening around us. My young daughter held me tightly saying over and over, “I’m scared.” 37. What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A. The family realized the pleasure of playing with LEGOs. B. The family decided to stay in the house despite the danger. C. The family felt alarmed at the sight of the tree crashing down. D. The family became more at ease about the situation at that time. 【答案】 37. C 【37 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文 “In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed” 可知，在看似最糟糕的情况已经过去的时候，一棵大松树却砸在了儿子卧室上方的屋顶上，尽管儿子没受伤，但这件事让一家人清楚地意识到周围情况的严重性，感到惊恐不安。所以该句意思是这家人看到树倒下时感到惊恐。故选 C。 （2025年浦东新区一模） In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drove home the severity of what was happening around us. My young daughter held me tightly saying over and over, “I’m scared.” 37. What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A. The family realized the pleasure of playing with LEGOs. B. The family decided to stay in the house despite the danger. C. The family felt alarmed at the sight of the tree crashing down. D. The family became more at ease about the situation at that time. 【答案】 37. C 【37 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文 “In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed” 可知，在看似最糟糕的情况已经过去的时候，一棵大松树却砸在了儿子卧室上方的屋顶上，尽管儿子没受伤，但这件事让一家人清楚地意识到周围情况的严重性，感到惊恐不安。所以该句意思是这家人看到树倒下时感到惊恐。故选 C。 （2025年闵行一模） Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills. And here's the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion. Park thought, “I can do better than this.” So, she pictured a new kind of store —— one that wouldn't just reduce waste but would also inspire people to make smarter, greener choices. 37. The phrase “the kicker” in paragraph 2 most likely means________. A. the person kicking the football B. something unexpected and surprising C. the most exciting part of the situation D. the reason why fast fashion is successful 【答案】 37. B 【37 题详解】 词义猜测题。前文提到 “Every year, millions of tons of clothing are thrown aside, with almost half of it ending up in landfills.”（每年数百万吨衣服被丢弃，近一半最终进入垃圾填埋场），接着说 “the kicker: most of it barely gets worn before it's thrown away, thanks to the endless cycle of fast fashion.”，大多数衣服在几乎没怎么穿就被扔掉，这一情况在 “每年大量衣服被丢弃” 的基础上，是更令人意想不到和惊讶的。所以 “the kicker” 意思是意想不到且令人惊讶的事，答案选 B。 （2025年嘉定一模） I slid into the car, a bit triumphant. The roads looked fine, I thought, barely an inch of snow, I started the car and pulled out of the driveway, feeling a surge of independence. But as I made my way through the neighborhood, the slippery roads tested my confidence. One sharp turn later, and f was in trouble — the car started to skid. I tried to slow down, but it was too late. The car slid right into a snowbank. 37. What does the word “triumphant” (paragraph 5) most likely mean? A. Amused. B. Proud. C. Embarrassed. D. Regretful. 【答案】37. B 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“After a few heated words, he sighed and handed me the keys. ‘Fine, but be careful,’ he said.(激烈地说了几句之后，他叹了口气，把钥匙递给了我。‘很好，但要小心，’他说。)”可知，激烈争辩后父亲让步，故作者应是有些得意。故划线词意思是“得意的”。故选B。 （2025年长宁一模） We often picture today’s teens as social-media addicts. They stare at their phones 24/7 and lash out when they can’t have their WeChat fix. But the truth is more complicated: While they depend on social media to keep up with friends, it does have a tendency to make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they know it. 36. The expression “lash out” (paragraph 1) can be best replaced by ________. A. take on B. break away C. pass off D. blow up 【答案】36. D 【36题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“We often picture today’s teens as social-media addicts. They stare at their phones 24/7 (我们经常把今天的青少年描绘成社交媒体成瘾者。他们全天候盯着手机) ”以及“when they can’t have their WeChat fix lash out(当他们不能安装微信时)”可知，青少年经常使用手机，如果不能安装微信，就会很生气，所以“lash out”的意思应该是“生气”。A项“take on(承担)”，B项“breakaway(脱离)”，C项“pass off(停止)”，D项“blow up(爆炸)”。结合选项可知，D项“blow up(爆炸，生气)”符合题意，故答案为D。 （2025年徐汇一模） Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why? Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. 36. As used in paragraph 1, the word “drawback” most nearly means “_________”. A. disadvantage B. benefit C. virtue D. withdrawal 【答案】36. A 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. (Zach被Caroline吸引，会给她递纸条、讲笑话来吸引她的注意，从而分散她学习的注意力。总的来说，作为Robbins家族的一员很不错，但是不得不坐在Zach前面绝对是一个drawback)”可知，Zach分散她学习的注意力，坐在Zach前面绝对是一个不利条件或缺点。drawback在此处的意思是“不利条件，缺点”。A. disadvantage缺点，不利条件；B. benefit好处；C. virtue美德；D. withdrawal撤回。故选A。 （2025年徐汇一模） Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why? Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. 36. As used in paragraph 1, the word “drawback” most nearly means “_________”. A. disadvantage B. benefit C. virtue D. withdrawal 【答案】36. A 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. (Zach被Caroline吸引，会给她递纸条、讲笑话来吸引她的注意，从而分散她学习的注意力。总的来说，作为Robbins家族的一员很不错，但是不得不坐在Zach前面绝对是一个drawback)”可知，Zach分散她学习的注意力，坐在Zach前面绝对是一个不利条件或缺点。drawback在此处的意思是“不利条件，缺点”。A. disadvantage缺点，不利条件；B. benefit好处；C. virtue美德；D. withdrawal撤回。故选A。 （2025年静安一模） Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert. 【答案】 38. C 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Although not the cure — all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草 率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______ 做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。 （2025年奉贤一模） Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. 38. The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. mystery B. symbol C. obstacle D. foundation 【答案】 38. D 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry.(它标志着神奇化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始)”以及后文“in the field of science”可知，磷的发现标志着神奇化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始，说明是科学领域的基础。故划线词cornerstone意思是“基础”，与foundation意思相近。故选D。 （2025年崇明一模） The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts. 44. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____. A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy B. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050 C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming D. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts 【答案】 44. A 44. 词义猜测题：根据第三段 “nations within the tropical regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher - income, higher - emission countries” 可知，“a disconcerting disparity” 指的是对排放责任最小的贫穷国家在经济上遭受的损失最大，A 选项正确。B 选项理解错误，不是热带国家人们收入减少 60%，而是遭受的收入损失比高收入、高排放国家大 60%；C 选项和 D 选项文中未提及相关内容。所以答案是 A。 （2025年金山一模） Jennifer Blackburn is a 49-year-old who has followed decades of trying different diets and medications and finding little success. In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has become synonymous with celebrity weight loss. The effect is life-changing. 43. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase in paragraph 1? A. be keen on B. be equivalent to C. be suitable for D. be familiar with 【答案】43. B 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The effect is life-changing.(其效果是改变生活)”以及最后一段“Jennifer Blackburn has lost 16 kilograms (and kept it off). “I feel happier, more confident.” says Black burn, “It’s about much more than size-it’s like the weight is lifted off my shoulders.”(Jennifer Blackburn已经减掉了16公斤（并一直保持着）。“我感到更快乐，更自信。” Blackburn说：“这不仅仅是体型的问题——它就像卸下了我肩上的重担。”)”及倒数第二段“Despite all these, since loads of influencers have cheered their slimming successes on these drugs, it seems everybody wants to try them.(尽管如此，由于许多网红都为他们服用这些药物减肥成功而欢呼，似乎每个人都想尝试它们)”可知，Jennifer Blackburn因为服用Ozempic减掉了16公斤，且许多网红都服用药物成功，这种药物如今已经成为名人减肥的代名词。故划线词意思是“等同于，相当于”。故选B。 （2025年虹口一模） But trade-offs exist. Given people’s anxiety about math and level of mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when communicating these kinds of details. In past research, it was found that people find numbers helpful, so long as there aren’t too many of them. No hard-and-fast rule suggests how many is too many-it depends on the complexity of the topic, people’s familiarity with the subject and their overall numeracy. Communicators therefore need to know and attend to their audience: if a speaker sees someone looking bored, for example, it’s a sign to back off on the numbers. 44. Which of the following best fits the description of “trade-offs” (paragraph 4)? A. Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter. B. People find the subject being talked about unfamiliar. C. It takes time to confirm the precision of all numbers. D. People tend to hold more debates about the topic 【答案】 44. A 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But trade-offs exist. Given people’s anxiety about math and level of mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when communicating these kinds of details.(但存在trade-offs。考虑到人们对数学的焦虑和数学能力水平，在传达这类细节时存在一个上限)”可知，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，会导致存在理解上的困难或限制。trade-offs指的就是在使用数字进行传播时，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，数字会在理解问题上造成了困难。故选A项。 （2025年青浦一模） Special Offers & Promotions If you have a promotion code, simply enter it in the corresponding field at the Shopping Bag page or Order Review page. Only one code can be entered per order unless specified otherwise; codes cannot be applied to prior purchases, minimum order total requirements (excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges) must be met for each order, and the code must not be past due. All offers are subject to change or cancellation without notice. Promotions do not apply to the purchase of Museum Admission, Museum Memberships, Met Custom Prints, donations, prior purchases, clearance products, or select items, including fine jewelry, and unless specified otherwise, cannot be combined with other offers or discounts, except a Member discount. Product Offers For products that advertise a discount when buying a specific number of items (such as for a set of four mugs), you must add the correct quantity to your shopping bag to receive the discount. If you purchase additional units above the discounted quantity, you will be charged the individual item price for those items. Shipping Offers Discounted or free standard shipping is available only to shipping addresses within the lower 48 United States. Orders shipping to US addresses in Hawaii, Alaska, APO/FPO, US Territories, and to all other countries will incur shipping charges. Free Gifts For gifts with purchase promotions, you must add the free gift item to your shopping bag, and then enter the promotion code at checkout (if required). Please note that free gifts will be available while supplies last; comparable items may be substituted. Gifts with purchase promotions are onetime use only, and only one promotion code can be used per order. Clearance, Sale, and Special Values Savings off original, regular, and/or already-reduced prices. Clearance items are not qualified for Member discount, sitewide promotions, discounts, and/or other offers. All clearance merchandise is final sale and cannot be returned or exchanged. Your purchase supports The Met’s collection, study, conservation, and presentation of 5,000 years of art. 40. According to “Special Offers & Promotions”, if you have a promotion code, you can ______. A. enjoy a Member discount B. get free gift wrap C. ask for shopping bag D. cancel previous orders 41. The underlined word “incur” in “Shipping Offers” section is closest in meaning to “______”. A. reduce B. insure C. cause D. spare 42. According to the passage, which of the following services can customers enjoy? A. They can return and exchange some clearance products. B. They can be sure to get the same free gift for each order they place. C. They can have discounted or free standard shipping to any U.S. addresses. D. They can enjoy some discounted products when buying the required number of items. 答案 41.A 42. C 43. D 文章大意 本文是关于商品促销活动的说明，涵盖了促销代码使用规则、各类产品优惠、运费优惠、免费礼品以及清仓商品等方面的信息。促销代码使用有诸多限制，如一次订单仅能用一个（特殊情况除外），不能用于之前的购买等。产品优惠需按规定数量购买才能享受折扣。运费优惠仅适用于美国本土 48 个州。免费礼品需按要求添加到购物袋并输入促销代码（如有要求），且数量有限。清仓商品不享受会员折扣、其他促销优惠，且一经售出，概不退换。 答案解析 40 题 答案：A 解析：根据 “Promotions do not apply to... unless specified otherwise, cannot be combined with other offers or discounts, except a Member discount.” 可知，使用促销代码时，除了会员折扣外，不能与其他优惠或折扣同时使用，所以使用促销代码可以享受会员折扣，A 选项正确。文中未提及使用促销代码能获得免费礼品包装（B 选项）、索要购物袋（C 选项）以及取消之前订单（D 选项），所以这三个选项错误。 41 题 答案：C 解析：“Shipping Offers” 部分提到 “Discounted or free standard shipping is available only to shipping addresses within the lower 48 United States. Orders shipping to US addresses in Hawaii, Alaska, APO/FPO, US Territories, and to all other countries will incur shipping charges.”，前面说美国本土 48 个州有折扣或免费标准运费，后面提到夏威夷、阿拉斯加等地区及其他国家，语境表明这些地区的订单会产生运费，“cause” 有 “导致；引起” 的意思，与 “incur” 意思最接近，即这些地区的订单会 “导致” 运费产生，C 选项正确。A 选项 “reduce” 意为 “减少”，与文意不符；B 选项 “insure” 意为 “确保；给…… 保险”，不符合语境；D 选项 “spare” 意为 “节省；抽出”，也不合适。 42 题 答案：D 解析：从 “Product Offers” 部分 “For products that advertise a discount when buying a specific number of items (such as for a set of four mugs), you must add the correct quantity to your shopping bag to receive the discount.” 可知，当购买特定数量的商品时，顾客可以享受一些折扣产品，D 选项正确。A 选项，根据 “Clearance items are... final sale and cannot be returned or exchanged.” 可知，清仓商品不能退换，A 选项错误；B 选项，“Free Gifts” 部分提到 “Please note that free gifts will be available while supplies last; comparable items may be substituted.”，说明免费礼品数量有限且可能会被替换，不能确保每次下单都能得到相同的免费礼品，B 选项错误；C 选项，“Shipping Offers” 部分明确 “Discounted or free standard shipping is available only to shipping addresses within the lower 48 United States.”，并非所有美国地址都能享受折扣或免费标准运费，C 选项错误。 重点词块 1. promotion code：促销代码 2. corresponding field：相应字段 3. minimum order total：最低订单总额 4. shipping / handling：运费 / 手续费 5. gift wrap charges：礼品包装费用 6. subject to：取决于；视…… 而定 7. sitewide promotion：全站促销 8. comparable item：类似商品 9. substitute：替代；替换 复杂句式 1. Only one code can be entered per order unless specified otherwise; codes cannot be applied to prior purchases, minimum order total requirements (excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges) must be met for each order, and the code must not be past due. 分析：此句由多个并列分句组成。第一个分句 can be entered per “Only one code order unless specified otherwise”，其中 “unless specified otherwise” 为条件状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为 “unless it is specified otherwise”，表示 “除非另有规定”；第二个分句 “codes cannot be applied to prior purchases”；第三个分句 “minimum order total requirements (excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges) must be met for each order”，括号内 “excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges” 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “minimum order total requirements”；第四个分句 “the code must not be past due”。 翻译：除非另有规定，每个订单仅能输入一个代码；代码不能应用于之前的购买，每个订单必须满足最低订单总额要求（不包括税费、运费 / 手续费和礼品包装费用），且代码不得过期。 2. Promotions do not apply to the purchase of Museum Admission, Museum Memberships, Met Custom Prints, donations, prior purchases, clearance products, or select items, including fine jewelry, and unless specified otherwise, cannot be combined with other offers or discounts, except a Member discount. 分析：句子的主体是 “Promotions do not apply to...”，列举了促销不适用于的多种情况，“including fine jewelry” 为现在分词短语作后置定语，对 “select items” 进行举例说明；“and unless specified otherwise, cannot be combined with other offers or discounts, except a Member discount” 中，“and” 连接前后两个并列部分，“unless specified otherwise” 为条件状语从句的省略形式，“except a Member discount” 表示 “除了会员折扣”。 翻译：促销不适用于购买博物馆门票、博物馆会员资格、大都会定制印刷品、捐赠、之前的购买、清仓产品或精选商品，包括精美珠宝，并且除非另有规定，不能与其他优惠或折扣同时使用，但会员折扣除外。 3. For products that advertise a discount when buying a specific number of items (such as for a set of four mugs), you must add the correct quantity to your shopping bag to receive the discount. 分析：“For products that...” 为介词短语作状语，其中 “that advertise a discount when buying a specific number of items” 为定语从句，修饰 “products”，“when buying a specific number of items” 为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为 “when you buy a specific number of items”；主句为 “you must add the correct quantity to your shopping bag to receive the discount”，“to receive the discount” 为动词不定式作目的状语。 翻译：对于那些宣传购买特定数量商品（如一套四个马克杯）可享受折扣的产品，您必须将正确数量的商 （2025年松江一模） After a long journey, I finally got to the hospital. Lying on the examination table while facing the painfully bright ceiling lights, I fidgeted, desperately trying to ignore the upsetting part of the situation. I attempted to focus on staying warm in the cold room, but what happened days ago kept running through my head — the intense pain, the overpowering fear, and the panicky steps in the Emergency Room. I was told I had broken a backbone. I now smiled recalling the innocence of my response: “Do I have to wear a support when I play football? ” I had waited for three months to find out whether I could play football again, but the thought of waiting another five minutes seemed impossible. Then Dr. Pittinger entered. He was friendly, but noticeably uncomfortable, almost sad. He told me that I would never be able to play football again. The realization sank in immediately. I wasn’t surprised, or at least I shouldn’t have been, but that didn’t make the order any easier. I refused to accept the idea, and for months I continued to exercise. I worked out from five to six every morning. Though I was ashamed to wear the support, I wore it devotedly, with some false hope that the more I wore it, the quicker and better it would heal the backbone. I was determined to play again. The fact is that, just as the doctor ordered, I never played another quarter of football. After nights of coming home from exercising, barely able to walk, I finally gave in. For a while, giving up felt like an admitting of defeat rather than the acceptance of a truth that should have been painfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decisions I have made and will have to make, life would go on. Rather than stick to the undeniably unattainable, I understood though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless others to make in its place. And by the way, I’m a five-star football coach now. 36. The word “fidgeted” in paragraph 1 most probably means “________”. A. felt terribly bored. B. lay quietly and calmly. C. was extremely grateful. D. made slight, anxious movements. 37. The underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicates the writer’s ________. A. slow but steady recovery. B. eagerness to get the doctor’s answer. C. frequent visits to the hospital. D. emotional change after the accident. 38. What did the writer give up in the end? A. Trusting the doctor. B. Exercising in the gym. C. Focusing on the impossible. D. Putting everything in place. 39. What’s the message mainly conveyed in the passage? A. Ignoring failures is the key to a fulfilling life. B. There are two ways for everyone to live his life. C. Some people in the world live with physical pain. D. We should accept life as it is and live to the fullest. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者脊柱受伤后被医生告知再也无法踢足球，作者无法接受，坚持戴着支架锻炼，但情况并没有好转，后来作者接受了这一残酷事实，并意识到自己还有许多其他选择，他现在成了一名五星级足球教练。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的“desperately trying to ignore the upsetting part of the situation(拼命地试图忽视这种令人不安的情况)”可知，作者躺在检查台上，感到非常不安，由此可推测出，作者因为焦虑而无所适从，fidgeted意为“坐立不安，手足无措”，与D项“制造轻微的、焦虑的动作”意思一致。故选D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段画线句“I had waited for three months to find out whether I could play football again, but the thought of waiting another five minutes seemed impossible.(为了知道我是否还能再踢足球，我已经等了三个月，但再等五分钟的想法似乎是不可能的。)”和下面的“Then Dr. Pittinger entered. He was friendly, but noticeably uncomfortable, almost sad. He told me that I would never be able to play football again.(然后皮廷格医生走了进来。他很友好，但明显不舒服，几乎很悲伤。他告诉我，我再也不能踢足球了。)”可知，为了知道自己是否能够继续踢足球，作者已经等了三个月了，此刻在医院连五分钟也等不下去了，这时医生进来告诉他不能踢足球了，由此可推测出，作者特别想要知道医生的回答。故选B。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Rather than stick to the undeniably unattainable, I understood though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless others to make in its place.(我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者不再坚持不可能实现的事情，而是决定寻找替代选项，由此可推测出，作者最后不再把注意力放在不可能的事情上。故选C。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“For a while, giving up felt like an admitting of defeat rather than the acceptance of a truth that should have been painfully obvious, but over time, I realized like most difficult decisions I have made and will have to make, life would go on. Rather than stick to the undeniably unattainable, I understood though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless others to make in its place.(有一段时间，放弃感觉像是承认失败，而不是接受一个本应显而易见的事实，但随着时间的推移，我意识到，就像我所做和将要做的最艰难的决定一样，生活仍将继续。我没有坚持不可否认的不可实现的目标，而是明白虽然这个特定的选择不再对我开放，但我还有无数其他选择可以代替它。)”可知，作者脊柱受伤，被诊断出无法再继续踢足球，但作者无法接受这一现实，而是努力锻炼，但最终情况并没有改善，作者意识到生活仍然要继续下去，接受了现状，寻找其他机会，后来成了一名五星级的足球教练。作者虽然不能再踢足球，但作者接受了生活的馈赠，同样活出了精彩，他的故事告诉我们，要接受生活的本来面目，充实地生活。故选D。 （2025年宝山一模） World Hunger Day is about celebrating solutions that keep people from suffering or dying due to lack of food. Read about some causes and also some of the efforts being made to stop this worldwide problem. Why, in a world where we technically produce enough food to feed everyone, do millions of people go to bed hungry each night? The statistics are tragic, and such a contradiction should have no place in our modern world. The UN's second sustainability goal, "Zero Hunger," is an ambitious plan to end hunger in the world by 2030. However, the global scale of the hunger staggers the imagination, and it's getting worse. According to World Vision, as many as 828 million people, or 10% of the global population, are suffering from food insecurity. What are the driving forces behind this stubborn blight (疫病) of hunger? Armed conflict is one. It forces people from their homes, ruins economies and turns millions of people into refugees who become reliant on aid, and luck, for their daily needs. Extreme weather events - like droughts, flooding, hurricanes and cyclones - also drive world hunger by destroying homes and making farmland unusable. Finally, around 30 percent of the world's food is lost or wasted annually. Food loss occurs when food is damaged or spoiled while moving through the supply chain. Food waste happens when individuals, supermarkets or restaurants buy more food than they need and throw away the excess (超过). World Hunger Day, which is today, isn't just about bad news. Founded in 2011 by The Hunger Project, World Hunger Day is also about celebrating solutions that will eliminate starvation. In Africa, The Hunger Project has been working to encourage more sustainable and efficient farming methods. For example, by diversifying their crops, farmers will have healthier soil. Furthermore, since farmers need access to safe, clean water, The Hunger Project teaches people how to monitor, maintain and repair water systems such as water pumps. The UN World Food Programme aids farmers by helping them connect to local economies, improve production methods and reduce crop losses. And, for women who are pregnant or nursing and for children, they provide special foods like nutrient-rich peanut paste. So what can you do to help root out world hunger? Aside from striving to reduce your food waste, keep educating yourself and others about the issue. Look for opportunities to feed the hungry in your own communities. There are some fantastic organizations such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly organize and coordinate events to help orphans and feed the hungry. Each step, each choice, each voice can help make hunger a thing of the past. 43. The word stagger in the third paragraph most probably means ______. A. shock B. improve C. restrict D. affect 44. The purpose of the passage is ______. A. to objectively analyze the reasons of starvation B. to seriously warn people of the starvation C. to encourage people to fight against hunger D. to think highly of the effort to try to get rid of hunger 45. What can we infer from the passage? A. Hunger will become a thing of the past. B. Starvation exists mainly in Africa. C. People who need food may get it around themselves. D. It is impossible to get rid of starvation in the world. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Cause of Starvation B. The March toward Zero Hunger C. The Solution to Starvation D. The Consequence of Hunger 【答案】 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B 【导读】 本文围绕世界饥饿问题展开，首先指出在全球粮食产量理论上足够的情况下，仍有大量人口面临饥饿的矛盾现状，接着分析了导致饥饿的原因，如武装冲突、极端天气和食物浪费等。同时介绍了世界饥饿日及其所倡导的解决饥饿问题的措施，像非洲实施可持续农业方法、联合国世界粮食计划署提供援助等，最后呼吁人们行动起来，共同对抗饥饿。 【解析】 43. 词义猜测题：根据第三段 “The UN's second sustainability goal, 'Zero Hunger,' is an ambitious plan to end hunger in the world by 2030. However, the global scale of the hunger staggers the imagination, and it's getting worse.” 可知，联合国虽有消除饥饿的目标，但全球饥饿的规模与之形成反差且愈发严重，这种情况应是令人震惊的。“improve” 意为 “改善”；“restrict” 意为 “限制”；“affect” 意为 “影响”，均不符合此处语境。“shock” 有 “使震惊” 之意，符合语境，所以答案是 A。 44. 目的意图题：文章不仅分析了饥饿的原因，还强调了为解决饥饿问题所做的努力和解决方案。文章的基调是积极的，鼓励人们参与到抗击饥饿的行动中来，因此正确答案是D. to think highly of the effort to try to get rid of hunger（高度评价努力消除饥饿的努力）。 45. 推理判断题：根据最后一段 “Look for opportunities to feed the hungry in your own communities. There are some fantastic organizations such as SALT Collectiv, who regularly organize and coordinate events to help orphans and feed the hungry.” 可知，有组织在社区开展帮助饥饿人群的活动，由此可推断需要食物的人可能在自己周边获得食物，C 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿将成为过去” 过于绝对，文中只是呼吁努力让饥饿成为过去，但未表明一定会实现；B 选项 “饥饿主要存在于非洲”，文中提到全球都有饥饿问题，并非主要在非洲；D 选项 “在世界上消除饥饿是不可能的” 与文章倡导的努力消除饥饿相悖。所以答案是 C。 46. 主旨大意题：文章围绕消除饥饿这一主题，既提到了饥饿问题及原因，也介绍了为实现 “零饥饿” 目标所做的努力和人们应采取的行动，“The March toward Zero Hunger”（迈向零饥饿）能很好地概括文章内容，B 选项正确。A 选项 “饥饿的原因” 和 C 选项 “饥饿的解决办法” 都只是文章部分内容；D 选项 “饥饿的后果” 文中未提及。所以答案是 B。 【重点词块】 sustainability goal 可持续发展目标 armed conflict 武装冲突 extreme weather events 极端天气事件 food insecurity 粮食不安全 supply chain 供应链 sustainable farming methods 可持续农业方法 diversify crops 使农作物多样化 root out 根除 strive to 努力做…… 【复杂句式】 1. “Why, in a world where we technically produce enough food to feed everyone, do millions of people go to bed hungry each night?” 分析：这是一个特殊疑问句，“in a world where we technically produce enough food to feed everyone” 是地点状语，其中 “where we technically produce enough food to feed everyone” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “world”。句子主干是 “Why do millions of people go to bed hungry each night?”，正常语序为 “Millions of people go to bed hungry each night in a world where we technically produce enough food to feed everyone. Why?”，这里将 “in a world...” 提前，是为了强调这种矛盾的情境。 翻译：为什么在一个理论上我们生产的食物足以养活所有人的世界里，每天晚上仍有数百万人饿着肚子上床睡觉呢？ 2. “Armed conflict is one. It forces people from their homes, ruins economies and turns millions of people into refugees who become reliant on aid, and luck, for their daily needs.” 分析：前一句 “Armed conflict is one.” 是简单句，表明武装冲突是导致饥饿的一个原因。后一句是一个复合句，“It forces people from their homes, ruins economies and turns millions of people into refugees” 是并列的谓语结构，描述武装冲突带来的一系列后果，“who become reliant on aid, and luck, for their daily needs” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “refugees”，说明难民对援助和运气的依赖。 翻译：武装冲突是（导致饥饿的原因）之一。它迫使人们背井离乡，破坏经济，并使数百万人沦为难民，这些难民依赖援助和运气来满足他们的日常需求。 3. “Finally, around 30 percent of the world's food is lost or wasted annually. Food loss occurs when food is damaged or spoiled while moving through the supply chain. Food waste happens when individuals, supermarkets or restaurants buy more food than they need and throw away the excess.” 分析：第一句是简单句，说明全球食物损失和浪费的比例。第二句是复合句，“when food is damaged or spoiled while moving through the supply chain” 是时间状语从句，描述食物损失发生的情况。第三句同样是复合句，“when individuals, supermarkets or restaurants buy more food than they need and throw away the excess” 是时间状语从句，阐述食物浪费发生的情形，其中 “than they need” 是比较状语从句。 翻译：最后，全球每年约有 30% 的食物损失或浪费。食物损失发生在食物在供应链流转过程中受损或变质的时候。当个人、超市或餐馆购买的食物超过他们的需求并扔掉多余的部分时，就会发生食物浪费。 4. “In Africa, The Hunger Project has been working to encourage more sustainable and efficient farming methods. For example, by diversifying their crops, farmers will have healthier soil. Furthermore, since farmers need access to safe, clean water, The Hunger Project teaches people how to monitor, maintain and repair water systems such as water pumps.” 分析：第一句是简单句，“has been working” 是现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，说明 “饥饿项目” 一直在努力鼓励采用可持续和高效的农业方法。第二句是简单句，“by diversifying their crops” 是方式状语，表明通过多样化种植农作物来实现土壤更健康的方式。第三句是复合句，“since farmers need access to safe, clean water” 是原因状语从句，说明 “饥饿项目” 教人们如何监测、维护和修理水系统的原因。 翻译：在非洲，“饥饿项目” 一直在努力鼓励采用更可持续和高效的农业方法。例如，通过使农作物多样化，农民将拥有更健康的土壤。此外，由于农民需要获得安全、清洁的水，“饥饿项目” 教人们如何监测、维护和修理水泵等水系统。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$