外刊时文 阅读B&C篇-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

题型：高中阅读理解 来源：外刊读物 Passage1 Unhealthy work environments can be suffocating. Whether it's due to demanding workloads, rude management, or pressure to work beyond one's scope, skillset, and hours, there can be a lack of communication and trust between employees and management. Intimidating behaviors like bullying or discrimination can also emerge. All this can take a huge toll on employees' mental health, leading to burnout. In such environments, people often feel like improving work culture would make some kind of difference. The Japanese concept 'kaizen' offers a potential solution. It's about making small changes for the better, and these smallest steps can lead to the biggest difference. Multinational companies like Toyota, Honda, and Canon implement this approach. Unlike the traditional hierarchical model where people at the top tell those at the bottom what to do, leading to communication breakdowns and increased pressure, the philosophy of kaizen is humanistic and engages all employees at all levels. Each person is given the same degree of responsibility and agency. The idea is that if all employees are involved in making small changes together, big changes can happen. Various studies, such as one published in Human Relations in 2017, have been carried out on the effects of kaizen approach in high-stress workplaces like hospitals. The results found that by engaging staff at all levels, there was a significant increase in employee satisfaction and productivity. Elizabeth Dunne, a solution-focused hypnotherapist and psychotherapist, was introduced to the concept of kaizen by a former client, Dennis. Dennis worked in a seaport with a very grueling job management health and safety culture. The atmosphere was unbearably tense, with low morale and difficulty in getting colleagues to listen to health and safety rules. Colleagues complained about their workplace culture, workload, and conditions, but they never changed things. However, after the introduction of kaizen, they were better able to cope with daily stresses. 1. What can cause an unhealthy work environment according to the passage? A. Friendly colleagues. B. Reasonable workloads. C. Supportive management. D. Demanding workloads and rude management. 2. What is the main idea of the 'kaizen' approach? A. Only top management makes decisions. B. Making small changes together to achieve big results. C. Ignoring employees' opinions. D. Increasing workloads gradually. 3. What can be inferred from the study in Human Relations in 2017? A. Kaizen has no effect on workplaces. B. Kaizen can improve employee satisfaction and productivity. C. Hospitals don't need to implement kaizen. D. Only large companies can use kaizen. 4. The underlined word "grueling" in the last paragraph probably means _. A. easy B. pleasant C. exhausting D. interesting 答案： 1. D 解析：文中明确提到 “Whether it's due to demanding workloads, rude management, or pressure to work beyond one's scope, skillset, and hours, there can be a lack of communication and trust between employees and management.”，即繁重的工作量和粗鲁的管理会导致不健康的工作环境，D 选项正确。A、B、C 选项与原文不符。 2. B 解析：根据 “The idea is that if all employees are involved in making small changes together, big changes can happen.” 可知，“kaizen” 方法的主要思想是大家一起做出小的改变以实现大的成果，B 选项正确。A、C 选项与原文中 “kaizen” 的理念相悖；D 选项文中未提及。 3. B 解析：从 “Various studies, such as one published in Human Relations in 2017, have been carried out on the effects of kaizen approach in high-stress workplaces like hospitals. The results found that by engaging staff at all levels, there was a significant increase in employee satisfaction and productivity.” 可以推断出，“kaizen” 可以提高员工满意度和生产力，B 选项正确。A 选项与原文不符；C 选项文中未提及；D 选项 “only” 太绝对。 4. C 解析：根据上下文，“Dennis worked in a seaport with a very grueling job management health and safety culture. The atmosphere was unbearably tense, with low morale...”，可知工作环境很糟糕，“grueling” 意为 “使人精疲力竭的、累人的”，C 选项正确。A 选项 “容易的”、B 选项 “愉快的”、D 选项 “有趣的” 均不符合文意。 Passage 2 There are four boxes still sitting in my lounge long after the end of our three-month renovation. It has been an exercise in logistics, but also a chance to (begrudgingly) rethink what I actually need in my life. Without finishing the task of sorting kitchen utensils, whose functions remain enigmatic, I have now delved into other rooms. I have found piles of school books, scraps of paper with teeny doodles, shells, pebbles, and countless paper mâché creations. I have kept them because they prompt memories - small fingers unfurling to proudly show me a creation, or hours of digging my hands among pebbles on a beach to find the perfect shapes for a wobbly tower. Objects have power. They are evocative. Juliet Landau-Pope is a productivity coach and author of What's Your Excuse for not Clearing. She says that gifts we receive on special occasions, souvenirs from holidays, and things that trigger memories of meaningful moments all have this power. Even more than that, they place us within families, communities, and cultures. She adds: "The silver candlesticks inherited from my grandmother not only link me to my family traditions, they're also part of my Jewish heritage." The BBC show, The Repair Shop, illustrates the power that objects have in helping us recall memories, and even re-live emotions. In the programme, objects are restored, but so too are memories, argues Chris McCarroll. An assistant professor of philosophy and author of Remembering From the Outside: Personal Memory and the Perspective Mind, he wrote a paper called It Shop of Memory. In it, he states: "These objects are vibrant materials that help scaffold memories held by the subject. They prompt our remembering, but they are also imbued with whatever we have invested in them - be it time, meaning, or emotion. But is this always positive? Can objects become emotional anchors, dragging us back to the past? Not all memories are positive, after all. Do we keep possessions that might prompt the painful instead of the joyful? McCarroll says this is tricky. He explains that in some cases, it might be that the owners, albeit memories that may have faded as the object itself has aged, seem to reanimate and revive the memories that their owners have invested in them." 1. Why did the author keep the piles of school books and other items? A. Because they were valuable. B. Because they could be sold for money. C. Because they prompted memories. D. Because they were useful. 2. What does Juliet Landau-Pope think about objects? A. They are just ordinary things. B. They have the power to evoke emotions and connect us to different aspects of life. C. They should be thrown away. D. They only have value if they are expensive. 3. What can be inferred from Chris McCarroll's words about objects? A. Objects always bring positive memories. B. Objects have no impact on our emotions. C. Objects can be both positive and negative in evoking memories. D. Objects only remind us of the past we want to forget. 4. The underlined word "enigmatic" in the first paragraph probably means _. A. clear B. mysterious C. useful D. common 答案： 1. C 解析：文中明确提到 “I have kept them because they prompt memories”，即作者保留这些物品是因为它们能唤起回忆，C 选项正确。A、B、D 选项文章未提及。 2. B 解析：根据 “She says that gifts we receive on special occasions, souvenirs from holidays, and things that trigger memories of meaningful moments all have this power. Even more than that, they place us within families, communities, and cultures.” 可知，Juliet Landau-Pope 认为物品有唤起情感以及将我们与生活的不同方面联系起来的力量，B 选项正确。A、C、D 选项与原文不符。 3. C 解析：从 “Can objects become emotional anchors, dragging us back to the past? Not all memories are positive, after all. Do we keep possessions that might prompt the painful instead of the joyful?” 可以推断出，物品在唤起记忆方面既有积极的也有消极的，C 选项正确。A 选项 “always” 太绝对；B 选项与原文不符；D 选项 “only” 太绝对。 4. B 解析：根据上下文，“Without finishing the task of sorting kitchen utensils, whose functions remain enigmatic”，意思是在没有完成整理厨房用具的任务时，这些用具的功能仍然是 “神秘的”，“enigmatic” 意为 “神秘的”，B 选项正确。A 选项 “清晰的”、C 选项 “有用的”、D 选项 “常见的” 均不符合文意。 Passage 3 It's estimated that around 13 million plastic bottles are used in the UK each year, causing significant environmental pollution. However, Alvaston Moor Academy, a secondary school in Derby, is taking a bold step to combat this issue. This school, with 880 students, has provided every pupil with their own reusable water bottle. This move is expected to save an estimated one million plastic bottles a year from landfill. The school has also implemented a new policy: no longer allowing the sale of bottled drinks. Instead, it has installed hydration stations throughout the campus where students can refill their bottles with water for free. This not only reduces plastic waste but also has a positive impact on the students' health and well-being. "A lot of people weren't drinking water because they were having to buy it, but now they can just use their own bottles," says Iwan Lucc, a teacher at the school. Nathan Jeremiah, chief operating officer at Archway Learning Trust, which runs the school, emphasizes the environmental benefits of this initiative. "Our impact on the environment will be greatly improved by reducing our plastic waste so drastically," he adds. The school is also considering introducing other eco-friendly measures, such as using more sustainable sourcing of ingredients and sending food waste to be composted. When it comes to building sustainable habits for a greener future, involving the next generation is crucial. Small actions like providing reusable water bottles in schools can have long-lasting effects and inspire students to adopt more environmentally friendly lifestyles. 1. How many plastic bottles are estimated to be used in the UK each year? A. 13 million B. 880 C. One million D. 13 billion 2. What has Alvaston Moor Academy done to reduce plastic waste? A. Sold more bottled drinks. B. Provided students with reusable water bottles and installed hydration stations. C. Encouraged students to buy plastic bottles. D. Allowed students to use disposable cups. 3. What can be inferred from Nathan Jeremiah's words? A. He doesn't care about the environment. B. The school's initiative has no effect on the environment. C. Reducing plastic waste significantly can improve the environment. D. The school should stop all activities. 4. The underlined word "drastically" in the third paragraph probably means _. A. slightly B. gradually C. greatly D. rarely 答案： 1. A 解析：文章开头明确提到 “It's estimated that around 13 million plastic bottles are used in the UK each year”，A 选项正确。B 选项是学校学生数量；C 选项是学校预计一年减少的塑料瓶数量；D 选项数字错误。 2. B 解析：根据 “Alvaston Moor Academy, a secondary school in Derby, with 880 students, has provided every pupil with their own reusable water bottle. The school no longer allows the sale of bottled drinks and, instead, has installed hydration stations where students are able to refill their bottles with water for free.” 可知，学校给学生提供可重复使用的水瓶并安装了饮水站，B 选项正确。A、C、D 选项与原文不符。 3. C 解析：从 “Our impact on the environment will be greatly improved by reducing our plastic waste so drastically” 可以推断出，大幅减少塑料垃圾可以改善环境，C 选项正确。A 选项与原文意思相悖；B 选项与原文不符；D 选项文中未提及。 4. C 解析：根据上下文，学校采取措施后预计能大幅减少塑料垃圾，“drastically” 意为 “大幅度地、彻底地”，C 选项 “greatly”（极大地）意思相近，正确。A 选项 “slightly”（轻微地）、B 选项 “gradually”（逐渐地）、D 选项 “rarely”（很少地）均不符合文意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$题型：高中阅读理解 来源：外刊读物 Passage1 Unhealthy work environments can be suffocating. Whether it's due to demanding workloads, rude management, or pressure to work beyond one's scope, skillset, and hours, there can be a lack of communication and trust between employees and management. Intimidating behaviors like bullying or discrimination can also emerge. All this can take a huge toll on employees' mental health, leading to burnout. In such environments, people often feel like improving work culture would make some kind of difference. The Japanese concept 'kaizen' offers a potential solution. It's about making small changes for the better, and these smallest steps can lead to the biggest difference. Multinational companies like Toyota, Honda, and Canon implement this approach. Unlike the traditional hierarchical model where people at the top tell those at the bottom what to do, leading to communication breakdowns and increased pressure, the philosophy of kaizen is humanistic and engages all employees at all levels. Each person is given the same degree of responsibility and agency. The idea is that if all employees are involved in making small changes together, big changes can happen. Various studies, such as one published in Human Relations in 2017, have been carried out on the effects of kaizen approach in high-stress workplaces like hospitals. The results found that by engaging staff at all levels, there was a significant increase in employee satisfaction and productivity. Elizabeth Dunne, a solution-focused hypnotherapist and psychotherapist, was introduced to the concept of kaizen by a former client, Dennis. Dennis worked in a seaport with a very grueling job management health and safety culture. The atmosphere was unbearably tense, with low morale and difficulty in getting colleagues to listen to health and safety rules. Colleagues complained about their workplace culture, workload, and conditions, but they never changed things. However, after the introduction of kaizen, they were better able to cope with daily stresses. 1. What can cause an unhealthy work environment according to the passage? A. Friendly colleagues. B. Reasonable workloads. C. Supportive management. D. Demanding workloads and rude management. 2. What is the main idea of the 'kaizen' approach? A. Only top management makes decisions. B. Making small changes together to achieve big results. C. Ignoring employees' opinions. D. Increasing workloads gradually. 3. What can be inferred from the study in Human Relations in 2017? A. Kaizen has no effect on workplaces. B. Kaizen can improve employee satisfaction and productivity. C. Hospitals don't need to implement kaizen. D. Only large companies can use kaizen. 4. The underlined word "grueling" in the last paragraph probably means _. A. easy B. pleasant C. exhausting D. interesting Passage 2 There are four boxes still sitting in my lounge long after the end of our three-month renovation. It has been an exercise in logistics, but also a chance to (begrudgingly) rethink what I actually need in my life. Without finishing the task of sorting kitchen utensils, whose functions remain enigmatic, I have now delved into other rooms. I have found piles of school books, scraps of paper with teeny doodles, shells, pebbles, and countless paper mâché creations. I have kept them because they prompt memories - small fingers unfurling to proudly show me a creation, or hours of digging my hands among pebbles on a beach to find the perfect shapes for a wobbly tower. Objects have power. They are evocative. Juliet Landau-Pope is a productivity coach and author of What's Your Excuse for not Clearing. She says that gifts we receive on special occasions, souvenirs from holidays, and things that trigger memories of meaningful moments all have this power. Even more than that, they place us within families, communities, and cultures. She adds: "The silver candlesticks inherited from my grandmother not only link me to my family traditions, they're also part of my Jewish heritage." The BBC show, The Repair Shop, illustrates the power that objects have in helping us recall memories, and even re-live emotions. In the programme, objects are restored, but so too are memories, argues Chris McCarroll. An assistant professor of philosophy and author of Remembering From the Outside: Personal Memory and the Perspective Mind, he wrote a paper called It Shop of Memory. In it, he states: "These objects are vibrant materials that help scaffold memories held by the subject. They prompt our remembering, but they are also imbued with whatever we have invested in them - be it time, meaning, or emotion. But is this always positive? Can objects become emotional anchors, dragging us back to the past? Not all memories are positive, after all. Do we keep possessions that might prompt the painful instead of the joyful? McCarroll says this is tricky. He explains that in some cases, it might be that the owners, albeit memories that may have faded as the object itself has aged, seem to reanimate and revive the memories that their owners have invested in them." 1. Why did the author keep the piles of school books and other items? A. Because they were valuable. B. Because they could be sold for money. C. Because they prompted memories. D. Because they were useful. 2. What does Juliet Landau-Pope think about objects? A. They are just ordinary things. B. They have the power to evoke emotions and connect us to different aspects of life. C. They should be thrown away. D. They only have value if they are expensive. 3. What can be inferred from Chris McCarroll's words about objects? A. Objects always bring positive memories. B. Objects have no impact on our emotions. C. Objects can be both positive and negative in evoking memories. D. Objects only remind us of the past we want to forget. 4. The underlined word "enigmatic" in the first paragraph probably means _. A. clear B. mysterious C. useful D. common Passage 3 It's estimated that around 13 million plastic bottles are used in the UK each year, causing significant environmental pollution. However, Alvaston Moor Academy, a secondary school in Derby, is taking a bold step to combat this issue. This school, with 880 students, has provided every pupil with their own reusable water bottle. This move is expected to save an estimated one million plastic bottles a year from landfill. The school has also implemented a new policy: no longer allowing the sale of bottled drinks. Instead, it has installed hydration stations throughout the campus where students can refill their bottles with water for free. This not only reduces plastic waste but also has a positive impact on the students' health and well-being. "A lot of people weren't drinking water because they were having to buy it, but now they can just use their own bottles," says Iwan Lucc, a teacher at the school. Nathan Jeremiah, chief operating officer at Archway Learning Trust, which runs the school, emphasizes the environmental benefits of this initiative. "Our impact on the environment will be greatly improved by reducing our plastic waste so drastically," he adds. The school is also considering introducing other eco-friendly measures, such as using more sustainable sourcing of ingredients and sending food waste to be composted. When it comes to building sustainable habits for a greener future, involving the next generation is crucial. Small actions like providing reusable water bottles in schools can have long-lasting effects and inspire students to adopt more environmentally friendly lifestyles. 1. How many plastic bottles are estimated to be used in the UK each year? A. 13 million B. 880 C. One million D. 13 billion 2. What has Alvaston Moor Academy done to reduce plastic waste? A. Sold more bottled drinks. B. Provided students with reusable water bottles and installed hydration stations. C. Encouraged students to buy plastic bottles. D. Allowed students to use disposable cups. 3. What can be inferred from Nathan Jeremiah's words? A. He doesn't care about the environment. B. The school's initiative has no effect on the environment. C. Reducing plastic waste significantly can improve the environment. D. The school should stop all activities. 4. The underlined word "drastically" in the third paragraph probably means _. A. slightly B. gradually C. greatly D. rarely 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$