高中虚拟语气全面讲解 导学案-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

高中虚拟语气全面讲解 一. 什么是虚拟语气 · 语气：和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，疑问语气和虚拟语气。 · 虚拟语气：虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议，请求等。虚拟语气可用于名词性从句，状语从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 e.g. If I were you, I would take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。 （我不可能是你，所以这是不存在的事实，表示假设，用虚拟语气） If I had met Tom, I could have told him. 如果我碰见了Tom，我就告诉他了。 （事实上我并没有碰到Tom，表示假设，用虚拟语气） He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们班应该分成五个小组。 （表示建议，用虚拟语气） · 练一练： 判断下列句子是否是虚拟语气 1. If you had followed my advice, you could have won the game. 2. We will go camping if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 3. How I wish I were a bird! 4. If only I could afford the house! 5. I hope that the train will arrive in time. 6. It is wise of you to have booked the room, or we would have nowhere to stay now. 二. 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 由if引导的条件句，分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 真实条件句所假设的情况是有可能发生的，谓语动词遵循主将从现的原则； 非真实条件句所假设的情况是与事实相反的，或将来不大可能发生的，谓语动词要用虚拟语气结构。 e.g. If you study hard, you will surely pass the examination. (真实条件句)   If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky. (虚拟条件句) 非真实条件句的从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 假设类型 从句谓语 主句谓语形式 与现在事实相反 did (be用were) should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反 1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do 1． 与现在事实相反的假设  句型：If+ 主语+过去时，主语+should/would/could/might +do   e.g.    If I were you, I would take an umbrella.   如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）    If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.  如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱） 2． 与过去事实相反的假设 句型： If +主语+had done ，主语+should/would/could/might +have done    e.g. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）  If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.   如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测  句型：①if+主语+were to do，主语+should/would/could/might +do      ②if+主语+did/were ，主语+should/would/could/might +do    ③if+主语+should +do ，主语+should/would/could/might +do  e.g.   If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）     If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）   If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.  如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰。（事实：下雪可能性很小） 【特殊情况】 1、错综时间条件句 有时，条件句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”。  1). 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 e.g. If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。 2). 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 e.g. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，我就采取了他的建议。 3).从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。 e.g. If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。 2.  含蓄虚拟条件句 有时假设的情况不以条件句的形式表现出，而是通过一个介词短语或分词或其他方式表现出来，如：but for（若不是），without, under, otherwise, but, or, but that（若不是）,given等。  e.g. But for his help, we would still be working now. =If it were not for his help, ... =If he hadn’t help us, … 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. =If you hadn’t instructed me, … 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 Given more time and money, he could have done it better than what it is. =If he had been given more time and money, … 如果有更多的时间和钱的话，他会把事情做得比现在更好。 3.虚拟条件句的倒装 如果条件句中含有助动词，情态动词，be 动词及其各种形式时，可以将If 省略，而将这些词置于句首，采用倒装语序。 e.g. If it should stop raining, I would go for a walk. =Should it stop raining, I would go for a walk. 如果雨停了，我就去散步。 If Jane had missed the early train, she would have been late. =Had Jane missed the early train, she would have been late. 如果Jane 错过了早班车，她就迟到了。 If it were to rain, the crops would be saved.→Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. · 练一练 一. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1. If he ___________（study）harder, Tom would have succeeded in the test. 2. If it should rain, the crops ___________(be) saved. 3. If you ___________（take）an umbrella yesterday, you ___________(be) ill now. 4. He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he ___________(attend) the party. 5. If the car ___________ (repair) earlier, I wouldn’t have been late yesterday. 二. 选择题 1. ___________ fired, your health care will not be immediately cut off. A. Should you be B. Would you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or he ___________ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 3. If I _________ it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it. A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C.didn’t see D. saw 4. He was very busy yesterday; Otherwise, he _______to the meeting. A. would have come B. should come C. would come D. came 5. If Julia had practiced hard enough last night, she ________more confident on the stage now. A. is B. could be C. will be D. would have been 三. 用虚拟条件句改写划线部分 1. But for electricity, there would be no modern industry. 2. I was busy the whole morning, otherwise I would have called you. 三. 其他状语从句中的虚拟语气 1. 目的状语从句 1). 在 for fear that（生怕，唯恐）, in case（以防万一）, lest（唯恐）引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形. 并且 should 不能省略。 e.g. She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。 2). 在in order that, so that(为了…) 引导的目的状语从句中，从句谓语为： a. can/may(表示将来) + 动词原形 b. could /might(表示过去) + 动词原形 e.g. I plan to get up early tomorrow in order that I can catch the early bus. 为了赶上早班车，我明天打算早起。 They worked through the night so that they could finish the work ahead of time.  他们通宵工作为了提前完成工作任务。 2. 让步状语从句 1). although, though, even if, even though所引导的让步状语从句, 若从句表示对现在或将来的假设，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 结构同虚拟条件句。 e.g. Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. （与现在相反） 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. （与将来相反） 即使华佗来了也救不了他。 Though he should fail, there would still be hope. （与将来相反） 就算他失败了，也仍然有希望。 2). 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh- 等引导的让步状语从句中，主句结构不限，从句虚拟语气结构为： a. may +动词原形do(指现在或将来)。 e.g. We will finish it on time whatever/ no matter what may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 b.  may +have done (指过去) 。如： e.g. You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。 We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。 3. 方式状语从句 由as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。主句结构不限，从句虚拟语气结构为： a. 与过去事实相反：as if/ though +主语+ had done b.与现在事实相反：as if/ though +主语+ did (be 用were ) c.与将来事实相反：as if/ though +主语+ were to/would / could / might / should do e.g. They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. (与过去事实相反) 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。 He coughed twice as if someone should come. (与将来事实相反) 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。 The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. (与现在事实相反) 老师就像对她自己的孩子一般对待这个学生。 4. 原因状语从句 在amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。主句结构不限，从句虚拟语气的结构为： a. should + 原形动词do (指现在或将来)。 e.g. He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。 b. should + 完成式（have done）, 指过去。 e.g. I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。 I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟知道我昨天所做的事情。 · 练一练： 一. 选择题 1. He talked as if he ________ all the work himself, but actually he just bossed his inferiors around. A. had done B. did C. has done D. would have done 2. Here is a shilling in case you________ it. A. may need B. should need C. need D. will need 3. They met for the first time, but they talked happily as though they ________ good friends for a long time. A. were B. had been C. would be D. have been 4. I was astonished that he ________ such an easy question. A. can’t answer B. wouldn’t answer C. should not answer D. didn’t answer 5. We will find him no matter where he________. A. was B. has been C. would be D. may be 四. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 当主句含有:建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时，后面的从句结构为： a. 表示现在： 主语+ (should)+do b. 表示过去：主语+ (should)+ have done 但注意，若从句中含有”竟然，惊讶，诧异”之意时，”should”则不可以省。 1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1).在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，表示建议、要求、决定或命令等，其谓语动词形式为: (should) do，其中should可以省略，主句中的时态不限。 e.g. The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄。 The workers demanded that their pay (should) be raised. 工人们要求增加工资。 He insisted that John (should) do the job. 他坚决要求约翰干这项工作。 [注意] a. insist作 “力言” 、 “强调” 解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 e.g. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克力言他从未偷过东西。 He insisted that he was a student. 他坚称自己是学生。 只有当作“坚决要求”、“坚持要”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。 e.g. I insist she （should）go there with her mother. 我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。 b. suggest作 “暗示” 、 “表明” 解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 e.g. Her pale face suggested that she was ill. 苍白的脸上可以看出，她病了。 只有当suggest作“建议”解时，才用虚拟语气。 e.g. We suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off until next Saturday. 我们建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。 2).动词wish后面的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望。汉语一般译为 “但愿…” ， “可惜…” 等。 a. 现在： 主语 + wish (that)...did (were)...  e.g. I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！ I wish I could help you. 但愿我能帮助你。 b.过去：主语 + wish (that)...had done… e.g. She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。 c. 将来： 主语 + wish (that)... could/would/might do e.g. I wish you would be more careful in future. 希望你今后会更小心一些才好。 3).在would rather/sooner， would prefer（宁愿）后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，结构为： a. 表示现在事实或将来：would rather/sooner/ prefer +主语+did(be 用were) b. 表示过去: would rather/sooner/ prefer +主语+ had done e.g. I would rather he came next Saturday. 我宁愿他下星期六来。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long. 我倒希望他在那儿不要呆得太久。 I would sooner she had left the heavy work to me. 我宁愿她把重活留给了我。 2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 1). 在句型 "It is important /necessary/strange/impossible/ natural…that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： a. 表示现在： 主语+ should +do b. 表示过去： 主语+ should+ have done e.g. It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should have done so. 她这样做是很自然的。 2). 在句型"It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered) that .... "中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： 主语+(should )+动词原形do e.g. It was suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off until next Saturday. 大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我们到今晚将一切准备就绪。 3). 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为： should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。should 翻译为“竟然”，不省略。 (1) It is odd / sad / annoying / disappointing / surprising / frightening / strange / peculiar...that... (2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder...that... (3) It worries/surprises me that... e.g. It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。 It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见面。 It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。 3.  表语从句中的虚拟语气 由suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal等名词做主语的句子里，其表语从句用虚拟语气表示建议、命令或要求等。从句中的谓语动词形式为: (should)+动词原形。  e.g. My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village.  我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。     Their proposal is that we (should)set up a spare time school for them.  他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校。 4. 同位语从句中的虚拟语气    作名词suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan等的同位语从句中用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为：（should）+动词原形，其中should可以省略。 e.g.  We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.  我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。   What do you think of the idea that we （should） begin the second experiment at once?  你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？   · 练一练： 一. 选择题 1. It is essential that these application forms ___________ out as early as possible. A. must be given B. will be given C. are given D. should be given 2. How I wish every family ___________ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 3. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___________ ill, and her parents suggested that she ___________ a medical examination. A. be ... should have B. was …have C. should be …had D. was ... has 4. I’d rather you ________that. A. don’t B. won’t do C. hadn’t done D. haven’t done 5. The workers are working hard to meet the request that the railway ________ to traffic on May 1st. A. will be open B. is open C. be open D. must open 二. 语法填空 1. I wish I ___________ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. 2. Experts advised that parents ___________ (discourage) children from doing homework by using electronic equipment too much. 1. It is required by law that a driving test ___________ (be) taken before a man gets a license. (should) be 2. It is required by law that a driving test ___________ (be) taken before a man gets a license. (should) be 3. 3. It is required by law that a driving test ___________ (be) taken before a man gets a license. 4. We would rather our daughter ___________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 5. We are all for Mary’s suggestion that the meeting________. 五.定语从句中的虚拟语气  英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about/ the very/quite) time that + 主语+ did sth/ should do sth e.g.  It is time we went to bed.   该上床睡觉了。 It’s about time you should begin your work. 你该开始工作了。 六.其它句型中的虚拟语气 1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。 结构常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如： Would you mind my shutting the door?  我把门关起来你介意吗？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如： May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last forever! 祝你青春永驻。 3. 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如： You should have got here earlier. 你本应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你本应该把它还给他了。 4.  If only...: 表示强烈的不满，遗憾或愿望，意为： “要是/如果......该多好啊/就好了！”  a. 表示现在或将来：if only sb did (be 用were) sth； b. 表示将来： if only sb. would/could/ might do sth c. 表示过去： if only sb. had done sth （注意：“only if ...”意为“只要......”，不用虚拟语气）  e.g. If only I could see him once more! 我要是再见到他就好了！  If only we had telephoned him in advance! 要是事先给他打个电话就好了！  · 练一练： 1. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ___________ the doctor’s advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 2. It’s high time you ___________ . A. start to work B. would start to work C. started to work D. had started to work 3. _______there never be another world war! A. Must B. Will C. Can D. May 4. I’m fed up with the wet weather. It is time I ___________a picnic for some sunshine. A. should have B. have C. would have D. to have 5. If only I _____the flight!  A. hadn’t missed B. haven’t missed   C. didn’t miss   D. don’t miss 虚拟语气专项练习 一. 选择题 1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 2. I wish the train ______already; then I could have got home before breakfast. A. arrives B. had arrived C. would arrive D. arrived 3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get         B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got 4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison. A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_____. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _____ wrong with him. A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should go; is 8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today. ---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than today. A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 9. ---Would you have called her up? ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day; Otherwise, I ____ the sports meet. A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. A. Had it not been for   B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going. A. had been, would have prevented   B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent            D. were, would have prevented 13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam. A. If he were to work    B. Had he worked  C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. ____today, he would get there by Friday. A. Were he to leave B. If he had left   C. Did he to leave   D. Had he left 15. He gave orders that the prisoners ______ free. A. are set B. be set C. were set D. set 16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come   B. did come   C. come    D. had come 17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment. A. was, had helped   B. was, would have helped       C. had been, would have helped  D. were, would have helped 18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday. A. were not, could have climb   B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed     D. hadn’t been, could climb 19. How I wish I ______ a university student and ______ at university now! A. am; study B. was; study C. were; were studying D. were; studied 20. It’s too noisy. I wish you______ down the radio. A. can turn B. will C. would turn D. are to turn 21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home. A. stayed  B. could stay     C. has stayed     D. stay 22. It was requested that the play ____again. A. should put on B. would put on   C. be put on  D. put on 23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately. A. had sent for   B. send    C. be sent for       D. was sent 24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness? ----Yes, but ____it. A. I’d rather not do    B. I’d rather not have done       C. I should’ t do   D. I’d better not do 25. ________I known he needed the money so badly, I might have managed to help him. A. unless B. had C. when D. if 26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth. A. is  B. would be C. were    D. wouldn’t be 27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being. A. do  B. didn’t do C. don’t  D. didn’t 28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son. A. is  B. were    C. had been    D. should be 29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more! A. were    B. could become   C. had been   D. should be 30. It is required that a passenger’s luggage ___________ for security before he boards the plane. A. checked B. would be checked C. should be checked D. had been checked 31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying. A. even if, was  B. though, would be    C. even, had been    D. as if, were 32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. had not B. did not have had     C. hadn’t had       D. hadn’t have 33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again. A. will discuss   B. to discuss     C. should discuss D. will be discussed 34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops. A. help    B. to help C. helped  D. helping 35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules A. obeys   B. obey    C. will obey  D. would obey 36. I wish I ____here then. A. was     B. had been   C. were    D. would be 37. It is strange that he ____back so early. A. came    B. will come  C. had come   D. should have come 38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV A. did     B. do  C. shall do   D. have done 39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till next Sunday A. be put  B. put     C. should put     D. had been put 40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there. A. had been   B. has been   C. was      D. been 41. I think it is high time you ______action. A. will take B. took C. take D. are taking 42. If the teacher hadn’t explained it to me, I ________the problem so well. A. would never be understood B. had never understood C. would never have understood D. will never have understood 43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning A. would, have washed    B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing   D. could have, had washing 44. If you were offered a trip to the moon, ________you ________it? A. will; accept B. do accept C. would; accept D. are; going to accept 45. ----How could I thank you enough? ---Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it. A. must do B. could do C. would have done     D. should have done 46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue. A. be, be delayed B. is, delay      C. should be, be delayed D. is, be delayed 47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths. A. it would have been  B. it would be    C. there would be D. there would have been 48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes. A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver  D. demand, delivered 49. If you learned to swim, you ________ safer in the water. A. will feel B. would feel C. feel D. felt 50. It is time ______ A. we go to bed B. he goes to bed C. we went to bed D. he go to bed 51. Yesterday, Lisa walked away from the discussion; otherwise, she _______something she would regret later. A. might have said B. had said C. might say D. said 52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on    D. will put on 53. I hope that you ____ right. A. will be B. should be  C. were    D. would be 54. They must have liked the apartment; otherwise, they _______so long. A. wouldn’t stay B. wouldn’t have stayed C. won't stay D. didn’t stay 55. ________I known he needed the money so badly, I might have managed to help him. A. unless B. had C. when D. if 56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. A. has come   B. did come   C. had come   D. came 57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead. A. must have studied B. might study    C. would study    D. would have studied 58. If it _____for the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week. A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been , could have climbed   D. had not been, could climb 59. If only I _____ my watch!  A. hadn’t lost  B. haven’t lost    C. didn’t lost   D. don’t lose  60. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.  A. may not make             B. might not make  C. shouldn’t have made        D. may not have made  61. She ran as if she ________wings on her feet. A. had B. has had C. has D. is having 62. I ______you much money, but I _____you lacked money then. A. could lend; didn’t know B. could have lent; don’t know C. could have lent; didn’t know D. would have lent, don’t know 63. ______ prosperous and strong! A. May your country become B. Hope you country become C. Let your country become D. Your country it becoming 64. ________. I would paint the wall white. A. if I have been you B. If I will be you C. If I were you D. If I would be you 65. ---Have you been to Beijing? ---No, but I wish ______. A. had B. have C. do D. had 66. He looked as if he ______himself for years. A. doesn’t wash B. hasn’t washed C. hadn’t washed D. wouldn’t wash 67. If only it ______now! A. were snowing B. is snowing C. snows D. snowed 68. I wish I ______the meeting last week. A. attended B. had attended C. could attend D. have attended 69. His hair is too long. His parents wish he ______it cut. A. would have B. will have C. has D. had 70. ---Is your father a model worker? ---No, but how he wishes he ______. A. had been B.am C. were D. was 二. 语法填空 1. I’d rather my son _____（go）to university right now. 2. The librarian insisted that John ______(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. 3. I do not have a job. I would find one but I ______(have) no time. 4. He insisted that we all ______(be) in his office at one o’clock. 5. It is high time that we ____ (hold) a meeting to discuss this problem. 6. If her husband had not liked the dress, she _________ (return) it. 7. But for the leadership of our Party, we _________(not succeed) 8. If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night, you _________(meet) Lily already. 9. The teacher suggested that each student_________(make) a plan for the vacation. 10. Frankly, I’d rather you _________(not do) anything about it for the time being. 11. It's high time you _________(start) to work. 12. We required that the machine parts _________(make) of cast iron. 13. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we_________ (be)late. 14. It is required that the machine_________ (oil) twice a year. 15. His teacher’s recommendation is that he _________(begin) a regular degree program. 16. What do you think of his proposal that improvements _________(make) in the old type of vacuum cleaner? 17. If only I ______(can) speak French now! 18. If we had been more careful, we _________(get) much better results. 19. Sally can’t have written to me or I _________(get) the letter by now. 20. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _________(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 21. It is essential that every child ______(have)the same educational opportunities. 22. We _________(face) the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? 23.Don’t handle the vase as if it _________ (be) made of steel. 24. If we _________(not make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. 25. We lost our way in the small village, otherwise we _________(visit) more places of interest yesterday. 26. Lisa doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _________(live) there, she wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often. 27. They_________(arrive) at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 28. ---Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. ---I wish they _________(not be) always late. 29. Maybe if I _________(study) science, and not literature then, I would e able to give you more help. 30. He insisted that we_________（start）early the next morning. 31. –I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _________(steal) it. 32. ---Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. ---I _________(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. 33. I _________(not go) through that bitter period without your generous help. 34. It _________(not be) the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock. 35. We _________(put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 36. If my car _________(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Nanjing last week. 37.She often wishes that she ______ (ride)a horse. 38. How I wish I ____ (not try) to repair the watch! I only made it worse. 39. I _________(come) sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. 40. I wish I ______(be) a young man again. 41. ---Helen couldn’t go to France after all! ---That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if she _________(go). 42. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____(be) all right now.  43. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ (finish) before eleven.   44. I wish our teacher _________(not go) to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet. 45. The doctor’s suggestion is that the patient _________ (not tell) about his real condition. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高中虚拟语气全面讲解 一. 什么是虚拟语气 · 语气：和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，疑问语气和虚拟语气。 · 虚拟语气：虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议，请求等。虚拟语气可用于名词性从句，状语从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 e.g. If I were you, I would take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。 （我不可能是你，所以这是不存在的事实，表示假设，用虚拟语气） If I had met Tom, I could have told him. 如果我碰见了Tom，我就告诉他了。 （事实上我并没有碰到Tom，表示假设，用虚拟语气） He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们班应该分成五个小组。 （表示建议，用虚拟语气） · 练一练： 判断下列句子是否是虚拟语气 1. If you had followed my advice, you could have won the game. 是 2. We will go camping if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 否 3. How I wish I were a bird! 是 4. If only I could afford the house! 是 5. I hope that the train will arrive in time. 否 6. It is wise of you to have booked the room, or we would have nowhere to stay now. 是 二. 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 由if引导的条件句，分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 真实条件句所假设的情况是有可能发生的，谓语动词遵循主将从现的原则； 非真实条件句所假设的情况是与事实相反的，或将来不大可能发生的，谓语动词要用虚拟语气结构。 e.g. If you study hard, you will surely pass the examination. (真实条件句)   If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky. (虚拟条件句) 非真实条件句的从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 假设类型 从句谓语 主句谓语形式 与现在事实相反 did (be用were) should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反 1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do 1． 与现在事实相反的假设  句型：If+ 主语+过去时，主语+should/would/could/might +do   e.g.    If I were you, I would take an umbrella.   如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）    If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.  如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱） 2． 与过去事实相反的假设 句型： If +主语+had done ，主语+should/would/could/might +have done    e.g. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）  If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.   如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测  句型：①if+主语+were to do，主语+should/would/could/might +do      ②if+主语+did/were ，主语+should/would/could/might +do    ③if+主语+should +do ，主语+should/would/could/might +do  e.g.   If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）     If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）   If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.  如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰。（事实：下雪可能性很小） 【特殊情况】 1、错综时间条件句 有时，条件句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”。  1). 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 e.g. If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。 2). 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 e.g. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，我就采取了他的建议。 3).从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。 e.g. If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。 2.  含蓄虚拟条件句 有时假设的情况不以条件句的形式表现出，而是通过一个介词短语或分词或其他方式表现出来，如：but for（若不是），without, under, otherwise, but, or, but that（若不是）,given等。  e.g. But for his help, we would still be working now. =If it were not for his help, ... =If he hadn’t help us, … 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. =If you hadn’t instructed me, … 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 Given more time and money, he could have done it better than what it is. =If he had been given more time and money, … 如果有更多的时间和钱的话，他会把事情做得比现在更好。 3.虚拟条件句的倒装 如果条件句中含有助动词，情态动词，be 动词及其各种形式时，可以将If 省略，而将这些词置于句首，采用倒装语序。 e.g. If it should stop raining, I would go for a walk. =Should it stop raining, I would go for a walk. 如果雨停了，我就去散步。 If Jane had missed the early train, she would have been late. =Had Jane missed the early train, she would have been late. 如果Jane 错过了早班车，她就迟到了。 If it were to rain, the crops would be saved.→Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. · 练一练 一. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1. If he ___________（study）harder, Tom would have succeeded in the test. had studied 2. If it should rain, the crops ___________(be) saved. should/would/ could/might be 3. If you ___________（take）an umbrella yesterday, you ___________(be) ill now. had taken, shouldn’t/wouldn’t/ couldn’t/might not be 4. He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he ___________(attend) the party. should/would/ could/might have attended. 5. If the car ___________ (repair) earlier, I wouldn’t have been late yesterday. had been repaired 二. 选择题 1. ___________ fired, your health care will not be immediately cut off. A. Should you be B. Would you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or he ___________ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 3. If I _________ it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it. A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C.didn’t see D. saw 4. He was very busy yesterday; Otherwise, he _______to the meeting. A. would have come B. should come C. would come D. came 5. If Julia had practiced hard enough last night, she ________more confident on the stage now. A. is B. could be C. will be D. would have been 三. 用虚拟条件句改写划线部分 1. But for electricity, there would be no modern industry. If there were no electricity/If it were not for 2. I was busy the whole morning, otherwise I would have called you. If I had been busy this morning, 三. 其他状语从句中的虚拟语气 1. 目的状语从句 1). 在 for fear that（生怕，唯恐）, in case（以防万一）, lest（唯恐）引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形. 并且 should 不能省略。 e.g. She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。 2). 在in order that, so that(为了…) 引导的目的状语从句中，从句谓语为： a. can/may(表示将来) + 动词原形 b. could /might(表示过去) + 动词原形 e.g. I plan to get up early tomorrow in order that I can catch the early bus. 为了赶上早班车，我明天打算早起。 They worked through the night so that they could finish the work ahead of time.  他们通宵工作为了提前完成工作任务。 2. 让步状语从句 1). although, though, even if, even though所引导的让步状语从句, 若从句表示对现在或将来的假设，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 结构同虚拟条件句。 e.g. Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. （与现在相反） 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. （与将来相反） 即使华佗来了也救不了他。 Though he should fail, there would still be hope. （与将来相反） 就算他失败了，也仍然有希望。 2). 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh- 等引导的让步状语从句中，主句结构不限，从句虚拟语气结构为： a. may +动词原形do(指现在或将来)。 e.g. We will finish it on time whatever/ no matter what may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 b.  may +have done (指过去) 。如： e.g. You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。 We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。 3. 方式状语从句 由as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。主句结构不限，从句虚拟语气结构为： a. 与过去事实相反：as if/ though +主语+ had done b.与现在事实相反：as if/ though +主语+ did (be 用were ) c.与将来事实相反：as if/ though +主语+ were to/would / could / might / should do e.g. They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. (与过去事实相反) 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。 He coughed twice as if someone should come. (与将来事实相反) 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。 The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. (与现在事实相反) 老师就像对她自己的孩子一般对待这个学生。 4. 原因状语从句 在amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。主句结构不限，从句虚拟语气的结构为： a. should + 原形动词do (指现在或将来)。 e.g. He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。 b. should + 完成式（have done）, 指过去。 e.g. I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。 I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟知道我昨天所做的事情。 · 练一练： 一. 选择题 1. He talked as if he ________ all the work himself, but actually he just bossed his inferiors around. A. had done B. did C. has done D. would have done 2. Here is a shilling in case you________ it. A. may need B. should need C. need D. will need 3. They met for the first time, but they talked happily as though they ________ good friends for a long time. A. were B. had been C. would be D. have been 4. I was astonished that he ________ such an easy question. A. can’t answer B. wouldn’t answer C. should not answer D. didn’t answer 5. We will find him no matter where he________. A. was B. has been C. would be D. may be 四. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 当主句含有:建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时，后面的从句结构为： a. 表示现在： 主语+ (should)+do b. 表示过去：主语+ (should)+ have done 但注意，若从句中含有”竟然，惊讶，诧异”之意时，”should”则不可以省。 1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1).在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，表示建议、要求、决定或命令等，其谓语动词形式为: (should) do，其中should可以省略，主句中的时态不限。 e.g. The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄。 The workers demanded that their pay (should) be raised. 工人们要求增加工资。 He insisted that John (should) do the job. 他坚决要求约翰干这项工作。 [注意] a. insist作 “力言” 、 “强调” 解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 e.g. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克力言他从未偷过东西。 He insisted that he was a student. 他坚称自己是学生。 只有当作“坚决要求”、“坚持要”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。 e.g. I insist she （should）go there with her mother. 我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。 b. suggest作 “暗示” 、 “表明” 解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 e.g. Her pale face suggested that she was ill. 苍白的脸上可以看出，她病了。 只有当suggest作“建议”解时，才用虚拟语气。 e.g. We suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off until next Saturday. 我们建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。 2).动词wish后面的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望。汉语一般译为 “但愿…” ， “可惜…” 等。 a. 现在： 主语 + wish (that)...did (were)...  e.g. I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！ I wish I could help you. 但愿我能帮助你。 b.过去：主语 + wish (that)...had done… e.g. She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。 c. 将来： 主语 + wish (that)... could/would/might do e.g. I wish you would be more careful in future. 希望你今后会更小心一些才好。 3).在would rather/sooner， would prefer（宁愿）后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，结构为： a. 表示现在事实或将来：would rather/sooner/ prefer +主语+did(be 用were) b. 表示过去: would rather/sooner/ prefer +主语+ had done e.g. I would rather he came next Saturday. 我宁愿他下星期六来。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long. 我倒希望他在那儿不要呆得太久。 I would sooner she had left the heavy work to me. 我宁愿她把重活留给了我。 2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 1). 在句型 "It is important /necessary/strange/impossible/ natural…that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： a. 表示现在： 主语+ should +do b. 表示过去： 主语+ should+ have done e.g. It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should have done so. 她这样做是很自然的。 2). 在句型"It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered) that .... "中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： 主语+(should )+动词原形do e.g. It was suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off until next Saturday. 大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我们到今晚将一切准备就绪。 3). 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为： should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。should 翻译为“竟然”，不省略。 (1) It is odd / sad / annoying / disappointing / surprising / frightening / strange / peculiar...that... (2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder...that... (3) It worries/surprises me that... e.g. It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。 It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见面。 It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。 3.  表语从句中的虚拟语气 由suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal等名词做主语的句子里，其表语从句用虚拟语气表示建议、命令或要求等。从句中的谓语动词形式为: (should)+动词原形。  e.g. My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village.  我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。     Their proposal is that we (should)set up a spare time school for them.  他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校。 4. 同位语从句中的虚拟语气    作名词suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan等的同位语从句中用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为：（should）+动词原形，其中should可以省略。 e.g.  We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.  我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。   What do you think of the idea that we （should） begin the second experiment at once?  你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？   · 练一练： 一. 选择题 1. It is essential that these application forms ___________ out as early as possible. A. must be given B. will be given C. are given D. should be given 2. How I wish every family ___________ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 3. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___________ ill, and her parents suggested that she ___________ a medical examination. A. be ... should have B. was …have C. should be …had D. was ... has 4. I’d rather you ________that. A. don’t B. won’t do C. hadn’t done D. haven’t done 5. The workers are working hard to meet the request that the railway ________ to traffic on May 1st. A. will be open B. is open C. be open D. must open 二. 语法填空 1. I wish I ___________ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. had been 2. Experts advised that parents ___________ (discourage) children from doing homework by using electronic equipment too much. (should) discourage 1. It is required by law that a driving test ___________ (be) taken before a man gets a license. (should) be 2. It is required by law that a driving test ___________ (be) taken before a man gets a license. (should) be 3. 3. It is required by law that a driving test ___________ (be) taken before a man gets a license. (should) be 4. We would rather our daughter ___________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. stayed 5. We are all for Mary’s suggestion that the meeting________. (should) be put off 五.定语从句中的虚拟语气  英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about/ the very/quite) time that + 主语+ did sth/ should do sth e.g.  It is time we went to bed.   该上床睡觉了。 It’s about time you should begin your work. 你该开始工作了。 六.其它句型中的虚拟语气 1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。 结构常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如： Would you mind my shutting the door?  我把门关起来你介意吗？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如： May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last forever! 祝你青春永驻。 3. 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如： You should have got here earlier. 你本应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你本应该把它还给他了。 4.  If only...: 表示强烈的不满，遗憾或愿望，意为： “要是/如果......该多好啊/就好了！”  a. 表示现在或将来：if only sb did (be 用were) sth； b. 表示将来： if only sb. would/could/ might do sth c. 表示过去： if only sb. had done sth （注意：“only if ...”意为“只要......”，不用虚拟语气）  e.g. If only I could see him once more! 我要是再见到他就好了！  If only we had telephoned him in advance! 要是事先给他打个电话就好了！  · 练一练： 一. 选择题 1. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ___________ the doctor’s advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 2. It’s high time you ___________ . A. start to work B. would start to work C. started to work D. had started to work 3. _______there never be another world war! A. Must B. Will C. Can D. May 4. I’m fed up with the wet weather. It is time I ___________a picnic for some sunshine. A. should have B. have C. would have D. to have 5. If only I _____the flight!  A. hadn’t missed B. haven’t missed   C. didn’t miss   D. don’t miss 虚拟语气专项练习 一. 选择题 1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 2. I wish the train ______already; then I could have got home before breakfast. A. arrives B. had arrived C. would arrive D. arrived 3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get         B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got 4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison. A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_____. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _____ wrong with him. A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should go; is 8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today. ---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than today. A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 9. ---Would you have called her up? ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day; Otherwise, I ____ the sports meet. A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. A. Had it not been for   B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going. A. had been, would have prevented   B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent            D. were, would have prevented 13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam. A. If he were to work    B. Had he worked  C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. ____today, he would get there by Friday. A. Were he to leave B. If he had left   C. Did he to leave   D. Had he left 15. He gave orders that the prisoners ______ free. A. are set B. be set C. were set D. set 16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come   B. did come   C. come    D. had come 17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment. A. was, had helped   B. was, would have helped       C. had been, would have helped  D. were, would have helped 18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday. A. were not, could have climb   B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed     D. hadn’t been, could climb 19. How I wish I ______ a university student and ______ at university now! A. am; study B. was; study C. were; were studying D. were; studied 20. It’s too noisy. I wish you______ down the radio. A. can turn B. will C. would turn D. are to turn 21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home. A. stayed  B. could stay     C. has stayed     D. stay 22. It was requested that the play ____again. A. should put on B. would put on   C. be put on  D. put on 23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately. A. had sent for   B. send    C. be sent for       D. was sent 24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness? ----Yes, but ____it. A. I’d rather not do    B. I’d rather not have done       C. I should’ t do   D. I’d better not do 25. ________I known he needed the money so badly, I might have managed to help him. A. unless B. had C. when D. if 26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth. A. is  B. would be C. were    D. wouldn’t be 27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being. A. do  B. didn’t do C. don’t  D. didn’t 28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son. A. is  B. were    C. had been    D. should be 29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more! A. were    B. could become   C. had been   D. should be 30. It is required that a passenger’s luggage ___________ for security before he boards the plane. A. checked B. would be checked C. should be checked D. had been checked 31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying. A. even if, was  B. though, would be    C. even, had been    D. as if, were 32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. had not B. did not have had     C. hadn’t had       D. hadn’t have 33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again. A. will discuss   B. to discuss     C. should discuss D. will be discussed 34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops. A. help    B. to help C. helped  D. helping 35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules A. obeys   B. obey    C. will obey  D. would obey 36. I wish I ____here then. A. was     B. had been   C. were    D. would be 37. It is strange that he ____back so early. A. came    B. will come  C. had come   D. should have come 38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV A. did     B. do  C. shall do   D. have done 39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till next Sunday A. be put  B. put     C. should put     D. had been put 40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there. A. had been   B. has been   C. was      D. been 41. I think it is high time you ______action. A. will take B. took C. take D. are taking 42. If the teacher hadn’t explained it to me, I ________the problem so well. A. would never be understood B. had never understood C. would never have understood D. will never have understood 43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning A. would, have washed    B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing   D. could have, had washing 44. If you were offered a trip to the moon, ________you ________it? A. will; accept B. do accept C. would; accept D. are; going to accept 45. ----How could I thank you enough? ---Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it. A. must do B. could do C. would have done     D. should have done 46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue. A. be, be delayed B. is, delay      C. should be, be delayed D. is, be delayed 47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths. A. it would have been  B. it would be    C. there would be D. there would have been 48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes. A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver  D. demand, delivered 49. If you learned to swim, you ________ safer in the water. A. will feel B. would feel C. feel D. felt 50. It is time ______ A. we go to bed B. he goes to bed C. we went to bed D. he go to bed 51. Yesterday, Lisa walked away from the discussion; otherwise, she _______something she would regret later. A. might have said B. had said C. might say D. said 52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on    D. will put on 53. I hope that you ____ right. A. will be B. should be  C. were    D. would be 54. They must have liked the apartment; otherwise, they _______so long. A. wouldn’t stay B. wouldn’t have stayed C. won't stay D. didn’t stay 55. ________I known he needed the money so badly, I might have managed to help him. A. unless B. had C. when D. if 56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. A. has come   B. did come   C. had come   D. came 57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead. A. must have studied B. might study    C. would study    D. would have studied 58. If it _____for the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week. A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been , could have climbed   D. had not been, could climb 59. If only I _____ my watch!  A. hadn’t lost  B. haven’t lost    C. didn’t lost   D. don’t lose  60. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.  A. may not make             B. might not make  C. shouldn’t have made        D. may not have made  61. She ran as if she ________wings on her feet. A. had B. has had C. has D. is having 62. I ______you much money, but I _____you lacked money then. A. could lend; didn’t know B. could have lent; don’t know C. could have lent; didn’t know D. would have lent, don’t know 63. ______ prosperous and strong! A. May your country become B. Hope you country become C. Let your country become D. Your country it becoming 64. ________. I would paint the wall white. A. if I have been you B. If I will be you C. If I were you D. If I would be you 65. ---Have you been to Beijing? ---No, but I wish ______. A. had B. have C. do D. had 66. He looked as if he ______himself for years. A. doesn’t wash B. hasn’t washed C. hadn’t washed D. wouldn’t wash 67. If only it ______now! A. were snowing B. is snowing C. snows D. snowed 68. I wish I ______the meeting last week. A. attended B. had attended C. could attend D. have attended 69. His hair is too long. His parents wish he ______it cut. A. would have B. will have C. has D. had 70. ---Is your father a model worker? ---No, but how he wishes he ______. A. had been B.am C. were D. was 二. 语法填空 1. I’d rather my son _____（go）to university right now. went 2. The librarian insisted that John ______(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. take 3. I do not have a job. I would find one but I ______(have) no time. have 4. He insisted that we all ______(be) in his office at one o’clock. Be 5. It is high time that we ____ (hold) a meeting to discuss this problem. held    6. If her husband had not liked the dress, she _________ (return) it. would have returned 7. But for the leadership of our Party, we _________(not succeed) couldn’t have succeeded 8. If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night, you _________(meet) Lily already. would have met 9. The teacher suggested that each student_________(make) a plan for the vacation. make 10. Frankly, I’d rather you _________(not do) anything about it for the time being. didn’t do 11. It's high time you _________(start) to work. started 12. We required that the machine parts _________(make) of cast iron. be made 13. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we_________ (be)late. would have been 14. It is required that the machine_________ (oil) twice a year. be oiled 15. His teacher’s recommendation is that he _________(begin) a regular degree program. begin 16. What do you think of his proposal that improvements _________(make) in the old type of vacuum cleaner? be made 17. If only I ______(can) speak French now! could 18. If we had been more careful, we _________(get) much better results. would have got 19. Sally can’t have written to me or I _________(get) the letter by now. would have got 20. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _________(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. had 21. It is essential that every child ______(have)the same educational opportunities. have 22. We _________(face) the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? could have faced 23.Don’t handle the vase as if it _________ (be) made of steel. were 24. If we _________(not make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. Hadn’t made 25. We lost our way in the small village, otherwise we _________(visit) more places of interest yesterday. would have visited 26. Lisa doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _________(live) there, she wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often. were to live 27. They_________(arrive) at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. Should have arrived 28. ---Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. ---I wish they _________(not be) always late. weren’t 29. Maybe if I _________(study) science, and not literature then, I would e able to give you more help. had studied 30. He insisted that we_________（start）early the next morning. start   31. –I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _________(steal) it. might have stolen 32. ---Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. ---I _________(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. Would have attended 33. I _________(not go) through that bitter period without your generous help. couldn’t have gone 34. It _________(not be) the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock. can’t be 35. We _________(put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. would have put 36. If my car _________(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Nanjing last week. had been 37.She often wishes that she ______ (ride)a horse. could ride 38. How I wish I ____ (not try) to repair the watch! I only made it worse. hadn’t tried  39. I _________(come) sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. would have come 40. I wish I ______(be) a young man again. were 41. ---Helen couldn’t go to France after all! ---That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if she _________(go). had gone 42. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____(be) all right now. would be   43. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ (finish) before eleven. be finished    44. I wish our teacher _________(not go) to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet. weren’t going 45. The doctor’s suggestion is that the patient _________ (not tell) about his real condition. not be told 9 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$