7 课时精练(六) Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(六)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．This is my best friend，for whom I want to buy a present because it is his birthday tomorrow. 2．China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 3．Thank you for your letter，which really made me happy. 4．Understanding her good intentions，I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation. 5．In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 6．When western people talk about the cities of China，the first of which comes to their mind is Peking. 7．The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way. 8．As is often the case with old people，my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 9．We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 10．In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them. 维度二　语法与写作 1．He changed his mind at the last minute，which made me very angry． 他在最后一刻改变了主意，这确实让我生气。 2．After graduation he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up． 毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。 3．As is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress. 正如报纸上报道的那样，这两个国家之间的会谈正在取得进展。 4．We should help the child whose family is poor． 我们应该帮助这个家庭贫困的孩子。 5．I will never forget the day when I was admitted into a university． 我永远不会忘记我被大学录取的那一天。 维度三　语法与语篇 I work in a big company，1.where the working conditions are very good.Tom，2.who is the boss of our company，said the meeting would be put off until next Friday，3.when all of the workers would be in the company.He said each of the workers would get a souvenir after the meeting，4.which made all workers very excited.However，the reason，for 5.which the meeting was put off，is not known. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·山东省菏泽市高二期末) An about 2­meter­wide alley，or “Liu Chi Xiang” in Chinese，now attracts floods of visitors in east China’s Anhui Province.It has a household’s ancient story hidden behind it，which vividly explains the spirit of tolerance and non­contention(不争)widely accepted in China. During the Period of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty，one of his ministers，Zhang Ying，received a letter from his hometown of Tongcheng City in Anhui one day.From the letter，Zhang learned that his family quarreled with their neighbor，Wu’s family，over the two sides’ house boundary.The local court struggled to reach a final judgement since both families enjoyed high reputation in Tongcheng.Zhang’s family wrote the letter hoping that Zhang，a high­ranking official in the imperial palace，could force the Wu family to give in.However，Zhang wrote a poem back saying，“Writing a letter from home，miles away，just for a wall.All that argument over one meter or two.Looking at the ten­thousand­mile long Great Wall，long gone is its builder Emperor Qinshihuang.” His reply enlightened(开导)the family members as the wall was merely a temporary(暂时的)structure.It was the close relationship with their neighbors that mattered.They decided to move their wall about one meter back for their neighbor.In turn，the Wu family was deeply touched by their generosity and retreated another meter backward in building their wall.It created an about two­meter­wide narrow “alley” between the houses. More than 30 decades later in modern China，Tongcheng has become a national historical and cultural city，a statement released by the State Council said on Nov.12. Many locals still live in tiny houses next to each other and share walls with their neighbors.Some problems like noise and division of responsibility when it comes to a broken wall are commonplaces.About 98 percent are successfully handled thanks to the virtues of modesty and harmony rooted in the local culture. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了六尺巷的故事，以及其中诠释的“宽容、不争”的中华美德及其对后世的影响。 1．What can we know about “Liu Chi Xiang”？ A．It shows a traditional virtue. B．It was built by Emperor Kangxi. C．It was used to memorize Zhang Ying. D．It is as well­known as the Great Wall. A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“It has a household’s ancient ...widely accepted in China.”可知，六尺巷生动地诠释了宽容和不争的精神。故六尺巷显示了中华传统美德，故选A项。] 2．What did Zhang Ying want to express in the poem? A．He supported his family to go to court. B．He advised his family never to give in to their neighbors. C．He wanted his family to build a great wall between the houses. D．He expected his family to keep a good relationship with their neighbors. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“His reply enlightened(开导)the family... their neighbors that mattered.”可知，张英的回信启发了家人，这堵墙只是一座临时建筑，而重要的是他们与邻居的亲密关系。由此可推断出，张英的诗是要族人以和谐的邻里关系为重，故选D项。] 3．What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph? A．Zhang Ying’s story has an impact on the local culture. B．A narrow alley between the houses is a must. C．Modesty is useless in disputes and conflicts. D．People in Tongcheng live in tiny houses. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“About 98 percent are successfully ...rooted in the local culture.”可知，由于根植于当地文化的谦虚和和谐的美德，大约98%的问题都能成功处理。由此可推断出，六尺巷的故事体现出的“宽容和不争”的处世哲学对当地的民风有重要的影响，故选A项。] 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．One wall，one family B．No fight，no union C．Narrow alley，broad minds D．Clear boundary，peaceful life C　[标题归纳题。本文讲述了六尺巷的故事，以及其中诠释的“宽容、不争”的中华美德。C项(巷道窄，心胸宽)为最佳标题。] B (2022·山东省青岛莱西市高二期末) Do you want a simple T­shirt that could cool you down by up to 5℃ on the hot summer days? Thanks to a recent discovery，the possibility is getting closer.While there are many alternatives that manage to keep the body warm，this amazing invention aims to offer real relief for those who are eager to feel comfortable and fresh in the outdoors on extremely hot days. Its inventors，engineers Ma Yaoguang of Zhejiang University and Tao Guangming of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China，took a completely creative approach.They designed a special textile(纺织物) that can absorb body heat and re­emit(重发出)its energy into space as mid­infrared radiation (MIR).This textile cools both the objects and their surroundings through a technique that is known as radiative cooling.Science reveals.This means that even when it looks like you are wearing a regular shirt，you are actually wearing a device that works like a mirror. A research conducted at Stanford University in 2017 had already managed to cool the wearer by 3℃，but this previous study was limited.So researchers still need to test the new approach to determine how effectively the new fabric cools while the wearers are standing or walking，and not directly facing the sky.They also need to examine and measure how well it works when T­shirts are not in close contact with the skin. Inventors Yaoguang and Guangming are now looking out for textile manufacturers(制造商)and clothing brands that are interested in using their fabric.They estimate that the new material will increase clothing manufacturing costs by just 10 percent.“We can make it with mass production，which means everybody can get a T­shirt and the cost is basically the same as their old stuff，” Yaoguang said. So if you are an athlete or simply someone that has to deal with the extremely high temperatures，be patient because your days of feeling hot and bothered may be coming to an end! 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以在炎热的天气里给人们降温的T恤，详细介绍了其工作原理以及未来的发展方向。 5．What is the purpose of the new invention? A．To warm up people’s body. B．To cool people off in hot weather. C．To detect the wearers’ temperature. D．To protect clothes from becoming wet. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“this amazing invention aims to...on extremely hot days”可知，这项新发明的目的是在炎热的天气里给人们降温，故选B项。] 6．How does the special product work? A．By turning sunlight into energy. B．By sending out absorbed heat. C．By keeping heat out completely. D．By using light colors to reflect sunlight. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“They designed a special textile(纺织物)... mid­infrared radiation (MIR).”可知，这种特殊产品的工作原理是通过散发吸收的热量来工作，故选B项。] 7．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The invention needs further testing. B．The previous studies lack evidence. C．The new fabric has a good cooling effect. D．The new fabric applies to various situations. A　[段落大意题。根据第三段中重要信息“but this previous study was limited...the new approach”及“They also need to examine and measure”可知，本段介绍了这项发明需要进一步测试，故选A项。] 8．Which of the following statements can best describe the invention of the T­shirt? A．Barking up the wrong tree. B．Robbing Peter to pay Paul. C．Kill two birds with one stone. D．Putting the cart before the horse. C　[推理判断题。根据文章可知，这种T恤可以降温；根据倒数第二段中“We can make it with mass... the same as their old stuff”可知，这种T恤经济实惠。由此可推断出，这种T恤的发明是一举两得的，故选C项。] C (2022·安徽省滁州市部分学校高二下学期) Have you ever found yourself starting to yawn just because you saw someone else do it? It’s not your imagination：Yawns really are contagious(传染的)! Scientists have been trying for a while to figure out why yawns are so easy to “catch”．But for now，they’re not even sure why the yawns you let out when you’re sleepy or bored happen.It’s possible that a yawn serves to cool down your brain or other parts of your body.It might serve to keep your body alert when you’re tired. That’s one theory about why yawns are contagious.If they’re meant to perk(振作)us up when we might be in danger，it’s useful for them to spread quickly through a group.It’s common for social animals such as humans to copy one another’s behaviors to fit in，especially when that behavior is something that might be useful to their survival.That’s why some research focuses on whether contagious yawning is related to empathy (同理心). “Empathy can be defined by the ability to understand，share and be affected by the states or emotions of others.So，if seeing someone yawn makes you yawn in response，this action could be placed within a category (范畴)of empathy，” says Andrew C．Gallup，a professor of psychology.Some studies have tried to see whether people and animals with more empathy are more likely to catch yawns.But Gallup says more study is needed to know for sure. While yawns and their catchiness remain unclear，we do know we’re not alone in spreading them around.Scientists have seen evidence of monkeys and dogs catching yawns.Dogs actually catch yawns from humans，not other dogs.If we can figure out why these animals share yawns with their friends，it might help us understand why we do it，too.“There are a number of other behaviors that are contagious，such as laughing and itching.” Gallup says.One thing is certain：reading this story probably made you yawn! 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了打哈欠会传染的原因。 9．Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph? A．To introduce how yawns are copied. B．To stress the importance of empathy. C．To let readers notice the fact that yawns can be caught. D．To show the influence of yawning on social relationships. C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“It’s not your imagination：Yawns really are contagious(传染的)！”可推断出，作者在第一段中提出问题是为了让读者注意到打哈欠是可以被传染的事实，故选C项。] 10．How is Paragraph 3 developed? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing reasons. C．By describing processes. D．By making comparisons. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“That’s one theory about why yawns are contagious.”可推断出，第三段主要分析了为什么打哈欠会传染的原因，故选B项。] 11．What does Andrew C．Gallup say about catching yawns? A．It increases understanding between each other. B．It should be avoided in social occasions. C．It has something to do with empathy. D．It helps lift people’ s spirits. C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Empathy can be defined by the ability...category(范畴)of empathy”可知，Andrew C．Gallup认为打哈欠会传染与同理心有关，故选C项。] 12．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Dogs catch yawns from other dogs. B．Humans can catch yawns from their pets. C．Laughter is more contagious than yawns. D．Reading about yawns can also make people yawn. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One thing is certain：reading this story probably made you yawn！”可推断出，我们能从最后一段中了解到阅读关于哈欠的文章也会让人打哈欠，故选D项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2022·广东省广州市执信中学高二期中) Children may not be putting coins into piggy banks for much longer.With the move towards a cashless society，pocket money is moving digital. To reflect this trend，a number of mobile budgeting apps for children have sprung up worldwide. 1 Parents can add money to children’s accounts，set limits and monitor transactions，while children can choose to save their money or spend it using a prepaid card.The companies behind the apps argue that in an increasingly cashless society，they can be a valuable way of teaching young children about money. 2 These apps aim to overcome this，claiming to teach children financial concepts，such as budgeting，interest rates and income.For instance，the Swedish app Gimi has virtual savings jars where children can deposit money；parents can pay children interest as they save.Philip Haglund，CEO of Gimi believes the app has certain advantages like teaching responsible real­life spending habits，while schools tend to focus more on economic theory.“You don’t become better at money management just because you have a degree in economics. 3 ” he says. One concern is that introducing digital money apps to young children could help to encourage irresponsible spending habits.“What if children don’t have a good foundation in financial capability? 4 They won’t learn about the real value of money and might develop bad money habits.” says an expert. However，Haglund says it is important for kids to learn and make mistakes，“We want to help kids and teenagers gain financial skills for life. 5 If you’re going to make a mistake of ￡10 at eight，it’s better than making a mistake of ￡1，000 when you’re 28，”he says. A．The earlier，the better. B．They offer a simple money management service for children. C．There’s a risk that money apps could be seen as just another game. D．The growth of digital banking has affected how parents give pocket money. E．Now money is being transferred through cyberspace，which is really abstract. F．It’s more about the attitude and the relationship you have with parents’ money. G．30% teenagers are unable to make simple financial decisions，according to a global survey. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了对给孩子零花钱开始变得“移动化”提出了不同的观点。 1．B　[根据上文“To reflect this trend... sprung up worldwide.”可知，B项承接上文，说明这些手机应用的功能是什么。故选B。] 2．G　[根据下文“These apps aim to overcome this...interest rates and income.”可知，G项符合文意。下文中“overcome this”对应G项中“30% teenagers are unable to make simple financial decisions”这个问题。故选G。] 3．F　[根据上文“You don’t become better ... have a degree in economics.”可知，F项承接上文，说明理财重要的是哪一方面。故选F。] 4．C　[根据上文“What if children ... financial capability？”及下文“They won’t learn about the real value of money and might develop bad money habits.”可知，C项回答了上文所问的问题，下文说明C项所导致的后果。故选C。] 5．A　[根据上文“We want to help kids and teenagers gain financial skills for life.”及下文“If you’re going to make a．.. ￡l，000 when you’re 28”可知，A项(越早越好。)切题。A项承接上文，下文是对A项的具体说明。故选A。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·山东省滨州市高二期末) A new subway station in Moscow 1. features a number of Chinese design elements will soon become another landmark for Sino­Russian friendship and 2. (cooperate).The station as well as the other two on the southwestern section of the Moscow Metro 3. (stand) on the third transfer line of the city’s subway system. 4. (show) respect for the Chinese constructors and friendship between China and Russia，Chinese­style designs have been adopted for the platform at the new station.The lamps 5. (decorate) with auspicious clouds，while the ceiling is in the form of a Chinese checkerboard. According to Chen Zhuang，one of the designers，the style 6. (adopt) for the new station is “unique and consistent”，while the overall concept is modern.Design and aesthetic standards in China and Russia differ greatly，as Russia has 7. (large) inherited those of the former Soviet Union，but China’s design philosophy is based more on traditional elements.Combining the different standards of the two countries is one of the toughest 8. (task).“The Chinese­style platform is just 9. small part of the design，and we have to do more work and communicate 10. (far) on the subway structure，and other functions in underground construction，” he said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国将在莫斯科建立一座以大量的中国设计元素为特征的新的莫斯科地铁站。 1．解析：　that/which　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词A new subway station，本空在从句中作主语、指物，应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 2．解析：　cooperation　考查词性转换。本空和空前名词friendship并列，都作介词for的宾语，本空应用名词，故填cooperation。 3．解析：　will stand　考查动词的时态。根据前文中“will soon become”可知，这个中国元素的地铁站还未建好，应用一般将来时，故填will stand。 4．解析：　To show　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，本空应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填To show。 5．解析：　are decorated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空后分句的谓语动词is可知，本空应用一般现在时，且句子主语The lamps与动词decorate之间是被动关系，本空应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填are decorated。 6．解析：　adopted　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作后置定语，修饰名词the style，被修饰名词the style和动词adopt之间为被动关系，本空应用过去分词形式作定语，故填adopted。 7．解析：　largely　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词inherited，应用副词，故填largely。 8．解析：　tasks　考查名词的单复数。one of the toughest (task)为“one of＋可数名词复数”形式，本空应用名词复数，故填tasks。 9．解析：　a　考查冠词。空后名词part为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，故填a。 10．解析：　further　考查副词的比较级。根据句意及空前more可知，本空应用比较级形式，故填further。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$