UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Using language 动词的时态 语法串烧 我的发现 　　I am a Senior Two student who loves① English.My English teacher speaks so clearly that I can understand what she is explaining② in class.I have been learning③ English for almost ten years but I haven’t read④ many English books so far.Luckily，my English is improving⑤ now.In the past，I was wondering⑥ what if I would make⑦ mistakes.My teacher once told⑧ me，“Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.You will make⑨ progress through mistakes.” ①使用一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性动作； ②⑤⑥运用现在进行时和过去进行时，表示正在进行的动作； ③运用现在完成进行时，强调动作的进行； ④使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响； ⑦运用过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作； ⑧使用一般过去时，表示过去的动作； ⑨运用一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作。 考点1　最常考的3种时态 1．一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。 We all respect her because she always tries new ways to make her classes lively and interesting. 我们都尊敬她，因为她总是尝试新的方法使她的课生动有趣。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作或事件。常见的动词(词组)有go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come，take off等。 The flight takes off in twenty minutes—we will never make it. 飞机还有20分钟就要起飞了，我们赶不上了。 (3)如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow，we’ll have a trip. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去旅行。 2．一般过去时 表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom等表示频率的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。 We met her in the street yesterday. 昨天我们在街上遇见了她。 When he was young，he took cold baths regularly. 他年轻时经常洗冷水澡。 学生用书第23页 [名师点津]　在含有时间状语从句的主从复合句中，若两个动作接连发生，一般不用过去完成时，而用一般过去时，尤其是在含有before与after的主从复合句中。 I closed the window before I left the room. 我在离开房间之前关上了窗。 3．现在完成时 (1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet，before，recently，once，lately等表示过去时间的状语连用。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the Moon. 中国已经成为第一个在月球远侧着陆航天器的国家。 (2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。常与 so far，up to now，since，in the past few years等表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 (3)在时间、条件状语从句中可使用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 He will be back before I have finished my work. 我完成工作之前他会回来的。 (4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 ①It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句 It is/has been more than 4，000 years since the Chinese began to grow and drink tea. 中国人开始种植和饮用茶已经有4 000多年的历史了。 ②在“It/This is the first/second/third ...time＋that 从句”句型中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 As far as I know，it is the first time that you have decided to celebrate the Chinese New Year，which will impress you greatly. 据我所知，这是你第一次决定过中国新年，这将给你留下深刻的印象。 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 (1)There，he not only did well as a student but also became (become) an accomplished public speaker. (2)Being too anxious often results(result) in the contrary to our intention ultimately. (3)It’s said that not getting enough sleep leads(lead) to poor judgment，lack of creativity，and even depression. (4)The boy opened (open) his eyes for a moment，looked at his mother，and then fell asleep. (5)To my great joy，my hometown has experienced (experience) great changes in the past few years. 考点2　过去完成时和现在完成进行时 1．过去完成时 (1)表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态，常与by，by the end of，by the time，before，since，until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。 I had put away my cellphone before my father came back. 在我爸爸回来之前我已经把我的手机收起来了。 By the end of yesterday，we had received over 1，000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1 000多封信。 学生用书第24页 (2)表示“希望、打算、认为”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，wish，plan，intend)用过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划。 To Sam’s surprise，his parents’ reaction was far beyond what he had expected. 令Sam惊讶的是，他父母的反应远远超出了他的预期。 (3)在“hardly (scarcely) ...when ...”，“no sooner ...than ...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。 Mac had hardly stood up when the wolf arrived and was about to launch another attack. Mac刚站起来，狼就来了，正要发动另一次进攻。 (4)在“It/This was the first(second，etc.) time＋that从句” 句型中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had truly realized the meaning of the gift—patience. 这是我第一次真正体会到这份礼物的意义——耐心。 2．现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时由“have/has＋been＋doing”构成，表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，强调动作的进行，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。 If you are interested in Chinese calligraphy，I will be glad to help you，as I have been practicing it these days. 如果你对中国书法感兴趣，我很乐意帮助你，因为我这些天一直在练习。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 (1)For thousands of years before western medicine was introduced into China，traditional Chinese medicine had played(play) a unique role in preventing and treating diseases. (2)Chinese people have been celebrating(celebrate) Mid-Autumn Festival for centuries and I like it best. (3)I have been writing (write) a report about the environment here over the last few days，which I have to hand in next week. (4)We had intended(intend) to help you，but we were too busy to get away. 考点3　现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时 1．现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 He is working on a paper.他在写一篇论文。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常见的动词有go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，stay，have等。 I’m leaving for Beijing next month. 我下个月要去北京。 2．过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他在读一本有趣的书。 (2)表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有：leave，start，arrive，go，come 等。 She arrived just as we were leaving. 她到的时候我们正要离开。 学生用书第25页 3．将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 I’ll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我将要干些家务活。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 (1)Robert will be cooking (cook)dinner at this time tomorrow. (2)The workers are building(build) a new bridge across the river now. (3)Joan told us she was leaving(leave) for Wuhan next Saturday. 考点4　一般将来时和过去将来时 1．一般将来时 (1)“will/shall ＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时做出的决定。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)最终会获得成功。 (2)“be going to do”表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事情；根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。 Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer. 史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻女一起游览北京。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when引导的时间状语从句连用。 The train is about to start.火车就要开了。 (4)“be to do”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。 By the way，after the contest，I am to drop in at your university to visit you. 顺便说一句，比赛结束后，我将顺便去你们大学看望你们。 2．过去将来时 表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作、存在的状态或过去的意图、打算。 My brother-in-law was laughing so hard that I thought he would fall off his chair. 我姐夫笑得很厉害，我以为他会从椅子上摔下来。 ◎巧学活用4——单句语法填空 (1)Whenever we had trouble，he would come(come) to help us. (2)He said the train was leaving (leave) at six the next morning. (3)I am busy reviewing my lessons because I will have (have) an exam tomorrow. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$