UNIT 10 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版2019）

课时测评2　Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 (时间：45分钟　满分：86.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共9分) 1．The scales can be used to weigh other items such as parcels (包裹). 2．Factories are grouped in the southern suburb(郊区) of the city. 3．She burst into tears，releasing(释放) all her pent-up emotions. 4．His theories (理论) are somewhat remote from reality. 5．Oil is put in machinery to reduce the friction(摩擦). 6．It’s one of the reasons we love stories so much；they give meaning to what might otherwise be random(随机的) events. 7．A chain(链子) consists of metal rings connected together in a line. 8．Each of these pages has hot links to other documents throughout the network. 9．I have been working in a grocery store for two years. 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．He needs all the support and encouragement(encourage) he can get. 2．Whatever I saw and heard on my trip gave me a very deep impression (impress). 3．The council recently drew fire for its intervention(intervene) in the dispute. 4．We can’t focus on our homework as a result of the disturbing(disturb) noise. 5．We had a disagreement(disagree) about the fee for the work. 6．We apologise(apology) for the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused. 7．In order to avoid conflicting with each other in tradition，you are supposed to arrive early so that you can help your friend’s family prepare the dinner. 8．In theory，these machines should last for ten years or more. 维度三　完成句子/句式升级(每小题4分，共12分) 1．加入我们一起成为志愿管理人员，在为社区带来好处的同时也能提升你自己的技能。(状语从句的省略) Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities. 2．他们用手托着下巴，专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。(with复合结构) With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 3．I didn’t realize a small act of care can melt people’s loneliness until I experienced the event. →It was not until I experienced the event that I realized a small act of care can melt people’s loneliness. (强调句) 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can 1．be connected(connect) to any other person through a chain of no more 2．than five other people. Up to now，it has experienced some stages as follows：In 3．the 1950s，two scientists attempted 4．to prove(prove) the theory mathematically，but failed. In 1967，Stanley Milgram tried 5．using(use) a new method to test the theory called the “small-world problem”．In 2001，Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet 6．known(know) as the “Columbia Small-world Project”．In 2011，the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media 7．users(user) and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages，or five degrees of 8．separation(separate). Above all，think about it for a minute：How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you 9．regularly(regular) take or the person 10．who delivers your parcels? [素能提升练] Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·河北保定一中开学考试) Geoff Banks and Celesta Byrne met as part of an educational project to put British and American students in contact and they still keep in touch with each other. Centenarians (百岁老人), Geoff Banks from Devon, Britain, and Celesta Byrne, from the US, started writing to each other at the age of 16 in 1938．The former engineer Geoff even kept in touch with Celesta during WWⅡ．They, now, can talk to each other on the Internet. They recently had their first call giving Geoff a break from putting pen to paper that he said he found difficult at his age. Despite having chatted for decades, the pair have only ever met twice—first in 2002 while Geoff visited New York at the age of 80, and then again two years later. Celesta was living in New Jersey at that time, and then she moved to live near family in Texas. Geoff said, “I had worked abroad for a number of years but had not been to the US for some time. Celesta was in New Jersey, so we decided to meet up in New York for a short Christmas trip. We just talked about daily lives and our families. In one of my early letters, I sent her a copy of a British paper in 1953 which had Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ’s coronation (加冕) on the front of it. ” Despite having such a special relationship, the pair deny there was ever any romance there. Both have been married, with Geoff’s wife having passed away in 2011．Geoff is now a great grandfather, having sadly survived his daughter but still having three sons scattered across the world and many more grandchildren. They felt grateful to the educational project, which gave them the chance of being friends. They are friends, like people who live next door. They value their friendship and think it’s nice to hear friends’ voices. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1938年，Geoff Banks和Celesta Byrne相识于一个教育项目。自那时起，他们一直保持着联系。 1．How did Geoff know Celesta? A．By a friend. B．By joining in a party. C．By surfing the Internet. D．By an educational program. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Geoff Banks and Celesta Byrne met as part of an educational project to put British and American students in contact and they still keep in touch with each other. ”可知，Geoff和 Celesta相识于一个教育项目。故选D。 2．What was Geoff before he retired? A．A teacher. B．A mechanic. C．An engineer. D．A soldier. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The former engineer Geoff even kept in touch with Celesta during WWⅡ．”可知，Geoff曾是一名工程师。故选C。 3．Where did Celesta live when she met Geoff for the second time? A．In New York. B．In New Jersey. C．In Texas. D．In Devon. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite having chatted for decades, the pair have only ever met twice—first in 2002 while Geoff visited New York at the age of 80, and then again two years later. Celesta was living in New Jersey at that time, and then she moved to live near family in Texas. ”可知，Geoff和Celesta只见过两次，第一次是在2002年，第二次是两年后，当时Celesta住在 New Jersey。故选B。 4．Which word can best describe the friendship between Geoff and Celesta? A．Lasting. B．Odd. C．Complex. D．Ordinary. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章对这对百岁笔友关系的描述，如第二段“Centenarians (百岁老人), Geoff Banks from Devon, Britain, and Celesta Byrne, from the US… They, now, can talk to each other on the Internet. ”可推知，他们的友谊是长久的。故选A。 B (2024·广东省湛江市第二十一中学月考) If you feel that making friends as a kid is easy, you’re right. “They have a break between lessons and gym classes. They can let their guard down，” says Marisa G．Franco, a sought-after friendship & belonging expert. However, it’s not the case for adults. Even though they see their colleagues every day, they still find it never easy to be friends with them. In the US, for example, a 2021 survey by the American Enterprise Institute, found that the number of adults who said they had no close friends had increased four times since 1990, going from 3 percent to 12 percent. “We’ve never been more disconnected，” says psychologist and author Jody Carrington. Although adults spend time together from 9：00 am to 6：00 pm and even late into the night, the fast paced work pattern dictates that communication is limited to the content of the work, and after work, they immediately go back to homes, leaving no extra energy to have unplanned interactions to develop further friendship. Research by Brigham Young University psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad has shown that loneliness is a major threat to longevity (长寿), same as smoking 15 cigarettes a day or being an alcoholic. People who are lonely or socially cut off have a higher risk of having diseases like depression, dementia and cardiac death. On the another side, healthy friendships can help us a lot, doing better with stress and living happier and longer. Plus, happiness is contagious. Harvard researchers found that when an individual becomes happy, his or her friends who live in a 1.6-kilometre radius have a 25 percent higher chance of getting a boost in happiness, too. Hence, making and deepening friendships matters more than we imagine. You might think making friends is an inherent skill that doesn’t need to be taught. It’s not the case. We can all get better at connection if we try. Some experts offer some tricks to make finding connection a little easier. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成年人不容易建立联系的原因，强调了建立联系的重要性并提出建议。 5．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing a lot of figures. B．By drawing a conclusion. C．By making a comparison. D．By showing a conversation. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you feel that making friends as a kid is easy, you’re right. ‘They have a break between lessons and gym classes. They can let their guard down，’” 和“However, it’s not the case for adults. Even though they see their colleagues every day, they still find it never easy to be friends with them. ”可推知，作者通过对比的方式引出本文的话题。故选C。 6．What makes an adult difficult to be friends with others according to Paragraph 2? A．Lack of breaks in the workplace. B．Worry about being deeply hurt. C．Unwillingness to communicate. D．Lack of unplanned interactions. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Although adults spend time together from 9：00 am to 6：00 pm and even late into the night, the fast paced work pattern dictates that communication is limited to the content of the work, and after work, they immediately go back to homes, leaving no extra energy to have unplanned interactions to develop further friendship. ”可知，缺乏计划外的互动使成年人很难与他人成为朋友。故选D。 7．What does the author want to convey in Paragraph 3? A．The necessity of staying connected. B．The approach to leading a happy life. C．The consequences of getting into bad habits. D．The relationship between happiness and habits. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Research by Brigham Young University psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad has shown that loneliness is a major threat to longevity (长寿)… healthy friendships can help us a lot, doing better with stress and living happier and longer. ”可推知，孤独不利于身体健康，人们应该与他人保持联系，因此作者想要传达的是保持联系的必要性。故选A。 8．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Unrealistic. B．Influential. C．Flexible. D．Unique. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文“Harvard researchers found that when an individual becomes happy, his or her friends who live in a 1.6-kilometre radius have a 25 percent higher chance of getting a boost in happiness, too. ”可知，快乐是有感染力的。由此可知，contagious意为“有感染力的”，和B项“Influential (有影响力的)”意思相近。故选B。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Self-esteem (自尊) is the opinion we have of ourselves. When we have healthy self-esteem，we tend to feel positive about ourselves and life. If we have low self-esteem，we may feel anxious and look down on ourselves. Low self-esteem often begins in childhood. Our teachers，friends and parents send us positive and negative messages about ourselves. __1__. Besides，stress and difficult life events can have a negative effect on self-esteem. Personality can play a part，too. Some people are just more likely to have negative thinking. __2__. If you have low self-esteem，you may hide yourself away from social situations，stop trying new things，and avoid things you find challenging. In the long term，this can backfire because it makes your doubts and fears stronger. You may also develop unhelpful habits，such as smoking and drinking too much. To improve your self-esteem，you need to identify the negative beliefs you have about yourself，and then challenge them. __3__. Note these thoughts. Next，start to write some evidence that challenges these negative beliefs，such as “I’m really good at crosswords” or “My sister calls for a chat every week”．You could also write down other positive things about yourself on the list and add them to the list regularly. Then put your list where you can see it. __4__. You can also learn to be assertive to improve your self-esteem. One trick is to look at other people who act assertively and copy what they do. __5__. It’s picking up tips from people you admire and letting your true self come out. A．Low self-esteem affects people negatively B．It’s not about pretending you’re someone else C．That way，you can keep reminding yourself that you’re OK D．Those beliefs come from negative messages you once received E．People with low self-esteem have their unique way of dealing with the problem F．For some reason，those meaning that you’re not good enough often stay with you G．You may think you’re too stupid to get a new job or that nobody cares about you 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高自尊的方法。 1．答案：F 解析：根据上文“Low self-esteem often begins in childhood. Our teachers，friends and parents send us positive and negative messages about ourselves. ”以及下文“Besides，stress and difficult life events can have a negative effect on self-esteem… to have negative thinking. ”可知，本句与上下文并列，都是在说明导致自卑的原因。F项“出于某种原因，那些表示你不够好的思想总是伴随着你”符合语境。故选F。 2．答案：A 解析：根据下文“If you have low self-esteem，you may hide yourself away from social situations，stop trying new things，and avoid things you find challenging. In the long term，this can backfire because it makes your doubts and fears stronger. You may also develop unhelpful habits，such as smoking and drinking too much. ”可知，下文具体说明了低自尊对人的负面影响。A项“低自尊对人有消极影响”概括了本段内容，符合语境。故选A。 3．答案：G 解析：根据上文“To improve your self-esteem，you need to identify the negative beliefs you have about yourself，and then challenge them. ”以及下文“Note these thoughts. ”可知，本句具体说明下文提到的“these thoughts”的内容。G项“你可能认为自己太傻了，找不到新工作，或者认为没人在乎你”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 4．答案：C 解析：根据上文“Next，start to write some evidence that challenges these negative beliefs… and add them to the list regularly. Then put your list where you can see it. ”可知，上文提到把清单放在你能看到的地方，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这么做的原因。C项“通过这种方式，你可以不断提醒自己你很好”符合语境。故选C。 5．答案：B 解析：根据上文“You can also learn to be assertive to improve your self-esteem. One trick is to look at other people who act assertively and copy what they do. ”以及下文“It’s picking up tips from people you admire and letting your true self come out. ”可知，本句是对上文提到的技巧的进一步解释说明，即模仿表现自信的人，并不是让你假装成另外一个人。B项“这不是假装你是另一个人”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 Ⅲ. 语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·江苏阶段练习) Every day we communicate with people around us. Much of what we communicate 1．______ (depend) not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. Communication is the exchange of information 2．________a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. In 3．________ (respond), the receiver sends an encoded message back. This communication process can be complex and challenging 4．______, with practice and patience, we can become a highly competent 5．______ (communicate). To accomplish this, we need to know with 6．________we are communicating and his/her basic information. And we can then use it to determine how best to communicate with them. While communicating with others, we not only use words but also use a lot of body language. When we notice a change in the other’s body language, we should make 7．________ (adjust) to how we will communicate accordingly. Body language is 8．________ (sure) important in communication, but the value of empathy shouldn’t 9．________ (understate). We should learn to put 10．______ (we) in others’ shoes and look at the situation from their perspective. In this way, the communication is more effective. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们日常交流的特点以及沟通中的困难之处。 1．答案：depends 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语Much of what we communicate为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填depends。 2．答案：between 解析：考查介词。between… and… 表示“介于……之间”，为固定搭配。故填between。 3．答案：response 解析：考查词性转换。in response表示“作为回应”，为固定短语。故填response。 4．答案：but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。 5．答案：communicator 解析：考查词性转换。根据上文不定冠词以及空处作表语可知，此处应用单数名词communicator。故填communicator。 6．答案：whom 解析：考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作with的宾语。表示“与谁沟通”，应用whom。故填whom。 7．答案：adjustments 解析：考查词性转换。make adjustments to表示“调整”，为固定短语。故填adjustments。 8．答案：surely 解析：考查词性转换。修饰形容词important应用副词surely。故填surely。 9．答案：be understated 解析：考查动词的语态。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形。故填be understated。 10．答案：ourselves 解析：考查反身代词。put oneself in others’ shoes表示“设身处地为别人着想”，为固定短语。故填ourselves。 学生用书第13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$