Unit 10 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（北师大版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦过去时中的被动语态核心知识点，通过“语法串烧”情境实例引入，系统梳理一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时被动语态的构成规则与用法，构建“实例感知—结构解析—练习巩固”的学习支架。 资料以真实情境故事激活语言能力，通过对比三种时态被动语态的构成与用法培养思维品质，“巧学活用”练习设计兼顾课中互动与课后查漏，助力学生提升语法应用能力与自主学习效率。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 过去时中的被动语态 语法串烧 我的发现 At yesterday's class meeting，Zhang Qun was praised by① the teacher because he had helped a sick classmate.The fact was that when he entered the classroom yesterday morning，he found Li Ning，who had been there earlier than him，suddenly had a high fever and was being troubled by②it. Zhang Qun immediately called 120 and Li Ning was sent③ to hospital in time.The teacher said such things had already been done by④Zhang Qun and asked us to learn from him. 黑体部分都是过去时中的被动语态，其中①③是一般过去时的被动语态；②是过去进行时的被动语态；④是过去完成时的被动语态。 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。过去时中的被动语态主要包括一般过去时的被动语态、过去进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态等。 考点1　一般过去时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋was/were＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋was/were＋not＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般疑问句 Was/Were＋主语＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，...was/were.；否定回答：No，...wasn't/weren't.) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，无需说明动作。 The prize was awarded to him at the end of the ceremony last month. 上个月典礼结束时，奖品颁发给了他。 The injured were sent to the hospital immediately after the accident last night. 昨晚事故发生后，伤者被立刻送往了医院。 These old books were cleaned and sorted every weekend by the librarian. 过去这位图书管理员每个周末都会清理和整理这些旧书。 The letters were posted at the post office near the school every Monday by the students. 过去学生们每周一都会在学校附近的邮局寄信。 学生用书第13页 was、were的使用由主语的单复数形式而定，主语为第三人称单数名词、代词或I时用was。 The report was written by the professor last week. 这份报告是那位教授上周写的。 It was repaired by the mechanic yesterday. 它(某个物品)昨天被机械师修好了。 I was invited to the party by my friend last night. 昨晚我被朋友邀请去参加派对了。 The trees were planted by the volunteers last spring. 这些树是志愿者们去年春天种下的。 主语为复数名词、代词they或you时用were。 The flowers were watered by the gardener this morning. 这些花今早被园丁浇了水。 They were praised by the teacher for their hard work. 他们因努力学习受到了老师的表扬。 You were advised to take more exercise by the doctor. 医生建议你多锻炼。 [巧学活用1]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The novel was translated(translate) into several languages and became very popular around the world. ②The problem was discussed(discuss) at the meeting yesterday，but no solution was reached. ③The houses in the old town were damaged (damage)in the earthquake last year，and many people lost their homes. ④这份重要文件上周由总统签署，标志着这个国家进入了一个新时代。 The important document was signed by the president last week，which marked a new era for the country. 考点2　过去进行时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋was/were＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般疑问句 Was/Were＋主语＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，...was/were being...；否定回答：No，...wasn't/weren't being...) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。 The new bridge was being built when I visited the city last year. 我去年访问这座城市时，那座新桥正在被建造。 The patients were being examined by the doctors at 9 o'clock last night. 昨晚九点的时候，病人们正在被医生检查。 过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时的被动语态。 The novel has been translated into five languages twice. 这本小说已经两次被翻译成五种语言了。 The theory had been proven several times before it was widely accepted. 这个理论在被广泛接受之前已经被证明过好几次了。 少数及物动词的过去进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。 The house was being painted next week according to the original plan. 按照原计划，这所房子下周要被粉刷。 The cars were being repaired tomorrow as scheduled. 按照安排，这些汽车明天要被修理。 [巧学活用2]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①This road was being built(build) this time last year. ②The feast was being prepared(prepare) when it began to snow outside. ③He said many activities were being planned(plan) for the celebration of the company's 60th anniversary. ④I was practicing my oral English at 8：00 yesterday evening. 学生用书第14页 →My oral English was being practiced at 8：00 yesterday evening. ⑤The teacher told me the students were carrying out the experiment at that moment. →The teacher told me the experiment was being carried out at that moment. 考点3　过去完成时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋had＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋had＋not＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，...had...；否定回答：No，...hadn't...) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the end of last month，all the tasks had been finished. 到上个月月底，所有任务都已经完成了。 Before the police arrived，the thief had been caught by the residents. 在警察到达之前，小偷已经被居民抓住了。 在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时的被动语态。 I heard that the famous painting had been stolen. 我听说那幅著名的画已经被偷了。 She thought the problem had been solved. 她以为问题已经被解决了。 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时的被动语态。 The movie had been shown for half an hour when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院时，电影已经放映了半小时。 The building had been damaged in the earthquake before it was rebuilt. 那座建筑在重建之前已经在地震中受损了。 【温馨提示】　当从句由after，before，when或as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 After he locked the door，he was reminded that he had left his keys inside. 他锁上门后，才被提醒把钥匙落在里面了。 Before the game started，the players were given a short briefing. 比赛开始前，球员们得到了一个简短的指示。 When I arrived at the party，I was greeted by my old friends. 我到达派对时，受到了老朋友的迎接。 As soon as the letter was received，it was opened. 信一收到就被打开了。 [巧学活用3]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She had been told(tell) about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers. ②The report had been submitted(submit) to the committee before the deadline. ③上月末，他刚写的小说已经被翻译成了英语。 His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month. ④半夜他们通知我，我已经被理想的大学录取了。 It was the middle of the night when they informed that I had been admitted to my dream university． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $