7 课时精练(六) Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(六)　 Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．Why John was late for the class is plain to see. 2．Which part of the territory he will make his way to needs discussing. 3．When she will come back school depends(depend) on her mother. 4．It is uncertain whether his family was originally Britain or American. 5．What they want at present are(be) basic skills for survival in the wild. 6．It is desirable that we should read the instructions of the instruments in advance. 7．Whether the astronomers will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather. 8．Whoever is interested in the activity can sign their names. 9．It is requested that all the members (should)_be(be) present at the meeting tomorrow. 10．That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 维度二　完成句子 1．据报道中国又成功发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 It_is_reported_that_China has launched another man­made earth satellite into orbit. 2．很明显视频是极好的。 It_is_obvious_that the video turns out splendid. 3．给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。 What_impressed_us_most_were your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent. 4．我想强调的是我的英语很流利。 What_I_want_to_stress is that I am fluent in English. 5．这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。 That_the_film_star_will_come_to_our_city has excited every one of us. 6．很遗憾，那场争吵破坏了他们的友谊。 It’s_a_pity_that the quarrel broke up their friendship. 7．他的父母是否会给他买一台新电脑要看他的考试成绩。 Whether_his_parents_will_buy_a_new_computer_for_him depends on his exam results. 8．这种动物为什么突然灭绝仍然是个谜。 It remains a mystery why_this_kind_of_animal_died_out_suddenly． 维度三　语法与写作 (一)翻译句子 1．据说我们学校将举行一次歌唱比赛来庆祝党的生日。 It_is_said_that_our_school_will_hold_a_singing_contest_to_celebrate_the_Party’s_birthday. 2．目前还不清楚比赛将于何时举行，以及将如何组织。 It_is_not_yet_clear_when_the_contest_will_take_place_and_how_it_will_be_organized. 3．听到这个消息后，学生们已经开始准备了。大家认为，通过这次活动，我们可以表达我们对中国共产党的爱，我们是否能赢得奖并不重要。 After_hearing_the_news，the_students_have_begun_to_prepare_for_it.It_is_thought_that_ through_this_activity，we_can_express_our_love_for_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_and_ whether_we_can_win_the_prize_or_not_doesn’t_make_any_difference. 4．众所周知，在共产党的领导下，我们的生活越来越好。 It’s_well­known_that_under_the_leadership_of_the_Communist_Party，our_life_is_getting_ better_and_better. 5．令我们自豪的是，我们生活在一个稳定、和平、繁荣的国家。我相信这次歌唱比赛一定会很成功。 What_makes_us_proud_is_that_we_are_living_in_a_stable，peaceful_and_prosperous_ country.I’m_sure_the_singing_contest_will_be_a_great_success. (二)运用衔接词把上面的句子合并成一篇80词左右的微型作文。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ It is said that our school will hold a singing contest to celebrate the Party’s birthday.It is not yet clear when the contest will take place and how it will be organized.But after hearing the news，the students have begun to prepare for it.It is thought that through this activity，we can express our love for the Chinese Communist Party and whether we can win the prize or not doesn’t make any difference.It’s well­known that under the leadership of the Communist Party，our life is getting better and better.What makes us proud is that we are living in a stable，peaceful and prosperous country.I’m sure the singing contest will be a great success. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A From now，if all goes well，a high­tech spacecraft will land in the South Pole of the moon.There，it will drill 66 feet down into the surface and collect samples of the mantle(月幔) to bring back to the Earth. But before it leaves，it will have a two­part time capsule: a public part，full of the Earth’s history，and a private part，full of digital memory boxes created by individuals.These memory boxes can hold digital files—records of family trees，videos or actual DNA in the form of human hair.Not everyone can have a digital memory box，though.The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project. The project，called Lunar Mission One，has already raised more than half of its ￡600，000 goal since its launch just a few days ago.The founders thought that it would succeed because of the attraction of both exploring the moon surface and leaving a time capsule behind.The mission was a technical action，but it was also an emotional one，bringing the excitement of knowing that something humans built on the Earth reached somewhere else in space. Still，it does seem risky for a person to donate ￡60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that won’t come true until 2024.What if the project never takes off? What if the technology isn’t good enough? What if those digital memory boxes break on the moon’s surface? And how will anybody ever even know if that happens? Ian Crawford，a professor at Birkbeck College in London and scientific advisor to the mission，says it is not necessary to worry about these.The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isn’t really about physically leaving something on the moon—it’s more an opportunity to encourage people’s interest in space. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为“月球任务一号”的太空项目：高科技航天器将携带两个时间胶囊在月球南极着陆。 1．Who can have a digital memory box on the moon? A．A person who donates ￡60 to the project. B．A person who has records of family trees. C．A person who is in charge of the project. D．A person who is interested in exploring the moon. A　[ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.”及第四段中的“Still，it does seem risky for a person to donate ￡60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that won’t come true until 2024.”可知，一个人捐赠60英镑便可以在月球上留下一个数字存储盒。故选A。] 2．What can be learned about Lunar Mission One from Paragraph 3? A．The spacecraft was successfully launched just a few days ago. B．It will explore the moon surface and leave a time capsule on the moon. C．It was created because of the excitement of knowing something in space. D．It was a technical action because it was designed with rich emotion. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “The founders thought that it would...leaving a time capsule behind.”可知，“月球任务一号”将会探索月球表面，并在月球上留下时间胶囊。故选B。] 3．Why does it seem risky to donate ￡60 to keep a digital memory box? A．Because the spacecraft won’t be sent on time. B．Because the technology isn’t good enough. C．Because the project won’t come true until 2024. D．Because there are various possibilities in such a long time. D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的那些质疑的问题可推知，捐赠60英镑去拥有一个数字存储盒有一定的风险，是因为在这么长的时间里会有各种各样的可能性。故选D。] 4．What can be concluded from the last sentence of the passage? A．Everything about the project will be OK. B．The time capsule on the moon is not meaningful. C．The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon is scientific. D．The message of the project is to call more people’s attention to space. D　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 “The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isn’t really about physically leaving something on the moon—it’s more an opportunity to encourage people’s interest in space.”可知，该项目的目的是呼吁人们更多地关注太空。故选D。] B In 2017，the United Arab Emirates announced its ambition to colonize Mars within the next 100 years.But architects are already imagining what a Martian city might look like—and planning to recreate it in the desert outside Dubai. Mars Science City was originally scheduled to cover 176，000 square meters of desert—the size of more than 30 football fields—and cost approximately 135 million dollars.To create a space for Dubai’s Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre(MBRSC) to develop the technology needed to colonize Mars，architects from Bjarke Ingels Group were asked to design a prototype of a city suitable for sustaining life on Mars—and then adapt it for use in the Emirati desert. For this unique commission，the architects first had to overcome the immense challenges of creating a design to make the severe environment of Mars habitable.Mars has a thin atmosphere and no global magnetic field，so there’s little protection from harmful radiation.Temperature is another problem—the average on Mars is a chilly ­63 degrees C．The thin atmosphere also means there’s little air pressure，so liquids quickly evaporate into gas；despite freezing temperatures，unprotected human blood would boil on Mars.But according to Jonathan Eastwood，director of the Space Lab at Imperial College London，the biggest challenge in terms of a sustained presence on Mars is not the engineering or scientific challenge，but the human and personal one.More researches need to be done to test the effects of isolation on mental and physical health of astronauts. The MBRSC hopes that，in future，such research could take place in Mars Science City.This is going to be our platform where we can develop the science and the technology that will help us in our future missions to Mars，said Adnan AlRais，Mars 27 Program Manager at MBRSC．“We want to come up with a totally new facility that will help the international community.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了该火星城的相关情况，包括其外观、建设中需要解决的难题及其存在的意义等。 5．What information can you get about the Martian city? A．It is planned to be completed in the next 100 years. B．It occupies more than 30 football fields of Dubai. C．It has been put into use in the desert outside Dubai. D．It serves as a prototype for sustaining life on Mars. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To create a space for...a city suitable for sustaining life on Mars”可知，火星城是为了模拟在火星上生存而设计的城市模型。故选D。] 6．Which is NOT the challenge for living on Mars? A．A thin atmosphere exposes people to harmful radiation. B．High temperature makes unprotected human’s blood boil. C．Little air pressure causes liquid to turn into gas quickly. D．A long period of isolation may affect physical health. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“despite freezing temperatures，unprotected human blood would boil on Mars”可知，尽管温度极低，未采取任何防护措施的人的血液在火星上还是会沸腾。B项中的“High temperature”描述错误，故选B。] 7．What’s the attitude of Adnan AlRais toward building MBRSC? A．Positive.　 B．Objective. C．Critical.　 D．Skeptical. A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“This is going to be our platform...future missions to Mars，said Adnan AlRais”可知，阿德南·拉伊斯认为火星城会成为一个发展科学技术的平台，它将帮助我们完成未来一系列的火星任务。由此可推知，阿德南·拉伊斯对于火星城的建设持积极态度。故选A。] 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The Research on the Effects of Living on Mars B．A Martian City Designed for the Desert Outside Dubai C．The United Arab Emirates’ Ambition to Colonize Mars D．The Challenges of Surviving the Inhabitable Environment of Mars B　[标题归纳题。本文第一段点明主题，即阿联酋将在迪拜外围的沙漠上建造一个模拟火星居住环境的火星城；第二段介绍火星城概况；第三段介绍建造火星城要解决的一些问题；最后一段介绍阿德南·拉伊斯对火星城的看法。由此可知，B项(一个在迪拜外围的沙漠上设计的火星城)最适合作为本文的标题。故选B。] C (2021·深圳高二检测) The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out，they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer.“I’m an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six­month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.” On the station，the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，it’s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon­dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears. Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance，astronauts lose bone mass.That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home，and，more importantly，how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round trip to Mars. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在太空中生活时所面对的各种挑战。 9．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? A．Deciding on a proper sleep position. B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag. C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly. D．Finding a right time to go to sleep. A　[细节理解题。第二段谈到宇航员在太空的睡眠，说睡姿是一个很大的问题(Its position presents its own challenges.)，然后以胳膊是否应该放在睡袋里为例进行解释说明。由此可知，宇航员在太空中睡觉时面临的最大挑战是睡姿的问题。故选A。] 10．When will the astronauts suffer from a carbon­dioxide headache? A．They circle around on their bikes. B．They use microcomputers without a stop. C．They exercise in one place for a long time. D．They watch a movie while pedaling. C　[细节理解题。第三段讲到宇航员面临的另外一个问题就是在锻炼的时候，由于没有重力帮助空气循环，宇航员呼出的二氧化碳有可能在头顶形成隐形的云朵，此时宇航员就会出现二氧化碳状态下的头疼。故选C。] 11．One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is ________． A．how much exercise they do on the station B．how they can remain healthy for long in space C．whether they can recover after returning home D．whether they are able to go back to the station B　[细节理解题。最后一段讲到美国国家航空航天局(NASA)关心宇航员的身体健康，他们关心宇航员回到家里之后的恢复期，更重要的是，如何让宇航员在进行火星探测的两年半或更长时间内保持身体健康，这与B项描述是一致的。故选B。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits.There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children’s lives，even if you live in the city. Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself.A parent’s excitement can be spread to the children，and when you show respect for nature，your children follow suit.__1__．“I don’t know! Let’s find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling.Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children. __2__．If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning，turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window.The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds.After all，even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial. Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time.Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and well­being.If you view nature time as essential to good health，you will be more likely to engage in it.__3__，nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents. Look at the stars.Visit your local observatory，and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing(天体观察) with a blanket and telescope.Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.__4__． Plant a small garden.__5__．Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature，so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth. A．Limit electronic devices while driving B．Encourage questions you don’t know the answers to C．If you want to raise your healthy，well­balanced children D．If you have the space，help your children plant a few vegetables E．It will teach teamwork，pride in the community，and family togetherness F．If your child is interested，encourage him to get involved in the community G．Allow yourself to think about it，and talk to your children about that wonder 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。 1．B　[B项中的“不知道答案的问题”和后一句中的“我不知道！让我们一起找到答案。”相呼应，符合语境。故选B。] 2．A　[A项表达的是“开车的时候限制电子设备的使用”，和后一句中的“关掉电子设备”相呼应。故选A。] 3．C　[由空格前面“Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and well­being.”可知，在自然中待的时间是对你孩子健康和幸福的必要投资。选项C表达的是“如果你想要培养出健康而且明智的孩子”，是对空格前面“对孩子健康和幸福的必要投资”的承接。故选C。] 4．G　[由空格前一句“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.”可知，观察星空能够加深对宇宙的理解。选项G中的“那种神奇”指代的是前一句表达的“对宇宙的理解”，和前一句相呼应。故选G。] 5．D　[D项表达的是“如果你有空间，帮助你的孩子们种一些蔬菜”，是对前一句“开辟一个小菜园”的承接，并和后一句“种植豆角和豌豆”相呼应。故选D。] Ⅲ.语法填空 The Big Bang theory is science’s best explanation of how the universe began.The theory insists that our universe 1.________(create) when a tiny and superhot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly.It 2.________(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(星系) with 3.________ we are familiar.It is said 4.________ the event happened approximately 15 billion years ago.The event of the Big Bang was space itself expanding—perhaps at speeds 5.________(great) than light. Since the late 1960s，the Big Bang theory 6.________(be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe.Because 7.________(physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that explains how gravity operates，they are unable 8.________(find) theories as to what happened after the Big Bang.At the very beginning，our universe may have been an object with nearly­infinite density，9.________ perhaps something else.Our instruments and 10.________(science) methods may need to be fully improved before any further progress is made. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“大爆炸理论”。 1．解析：　was created　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。universe为单数形式且与create之间是被动关系，且create所表示的动作发生在过去，故填was created。 2．解析：　finally　考查词性转换。设空处作状语修饰cooled和formed，故填finally。 3．解析：　which　考查定语从句。此处为由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stars and galaxies(星系)，因该关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语，故填which。 4．解析：　that　考查名词性从句。It is said that...意为“据说……”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的从句。故填that。 5．解析：　greater　考查形容词的比较级。由than可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填greater。 6．解析：　has been　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由“Since the late 1960s”可知，此处应用现在完成时，又因主语为单数形式，故填has been。 7．解析：　physicists　考查词形转换。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填physicists。 8．解析：　to find　考查非谓语动词。be unable to do sth.意为“没有能力做某事”。故填to find。 9．解析：　or　考查连词。由句意可知“an object with nearly­infinite density”与something else之间是选择关系，故填or。 10．解析：　scientific　考查词性转换。设空处作定语修饰methods，表示“科学的”，故填scientific。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$