UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 同位语从句 [教材示例] 观察黑体部分并体会同位语从句的用法 1．There are divisions among historians over when exactly the construction of the twin temples started，but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE． 2．They could not prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters. 3．Some experts，however，had a feeling that it was possible. 4．Furthermore，the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport. 5．It is difficult to forecast what threats our heritage sites will face in the future，but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation. [我的发现] 1．同位语从句通常跟在抽象名词后面解释说明其内容。 2．常使用that，whether或疑问词来引导同位语从句。 3．可以跟同位语从句的名词有fact，idea，doubt，belief，news，opinion等。 一、同位语从句的定义 　在主从复合句中，跟在一个名词(尤其是抽象名词)后对其做出进一步解释说明的从句叫同位语从句。 They were delighted at the news that their team had won . 当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。 They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms . 他们很熟悉这一观点，所有的物质都是由原子构成的。 [名师点津]　能跟同位语从句的名词一般是 fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence，report，explanation，suggestion，conclusion 等抽象名词。 二、同位语从句的连接词及其功能 引导词 例词 句法功能 从属 连词 that，whether 二者均在从句中不作成分；that无实义，whether意为“是否” 连接 代词 who，what等 有实义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分 连接 副词 when，where，why，how等 有实义，在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语等成分 I’m not sure about the question whether he will come. 对于他来不来这个问题，我不太确定。 They expressed the wish that she would accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。 I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The question who should go abroad required consideration. 谁会出国这个问题还需要考虑。 She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白她为什么突然想到了他。 三、同位语从句的注意事项 1．分隔式同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。 Word came that we would have lessons on Saturday. 有消息传来，我们星期六要上课。 2．名词 suggestion，order，demand，command，request，desire，proposal 等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋do”，should 可省略。 We’d better accept his suggestion that we (should) make good use of every minute. 我们最好接受他的建议，好好利用每一分钟。 3．名词 doubt (怀疑)后可跟同位语从句，若用于肯定句中时用 whether 引导；若用于否定句中时则用 that 引导。 There is some doubt whether they will come to help us. 他们是否会来帮助我们还不确定。 There is no doubt that everyone has the right to choose his own way of living. 毫无疑问，人人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。 四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1．从意义上讲，同位语从句对所修饰的名词做进一步的解释或补充说明；而定语从句对先行词起修饰或限制的作用。 The foreigner expressed the hope that he would come to China again.(同位语从句) I’ll remember the hope that the foreigner expressed to me.(定语从句) 2．从修饰词上讲，同位语从句所修饰的名词通常是抽象名词，而定语从句的先行词无此限制。 The possibility that scientists can clone a man may come true.(同位语从句) This is the horse that the scientist cloned.(定语从句) 3.从引导词上讲，有些引导词如whether，what，how等可以用来引导同位语从句，但它们不能用来引导定语从句。 4．that 引导同位语从句在句中不作成分，通常不能省略，只起连接作用。that 引导定语从句时为关系代词，它除了起连接作用外，在从句中还要充当某一成分(如主语、宾语等)，作宾语时可以省略。 He made a promise to his son that he would buy a bike for him.(同位语从句) I still remember the promise (that) he made.(定语从句) 核心词汇精研 division n.分歧；分开，分隔 (教材P48)There are divisions among historians over when exactly the construction of the twin temples started，but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE． 历史学家就这两座神庙具体始建于何时存在着分岐，但没有人能否认这一事实，他们建于公元前13世纪。 (1)the division between A and B　　　　　　　　A和B之间的分歧 the division in /within... ……的内部分歧 (2)divide v. (使)分开，分隔；使产生分歧；除以 divide...into... 把……分成…… divide...between... 在……之间分开…… divide up 分配；分；分开 divide by 除以；用…… [佳句背诵]　I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six. 我女儿六岁时我教她做除法。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The head teacher has to divide up her time between administration and classroom teaching. ②The division (divide)of Labour is clear­cut，each one being charged with specific responsibilities. ③The division between the rich west and the poor east remains. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④运动对身体的好处可以分为三个方面。 The physical benefits of exercise can_be_divided_into_three_factors． interrupt vt. 打扰；插嘴；使暂停；使中断 vi.打扰，插嘴 (教材P49)Sorry to interrupt you，Miss Ma. 很抱歉打断你，马小姐。 (1)interrupt...with...　　因……打断…… be interrupted by 被……打断 (2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；障碍物 without interruption 连续地；不断 [佳句背诵]　(2021·全国乙卷)The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander，without making it impossible to focus.适量的背景噪音可能会中断我们正常的思维模式，但它却刚好让我们发挥想象力，而不会影响我们集中注意力。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I am not accustomed to being_interrupted (interrupt)when studying or working，so please remember this and don’t do it once more. ②Interruptions (interrupt)are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. ③Their discussion was_interrupted (interrupt)by a knock at the door，which was really disgusting. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我总算连续工作了两小时。 I managed to work for two hours without_interruption． vote vi.& vt.投票，表决n.选票；投票 (教材P49)For example，it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation. 例如，它投票决定哪些遗址将被列为联合国教科文组织遗产地，并监测保护状况。 (1)vote for　 投票赞成 vote against 投票反对 vote on 就……投票表决 vote to do sth. 投票决定做某事 vote sb.sth. 选出/推举某人担任某职务；表决为某人提供某物 (2)put sth.to the vote 把某事投票表 [佳句背诵]　In the circumstances，we had no choice but to put it to the vote. 在这种情况下，我们别无选择，只好投票表决。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Given that the economy had been going down for a long time，the party members voted against the suggestion of hosting the Olympic Games. ②The conference is now debating the welfare issues and will vote on them shortly. ③Mr Wang was invited to vote for his niece in the “Future Singer” competition. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④不出所料，他当选为最有前途的新导演。 As expected，he_was_voted_the_most_promising_new_director． reserve n. 自然保护区；储备 vt.预订；预留；保留 (教材P50)As a national park and nature reserve，Jiuzhaigou Valley，just north of the Sichuan Basin，is home to mighty snow­capped mountains，thick forests alive with wildlife，impressive waterfalls and lakes so blue that they take our breath away. 作为一个国家公园和自然保护区，九寨沟就在四川盆地的北部，这里有巍峨的雪山，茂密的森林和野生动物，令人印象深刻的瀑布，湖泊蓝得令人惊叹。 (1)reserve...for...　　　为……而保留；贮备 (2)with reserve 有条件地；有保留地 without reserve 无条件地；无保留地 keep in reserve 留作预备 nature reserve 自然保护 [佳句背诵]　We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from being hunted. 我们建立了一个野生动物保护区，以保护动物不被猎杀。 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中reserve的含义 ①These seats are reserved for special guests.预留 ②In my opinion，you are supposed to reserve tickets in advance.预订 ③Changdao Natural Reserve，the national natural reserve which is situated at the north end of Shandong Peninsula，was established in 1982 with an area of 5，015 hectares.保护区 ◎能力提升——微写作 ④不要坐在这里。这些座位是留给老人和残疾人的。 Don’t sit here.These seats are_reserved_for_the_elderly_and_disabled． 重点句型解构 句型公式：so...that...句型 (教材P50)As a national park and nature reserve，Jiuzhaigou Valley，just north of the Sichuan Basin，is home to mighty snow­capped mountains，thick forests alive with wildlife，impressive waterfalls and lakes so blue that they take our breath away. 作为一个国家公园和自然保护区，九寨沟就在四川盆地的北部，这里有巍峨的雪山，茂密的森林和野生动物，令人印象深刻的瀑布，湖泊蓝得令人惊叹。 本句中包含了“so...that...”固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……” (1)so＋形容词/副词＋that... so＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋that... so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that... so＋much/little(少)＋不可数名词＋that... (2)such＋a(n)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that... such＋形容词＋复数名词＋that... such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that.. [佳句背诵]　The plane hit so hard that one engine was buried 16 feet underground. 飞机猛烈撞击地面，致使一个引擎陷到了地下16英尺处。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Kathy is so lovely that we all like to play with her. ②There is so much work to do that I won’t be able to take off this year. ③It was such bad weather that we stayed at home all the day. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④这道题如此难以至于没有人做出来。 The problem was_so_difficult_that_none of us could work it out. 维度一　单词拼写 1．The palace has been restored to its former splendour(壮丽). 2．There was a forecast_(预报)of cooler weather toward the end of the week. 3．My father’s life work was devoted to the conservation (保护)of the Longleat estate. 4．The President is under intense(很大的)pressure to resign. 5．Primitive (原始的)humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Suddenly Andy’s thoughts were_interrupted (interrupt)by a sharp scream. 2．In addition，advertising can influence consumers’ moods which，in turn，are capable of influencing consumers’ reactions to products. 3．But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant，the researchers found. 4.While libraries still loan out books，you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for，thanks to a cooperative (cooperation)network of area libraries. 5．After hearing Steve’s playing，Naomi was deeply impressed by his music. 维度三　语法与写作 1．学生应该学一些实际的东西的建议是值得考虑的。 The suggestion that_students_(should)_learn_something_practical is worth considering. 2．计算机能够识别人类声音的想法令许多人感到惊讶。 The idea that_computers_can_recognize_human_voices surprises many people. 3．有消息称，神舟十三号载人飞船于2022年4月16日在中国北部内蒙古自治区成功着陆。 Word_came_that Shenzhou XⅢ manned spacecraft succeeded in landing in North China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region on April 16，2022. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$