第19讲 构词法（练习）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

第19讲 构词法（练习） （模拟精练+真题演练） 一、单词拼写 1．I think it’s (possible) to finish the work in such a short time. 2．I (like) the movie. It’s so boring. 3．It is still a wonderful film and I recommend it. (strong) 4．Films are shown in the cinema, but you can also watch them at home on your TV or computer. (main) 5．Unluckily, he was told that the doors had been installed . (correct) 6．I sat on the grassland and watched the flying birds (close). 7．Smoking is (harm) not only to yourself but also to your family. 8．Some people think pre-made food is (health). 9．Her (end) love for books led her to start a library in her hometown. 10．He turned the key to (lock) the door and went into the room. 11．Walt Disney became (success) after he made cartoons with Mickey Mouse. 12．It’s said that games can make learning more (enjoy). 13．He was an actor several years ago, but now he becomes famous. (know) 14．We are surprised at Xiao Ming’s (improve) in English. 15．It was to blame her for something she didn’t do. (fair) 16．We shouldn’t spend much time on (meaning) things. 17．People in that city prepared to their houses after the terrible flood. (build) 18．The (invent) from the university spent much of their time developing a new type of energy. 19．Mandy is a girl. Everyone loves to make friends with her. (friend) 20．Mr. Zhou, can you give me some (suggest) on my study? 二、单项选择 21．Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “im-”? A．polite B．patient C．active D．possible 22．We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．polite B．active C．correct D．pleasant 23．Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “un-”? A．comfortable B．able C．correct D．important 24．Which of the following words is formed differently from “friendly”? A．weekly B．lovely C．yearly D．slowly 25．Which of the following words is formed the same way as the word “roommate”? A．carelessness B．unhappiness C．homesick D．achievement 26．We can put the suffix ‘less’ after the following words to give them the opposite meaning EXCEPT ________. A．taste B．possible C．sleep D．care 27．下列英文缩写中表示“中国人民解放军”的是________。 A．UN B．VR C．PRC D．PLA 28．Which of the following words is formed the same way as “wartime”? A．suggestion B．bookworm C．accountant D．carelessness 29．________ is short for (是……的缩写) the People’s Republic of China. A．WTO B．PLA C．NBA D．PRC 30．Which word is formed the same way as the word “bookworm”? A．handbag B．pronunciation C．impatient D．achievement 31．“WHO” means (意思是) ________. A．世界卫生组织 B．自动提款机 C．联合国 D．美国篮球协会 32．We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．polite B．active C．correct D．popular 33．缩略形式PRC的含义是“________”。 A．中华人民共和国 B．中国共产党 C．中国人民解放军 D．中国中央电视台 34．Which of the following suffixes means “not”? A．-ful B．-ness C．-less D．-ly 35．Which of the following words has a different prefix to make it have an opposite meaning? A．able B．lucky C．active D．certain 一、完形填空 （一）（2024·辽宁抚顺·一模）On October 17th, keep your eyes along the horizon (地平线) at dusk to see a breathtaking supermoon rise in the autumn sky. It’s the closest and 1 supermoon of this year. This sky event happens 2 times during every lunar cycle because the moon moves in an oval (椭圆形的) path, so it’s sometimes nearer or 3 from Earth. Along the moon’s path around Earth, the closest point is called perigee (近点). At perigee, the moon is usually 226,000 miles (363,300 kilometers) from Earth. When a full moon happens at the 4 time as perigee, it’s called a supermoon. 5 , the moon travels around its host planet at about 238,855 miles (384,400 kilometers) away, but during this month’s supermoon, it will be only 222,095 miles (357,428 kilometers) from Earth. This makes it the closest full moon of the year 2024. The full moon in October is 6 as the Hunter’s moon, which originated (起源) from Native (土著的) Americans. Because it 7 around the start of hunting (狩猎) season and traditionally 8 a key chance for hunters to notice animals hiding in recently harvested (收割) fields. For several evenings, the moonrise comes soon after sunset. This 9 plenty of bright moonlight in the early evening, which was a traditional aid to farmers and workers harvesting their summer-grown crops. Thus, it’s called the Harvest Moon! Since fields had recently been cleared out under the Harvest Moon, hunters could easily notice deer and other animals that had 10 to search for remaining scraps (残余物). 1．A．brightest B．darkest C．smallest D．farthest 2．A．much B．once C．several D．any 3．A．faster B．farther C．cleaner D．closer 4．A．present B．seldom C．same D．such 5．A．Finally B．Hardly C．Suddenly D．Commonly 6．A．called B．regarded C．suggested D．required 7．A．takes place B．looks up C．depends on D．lays out 8．A．allowed B．provided C．offered D．stole 9．A．results B．leads C．comes D．brings 10．A．come on B．come in C．come out D．come across （二）（2024·云南昆明·一模）从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was the day when the jobs were handed out. All the children were excited in the class. It 1 during the first week of the term. Every child 2 a job and they would be responsible (负责) for it for the rest of that school year. Rita was a kind and quiet girl, and during the last year Rita followed the teacher’s words perfectly. So all the children thought she could get the best job of all. But that year there was a big 3 . Each child received one of the normal jobs, like preparing the books, telling the time, or cleaning the blackboard. But Rita’s job was very 4 . She got a little box with some sand and one ant in it. 5 the teacher explained that this ant was a very special one, Rita could not help feeling disappointed (失望). Most of her classmates also felt sorry for her and thought it was 6 . “Why was I offered such a small task (任务)?” Rita said to her teacher 7 . “If you can care for the ant well, maybe you will get a secret result,” the teacher explained. “Then I will turn this little task into something great,” Rita said to 8 . Rita started studying everything about her little ant carefully. With her care, it ended up growing quite a bit bigger than anyone expected. One day the headmaster came into the classroom and said, “Congratulations (祝贺)! Your class can get a chance to have a journey to the rainforest, just because your class has taken best care of the little ant.” That day the school was filled 9 joy and celebration. And without doubt, Rita was the most satisfied one. All children learned the importance of being responsible, even in the 10 tasks. 1．A．took up B．took after C．took turns D．took place 2．A．gives B．is given C．was given D．is giving 3．A．surprise B．interest C．warmth D．happiness 4．A．popular B．same C．different D．famous 5．A．So B．Though C．But D．Because 6．A．fair B．unfair C．healthy D．unhealthy 7．A．sadly B．happily C．comfortably D．hopefully 8．A．him B．himself C．her D．herself 9．A．on B．in C．with D．of 10．A．least B．smallest C．biggest D．most 二、短文填空 （2024·山东青岛·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Welcome to Harbin NOW! With its special beauty, Harbin has become more and more popular on social media. Among these wonderful sights are a group of eleven lovely children from Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. They bravely started an educational trip 1 Harbin, immediately winning the hearts of online communities. Wearing bright orange clothes, they are known as “Little Oranges”. This nickname 2 (stand) for their cute orange clothing and the famous oranges production in Guangxi. Each day, their interesting trip is watched by thousands of people. Wherever they go, they are warmly welcomed by the 3 (local). In Harbin, they tasted the delicious local food and watched a firework show in the Ice and Snow World. At the northernmost police station of China, they 4 (sing) the national anthem (国歌) with the soldiers, marking an important part of their 5 (education) trip. A parent of one of the children expressed thanks for the support and attention by friends from Northeast China. The use of orange coats worn by the children 6 (choose) mainly for safety reasons. Such action of care have 7 (true) provided the parents with peace of mind. This activity provides children with a life experience 28 makes them stronger and more confident. During the trip, they may need to face many problems such as language problems and transportation difficulties. Getting over these problems by 9 (they) can make them more independent and face the future life 10 (good). 一、完形填空 （一）（2024·青海西宁·中考真题）A young man once failed in his business. He felt there was no hope in his life. So he went to 1 wise man for help. The wise man didn’t give any advice but told a 2 . He planted grass and bamboo in the yard and 3 good care of them every day. After a few days, the grass started growing. 4 nothing happened to the bamboo the whole year. The wise man didn’t 5 and kept looking after them. Then the bamboo came out the next year. Only six months later, the bamboo was 6 than grass. After 7 the story, the young man suddenly saw the light of his life. He said, “The time of growth for bamboo is 8 from that of grass. Life is just like this. We should be patient and never stop going 9 we are in trouble.” The story always encouraged the young man. 10 , he made great achievements and succeeded! 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．plan B．joke C．lie D．story 3．A．takes B．took C．has taken D．is taking 4．A．And B．So C．But D．Or 5．A．put up B．look up C．give up D．set up 6．A．smaller B．taller C．cleaner D．shorter 7．A．writing B．reading C．hearing D．speaking 8．A．the same B．different C．far D．similar 9．A．why B．who C．where D．when 10．A．Finally B．Firstly C．Unluckily D．Actually （二）（2024·四川·中考真题）I’m Cathy, a middle school student. Last summer vacation, I became a volunteer. I volunteered in a children’s center. There were about 50 children there. I 1 some babies and elder children. I liked helping out in the baby rooms. Those babies were so small and lovely. At first, I felt a little 2 to see those babies because their parents left them there and had to work. But after I 3 that they were cared for well, I felt much better. One of the 4 was special. She was only one year old, but she was very smart. She smiled as soon as she saw me. She liked to be with me and I was 5 every time she was pleased and smiled at me. The elder children were smart, too. Every day they liked to 6 with me and wanted more attention. I noticed a 5-year-old girl on the first day. She seemed very lonely and often sat 7 at the table. I tried to give her confidence to join other children in different activities. By the end of my 8 there, she had made some friends and looked much happier than before. I loved every minute there and 9 to see the look of pleasure on every child’s face. The children were upset when I was 10 , but I thought I was even sadder. I told hem I would visit them if I was free. 1．A．waited for B．looked after C．listened to D．talked about 2．A．hungry B．sad C．excited D．relaxed 3．A．said B．saw C．decided D．explained 4．A．students B．volunteers C．parents D．babies 5．A．happy B．kind C．polite D．lucky 6．A．fight B．work C．play D．travel 7．A．politely B．quietly C．hopefully D．carefully 8．A．trip B．lesson C．meeting D．stay 9．A．hoped B．refused C．went D．failed 10．A．arriving B．smiling C．leaving D．sleeping 二、短文填空 （2024·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my bike. While I was waiting for the green light by the side of the road. 1 old man waved and walked towards me. I felt a little nervous. He said 2 (slow), “Excuse me, Could you please help me?” I looked at him up and down. He looked about seventy years old. He took out ten yuan and said, “You see the old lady over there? She 3 (sell) baked sweet potatoes. Could you just take the money and buy one 4 her?” He pointed at the woman about fifty 5 (meter) away. “But 6 don’t you buy it yourself?” I was puzzled (困惑的). The old man continued, “That old lady is my wife and it’s her 7 (one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes. She forgot to take gloves with her. I know she can’t stand the cold because her legs hurt, too. She told me there was only one sweet potato left and that she wouldn’t go home until all the sweet potatoes were sold out. I’m very 8 (worry) about her.” At that time, I 9 (understand) everything. I felt really warm and moved. Without 10 (take) the money, I rode fast to the old lady and bought the last sweet potato. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第19讲 构词法（练习） （模拟精练+真题演练） 一、单词拼写 1．I think it’s (possible) to finish the work in such a short time. 【答案】impossible 【解析】句意：我认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。根据“finish the work in such a short time.”可判断不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作，所以应填否定意义的形容词，possible“可能的”的反义词为impossible“不可能”。故填impossible。 2．I (like) the movie. It’s so boring. 【答案】dislike 【解析】句意：我不喜欢这部电影。它太无聊了。 根据“It’s so boring”可知，此处指不喜欢这部电影，空处用like的否定形式dislike。故填dislike。 3．It is still a wonderful film and I recommend it. (strong) 【答案】strongly 【解析】句意：这仍然是一部很棒的电影，我强烈推荐它。strong“强烈的”，此处用其副词形式修饰动词recommend。故填strongly。 4．Films are shown in the cinema, but you can also watch them at home on your TV or computer. (main) 【答案】mainly 【解析】句意：电影主要在电影院放映，但你也可以在家里通过电视或电脑观看它们。根据“Films are...shown in the cinema”及所给词汇可知，此处表示电影主要在电影院放映，应用副词修饰动词，main“主要的”，形容词，其副词为mainly “主要地”。故填mainly。 5．Unluckily, he was told that the doors had been installed . (correct) 【答案】incorrectly 【解析】句意：不幸的是，他被告知门的安装不正确。分析句子结构，此空填副词修饰动词“installed”，且句首为“Unluckily不幸的是”，因此“门的安装是不正确的”，“correct正确的”要加反义词前缀“in”。故填incorrectly。 6．I sat on the grassland and watched the flying birds (close). 【答案】closely 【解析】句意：我坐在草地上，近距离地看着飞翔的鸟儿。close亲密的，形容词；closely紧密地，副词。根据句意可知，此处修饰动词watched，应用副词形式，故填closely。 7．Smoking is (harm) not only to yourself but also to your family. 【答案】harmful 【解析】句意：吸烟不仅对你而且对你家人都有害。此处应填形容词作表语，harm的形容词为harmful“有害的”。故填harmful。 8．Some people think pre-made food is (health). 【答案】unhealthy 【解析】句意：有些人认为预制食品不健康。根据“pre-made food”可知，预制食品一般被认为是不健康的。故填unhealthy。 9．Her (end) love for books led her to start a library in her hometown. 【答案】endless 【解析】句意：她对书籍无尽的热爱促使她在家乡创办了一家图书馆。根据“led her to start a library in her hometown”可知，促使她在家乡创办了一家图书馆的原因是她对书籍无止境的爱，空处需要填入endless“无止境的，无尽的”作定语。故填endless。 10．He turned the key to (lock) the door and went into the room. 【答案】unlock 【解析】句意：他转动钥匙打开门，走进了房间。lock“锁上”，根据“and went into the room”可知是开锁进门，空处用其反义词unlock“解锁，开锁”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填unlock。 11．Walt Disney became (success) after he made cartoons with Mickey Mouse. 【答案】successful 【解析】句意：华特·迪士尼在制作了米老鼠动画片后变得很成功。根据“Walt Disney became...”可知，此处表示变得很成功，形容词作表语，success“成功”，其形容词为successful。故填successful。 12．It’s said that games can make learning more (enjoy). 【答案】enjoyable 【解析】句意：据说游戏可以使学习更加愉快。根据“make learning more...”及所给词汇可知，此处表示使学习更加愉快，enjoy“享受”，动词，此处应用其形容词enjoyable“愉快的”。故填enjoyable。 13．He was an actor several years ago, but now he becomes famous. (know) 【答案】unknown 【解析】句意：几年前他是一个不出名的演员，但现在他变得有名了。根据“but now he becomes famous”和提示词可知，空格处指“不出名的”，英语表达为“unknown”，在此作定语修饰名词actor。故填unknown。 14．We are surprised at Xiao Ming’s (improve) in English. 【答案】improvement 【解析】句意：我们对肖明英语的提高感到惊讶。根据“Xiao Ming’s”可知，空处应填名词形式，improve“提高”，动词，其名词为improvement。故填improvement。 15．It was to blame her for something she didn’t do. (fair) 【答案】unfair 【解析】句意：责怪她没有做的事情是不公平的。根据“blame her for something she didn’t do.”可知，这样的做法是不公平的，应用形容词unfair“不公平的”。故填unfair。 16．We shouldn’t spend much time on (meaning) things. 【答案】meaningless 【解析】句意：我们不应该在无意义的事情上花费太多时间。由“We shouldn’t spend much time on…things”可知，此处指不要在无意义的事情上花太多时间，meaningless“无意义的”符合语境。故填meaningless。 17．People in that city prepared to their houses after the terrible flood. (build) 【答案】rebuild 【解析】句意：那场可怕的洪水过后，那个城市的人们准备重建他们的房屋。由“People in that city prepared to…their houses after the terrible flood”可知，此处指重建房屋，rebuild“重建”；prepare to do sth.“准备做某事”，固定短语，故应用动词原形。故填rebuild。 18．The (invent) from the university spent much of their time developing a new type of energy. 【答案】inventors 【解析】句意：这所大学的发明家们花了很多时间开发一种新型能源。invent“发明”，动词。根据“spent much of their time developing a new type of energy”可知，是人发明一种新型能源，inventor“发明家”符合题意；根据“their”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填inventors。 19．Mandy is a girl. Everyone loves to make friends with her. (friend) 【答案】friendly 【解析】句意：曼迪是一个友好的女孩。每个人都喜欢和她交朋友。在a... girl之间需填入形容词作定语；由下文“Everyone loves to make friends with her.”，结合提示词可知每个人都喜欢和她交朋友，所以她应是很友好，形容词“友好的”符合句意。故填friendly。 20．Mr. Zhou, can you give me some (suggest) on my study? 【答案】suggestions 【解析】句意：周老师，你能给我一些学习上的建议吗？根据“on my study”可知是给“关于学习的建议”，所给词suggest是动词，名词形式是suggestion“建议”，根据“some”可知，设空处填可数名词复数。故填suggestions。 二、单项选择 21．Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “im-”? A．polite B．patient C．active D．possible 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下列哪个单词不能加上前缀“im-”？考查构词法。polite“有礼貌的”—impolite“无礼貌的”；patient“耐心的”—impatient“不耐烦的”；active“积极的”，其反义词是inactive，不是imactive，因此不能加前缀“im-”；possible“可能的”—impossible“不可能的”。结合选项可知，选项C符合。故选C。 22．We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．polite B．active C．correct D．pleasant 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们可以把前缀“un-”加在pleasant之前，赋予它相反的含义。考查否定前缀。polite礼貌的，反义词为impolite；active积极的，反义词为inactive；correct正确的，反义词为incorrect；pleasant令人愉悦的，反义词为unpleasant。综上分析，故选D。 23．Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “un-”? A．comfortable B．able C．correct D．important 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下面哪个单词不能加前缀un-？考查构词法。comfortable舒适的，uncomfortable不舒适的；able能的，unable不能的；correct正确的，incorrect不正确的；interesting有趣的，uninteresting无趣的。ABD选项的前缀都是un-；C选项的前缀是in-。故选C。 24．Which of the following words is formed differently from “friendly”? A．weekly B．lovely C．yearly D．slowly 【答案】D 【解析】句意：以下哪个词的形式与“friendly”不同？考查构词法。weekly每周的，由名词week加后缀-ly构成形容词； lovely可爱的，由名词love加后缀-ly构成形容词； yearly年度的，由名词year加后缀-ly构成形容词；slowly缓慢地，由形容词slow加后缀-ly构成副词。题干中“friendly”由名词friend加后缀-ly构成形容词，因此选项D与其构成形式不同。故选D。 25．Which of the following words is formed the same way as the word “roommate”? A．carelessness B．unhappiness C．homesick D．achievement 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下列哪个单词与“roommate”的构词方式相同？考查构词方式。carelessness是由“careless” 加上名词后缀 “-ness” 构成的派生词；unhappiness 是由“happy” 加前缀“un-”并加名词后缀 “-ness” 构成的派生词；roommate由两个名词“room”和“mate”构成的合成词；achievement 是由动词“achieve”加名词后缀 “-ment” 形成的派生词。“roommate” 是由两个名词 “room” 和 “mate” 组合在一起构成合成词，所以homesick与其构词方式相同。故选C。 26．We can put the suffix ‘less’ after the following words to give them the opposite meaning EXCEPT ________. A．taste B．possible C．sleep D．care 【答案】B 【解析】句意：除了possible之外，我们可以在下面的单词后面加上less后缀来表示相反的意思。考查构词法。taste味道，表示相反意义的单词是tasteless，表示“无味的”；possible可能，表示相反意义的单词是impossible，意为“不可能的”；sleep睡觉，表示相反意义的单词是sleepless，表示“睡不着觉的”；care小心，表示相反意义的单词是careless，表示“粗心的”。结合选项可知，除了possible之外，我们可以在下面的单词后面加上less后缀来表示相反的意思。故选B。 27．下列英文缩写中表示“中国人民解放军”的是________。 A．UN B．VR C．PRC D．PLA 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下列字母组合表示“中国人民解放军”的是PLA。考查缩写。UN联合国；VR虚拟现实；PLA中国人民解放军；PRC中华人民共和国。分析题干可知，中国人民解放军的缩写是PLA。故选D。 28．Which of the following words is formed the same way as “wartime”? A．suggestion B．bookworm C．accountant D．carelessness 【答案】B 【解析】句意：以下哪个词的构成方式与 “wartime” 相同？考查构词法。“wartime”是由两个名词“war”和“time”构成的合成词。选项中“bookworm”也是由两个名词“book”和“worm”构成的合成词，与“wartime”构词法一致。故选B。 29．________ is short for (是……的缩写) the People’s Republic of China. A．WTO B．PLA C．NBA D．PRC 【答案】D 【解析】句意：PRC是中华人民共和国的缩写。考查缩写。WTO世界贸易组织；PLA中国人民解放军；NBA美国职业篮球联赛；PRC中华人民共和国。根据“ the People’s Republic of China.”可知，中华人民共和国的缩写是PRC。故选D。 30．Which word is formed the same way as the word “bookworm”? A．handbag B．pronunciation C．impatient D．achievement 【答案】A 【解析】句意：下面哪个单词组成形式类似“bookworm”?考查合成词。handbag手提包；pronunciation发音；impatient不耐心的；achievement成就。bookworm由book和worm组成，而选项A中handbag由hand和bag组成。故选A。 31．“WHO” means (意思是) ________. A．世界卫生组织 B．自动提款机 C．联合国 D．美国篮球协会 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“WHO”的意思是世界卫生组织。考查缩写。WHO的意思是世界卫生组织，全称World Health Organization。故选A。 32．We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．polite B．active C．correct D．popular 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们可以把前缀“un-”放在popular之前，赋予它相反的含义。考查否定前缀。polite礼貌的，反义词为impolite；active积极的，反义词为inactive；correct正确的，反义词为incorrect；popular流行的，反义词为unpopular。故选D。 33．缩略形式PRC的含义是“________”。 A．中华人民共和国 B．中国共产党 C．中国人民解放军 D．中国中央电视台 【答案】A 【解析】句意：缩略形式PRC的含义是 “中华人民共和国”。考查缩写。PRC中华人民共和国(the People’s Republic of China)缩写。故选A。 34．Which of the following suffixes means “not”? A．-ful B．-ness C．-less D．-ly 【答案】C 【解析】句意：以下哪个后缀表示“不是”？考查构词法。-ful为形容词后缀；-ness为名词后缀；-less为表示否定的形容词后缀；-ly为副词后缀。less为表示“不是”的后缀。故选C。 35．Which of the following words has a different prefix to make it have an opposite meaning? A．able B．lucky C．active D．certain 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下面哪个单词有不同的前缀使它有相反的意思？考查派生词。able能的；lucky幸运的；active积极的；certain当然。根据意思是要找出下列单词中有不同前缀的词，四个单词都有前缀，其中选项A/B/D中单词的前缀都是“un”，而答案C中单词的前缀是“in”， 与其他三个不同，故选C。 一、完形填空 （一）（2024·辽宁抚顺·一模）On October 17th, keep your eyes along the horizon (地平线) at dusk to see a breathtaking supermoon rise in the autumn sky. It’s the closest and 1 supermoon of this year. This sky event happens 2 times during every lunar cycle because the moon moves in an oval (椭圆形的) path, so it’s sometimes nearer or 3 from Earth. Along the moon’s path around Earth, the closest point is called perigee (近点). At perigee, the moon is usually 226,000 miles (363,300 kilometers) from Earth. When a full moon happens at the 4 time as perigee, it’s called a supermoon. 5 , the moon travels around its host planet at about 238,855 miles (384,400 kilometers) away, but during this month’s supermoon, it will be only 222,095 miles (357,428 kilometers) from Earth. This makes it the closest full moon of the year 2024. The full moon in October is 6 as the Hunter’s moon, which originated (起源) from Native (土著的) Americans. Because it 7 around the start of hunting (狩猎) season and traditionally 8 a key chance for hunters to notice animals hiding in recently harvested (收割) fields. For several evenings, the moonrise comes soon after sunset. This 9 plenty of bright moonlight in the early evening, which was a traditional aid to farmers and workers harvesting their summer-grown crops. Thus, it’s called the Harvest Moon! Since fields had recently been cleared out under the Harvest Moon, hunters could easily notice deer and other animals that had 10 to search for remaining scraps (残余物). 1．A．brightest B．darkest C．smallest D．farthest 2．A．much B．once C．several D．any 3．A．faster B．farther C．cleaner D．closer 4．A．present B．seldom C．same D．such 5．A．Finally B．Hardly C．Suddenly D．Commonly 6．A．called B．regarded C．suggested D．required 7．A．takes place B．looks up C．depends on D．lays out 8．A．allowed B．provided C．offered D．stole 9．A．results B．leads C．comes D．brings 10．A．come on B．come in C．come out D．come across 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2024年10月17日的超级月亮。 1．句意：这是今年距离最近、最明亮的超级月亮。 brightest最亮的；darkest最黑的；smallest最小的；farthest最远的。根据“closest and”可知，最近的时候是最亮的。故选A。 2．句意：这种天文现象在每个月球周期都会发生几次，因为月球的运行轨道是椭圆形的，所以它有时离地球近，有时离地球远。 much许多，修饰不可数名词；once一次；several几个；any任何。根据“This sky event happens ... times during every lunar cycle”可知，这种天文现象在每个月球周期都会发生几次，故选C。 3．句意：这种天文现象在每个月球周期都会发生几次，因为月球的运行轨道是椭圆形的，所以它有时离地球近，有时离地球远。 faster更快的；farther更远的；cleaner更干净的；closer更近的。根据“nearer or”可知，此处指“更远的”，故选B。 4．句意：当满月恰逢近地点时，就被称为超级月亮。 present现在的；seldom很少；same相同的；such这样的。根据“at the ... time as perigee”可知，此处表示“相同的”，其它选项不符合句意。故选C。 5．句意：通常，月球绕其母星运行的距离约为238,855英里 (384,400公里)，但在这个月的超级月亮期间，它将仅距离地球222,095英里 (357,428公里)。 Finally最后；Hardly几乎不；Suddenly突然；Commonly通常。根据“the moon travels around its host planet at about 238,855 miles (384,400 kilometers) away”可知，此处指“通常情况下”，故选D。 6．句意：10月的满月被称为猎人之月，其起源于美洲原住民。 called叫做；regarded认为；suggested建议；required要求。根据“as the Hunter’s moon”可知，此处指“被称为猎人之月”，故选A。 7．句意：因为它发生在狩猎季节开始前后，传统上为猎人提供了发现躲藏在刚收割过的田地里的动物的关键机会。 takes place发生；looks up查阅；depends on取决于；lays out铺开。根据“around the start of hunting (狩猎) season”可知，此处指“发生”。故选A。 8．句意：因为它发生在狩猎季节开始前后，传统上为猎人提供了发现躲藏在刚收割过的田地里的动物的关键机会。 allowed允许；provided提供；offered提供；stole偷。根据“a key chance for hunters”可知，考查provide sth. for sb.“给某人提供某物”，其它选项无此用法，故选B。 9．句意：这在傍晚时分带来了充足的明亮月光，这对于农民和工人在收获夏季作物时来说是一种传统的帮助。 results结果；leads导致；comes来；brings带来。根据“plenty of bright moonlight”可知，此处指“月亮带来月光”，故选D。 10．句意：由于在收获月期间田地刚刚被清理干净，猎人很容易发现出来寻找残余物的鹿和其他动物。 come on加油；come in进来；come out出来；come across偶遇。根据“to search for remaining scraps”可知，此处指“出来寻找残余物”，故选C。 （二）（2024·云南昆明·一模）从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was the day when the jobs were handed out. All the children were excited in the class. It 1 during the first week of the term. Every child 2 a job and they would be responsible (负责) for it for the rest of that school year. Rita was a kind and quiet girl, and during the last year Rita followed the teacher’s words perfectly. So all the children thought she could get the best job of all. But that year there was a big 3 . Each child received one of the normal jobs, like preparing the books, telling the time, or cleaning the blackboard. But Rita’s job was very 4 . She got a little box with some sand and one ant in it. 5 the teacher explained that this ant was a very special one, Rita could not help feeling disappointed (失望). Most of her classmates also felt sorry for her and thought it was 6 . “Why was I offered such a small task (任务)?” Rita said to her teacher 7 . “If you can care for the ant well, maybe you will get a secret result,” the teacher explained. “Then I will turn this little task into something great,” Rita said to 8 . Rita started studying everything about her little ant carefully. With her care, it ended up growing quite a bit bigger than anyone expected. One day the headmaster came into the classroom and said, “Congratulations (祝贺)! Your class can get a chance to have a journey to the rainforest, just because your class has taken best care of the little ant.” That day the school was filled 9 joy and celebration. And without doubt, Rita was the most satisfied one. All children learned the importance of being responsible, even in the 10 tasks. 1．A．took up B．took after C．took turns D．took place 2．A．gives B．is given C．was given D．is giving 3．A．surprise B．interest C．warmth D．happiness 4．A．popular B．same C．different D．famous 5．A．So B．Though C．But D．Because 6．A．fair B．unfair C．healthy D．unhealthy 7．A．sadly B．happily C．comfortably D．hopefully 8．A．him B．himself C．her D．herself 9．A．on B．in C．with D．of 10．A．least B．smallest C．biggest D．most 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 【文章大意】本文讲述了一个名叫Rita的女孩通过认真负责地照顾一只小蚂蚁，最终为全班赢得了一次去热带雨林旅行机会的故事。 1．句意：它发生在学期的第一周。 took up占据；took after与……相像；took turns轮流；took place发生。根据“It was the day when the jobs were handed out.”可知，此处指班级工作分发这个事情发生在学期的第一周。故选D。 2．句意：每个孩子都被分配了一份工作，他们将在那学年剩下的时间里负责这份工作。 gives给，动词第三人称单数；is given一般现在时的被动语态；was given一般过去时的被动语态；is giving现在进行时。根据“Every child ... a job”可知，每个人被给予了一份工作，时态为一般过去时，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 3．句意：但是那一年发生了一件令人大为惊讶的事。 surprise惊奇，惊讶；interest兴趣；warmth温暖；happiness快乐。根据“So all the children thought she could get the best job of all.”和“But Rita’s job was very ... She got a little box with some sand and one ant in it.”可知，所有同学都认为Rita会得到最好的工作，结果Rita得到的是照顾蚂蚁这种小工作，这让同学们倍感惊讶。故选A。 4．句意：但是Rita的工作非常不同。 popular受欢迎的；same相同的；different不同的；famous著名的。根据“preparing the books, telling the time, or cleaning the blackboard”和“She got a little box with some sand and one ant in it.”可知，Rita的工作是照顾一只小蚂蚁，与其他同学的整理书籍、报时和檫黑板很不同。故选C。 5．句意：尽管老师解释说这只蚂蚁很特别，Rita还是忍不住感到失望。 So因此；Though尽管；But但是；Because因为。根据“... the teacher explained that this ant was a very special one, Rita could not help feeling disappointed (失望).”可知，前后句是让步关系，故应用Though引导让步状语从句。故选B。 6．句意：她的大多数同学也为她感到难过，认为这是不公平的。 fair公平的；unfair不公平的；healthy健康的；unhealthy不健康的。根据“So all the children thought she could get the best job of all.”可知，所有的孩子都认为Rita能得到最好的工作，结果她的工作却很小，所以大多数同学认为这种分配是不公平的。故选B。 7．句意：“为什么给我这么小的任务？”Rita伤心地对她的老师说。 sadly伤心地；happily高兴地；comfortably舒服地；hopefully有希望地。根据上文“Rita could not help feeling disappointed (失望).”可知，Rita很伤心地问老师为什么分给自己如此小的任务。故选A。 8．句意：“那我就把这个小任务变成一件大事，”Rita自言自语道。 him他；himself他自己；her她；herself她自己。根据“Then I will turn this little task into something great”可知，这是Rita对她自己说的话，应用反身代词herself。故选D。 9．句意：那天，学校里充满了欢乐和庆祝。 on在……上面；in在……里面；with和；of……的。be filled with“充满”，固定短语。故选C。 10．句意：所有的孩子都学会了负责的重要性，即使是在最小的任务中。 least最少的；smallest最小的；biggest最大的；most最多的。根据“All children learned the importance of being responsible, even in the ... tasks.”和上文“such a small task”可知，Rita被分到一个小任务，但她尽心尽力地完成，所以此处指即使面对最小的任务，孩子们也懂得了负责的重要性。故选B。 二、短文填空 （2024·山东青岛·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Welcome to Harbin NOW! With its special beauty, Harbin has become more and more popular on social media. Among these wonderful sights are a group of eleven lovely children from Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. They bravely started an educational trip 1 Harbin, immediately winning the hearts of online communities. Wearing bright orange clothes, they are known as “Little Oranges”. This nickname 2 (stand) for their cute orange clothing and the famous oranges production in Guangxi. Each day, their interesting trip is watched by thousands of people. Wherever they go, they are warmly welcomed by the 3 (local). In Harbin, they tasted the delicious local food and watched a firework show in the Ice and Snow World. At the northernmost police station of China, they 4 (sing) the national anthem (国歌) with the soldiers, marking an important part of their 5 (education) trip. A parent of one of the children expressed thanks for the support and attention by friends from Northeast China. The use of orange coats worn by the children 6 (choose) mainly for safety reasons. Such action of care have 7 (true) provided the parents with peace of mind. This activity provides children with a life experience 28 makes them stronger and more confident. During the trip, they may need to face many problems such as language problems and transportation difficulties. Getting over these problems by 9 (they) can make them more independent and face the future life 10 (good). 【答案】 1．to 2．stands 3．locals 4．sang 5． educational 6．was chosen 7． truly 8．which 9．themselves 10．better 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了来自广西南宁的11名孩子到哈尔滨进行教育之旅的事件。 1．句意：他们勇敢地开始了去哈尔滨的教育之旅，立即赢得了网络社区的心。根据“They bravely started an educational trip...Harbin, immediately winning the hearts of online communities.”可知表示到哈尔滨的旅行，此处应该填入介词to，意为“朝，到……(某地)”。故填to。 2．句意：这个昵称代表他们可爱的橙色服装和广西著名的橙子产品。根据前文语境可知，此处时态是一般现在时，主语是This nickname，所以谓语动词要用单数形式，stand的单数形式是stands，作谓语，stand for“代表”，动词短语。故填stands。 3．句意：无论他们走到哪里，都受到当地人的热烈欢迎。根据“they are warmly welcomed by the...”，结合所给词可知，local“当地人”，可数名词，结合句意可知，此处要用复数形式，local的复数形式是locals。故填locals。 4．句意：在中国最北端的警察局，他们与士兵们一起唱国歌，这是他们教育之旅的重要组成部分。根据前文“In Harbin, they tasted the delicious local food and watched a firework show in the Ice and Snow World”可知，此处时态为一般过去时，结合分析句子和所给词可知，此处应该填入sang，sing的过去式，作谓语，意为“唱歌”符合语境。故填sang。 5．句意：在中国最北端的警察局，他们与士兵们一起唱国歌，这是他们教育之旅的重要组成部分。education“教育”，名词，空后是名词trip，此处用形容词修饰名词。education的形容词是educational“有教育意义的”。故填educational。 6．句意：选择孩子们穿橙色外套主要是出于安全考虑。根据分析句子，结合所给词可知，主语The use of orange coats和谓语choose是被动关系，时态为一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，此处结构为：was+过去分词，choose的过去分词是chosen。故填was chosen。 7． 句意：这样的关怀行动确实让父母安心。根据“Such action of care have...provided the parents with peace of mind.”可知，true“正确的”，形容词，此处应该填入truly“真正地”，副词作状语，修饰谓语动词have provided。故填truly。 8．句意：这项活动为孩子们提供了一种生活体验，使他们更加坚强和自信。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少关系代词引导定语从句修饰experience，先行词指物，用which引导定语从句。故填which。 9． 句意：自己克服这些问题可以使他们更加独立，更好地面对未来的生活。根据“Getting over these problems by...”，结合所给词可知，此处考查by oneself“独自，某人自己”，固定搭配，此处应该填入themselves，意为“他们自己”。故填themselves。 10．句意：自己克服这些问题可以使他们更加独立，更好地面对未来的生活。根据“make them more independent and face the future life”可知，and前后结构一致，more independent是比较级形式，因此空处填比较级better。故填better。 一、完形填空 （一）（2024·青海西宁·中考真题）A young man once failed in his business. He felt there was no hope in his life. So he went to 1 wise man for help. The wise man didn’t give any advice but told a 2 . He planted grass and bamboo in the yard and 3 good care of them every day. After a few days, the grass started growing. 4 nothing happened to the bamboo the whole year. The wise man didn’t 5 and kept looking after them. Then the bamboo came out the next year. Only six months later, the bamboo was 6 than grass. After 7 the story, the young man suddenly saw the light of his life. He said, “The time of growth for bamboo is 8 from that of grass. Life is just like this. We should be patient and never stop going 9 we are in trouble.” The story always encouraged the young man. 10 , he made great achievements and succeeded! 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．plan B．joke C．lie D．story 3．A．takes B．took C．has taken D．is taking 4．A．And B．So C．But D．Or 5．A．put up B．look up C．give up D．set up 6．A．smaller B．taller C．cleaner D．shorter 7．A．writing B．reading C．hearing D．speaking 8．A．the same B．different C．far D．similar 9．A．why B．who C．where D．when 10．A．Finally B．Firstly C．Unluckily D．Actually 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 【文章大意】本文通过智者讲述竹子与草生长的故事，让年轻人明白了生活需要耐心和坚持，即使在困难中也要不断前行，最终会取得成功。 1．句意：因此，他去找了一位智者寻求帮助。 a不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词；/零冠词。此处泛指“一名智者”，wise以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选A。 2．句意：智者没有给出任何建议，而是讲了一个故事。 plan计划；joke玩笑；lie谎言；story故事。根据“the story”可知是讲了一个故事。故选D。 3．句意：他在院子里种了草和竹子，并且每天都好好照顾它们。 takes拿，动词单三；took动词过去式；has taken现在完成时；is taking现在进行时。根据“planted”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 4．句意：但是，竹子一整年都没有变化。 And并且；So因此；But但是；Or或者。此处和前句是转折关系，用but连接。故选C。 5．句意：智者没有放弃，继续照顾它们。 put up张贴；look up查阅；give up放弃；set up建立。根据“kept looking after them.”可知他没有放弃，继续照顾竹子。故选C。 6．句意：仅仅六个月后，竹子就比草高了。 smaller更小；taller更高；cleaner更干净；shorter更短。根据“than grass”可知竹子生长了，比草高。故选B。 7．句意：听完这个故事后，年轻人突然看到了他生活的希望之光。 writing写；reading阅读；hearing听；speaking说。根据“the story”可知是听完这个故事之后。故选C。 8．句意：竹子的生长时间与草是不同的。 the same相同的；different不同的；far远的；similar类似的。根据“The time of growth for bamboo is...from that of grass”可知竹子的生长时间与草是不同的，be different from“和……不同”。故选B。 9．句意：我们应该有耐心，遇到麻烦时永远不要停止。 why为什么；who谁；where哪里；when当。根据“we are in trouble”可知是当我们遇到困难时，不要停止。故选D。 10．句意：最后，他取得了巨大的成就并成功了！ Finally最后；Firstly首先；Unluckily不幸地；Actually实际上。根据“he made great achievements and succeeded!”可知最后他成功了。故选A。 （二）（2024·四川·中考真题）I’m Cathy, a middle school student. Last summer vacation, I became a volunteer. I volunteered in a children’s center. There were about 50 children there. I 1 some babies and elder children. I liked helping out in the baby rooms. Those babies were so small and lovely. At first, I felt a little 2 to see those babies because their parents left them there and had to work. But after I 3 that they were cared for well, I felt much better. One of the 4 was special. She was only one year old, but she was very smart. She smiled as soon as she saw me. She liked to be with me and I was 5 every time she was pleased and smiled at me. The elder children were smart, too. Every day they liked to 6 with me and wanted more attention. I noticed a 5-year-old girl on the first day. She seemed very lonely and often sat 7 at the table. I tried to give her confidence to join other children in different activities. By the end of my 8 there, she had made some friends and looked much happier than before. I loved every minute there and 9 to see the look of pleasure on every child’s face. The children were upset when I was 10 , but I thought I was even sadder. I told hem I would visit them if I was free. 1．A．waited for B．looked after C．listened to D．talked about 2．A．hungry B．sad C．excited D．relaxed 3．A．said B．saw C．decided D．explained 4．A．students B．volunteers C．parents D．babies 5．A．happy B．kind C．polite D．lucky 6．A．fight B．work C．play D．travel 7．A．politely B．quietly C．hopefully D．carefully 8．A．trip B．lesson C．meeting D．stay 9．A．hoped B．refused C．went D．failed 10．A．arriving B．smiling C．leaving D．sleeping 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者在一个儿童中心做志愿者时的工作经历。 1． 句意：我照顾一些婴儿和大一点的孩子。 waited for等待；looked after照顾；listened to听；talked about谈论。根据“I liked helping out in the baby rooms”可知是照顾婴儿和孩子。故选B。 2．句意：起初，看到那些婴儿时我感到有点难过，因为他们的父母把他们留在那里去工作了。 hungry饥饿的；sad悲伤的；excited兴奋的；relaxed放松的。根据“because their parents left them there and had to work”可知他们的父母把他们留在这里，作者感到很难过。故选B。 3．句意：但当我看到他们被照顾得很好后，我感觉好多了。 said说；saw看到；decided决定；explained解释。根据“that they were cared for well, I felt much better.”可知是看到他们被照顾得很好。故选B。 4．句意：其中一个婴儿很特别。 students学生；volunteers志愿者；parents父母；babies婴儿。根据“She was only one year old,”可知是其中一个婴儿。故选D。 5．句意：她喜欢和我在一起，每次她高兴地对我微笑时，我都感到很开心。 happy开心的；kind善良的；polite有礼貌的；lucky幸运的。根据“every time she was pleased and smiled at me.”可知她朝我微笑时，我应该很开心。故选A。 6．句意：每天他们都喜欢和我玩耍，并希望得到更多的关注。 fight打架；work工作；play玩；travel旅行。根据“with me and wanted more attention”可知作者和大一点的孩子玩。故选C。 7．句意：她看起来很孤独，经常安静地坐在桌子旁。 politely礼貌地；quietly安静地；hopefully充满希望地；carefully仔细地。根据“She seemed very lonely”可知她很孤独，安静地坐在桌子旁。故选B。 8．句意：在我停留结束时，她交了一些朋友，看起来比以前高兴多了。 trip旅行；lesson课程；meeting会议；stay停留。根据“By the end of my...there”可知是在作者在那里停留结束时。故选D。 9．句意：我喜欢那里的每一分钟，希望看到每个孩子脸上快乐的表情。 hoped希望；refused拒绝；went去；failed失败。根据“to see the look of pleasure on every child’s face.”可知是希望看到每个孩子脸上快乐的表情。故选A。 10．句意：当我离开时，孩子们感到很难过，但我认为我更难过。 arriving到达；smiling微笑；leaving离开；sleeping睡觉。根据“The children were upset”可知作者离开时孩子们很难过。故选C。 二、短文填空 （2024·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my bike. While I was waiting for the green light by the side of the road. 1 old man waved and walked towards me. I felt a little nervous. He said 2 (slow), “Excuse me, Could you please help me?” I looked at him up and down. He looked about seventy years old. He took out ten yuan and said, “You see the old lady over there? She 3 (sell) baked sweet potatoes. Could you just take the money and buy one 4 her?” He pointed at the woman about fifty 5 (meter) away. “But 6 don’t you buy it yourself?” I was puzzled (困惑的). The old man continued, “That old lady is my wife and it’s her 7 (one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes. She forgot to take gloves with her. I know she can’t stand the cold because her legs hurt, too. She told me there was only one sweet potato left and that she wouldn’t go home until all the sweet potatoes were sold out. I’m very 8 (worry) about her.” At that time, I 9 (understand) everything. I felt really warm and moved. Without 10 (take) the money, I rode fast to the old lady and bought the last sweet potato. 【答案】 1．An 2．slowly 3． is selling 4．from 5．meters 6．why 7．first 8．worried 9．understood 10．taking 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者下班回家途中遇到一位老人，老人想让他帮助自己买妻子卖的红薯的暖心故事。 1．句意：一位老人在路边等红绿灯时向我挥手走来。此处泛指一位老人，old以元音音素开头，应用an。故填An。 2．句意：他慢慢地说：“打扰一下，请问你能帮帮我吗？”空处修饰动词，应用副词。故填slowly。 3．句意：她在卖烤红薯。根据“You see the old lady over there?”可知，“卖”红薯的动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，主语是she，be动词用is。故填is selling。 4．句意：你能拿着钱，帮我从她那里买一个吗？根据下文“don’t you buy it yourself?”可知，是指从那位老妇人那里买一个红薯，应用介词from“从”。故填from。 5．句意：他指着距离大约五十米远的女人。fifty修饰meter的复数形式。故填meters。 6．句意：但你为什么不自己买呢？根据“I was puzzled (困惑的)”可知，作者很疑惑老人为什么不自己去买红薯，而是让自己帮忙买，应用why。故填why。 7．句意：那位老妇人是我的妻子，今天是她第一次卖烤红薯。根据“it’s her...(one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes,”可知，是指第一天卖红薯，应用序数词first。故填first。 8．句意：我非常担心她。be worried about“担心”，固定搭配。故填worried。 9．句意：那时候，我了解了一切。根据上下文可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填understood。 10．句意：我没有拿钱，立即骑自行车快速去找那位老太太，买了最后一个烤红薯。without是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填taking。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$