内容正文:
第14讲 介词和介词短语
目 录
考情透视·目标导航 2
知识导图·思维引航 4
考点突破·考法探究............................................................................................................................... 5
考点一 介词的用法...................................................................................................................... 4
考点二 介词的辨析....................................................................................................................... 6
1.介词的分类................................................................................................................................. 6
2.常用介词辨析............................................................................................................................. 6
3.重难易错常考介词...................................................................................................................11
考点三 常考介词短语................................................................................................................. 15
1.常见介词短语........................................................................................................................... 15
2.介词与形容词的搭配................................................................................................................ 18
3.“be+形容词+介词”短语........................................................................................................ 21
考点
课标要求
考查频次
命题预测
介词
· 掌握表示地点、时间、方式和方向等介词;掌握常见介词on,in,at,to,for,with等的基本用法
· 10年10考
介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
介词短语
· 掌握常见易混介词短语辨析及固定搭配
· 10年10考
目标导航:
1.熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法;
2.掌握介词与其他词类所构成的一些固定短语;
❤锦囊妙计
锦囊1:命题方向
介词是语法填空的必考点和难点,学生应该熟练掌握:
1.常见介词及短语的基本用法
2.介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。
3.在复杂语境中考查介词或短语的简单意义和用法。
锦囊2:解题方向
1. 如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。
2. 高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。
3.做题时应该先分析句子结构并根据上下文句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语或介词本身的意思来确定要填的词。
介词是一种虚词。表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。介词在句中单独作成分,后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语,表示人或事物之间的关系。
考点一 介词的用法
知识梳理
介词短语可在句中 作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。如:
介词短语
示例
作定语
The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside. (定)
作状语
We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)
He goes to work by bus every day.(方式状语)
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)
What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
一百多年来,最有影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的词典。(表时间)
作表语
My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在课桌上放着。
A few apples remain on the tree.树上还留有机关苹果。
作补足语
I found the old building in a bad condition.我发现那栋旧建筑状况很差。
They must keep their hands behind their backs.他们必须把手放在背后。
即时训练
1.Our Maths teacher _______ short hair _______ young.
A.has; look B.with; look C.has; looks D.with; looks
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们的数学老师短发,看起来很年轻。考查主谓一致及介词。has有;look看起来;with 和……在一起,具有,介词;looks看起来,动词单三形式。根据“Our Maths teacher ... short hair”可知,空一处用with的介词短语,作定语,修饰Our Maths teacher;空二处主语是Our Maths teacher,为单数,故谓语动词也用三单looks。故选D。
2.I study English ________ to tapes.
A.to listen B.by hears C.by listening D.by hearing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我通过听磁带学英语。考查介词辨析和动词辨析。to通常与动词原形构成动词不定式;by + doing sth.表示通过某种方式,根据语境可知,此处指的是通过听磁带学习英语,故应用介词by,故A选项可排除。hear和listen to都有“听”的意思,但hear强调听到的是听见的结果,而listen to强调的是听的动作,根据语境可知,此处强调的是听的动作,故选C。
3.The little boy filled his box ________ some old books.
A.with B.by C.in D.for
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个小男孩在他的盒子里装满了一些旧书。 考查介词。with用,可用于引出完成动作所使用的工具或手段;by通过,表方式或手段;in在……里面,方位介词;for为了。根据“filled his box”可知,此处应该用介词with,固定搭配fill ... with ...表示“用……装满……”。故选A。
4.—She answered all the questions ________ any help.
—Really? She is so smart.
A.under B.with C.in D.without
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——她在没有任何帮助(的情况)下就回答了所有的问题。——真的吗?她真的很聪明。考查介词辨析。under在……下面;with和,有;in在……里面;without没有。根据“She is so smart.”可知,她真的很聪明,故应是在没有任何的帮助的情况下,就回答出了问题。故选D。
5.My roommate is a girl ________ round eyes and long hair.
A.has B.with C.have D.is having
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的室友是个长着圆眼睛长头发的女孩。考查介词的用法。句中is是谓语动词,而has和have是实义动词,一个句子中不能同时出现两个动词,且此空表示“长着圆眼睛长头发的女孩”,介词短语作后置定语。故选B。
考点二 介词的辨析
知识梳理
1.介词的分类
时间介词:at, about, after, before, during, by, from, for, in, on,, until, since
方位介词:at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through
原因介词:at, with, because of, for, owing to, on account of
方式介词:with, in, by
其它介词:about关于, on关于, of ......的, with与......一起,用, without没有, like像, except除了, besides除了......之外还有, instead of而不是, but除了,from自从,despite, in spite of, regardless of等。
【易错提醒】
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
2.常用介词辨析
1. 表示“时间”的介词
at, on , in
at表示时刻、时间的某一点;at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas
on表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午或晚上;on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day
in表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内); in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning
before表示“在……之前”;after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
by, until/till, by, until
by表示“在……之前,截止到……”;
until/till表示“直到……为止”;
by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成;
until表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
Can you repair my bike by Friday?你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗?
You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车,一直坐到伦敦。
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到7点我们才开始看电视。
The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。
for, during, through
for表示“达……之久”,指经过多长时间,常和完成时连用;
during表示“在……期间或某项活动中”;
through表示“一直……”,指从开始到结束。
They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了5年。
She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。
They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
from, since
from表示“从……起”;
since表示“自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)”
The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从7点开到9点。
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。
I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从2021年以来我一直在学习医学。
in, within
in表示“在……后(未来时间)”;
within表示“不超过……的范围”。
He will be back in three hours.他3小时后回来。
You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。
2. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at home在家
at a factory在一家工厂
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
on, above, over和below, under, beneath
on表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;above表示“在……上方”;over表示“在……正上方”;under表示“在……正下方”;below表示“在……下方”。
on the wall在墙上
above the clouds在云端
over the sea在海上
under the chair在椅子下
below the surface of the water在水面下
by, near
by表示“在……旁边”;
near表示“在……附近”。
by me在我旁边
near the house在房子附近
between, among, around
between表示“在两者之间”;
among表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
around表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B在A和B之间
among the trees在树林中
around the table围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind表示“在……后面”;
opposite表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom在教室前面
behind my house在我家房子后面
opposite me在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in表示“在……之内”,
into表示“进入”;
out of表示“从……到外面”;
up表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom在教室里
ran into the classroom跑进教室
rush out of the room冲出房间
climb up the tree爬上树
along, across, past, through
along表示“沿着”;
across表示“横穿(平面)”;
past表示“经过”;
through表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与in有关,。
along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路
across the river横渡过河
past the city hall经过市政厅
through the city/forest穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
for表示“向……(目的地)”;
from表示“从……(地点)起”。
get to the airport到达机场
leave for动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海
3. 表示原因的介词
常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of, through等。
for, because of, at, out of
for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。
I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。
at:常表示某种表情的起因,常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。
You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息,你看上去并不是很吃惊。
He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。
from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因
Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。
of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。
I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后,表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。
Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。
by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。
by chance/accident意外,偶然地, by nature天生
because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。
owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子,可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。
They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather.
由于天气变化,他们决定推迟旅行。
due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。
on account of:与because of,owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语,但不作定语。
That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”,也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。
4. 表示除.....之外的介词
besides表示“除了……外,还有……”,表示累加关系,指包括介词宾语在内;
except表示“除……以外”,表示排除关系,指从整体中除去一部分;
but表示“除……以外”,与except同义,但是比except的语气更强烈。
I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文,我还喜欢英语和数学。
Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外,所有人都在这里。
There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外,什么也没有。
5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词
against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。
He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。
for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度,思是“支持,赞成”,与in favor of同义。
Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划?
6. 表示方式的介词
in, with, by
in表示“用材料、语言”。
Can you say it in English?
with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。
by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。
He prefers traveling by car.
他更喜欢乘汽车出行。
3.重难易错常考介词
(1)for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语
①It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时,用of。常见的形容词有 kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate,polite,impolite,cruel 等。
It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us.
你好心帮助我们,真是太好了。
It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了,竟然相信这样一个人。
②It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用for。常见的形容词有 important,necessary,possible,impossible等。
It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说,找一份工作很难。
It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。
(2)不可遗漏的后置介词
①在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。
The child has been taken good care of in the nursery.
这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。
②在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。
③在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。
I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。
④作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。
We have many new models to choose from.
我们有许多新模型可以选择。
(3)to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。
如:to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the /surprise/horror/joy/regret of sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。
Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job.
使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。
Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party.
非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。
即时训练
1.Does he study ________ working ________ his friends?
A.in; by B.on; with C.by; with D.by; on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他是通过和朋友们一起工作来学习的吗?考查介词。in在……里;on在……上;by凭借,通过;with和。根据语境“Does he study...working...his friends?”可知,“和”朋友们“通过”工作一起学习吗?“with his friends”译为“和朋友们”,“by doing”译为“通过做某事”。故选C。
2.Walk ________ the bridge and you’ll find the post office.
A.through B.cross C.across D.past
【答案】C
【解析】句意:走过这座桥,你就会找到邮局。考查介词用法。through通过;cross穿过,动词;across穿过,介词;past经过。根据“Walk...the bridge”可知是穿过桥,是从表面穿过,walk across“穿过”。故选C。
3.The speech about environment will last ________ two hours. Please don’ t be late.
A.in B.on C.for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:关于环境的演讲将持续两个小时。请不要迟到。考查介词辨析。in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体时刻;for后接一段时间。空格后two hours是一段时间,此空应填for,表示“长达两个小时”。故选C。
4.I am sure that we will finish the work ________ the dinner time.
A.in B.for C.by
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我保证我们将会在晚餐前完成工作。考查时间介词。 in表示年、月、季节、世纪、时代;for后接一段时间;by表示某个时间之前。根据“the dinner time”可知,是保证在晚饭前完成。故选C。
5.Russian President Vladimir Putin paid a visit to Harbin _______ May 17, 2024.
A.in B.on C.at
【答案】B
【解析】句意:2024年5月17日,俄罗斯总统普京访问了哈尔滨。考查时间介词。in后接年、月、季节等大概时间;on后跟具体日期;at后接时刻。由“May 17, 2024”可知,此处是具体日期,应用介词on。故选B。
6.—You’ve been here ________ a month. Don’t you miss your parents?
—Yes, I plan to go back home ________ a month.
A.in; in B.for; in C.for; after D.after; after
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你已经来这里一个月了。难道你不想你的父母吗?——是的,我计划一个月后回家。考查介词辨析。in在某个时间范围内或未来的某个时间点;for表示某个动作持续多长时间;after在某时间点之后。第一个空表示这种状态持续了一个月,用介词for表示持续多久;第二个空表示未发生的动作,在将来的多长时间之后,用介词in,故选B。
7.They sat on the beach and watched the setting sun disappear gradually ________ the horizon (地平线).
A.below B.beside C.above
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他们坐在海滩上,看着落日渐渐消失在地平线下。考查介词辨析。below在……下面,指位置低于某水平面或参照物;beside在……旁边,指位于旁边;above在……上面,指位置高于某水平面或参照物。根据“watched the setting sun disappear”,可知,太阳消失的方向应该是往地平线下面。故选A。
8.In order to improve our writing skills, our teacher asked each of us to keep a dairy ________ English every day.
A.at B.on C.in
【答案】C
【解析】句意:为了提高我们的写作技巧,老师要求我们每个人每天用英语写一篇日记。考查介词辨析。at在;on在……上面;in表示使用某种语言。根据“keep a dairy...English”可知,此处指用英语写日记,介词in符合题意。故选C。
9.—How do you make yourself relaxed before you give a speech?
—________ taking a deep breath.
A.With B.On C.For D.By
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——在演讲之前,你是如何让自己放松的?——通过深呼吸。考查介词辨析。with和;on在……上;for为了;by通过。根据“How do you make yourself relaxed before you give a speech?”可知,问如何让自己放松的方式,应用介词by,故选D。
10.—Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, and please get me some sugar, too. I prefer coffee ________ sugar.
A.to B.with C.in D.of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你想喝点咖啡吗?——是的,也请给我拿些糖。我更喜欢加糖的咖啡。考查介词辨析。to到;with带有;in在……里面;of关于。根据答语“Yes, and please get me some sugar, too.”可知,此处指更喜欢加糖的咖啡,应用介词with“带有”,介词短语“with sugar”在句中作后置定语。故选B。
11.—Last Saturday we didn’t climb the mountain ________ the heavy rain.
—What a pity!
A.because B.because of C.in front of D.before
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——上周六由于大雨我们没有爬山。——多么可惜啊。考查短语辨析。because因为;because of由于;in front of在……前面;before在……之前。heavy rain“大雨”是名词短语,而because后面要加从句,可以先排除A选项;根据语境可知,“大雨”是没有爬山的原因,B选项符合题意。故选B。
12.—Did you study any other language ________ English when you were at college?
—Yes, I also studied French there. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each.
A.besides; besides B.but; except C.except; except D.besides; except
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——当你上大学时,除了英语,你还学过其它任何语言吗?——是的,我还学了法语。但是,每种语言除了几个单词外,我已经全都忘了。考查介词辨析。besides除……之外(还有),包括其后的宾语在内;except除……之外,不包括在内,语气更强;but除了……(不再有)。根据“any other language”可知提问者问对方学了哪些语言,英语属于语言,包括在内,所以第一空填besides;而回答者说把学过的都忘了,只记住几个单词,这几个单词不在遗忘的范围内,所以第二空填except。故选D。
13.It’s a bad habit to leave our classroom ________ the lights on.
A.with B.about C.from
【答案】A
【解析】句意:不关灯就离开教室是个坏习惯。考查介词辨析。with和;about关于;from来自。根据“the lights on”可知此处用with复合结构“with the lights on”表示“开着灯”。故选A。
考点三 常考介词短语
知识梳理
1.常见介词短语
(1)at短语
at birth出生时
at first起初
at home在家
at last最后
at least至少
at most最多
at night在晚上
at once马上;立刻
at present目前
at times有时
at work在工作
at the moment此时
at the same time同时
at the age of在……岁时
at the beginning of 在……开始时
at the end of在……结束时
at the foot of 在……底部
at the top of在……顶端
(2)by短语
by+交通工具 乘坐……
by accident偶然;意外地
by chance偶然;碰巧
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by the time到……的时候
by the way顺便说一下
by the end of到……结束时
(3)in短语
in agreement达成一致
in all 总共
in danger处于危险中
in fact 事实上
in general总体而言
in hand在手头;在进行中
in need在困境中
in pain 痛苦地
in peace和平地
in person亲自
in public公开地
in order井然有序
in return作为回报
in short 简言之
in silence沉默
in surprise惊奇地
in time及时
in total总共
in trouble处于困境中
in turn 轮流
in a hurry匆忙地
in a minute 立刻;马上
in a word总而言之
in one’s opinion 在某人看来
in that case既然那样
in the end最后
in the future在将来
in the past 在过去
in the way妨碍
in this way 用这种方式
in other words 换句话说
in control of掌管
in front of 在……前面(外部)
in the front of在……前面(内部)
in the middle of在……中间
in the face of 面对
in order to 为了
(4)on短语
on business出差
on duty值日
on foot步行
on sale廉价销售
on time准时
on vacation在度假
on weekends在周末
on one’s own独自
on the Internet 在网上
on the left/right在左边/右边
on one’s way to在某人去……的路上
(5)from短语
across from 在……对面
from...to... 从……到……
from now on从今以后
from then on从那时起
from time to time 不时
(6)of短语
ahead of在……之前
because of 因为
instead of 代替
a number of 许多
the number of ……的数量
the rest of 其余的
the symbol of ……的象征
first of all首先
of medium height 中等身高
all of a sudden 突然
(7)to短语
according to 根据
close to 接近
next to 紧靠……
thanks to 多亏;由于
to be honest 老实说
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
to start with 起初
(8)其他常见介词短语
after all 毕竟
along with 连同
as for 至于
as usual像往常一样
for example 例如
for sale 待售
for sure 无疑;肯定
less than 少于
more than 多于
such as 比如
without doubt 毫无疑问
all in all 总的来说
as a result 结果;因此
with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
once in a while偶尔;间或
once upon a time曾经
2.介词与形容词的搭配
about短语
bring about导致,引起
care about关心;在意
come about 发生
hear about 听说
know/learn about了解
talk about 谈论
think about考虑
worry about 担心
at短语
laugh at 嘲笑
look at 看
knock at敲
point at 指向
shout at 斥责……;对……大喊
throw at 投向;掷向
work at 从事;研究
down短语
break down损坏;出故障
calm down (使)平静
cut down砍倒;削减
die down逐渐变弱
fall down倒塌;摔倒
let down 使失望
lie down躺下
pull down摧毁;拆毁
sit down坐下
slow down减速
take down拆除;记录
turn down调低,关小;拒绝
lie down躺下
pull down摧毁;拆毁
sit down坐下
write down写下
for短语
ask for 要求;请求
care for 关心;照顾;喜欢
cheer for 为……欢呼
leave for 出发前往
pay for 付钱
prepare for 为……做准备
wait for 等候;等待
off短语
break off中断;中止
clean off扫除;擦去
cut off切除;剪掉
drive off 驱车离去;驶去
get off 下车
give off发出,放出(光、热等)
pay off 偿清
put off推迟
send off发出;寄出
set off出发,动身
show off炫耀
take off(飞机)起飞;脱下
shut off关闭
turn off关掉
kick sb. off开除某人
see sb. off 为某人送行
on短语
call on号召;拜访
cheer sb. on为某人加油
carry on继续;坚持
come on 快点儿;加油
depend on依靠;取决于
go on持续;发生
hold on不挂断(电话);坚持
keep on继续(前行)
try on试穿
take on 承担
turn on接通;打开
work on从事;继续工作
out短语
break out 爆发
bring out使显现
carry out 执行
check out调查;察看
clear out 清理;丢掉
come out开花;出版;显示
cut out 删除;删去
die out 灭绝
eat out出去吃
find out 查明;发现
give out分发;发放
go out 外出(娱乐);熄灭
hand out分发
hang out 闲逛
help out 帮忙解决
leave out 不包括;不提及
look out当心
pick out 选出
point out指出
put out扑灭;扔掉
run out 用光
sell out卖完
set out 出发;动身
try out 试用;参加选拔
turn out结果是
work out成功地发展;解决
to短语
belong to 属于
dance to 伴着……跳舞
listen to 听
lead to 导致;通向
stick to 坚持;固守
shout to 对……大声喊叫
speak to 对……说话
talk to 与……交谈
pay attention to 注意;留心
help oneself to 请随便吃/喝……
hold on to 继续;坚持;保持
up短语
bring up提出;养育
call up打电话给;征召
cheer up 使振奋
clean up打扫
dress up打扮
eat up吃光
end up结束
fix up修理
give up放弃
grow up成长;长大
hurry up快点;赶快
look up 查阅;抬头看
make up编造;构成
pick up捡起;接人
put up搭建;张贴;举起
send up 发出;射出
set up建立;创立
show up出现;露面
stay up 熬夜
stand up站起来
take up占据;开始从事
tidy up收拾;整理
turn up开大;调高;出现
wake up睡醒;醒来
use up用完;耗尽
build sb. up 增强某人的体质
with短语
agree with 同意
deal with 处理;解决;应付
begin/start with 以……开始
compare with 与……作比较
connect with 与……相连
help out with 帮忙做
catch up with 赶上;达到
come up with 想出;提出
fall in love with 喜欢上
get on/along with 与……和睦相处
keep up with 跟上;不落后
3.“be+形容词+介词”短语
be+形容词+at
be amazed at对……感到吃惊 be good at擅长…… be mad at对……感到生气
be disappointed at对……感到失望 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
be+形容词+with
be angry with 对……感到生气 be busy with忙于…… be good with善于应付……
be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意
be strict with对……严格要求
be+形容词+for
be late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做准备 be sorry for对……感到抱歉
be responsible for对……负责 be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处
be thirsty for渴望…… be thankful for 对……心存感激
be famous/known for因……而闻名
be+形容词+of
be afraid of害怕…… be tired of 对……感到厌倦 be proud of以……为骄傲
be full of充满…… be certain/sure of对……有把握 be short of 短缺
be+形容词+from
be absent from缺席 be different from 与……不同
be separated from和……分开
be free from 免受;免于
be+形容词+in
be different in在……方面不同 be interested in对……感兴趣
be weak in在……方面弱 be successful in在……方面成功
be+形容词+about
be careful about对……小心 be crazy about 对……热衷
be sorry about对……感到抱歉
be sure about 对……有把握 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格
即时训练
1.—You sit in your room _________ for a long time, Li Hua.
—I just want to be quiet for a while.
A.in person B.in silence C.in public
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你安静地坐在你的房间很长时间了,李华。——我只是想安静一会儿。考查介词短语。in person亲自;in silence安静地,无声地;in public公开地。根据“I just want to be quiet for a while.”可知,此处表示安静地坐在房间很长时间了。故选B。
2.It’s reported that, ________, people with college education can make more money than those without.
A.in all B.in public C.in general D.above all
【答案】C
【解析】句意:据报道,一般来说,受过大学教育的人比没有受过大学教育者赚的钱多。考查介词短语。in all总共;in public在公共场合;in general一般来说,普遍地;above all首先,最重要的是。根据“It’s reported that…people with college education can make more money than those without.”并结合语境可知,空处指的是陈述某种事实,in general“一般来说,普遍地”符合语境。故选C。
3.—The decision wasn’t made ________. I have thought about it for long.
—Well. It’s wise of you to think twice before acting.
A.at last B.by accident C.in public D.on time
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这个决定不是偶然做出的。我已经考虑很久了。 ——嗯。你在行动前三思是明智的。
考查介词短语。at last最终;by accident偶然地;in public公开地,在公共场合;on time按时。根据“I have thought about it for long”和“…to think twice before acting”可知,决定不是偶然做出的。故选B。
4.My parents just called me. I’m afraid I have to have dinner with them ________ shopping with you tonight.
A.instead B.instead of C.rather than D.replace
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我父母刚打电话给我。恐怕今晚我得和他们一起吃晚饭,而不能和你一起购物。考查词义辨析。instead代替,副词,单独使用;instead of而不是,后接名词或动名词等;rather than而不是,连接动词时,前后动词形式需要一致;replace代替,动词原形。根据空后的“shopping with you tonight”可知,B项符合。故选B。
5.Tom is such an excellent student that he always stays ________ his class.
A.at the bottom of B.near the end of C.in the front of D.at the top of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:汤姆是一个非常优秀的学生,他总是在班上名列前茅。考查介词短语。at the bottom of在……的底部;near the end of接近……的结尾;in the front of在……的前面(表示方位);at the top of在……顶端。根据“such an excellent student”可知,优秀的学生成绩一般会在班级的前面而非后面,at the top of“在……顶端”,常用来形容某人在群体中表现优异。故选D。
6.—I’m afraid Mr. White can’t meet you before 4 o’clock.
—Oh, _________, I won’t wait.
A.after all B.in total C.in that case
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——恐怕怀特先生不能在4点钟之前和你见面。——哦,那样的话,我就不等了。考查介词短语。after all毕竟;in total总共;in that case那样的话。根据“I’m afraid Mr. White can’t meet you before 4 o’clock.”以及“I won’t wait.”可知如果他不能在4点钟之前和你见面,就不等了,选项C符合语境。故选C。
7.—Sorry, I didn’t win a prize in the speech competition.
—Never mind. ________, you’ve tried your best.
A.Thanks to B.For example C.In general D.After all
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——对不起,我在演讲比赛中没有获奖。——没关系,毕竟,你已经尽力了。考查介词短语。Thanks to由于;For example例如;In general一般来说;After all毕竟。根据“you’ve tried your best.”可知,此处是安慰对方,意为“毕竟,你已经尽力了”。故选D。
8.It is safer for you to swim with your parents ________ an accident.
A.in honor of B.in case of C.in memory of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:和父母一起游泳更安全,以防发生意外。考查介词短语。in honor of为了纪念;in case of以防万一;in memory of为了纪念。根据“...an accident.”可知,以防发生意外。故选B。
9.There are a lot of ways to protect the environment. ________, we can change what we eat or choose public transport.
A.In general B.For example C.First of all D.To our surprise
【答案】B
【解析】句意:有很多方法来保护环境。例如,我们可以改变我们的饮食或选择公共交通。考查介词短语。In general总的来说;For example例如;First of all首先;To our surprise令我们惊讶的是。根据“we can change what we eat or choose public transport.”可知,这是保护环境的例子,故选B。
10.We can see that the flower shop is ________ the candy shop in the picture.
A.across from B.next to C.in the middle of D.in front of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们可以看到图片中的花店就在糖果店的对面。考查介词短语。across from在……的对面;next to在……旁边;in the middle of在……中间;in front of在……前面。根据图片信息可知,花店与糖果店之间有一条街道,而花店在糖果店的对面,空处应是“across from”。故选A。
11.________ my opinion, watching English movies is a good way to improve our listening and speaking skills.
A.From B.At C.On D.In
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在我看来,看英语电影是提高我们听说技巧的好方法。考查介词辨析。From来自;At在……;On在……上;In在……里。此处固定短语“in my opinion”表示“在我看来”。故选D。
12.________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A.On B.In C.At D.With
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在现代技术的帮助下,科学家们拍到了一张黑洞的照片。考查介词辨析。On在……上面;In在……里面;At在;With和,随着。根据“...the help of modern technology”可知,此处是固定短语with the help of “在……的帮助下”。故选D。
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第14讲 介词和介词短语
目 录
考情透视·目标导航 2
知识导图·思维引航 4
考点突破·考法探究............................................................................................................................... 5
考点一 介词的用法...................................................................................................................... 4
考点二 介词的辨析....................................................................................................................... 6
1.介词的分类................................................................................................................................. 6
2.常用介词辨析............................................................................................................................. 6
3.重难易错常考介词...................................................................................................................11
考点三 常考介词短语................................................................................................................. 15
1.常见介词短语........................................................................................................................... 15
2.介词与形容词的搭配................................................................................................................ 17
3.“be+形容词+介词”短语........................................................................................................ 19
考点
课标要求
考查频次
命题预测
介词
· 掌握表示地点、时间、方式和方向等介词;掌握常见介词on,in,at,to,for,with等的基本用法
· 10年10考
介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
介词短语
· 掌握常见易混介词短语辨析及固定搭配
· 10年10考
目标导航:
1.熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法;
2.掌握介词与其他词类所构成的一些固定短语;
❤锦囊妙计
锦囊1:命题方向
介词是语法填空的必考点和难点,学生应该熟练掌握:
1.常见介词及短语的基本用法
2.介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。
3.在复杂语境中考查介词或短语的简单意义和用法。
锦囊2:解题方向
1. 如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。
2. 高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。
3.做题时应该先分析句子结构并根据上下文句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语或介词本身的意思来确定要填的词。
介词是一种虚词。表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。介词在句中单独作成分,后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语,表示人或事物之间的关系。
考点一 介词的用法
知识梳理
介词短语可在句中 作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。如:
介词短语
示例
作定语
The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside. (定)
作状语
We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)
He goes to work by bus every day.(方式状语)
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)
What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
一百多年来,最有影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的词典。(表时间)
作表语
My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在课桌上放着。
A few apples remain on the tree.树上还留有机关苹果。
作补足语
I found the old building in a bad condition.我发现那栋旧建筑状况很差。
They must keep their hands behind their backs.他们必须把手放在背后。
即时训练
1.Our Maths teacher _______ short hair _______ young.
A.has; look B.with; look C.has; looks D.with; looks
2.I study English ________ to tapes.
A.to listen B.by hears C.by listening D.by hearing
3.The little boy filled his box ________ some old books.
A.with B.by C.in D.for
4.—She answered all the questions ________ any help.
—Really? She is so smart.
A.under B.with C.in D.without
5.My roommate is a girl ________ round eyes and long hair.
A.has B.with C.have D.is having
考点二 介词的辨析
知识梳理
1.介词的分类
时间介词:at, about, after, before, during, by, from, for, in, on,, until, since
方位介词:at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through
原因介词:at, with, because of, for, owing to, on account of
方式介词:with, in, by
其它介词:about关于, on关于, of ......的, with与......一起,用, without没有, like像, except除了, besides除了......之外还有, instead of而不是, but除了,from自从,despite, in spite of, regardless of等。
【易错提醒】
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
2.常用介词辨析
1. 表示“时间”的介词
at, on , in
at表示时刻、时间的某一点;at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas
on表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午或晚上;on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day
in表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内); in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning
before表示“在……之前”;after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
by, until/till, by, until
by表示“在……之前,截止到……”;
until/till表示“直到……为止”;
by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成;
until表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
Can you repair my bike by Friday?你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗?
You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车,一直坐到伦敦。
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到7点我们才开始看电视。
The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。
for, during, through
for表示“达……之久”,指经过多长时间,常和完成时连用;
during表示“在……期间或某项活动中”;
through表示“一直……”,指从开始到结束。
They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了5年。
She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。
They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
from, since
from表示“从……起”;
since表示“自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)”
The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从7点开到9点。
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。
I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从2021年以来我一直在学习医学。
in, within
in表示“在……后(未来时间)”;
within表示“不超过……的范围”。
He will be back in three hours.他3小时后回来。
You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。
2. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at home在家
at a factory在一家工厂
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
on, above, over和below, under, beneath
on表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;above表示“在……上方”;over表示“在……正上方”;under表示“在……正下方”;below表示“在……下方”。
on the wall在墙上
above the clouds在云端
over the sea在海上
under the chair在椅子下
below the surface of the water在水面下
by, near
by表示“在……旁边”;
near表示“在……附近”。
by me在我旁边
near the house在房子附近
between, among, around
between表示“在两者之间”;
among表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
around表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B在A和B之间
among the trees在树林中
around the table围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind表示“在……后面”;
opposite表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom在教室前面
behind my house在我家房子后面
opposite me在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in表示“在……之内”,
into表示“进入”;
out of表示“从……到外面”;
up表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom在教室里
ran into the classroom跑进教室
rush out of the room冲出房间
climb up the tree爬上树
along, across, past, through
along表示“沿着”;
across表示“横穿(平面)”;
past表示“经过”;
through表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与in有关,。
along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路
across the river横渡过河
past the city hall经过市政厅
through the city/forest穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
for表示“向……(目的地)”;
from表示“从……(地点)起”。
get to the airport到达机场
leave for动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海
3. 表示原因的介词
常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of, through等。
for, because of, at, out of
for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。
I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。
at:常表示某种表情的起因,常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。
You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息,你看上去并不是很吃惊。
He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。
from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因
Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。
of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。
I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后,表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。
Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。
by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。
by chance/accident意外,偶然地, by nature天生
because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。
owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子,可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。
They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather.
由于天气变化,他们决定推迟旅行。
due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。
on account of:与because of,owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语,但不作定语。
That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”,也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。
4. 表示除.....之外的介词
besides表示“除了……外,还有……”,表示累加关系,指包括介词宾语在内;
except表示“除……以外”,表示排除关系,指从整体中除去一部分;
but表示“除……以外”,与except同义,但是比except的语气更强烈。
I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文,我还喜欢英语和数学。
Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外,所有人都在这里。
There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外,什么也没有。
5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词
against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。
He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。
for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度,思是“支持,赞成”,与in favor of同义。
Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划?
6. 表示方式的介词
in, with, by
in表示“用材料、语言”。
Can you say it in English?
with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。
by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。
He prefers traveling by car.
他更喜欢乘汽车出行。
3.重难易错常考介词
(1)for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语
①It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时,用of。常见的形容词有 kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate,polite,impolite,cruel 等。
It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us.
你好心帮助我们,真是太好了。
It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了,竟然相信这样一个人。
②It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用for。常见的形容词有 important,necessary,possible,impossible等。
It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说,找一份工作很难。
It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。
(2)不可遗漏的后置介词
①在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。
The child has been taken good care of in the nursery.
这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。
②在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。
③在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。
I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。
④作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。
We have many new models to choose from.
我们有许多新模型可以选择。
(3)to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。
如:to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the /surprise/horror/joy/regret of sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。
Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job.
使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。
Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party.
非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。
即时训练
1.Does he study ________ working ________ his friends?
A.in; by B.on; with C.by; with D.by; on
2.Walk ________ the bridge and you’ll find the post office.
A.through B.cross C.across D.past
3.The speech about environment will last ________ two hours. Please don’ t be late.
A.in B.on C.for
4.I am sure that we will finish the work ________ the dinner time.
A.in B.for C.by
5.Russian President Vladimir Putin paid a visit to Harbin _______ May 17, 2024.
A.in B.on C.at
6.—You’ve been here ________ a month. Don’t you miss your parents?
—Yes, I plan to go back home ________ a month.
A.in; in B.for; in C.for; after D.after; after
7.They sat on the beach and watched the setting sun disappear gradually ________ the horizen (地平线).
A.below B.beside C.above
8.In order to improve our writing skills, our teacher asked each of us to keep a dairy ________ English every day.
A.at B.on C.in
9.—How do you make yourself relaxed before you give a speech?
—________ taking a deep breath.
A.With B.On C.For D.By
10.—Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, and please get me some sugar, too. I prefer coffee ________ sugar.
A.to B.with C.in D.of
11.—Last Saturday we didn’t climb the mountain ________ the heavy rain.
—What a pity!
A.because B.because of C.in front of D.before
12.—Did you study any other language ________ English when you were at college?
—Yes, I also studied French there. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each.
A.besides; besides B.but; except C.except; except D.besides; except
13.It’s a bad habit to leave our classroom ________ the lights on.
A.with B.about C.from
考点三 常考介词短语
知识梳理
1.常见介词短语
(1)at短语
at birth出生时
at first起初
at home在家
at last最后
at least至少
at most最多
at night在晚上
at once马上;立刻
at present目前
at times有时
at work在工作
at the moment此时
at the same time同时
at the age of在……岁时
at the beginning of 在……开始时
at the end of在……结束时
at the foot of 在……底部
at the top of在……顶端
(2)by短语
by+交通工具 乘坐……
by accident偶然;意外地
by chance偶然;碰巧
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by the time到……的时候
by the way顺便说一下
by the end of到……结束时
(3)in短语
in agreement达成一致
in all 总共
in danger处于危险中
in fact 事实上
in general总体而言
in hand在手头;在进行中
in need在困境中
in pain 痛苦地
in peace和平地
in person亲自
in public公开地
in order井然有序
in return作为回报
in short 简言之
in silence沉默
in surprise惊奇地
in time及时
in total总共
in trouble处于困境中
in turn 轮流
in a hurry匆忙地
in a minute 立刻;马上
in a word总而言之
in one’s opinion 在某人看来
in that case既然那样
in the end最后
in the future在将来
in the past 在过去
in the way妨碍
in this way 用这种方式
in other words 换句话说
in control of掌管
in front of 在……前面(外部)
in the front of在……前面(内部)
in the middle of在……中间
in the face of 面对
in order to 为了
(4)on短语
on business出差
on duty值日
on foot步行
on sale廉价销售
on time准时
on vacation在度假
on weekends在周末
on one’s own独自
on the Internet 在网上
on the left/right在左边/右边
on one’s way to在某人去……的路上
(5)from短语
across from 在……对面
from...to... 从……到……
from now on从今以后
from then on从那时起
from time to time 不时
(6)of短语
ahead of在……之前
because of 因为
instead of 代替
a number of 许多
the number of ……的数量
the rest of 其余的
the symbol of ……的象征
first of all首先
of medium height 中等身高
all of a sudden 突然
(7)to短语
according to 根据
close to 接近
next to 紧靠……
thanks to 多亏;由于
to be honest 老实说
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
to start with 起初
(8)其他常见介词短语
after all 毕竟
along with 连同
as for 至于
as usual像往常一样
for example 例如
for sale 待售
for sure 无疑;肯定
less than 少于
more than 多于
such as 比如
without doubt 毫无疑问
all in all 总的来说
as a result 结果;因此
with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
once in a while偶尔;间或
once upon a time曾经
2.介词与形容词的搭配
about短语
bring about导致,引起
care about关心;在意
come about 发生
hear about 听说
know/learn about了解
talk about 谈论
think about考虑
worry about 担心
at短语
laugh at 嘲笑
look at 看
knock at敲
point at 指向
shout at 斥责……;对……大喊
throw at 投向;掷向
work at 从事;研究
down短语
break down损坏;出故障
calm down (使)平静
cut down砍倒;削减
die down逐渐变弱
fall down倒塌;摔倒
let down 使失望
lie down躺下
pull down摧毁;拆毁
sit down坐下
slow down减速
take down拆除;记录
turn down调低,关小;拒绝
lie down躺下
pull down摧毁;拆毁
sit down坐下
write down写下
for短语
ask for 要求;请求
care for 关心;照顾;喜欢
cheer for 为……欢呼
leave for 出发前往
pay for 付钱
prepare for 为……做准备
wait for 等候;等待
off短语
break off中断;中止
clean off扫除;擦去
cut off切除;剪掉
drive off 驱车离去;驶去
get off 下车
give off发出,放出(光、热等)
pay off 偿清
put off推迟
send off发出;寄出
set off出发,动身
show off炫耀
take off(飞机)起飞;脱下
shut off关闭
turn off关掉
kick sb. off开除某人
see sb. off 为某人送行
on短语
call on号召;拜访
cheer sb. on为某人加油
carry on继续;坚持
come on 快点儿;加油
depend on依靠;取决于
go on持续;发生
hold on不挂断(电话);坚持
keep on继续(前行)
try on试穿
take on 承担
turn on接通;打开
work on从事;继续工作
out短语
break out 爆发
bring out使显现
carry out 执行
check out调查;察看
clear out 清理;丢掉
come out开花;出版;显示
cut out 删除;删去
die out 灭绝
eat out出去吃
find out 查明;发现
give out分发;发放
go out 外出(娱乐);熄灭
hand out分发
hang out 闲逛
help out 帮忙解决
leave out 不包括;不提及
look out当心
pick out 选出
point out指出
put out扑灭;扔掉
run out 用光
sell out卖完
set out 出发;动身
try out 试用;参加选拔
turn out结果是
work out成功地发展;解决
to短语
belong to 属于
dance to 伴着……跳舞
listen to 听
lead to 导致;通向
stick to 坚持;固守
shout to 对……大声喊叫
speak to 对……说话
talk to 与……交谈
pay attention to 注意;留心
help oneself to 请随便吃/喝……
hold on to 继续;坚持;保持
up短语
bring up提出;养育
call up打电话给;征召
cheer up 使振奋
clean up打扫
dress up打扮
eat up吃光
end up结束
fix up修理
give up放弃
grow up成长;长大
hurry up快点;赶快
look up 查阅;抬头看
make up编造;构成
pick up捡起;接人
put up搭建;张贴;举起
send up 发出;射出
set up建立;创立
show up出现;露面
stay up 熬夜
stand up站起来
take up占据;开始从事
tidy up收拾;整理
turn up开大;调高;出现
wake up睡醒;醒来
use up用完;耗尽
build sb. up 增强某人的体质
with短语
agree with 同意
deal with 处理;解决;应付
begin/start with 以……开始
compare with 与……作比较
connect with 与……相连
help out with 帮忙做
catch up with 赶上;达到
come up with 想出;提出
fall in love with 喜欢上
get on/along with 与……和睦相处
keep up with 跟上;不落后
3.“be+形容词+介词”短语
be+形容词+at
be amazed at对……感到吃惊 be good at擅长…… be mad at对……感到生气
be disappointed at对……感到失望 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
be+形容词+with
be angry with 对……感到生气 be busy with忙于…… be good with善于应付……
be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意
be strict with对……严格要求
be+形容词+for
be late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做准备 be sorry for对……感到抱歉
be responsible for对……负责 be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处
be thirsty for渴望…… be thankful for 对……心存感激
be famous/known for因……而闻名
be+形容词+of
be afraid of害怕…… be tired of 对……感到厌倦 be proud of以……为骄傲
be full of充满…… be certain/sure of对……有把握 be short of 短缺
be+形容词+from
be absent from缺席 be different from 与……不同
be separated from和……分开
be free from 免受;免于
be+形容词+in
be different in在……方面不同 be interested in对……感兴趣
be weak in在……方面弱 be successful in在……方面成功
be+形容词+about
be careful about对……小心 be crazy about 对……热衷
be sorry about对……感到抱歉
be sure about 对……有把握 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格
即时训练
1.—You sit in your room _________ for a long time, Li Hua.
—I just want to be quiet for a while.
A.in person B.in silence C.in public
2.It’s reported that, ________, people with college education can make more money than those without.
A.in all B.in public C.in general D.above all
3.—The decision wasn’t made ________. I have thought about it for long.
—Well. It’s wise of you to think twice before acting.
A.at last B.by accident C.in public D.on time
4.My parents just called me. I’m afraid I have to have dinner with them ________ shopping with you tonight.
A.instead B.instead of C.rather than D.replace
5.Tom is such an excellent student that he always stays ________ his class.
A.at the bottom of B.near the end of C.in the front of D.at the top of
6.—I’m afraid Mr. White can’t meet you before 4 o’clock.
—Oh, _________, I won’t wait.
A.after all B.in total C.in that case
7.—Sorry, I didn’t win a prize in the speech competition.
—Never mind. ________, you’ve tried your best.
A.Thanks to B.For example C.In general D.After all
8.It is safer for you to swim with your parents ________ an accident.
A.in honor of B.in case of C.in memory of
9.There are a lot of ways to protect the environment. ________, we can change what we eat or choose public transport.
A.In general B.For example C.First of all D.To our surprise
10.We can see that the flower shop is ________ the candy shop in the picture.
A.across from B.next to C.in the middle of D.in front of
11.________ my opinion, watching English movies is a good way to improve our listening and speaking skills.
A.From B.At C.On D.In
12.________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A.On B.In C.At D.With
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