01 Module 3 Journey to space【速记清单】-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元速记·巧练（外研版）

Module3 Journey to space 01 思维导图 02 考点速记 Unit 1 1、What are you up to?你在做什么呢?(教材第18页) be up to 意为“忙于,从事,正在做”。What are you up to?常用于口语中,相当于“What are you doing?” e.g. I haven't seen you recently. What are you up to? 我最近没看见你。你在忙什么呢? What were you up to yesterday? You didn’t answer my phone. 昨天你在忙什么?你没有接我的电话。 【拓展】be up to sb.意为“由某人决定”。 Don't worry. It's up to me. 不要担心,这件事由我决定。 【拓展练习】 —When shall we start? —____ _. Any time is OK to me. A．It’s up to you B．I don’t mind it C．It doesn’t matter D．I don’t care about it 2、I've just made a model spaceship for our school project.我刚刚为我们的学校项目做了一个宇宙飞船模型。(教材第18页) 辨析:just与just now 【辨析】just与just now的用法辨析:两者都有“刚刚，刚才”的意思，都与时间有关，区别如下: just 刚刚 常用在现在完成时的肯定句中，常位于助动词have/has之后，实义动词之面。 The train has just left. 火车刚刚开走。 just now 刚才 相当于a moment ago，强调过去的动作，与一般过去时态连用，位于句末。 I saw him just now. 我刚才看见他了。 【拓展练习】 —I have ________ finished my homework. What about you? —I finished it __ _____. A．just; yet B．yet; just now C．just; just now D．just now; just 3、I haven't started yet because I'm not sure how to make it.我还没开始呢,因为我不确定怎么做。(教材第18页) (1)yet 副词,意为“还,尚”。常用于现在完成时的否定句中，表示某一动作到目前为止尚未发生。yet也可用于一般疑问句,意为“已经”,通常位于句末。 e.g.I haven't finished reading this book yet. 我还没有读完这本书。 e.g.一Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成家庭作业了吗? No, I haven't yet. 不,我还没完成。 【拓展】 not yet 意为“还没有”,可用于对现在完成时态的一般疑问句作否定回答。 ——Have you had lunch?你吃过午饭了吗? ——No, not yet.不,还没有。 【拓展练习】 —Have you eaten up the food in your plate __ _____? —Yes, I have ________ eaten it up. A．yet; yet B．yet; already C．already; yet (2)be sure 为固定短语，意为“确信;确信;相信”。其用法如下: ①be sure 后常接that引导的宾语从句(that可省略)，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的人或事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某人/物一定会……”。 e.g. I’m sure that he will pass the exam. 我确信他能通过这次考试。 ②be sure to do sth.表示说话者对句子主语作出的判断，认定其“必然;肯定”会做某事。它若用在祈使句中，不是表示判断，而是表示对对方的要求，意为“务必要做某事;一定要做某事。”如: e.g.I’ll be sure to let him know. 我一定会转告他。 ③be sure about/of (doing) sth.意为“对(做)某事有把握”，主语是人。如: e.g.He is not so sure about/of his plan. 他对他的计划不是很有把握。 【拓展】sure还可用作副词，意为“当然”，相当于“certainly”或“of course"。 【拓展练习】 My uncle is sure (come) back home tomorrow morning. 4、Sure, no problem.当然可以,没问题。(教材第18页) no problem 意为“没问题”,用于表示乐于做某人要求做的事。 e.g.I'm not good at maths. Can you help me? 我不擅长数学,你能帮我吗? No problem. 没问题。 【拓展】 ①用来回答感谢(主要用于美国英语中)，意为“不用谢;别客气;没什么”。 e.g. Thank you very much.非常感谢你。——No problem.没什么。 ②用来回答道歉(主要用于美国英语中)，意为“没关系;没什么”。如: e.g. Excuse me for smoking here.请原谅我在这儿抽烟了。—— No problem.没关系。 e.g.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。——No problem.没关系。 ③用来表示同意或愉快地回答请求，意为“没问题;小事一桩”。 e.g. Would you mind my keeping it for another week?我可以再借一个星期吗? No problem.没问题。 ④用来表示有能力做某事，意为“没问题;不在话下”。如: e.g. Can you make a kite?你会做风筝吗?----No problem.没问题。 e.g. Can you finish the work in an hour?你能在一小时内做完这工作吗? e.g. No problem.没问题。 【拓展练习】 -Will you carry the box for me, please? -Sure, A. no good B.no problem C.no idea D. no way 5、Have you heard the latest news?你听最近的新闻了吗?(教材第18页) (1)latest形容词,意为"最新的;最近的”,仅用于名词前作定语。 e.g.I bought her latest novel yesterday. 我昨天买了她最近出版的小说。 【拓展】 ①latest 作形容词，意为“最近的;最新的”;作“最晚”讲时为late的最高级。如: e.g.The news is all about the latest meeting.这条消息是关于最近的会议的。 ②late 作形容词或副词，意为“迟的(地);晚的(地)。如: e.g.I was late for school.我上学迟到了。 (2)news不可数名词,意为“新闻;消息”。说明其数量时要借助于piece。 a piece of news意为“一则消息”。 e.g.He watches the news every night. 他每天晚上都看新闻。 e.g.He told me a piece of exciting news yesterday. 昨天他告诉了我一则令人兴奋的消息。 【拓展练习】 （1）His invention_____ _ is a new board game. (late) （2）Come and have a look. Here __ ____. A．is a news B．is some news C．are some news D．are a news 6.Has it arrived yet?它已到达了吗?（教材第18页） (1)【辨析】arrive, get与reach的用法辨析 1）arrive 是不及物动词，其后必须加介词才能跟宾语。 ①arrive in后接表示洲、国家、城市等大地方的名词 e.g.They arrived in Shanghai last night. 他们昨晚到达上海。 ②arrive at后接表示车站、学校、邮局等较小地方的名词。 e.g.When will you arrive at the park tomorrow? 明天你什么时候到达公园？ ③若跟副词here， there或home时，省略介词in/at。如: e.g.Tom often arrives home late.汤姆经常到家很晚。 2）get 也是个不及物动词，其后加介词to，再接地点名词;若跟副词here ， there或home时，省略介词to。 e.g.What time does the plane get to England? 这架飞机几点到达英国? e.g.How can I get there? 我应该怎么到达那里？ ③reach 是及物动词，其后可直接跟名词或代词作宾语，也可以直接跟副词here ， there或home。 e.g.They reach school at 7 o’clock in the morning。 他们早上7点到校。 e.g.He had left when I reached the station. 当我到达车站时，他已经离开了。 【拓展练习】 选用reach, arrive 或get 填空，并注意其形式。 ①. What time does Helen _ _ to school? ②. Does Jane _ __ Beijing on Sunday? ③. Do you __ __ at the park early? 7、So have they discovered life on Mars? 那么他们在火星上发现生命了吗?(教材第18页) discover及物动词,意为“发现;找到”。通常用于指发现他人尚未发现但已经存在的东西。 e.g.Who discovered America?谁发现了美洲? 【拓展】辨析:find 与discover discover 指偶然或经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误 Who discovered electricity?谁发现了电? find 指通过寻求而发现,强调结果;也指偶然发现 I found my pen in a small box at last. 最后,我在一个小盒子里找到了我的钢笔。 【拓展练习】 —I know Edison light bulbs (电灯泡), but I don’t know who ________ America. —I know it was Columbus. A．discovered; discovered B．invented; invented C．invented; discovered D．discovered; invented 8、 Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.很多科学家正努力工作,为了有一天把宇航员送到火星上去。(教材第18页) （1）in order to do sth.意为“为了做某事”,表示目的,可位于句首或句中,其否定形式为in order not to do sth.. e.g.We started early in order to arrive before dark.为了在天黑前到达,我们早早动身了。 e.g.In order to make the room warm, we made a fire. 为了使房间暖和,我们生了火。 【拓展】in order that 也意为“为了”,引导目的状语从句,可以与so that引导的目的状语从句进行转换。 e.g.He climbed higher in order that he could see it clearly.=He climbed higher so that he could see it clearly. 为了能看清楚它,他爬得更高一些。 【拓展练习】 _____ _ get lost in the forest, we’d better take a compass (指南针) with us. A．In order to B．Don’t in order to C．In order not to D．In order to not 9、How can I get information on space travel?我怎么才能得到有关航天旅行的信息呢?(教材第18页) 辨析:information与message information 不可数 名词 意为“消息,通知，信息,知识,资料” The spaceship will send back much information about other planets. 宇宙飞船将发回大量有关其他行星的资料。 message 可数名词 意为“通报,消息,音信” Please take a message for me. 请为我捎个口信。 【拓展练习】 Computers are very useful.They can help us get much on the Internet. A.games C.courage B.information D.messages Unit 2 1、Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years. 科学家认为地球上的生命已经有亿万年了。 (1)【辨析】on the earth 与on earth的用法辨析: ①on the earth意为“在地球上”。 e.g.We live on the earth.我们生活在地球上。 ②on earth 意为“究竟，到底;世界上;天底下"。如: e.g.What on earth are you crying for?你究竟哭什么? 【拓展练习】 The natural resources will run out one day. 2、None of them has an environment like that of the earth... 这些行星没有一颗有像地球那样的 环境..(教材第20页) ①none 代词,意为“没有一个;没有一人;一点儿也没有”。指“三者或三者以上都不”,反义词是all。 ②none 可指人,也可指物。none of...意为“…中没有一个”，作主语时，如果none of后是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数,谓语动词用单复数均可。 e.g.None of the money is mine. 这钱没有一分是我的。 e.g.None of the books is/are hers. 这些书中没有一本是她的。 辨析:none与no one none 既可指人，也可指物 其后可与of连用 none of.. 作主语时，of后接不可数名词时谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用单 单数,of后接可数名词复数时谓语动词用单复数都可 常用于回答how many/much引导的问句或含有“any+名词"的一般疑问句 no one 只能指人(=nobody) 其后不能与of连用 做主语时谓语动词用单数 形式 常用于回答who引导的特 殊疑问句或含有anyone, anybody 的一般疑问句 【拓展练习】 ——I'd like some more apple juice.----Sorry,there's left. A. nothing B.none C.few D.a few 3、The sun and its planets are called the solar system... 太阳和它的行星被叫做太阳系…..(教材第20页) 本句是一个被动语态的句子,主语是动作的承受者而非执行者。一般现在时的被动语态的构成为“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词”。 e.g.The room is often cleaned by us. 这个房间经常被我们打扫。 e.g.The boy is often taken to play football by his father. 这个男孩经常被他父亲带着去踢足球。 【拓展练习】 The mountain __ ____ snow all year round. So it’s hard to climb it. A．covered B．was covered with C．is covered with D．cover 4、There are billions of stars in the Galaxy...在银河系中有数以十亿计的恒星……(教材第20页) billions of 意为“数以十亿计的;大量的”。 e.g.It will take billions of years. 它要花数十亿年。 【拓展】 ①“基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+可数名词复数”表示具体数目 ②“hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+可数名词复数”表示约数,意为“数百/数千/数百万/数十亿……”。 【拓展练习】 The country spends dollars helping the poor every year. A．two billion of B．two billions C．billions of 5、They are very far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us.它们离我们很遥远，它们的光必须要经过很多年才能到达地球。（教材第20页） be far away 意为“遥远”，后面不跟地点。如 e.g.My school is far away. 我的学校很远。 【拓展】be far away from 意为“离……远”，后面跟地点，只表示距离，away可省去。 e.g.The school is far (away) from my home. 学校离我家很远。 【拓展练习】 — is it from Sunshine Town to the center of Beijing? —It’s about 2 kilometers ________ our school. A．How long; far from B．How far; away from C．How long; far away from D．How far; far away from 6、It is impossible to imagine.那是难以想象的。(教材第20页) impossible 形容词,意为“不可能的;(事情)办不到的”,其反义词为possible(可能的);其副词形式为impossibly. e.g.Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。 e.g.It is impossible for me to buy a big house. 对我来说,买个大房子是不可能的。 【拓展练习】 ——Math is too difficult. I nearly give it up. ——Please don't. Nothing is if you put your heart into it. A.important B.impossible C.interesting 7、However, no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.但是,没有一 艘宇宙飞船已经旅行到足够远而到达我们银河系中的其他恒星。(教材第20页) （1）“形容词/副词+enough+to do sth."意为“足够...可以做某事”, （2）否定形式为“not+形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.",意为“不够……,不可以做某事”。 e.g.He is strong enough to carry the big box. 他足够强壮,可以搬运那个大箱子。 【拓展】 ①enough 作形容词修饰名词时,可以放在名词前，也可以放在名词后 ②enough作副词修饰形容词、副词或动词时,要放在所修饰的词之后。 e.g.He walks fast enough. 他走得足够快。 ③“形容词/副词 +enough+to do sth."通常可与so...that..结构互相转换,其否定形式通常可与too...to...结构相互转换。 e.g.Our classroom is big enough to hold 50 students.=Our classroom is so big that it can hold 50 students. 我们的教室足够大,能容纳50名学生。 e.g.My sister isn't old enough to look after himself.=My sister is too young to look after himself. 我妹妹年龄不够大,不能照顾自己。 【拓展练习】 He is ____ ____ to buy ________ for his parents. A．rich enough; enough gifts B．enough rich;enough gifts C．rich enough; gifts enough D．enough rich; gifts enough 8、Scientists have always asked the questions: with so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space?科学家们总是在问这样的问题:宇宙中有这么多恒星，我们是孤独的吗?抑或太空中还有其他生命存在呢?(教材第20页) (1)【辨析】question与problem的用法辨析: ①question 指说话者由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出的需要解答的问题,它常与动词ask或answer连用. e.g.May I ask you some questions?我可以问你一些问题吗? ②problem 指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词solve 或settle(解决)搭配。 e.g.The problem is difficult to be solved.这个问题很难解决。 【拓展练习】 —So how can we find the lost rabbit? —That’s really a good ___ ____. But I don’t know the answer. A．way B．page C．question (2)【辨析]alone与lonely的用法辨析: ①alone 是形容词，意为“独自的，单独的”，充当表语;还可作副词，意为“单独地，独自地”，表示客观上一个人，无感情色彩，充当状语。如: e.g.She was alone in that dark room. 她独自一人呆在那黑屋子里。 e.g. He lives alone. 他单独居住。 ②lonely是形容词，意为“孤独的;寂寞的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，作定语时，意为“荒凉;偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。如: e.g.He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.他单独居住，但是他并不感到寂寞。 e.g.There is a lonely house in the country.有一间孤零零的房子在乡下。 【拓展练习】 The old man lives ___ ____, but he never feels ________ because his children often visit him. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．lonely, lonely 9、Why has no one communicated with us?为什么还没有人和我们联系?(教材第20页) （1）communicate此处用作不及物动词,意为“联系;交流”。其名词形式为communication,意为“联系;交流”。 e.g.He can't communicate in English. 他无法用英语(与人)交流。 （2）communicate with sb.意为“与某人交流”。 e.g.You should communicate with your parents when you are in trouble. 当遇到困难时，你应该和你的父母交流。 【拓展练习】 (communicate) with parents regularly can make a big difference to strong family relationships. Peter doesn’t know how to with the monster. （communication） 语法知识 现在完成时（2） 一、当表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分别用 just, already 或 yet 加以强调或说明。 用法区别： （1）just 的用法 just 副词,意为“刚刚”,用于肯定句中,一般在have/has 之后,过去分词之前。 e.g.I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成了我的家庭作业。 Tom has just been to Shanghai. 汤姆刚去过上海。 (2)already的用法 一般用于肯定句中,常与完成时连用。有时already也用于疑问句中,表示惊奇或希望对方给出肯定的答复 e.g.I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了。 Have you done already? 你已经做过了吗? (3)yet的用法 一般用于否定句和疑问句中，常放在否定词之后或句末 e.g.His mother hasn't yet been to Beijing. 他妈妈还没有去过北京。 e.g.Has she gone to school yet? 她已经去学校了吗? 二、 have/has been to, have/has gone to 与have/has been ind 区别 （1）have/has been to意为“到过，去过”,表示曾到过某地,而此时人已不在那儿了 e.g.Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾经去过香港吗? (2)have/has gone to意为“去了”,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那个地方了，而不在说话人处 e.g.Where is Lily? Has she gone to the library? 莉莉在哪儿? 她去图书馆了吗? (3)have/has been in意为“待在”，常和表示持续意义的时间状语连用 e.g.I have been in Harbin for three years. 我已经在哈尔滨待了三年了。 三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果,不能与表示过去的时间状语(如 yesterday, 3 days ago 等)连用,也不能用when提问;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 e.g.I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(了解电影的内容) e.g. I saw the film last week.我上周看了这部电影。(只说明上周看电影这件事,不涉及现在) 【拓展练习】 一、用have been to/have gone to的适当形式填空。 1．Helen loves to talk about travel. She many places. 2．—Where is your father? —He Shanghai on business. 3．Miss Gao isn’t here. She the bus station to meet Mr. Brown. 4．I the Great Wall twice. 5．—This summer I will go to Qingdao. —Oh, it’s wonderful. I there three times. I hope you’ll have a good time. 二、用 “just”, “never”, “yet”, “ever” and “already” 填空。 1．I have called you. 2．I’ve been there before. 3．Have you found him ? 4．Have you been to  England? 5．China has developed a lot. 03 素养提升 第一部分 词汇默写 1、 n.地球 2、 n.月亮;月球 3、 n.新闻;消息 4、 n.行星 5、 v.到达;抵达 6、 adv.还，尚(用于表示某事在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生) 7、 adv.刚才;刚刚 8、 n.模型 9、 n.航天器;宇宙飞船 10、 n.计划;工程;项目 11、 没问题(用于表示乐于做某人要求做的事) 12、 adj.最近的;最新的 13、 prep.在(播放)中;关于… 14、 v.发现;找到 15、 n.宇航员 16、 航天旅行 17、 pron.没有一人;没有一个;一点儿也没有 18、 n.环境 19、 pron.那，那个(指代已被提及的事物) 20、 adj. 太阳的;与太阳有关的 21、 n.系统;体系 23、 星系;(尤指)太阳系 24、 n.群;组 25、 n.星系 26、 n.宇宙 27、 n.光;光线;光亮 28、 adj.(事情)办不到的，不可能的 29、 adv.在远方 30、 v.联系;交流 第二部分 拓展练习 一、根据句意及汉语提示，正确拼写单词 1．Jason heard the good (新闻) on the radio this morning. 2．The (地球) goes from the sun. 3．I think it’s very important to (交流) with your parents. 4．There are millions of (太阳系) in the universe. 5．We ate moon cakes as we looked at the (月球，月亮) in the sky last Autumn Festival. 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．The sun and its planets   (call) the solar system. 2．It took them more than two (billion) dollars to build the palace. 3．Scientists are working hard in order to (send) astronauts to Mars one day. 4．It will take her three days (reach) there by ship. 5．There are lots of (planet) in the solar system. 三、单项选择 1．The scientists ________ life on this planet already. A．discovered B．have discovered C．discover D．are discovering 2．Gao Ming comes from a small village _______ Shilihe. A．call B．called C．calling D．to call 3．I’ve never ________ my money. I shouldn’t spend my money in one go. A．thought out B．thought of C．thought about D．thought up 4．Please ________ with your parents and your teachers when you have trouble. A．argue B．agree C．communicate D．walk 5．This is the ________ book that the writer has written. A．late B．later C．latter D．latest 6．—I haven’t finished my homework ________. What about you? —I have ________ done mine. Let me help you. A．yet; already B．already; yet C．yet; yet D．already; already 7．The Greens ________ Shanghai yesterday evening. A．arrived at B．arrived in C．got D．reached at 8．In the English Club, students need to _______ each other in English. It will help them improve their spoken English. A．agree with B．communicate with C．worry about D．think about 9． stop more accidents,we should slow down the driving speed. A．In order that B．In order to C．Thanks for D．Thanks to 10． people watched Shenzhou Ⅸ spacecraft into space successfully in the world. A．Billion B．Billions C．Billion of D．Billions of 四、补全对话 M: Hello, mother! We learned about light in physics classes. It travels very fast. W: 1 M: Oh. It travels at a speed of 300,000 kilometres a second. The sun is about 149,840,000 kilometres away from the earth. Light from the sun reaches us in less than 9 minutes. W: Is the sun farther than the other stars? M: 2 Light from the nearest star except the sun needs about 4 years to reach the earth. W: Wow 3 M: Mmm...It takes hundreds of years for light from the farthest star to reach the earth. W: Oh! 4 I think you can be an astronomer(天文学家) when you grow up. M: Thank you, mother! 5 A．How long does it take for light to reach the farthest star? B．How clever you are! C．How far is it from the earth to the farthest star? D．Do you know how fast it travels? E．I will try my best. F．No, it isn't. 五、阅读理解 A Solar eclipses (日食) and lunar eclipses are fascinating events in space. During a solar eclipse, the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, making the Moon’s shadow (影子) fall on the Earth. If the Moon covers the Sun completely, it is called a total (全) solar eclipse. Sometimes, the Moon does not cover the Sun completely, and we see a ring around the Sun. This is called an annular (环形的) solar eclipse. During a lunar eclipse, the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, leaving its shadow on the Moon. Depending on how much of the Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon, we can have different kinds of lunar eclipses: total, partial, or penumbral (半影月食). To understand when these eclipses happen, we need to know where the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are positioned in space. For example, solar eclipses usually happen when the Moon is closest to the Earth, during the new moon. Lunar eclipses happen during the full moon. Compared to solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are much more often seen on the Earth. In Chinese stories from long ago, people thought dragons caused solar eclipses. They believed that two dragons fought and blew up storms which led to an eclipse. To make the dragons stop fighting and bring back light, people would play loud music and set off fireworks. There is also another story about Tiangou, the dog of a god, trying to eat the Moon during a lunar eclipse. To save the Moon, people would make loud noises like playing the drums and shouting to scare away Tiangou. These old tales show how people explained eclipses before scientists understood them. Now we know the real reasons behind these events, but the stories still remind us of how humans wanted to understand space. 1．What is a solar eclipse according to Paragraph 1? A． B． C． D． 2．Which is NOT true about lunar eclipse? A．There are three kinds of lunar eclipses. B．Lunar eclipses happen during the full moon. C．Lunar eclipses usually happen during the new moon. D．Lunar eclipses are more commonly seen than solar eclipses on the Earth. 3．What does the underlined word “positioned” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．placed B．processed C．fallen D．broken 4．According to Chinese folk stories, what causes a lunar eclipse? A．Two dragons blowing up storms. B．A dog trying to eat the Moon. C．Two dragons fighting with each other. D．A dog running after the Moon. 5．Where can you learn more about eclipses? A．https: //www. science. cn/. B．https: //www. artculture. net/. C．https: //www. sports. com/. D．https: //www. travelagency. org/. B Would you fly off to the red planet? Recently Holland put a plan called “Going to Mars”. They planned to send four astronauts to the Mars in 2023. The astronauts who are chosen will spend their rest life on the Mars. It is said that more than 1000 people have applied for the position, including 450 Chinese. What’s your opinion? Would you like to go there without your family, your friends and stay there for the whole life? Here are the opinions of some students. Students Opinions on the plan “Going to Mars” Hao Xingchen I wouldn’t take it. It is very dangerous to travel by spaceship. I am not ready for that. Also, I have been living on the Earth for more than 14 years. The Earth is like my mother who gives me everything in life. I don’t want to leave her behind. Yu Cong I’ve always been curious about space. If I could travel to Mars, I’d like to be the first to go there. It would be great honor if I could do something helpful for the human beings. Yang Yanwen I think this idea is great! But I wouldn’t do it, because I don’t think our technology is advanced enough yet. If they did this project under such situation, it would be quite dangerous. Maybe I would go if I had been well trained and technology was more highly developed. Liu Jiakun I wouldn’t go to Mars. I’ve heard that the temperature there is freezing at night. The atmosphere (大气层) is very thin and there is very little oxygen (氧气). Even if we can arrive there safely, we may not be able to get used to the environment there. Wei Yi Going to Mars would certainly be very challenging. I want to have a try. In this way I will explore space and come closer to the galaxy (银河系). I heard that there are aliens on Mars. I want to know whether it is true. 1．What is the function (作用) of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the background information of the passage. B．To give a summary of the passage. C．To show the writer’s opinion about the plan. D．To tell readers how to live in Mars. 2．If someone were chosen to be one of the astronauts to Mars, he or she must ________. A．go with his or her family B．live with aliens (外星人) C．stay there for the whole life D．stay there for 14 years 3．Who would like to have a try to go to Mars according to the passage? A．Hao Xingchen and Yu Cong. B．Yu Cong and Wei Yi. C．Yang Yanwen and Liu Jiakun. D．Yang Yanwen and Wei Yi. 4．Which of the following is NOT the reason why the students wouldn’t go to Mars? A．There is too little oxygen. B．There are aliens there. C．Our technology is not advanced enough. D．The atmosphere is very thin there. 5．The passage is probably from ________. A．a website B．a dictionary C．a guidebook D．a storybook 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Module3 Journey to space 01 思维导图 02 考点速记 Unit 1 1、What are you up to?你在做什么呢?(教材第18页) be up to 意为“忙于,从事,正在做”。What are you up to?常用于口语中,相当于“What are you doing?” e.g. I haven't seen you recently. What are you up to? 我最近没看见你。你在忙什么呢? What were you up to yesterday? You didn’t answer my phone. 昨天你在忙什么?你没有接我的电话。 【拓展】be up to sb.意为“由某人决定”。 Don't worry. It's up to me. 不要担心,这件事由我决定。 【拓展练习】 —When shall we start? —_____A___. Any time is OK to me. A．It’s up to you B．I don’t mind it C．It doesn’t matter D．I don’t care about it 2、I've just made a model spaceship for our school project.我刚刚为我们的学校项目做了一个宇宙飞船模型。(教材第18页) 辨析:just与just now 【辨析】just与just now的用法辨析:两者都有“刚刚，刚才”的意思，都与时间有关，区别如下: just 刚刚 常用在现在完成时的肯定句中，常位于助动词have/has之后，实义动词之面。 The train has just left. 火车刚刚开走。 just now 刚才 相当于a moment ago，强调过去的动作，与一般过去时态连用，位于句末。 I saw him just now. 我刚才看见他了。 【拓展练习】 —I have ________ finished my homework. What about you? —I finished it ___C_____. A．just; yet B．yet; just now C．just; just now D．just now; just 3、I haven't started yet because I'm not sure how to make it.我还没开始呢,因为我不确定怎么做。(教材第18页) (1)yet 副词,意为“还,尚”。常用于现在完成时的否定句中，表示某一动作到目前为止尚未发生。yet也可用于一般疑问句,意为“已经”,通常位于句末。 e.g.I haven't finished reading this book yet. 我还没有读完这本书。 e.g.一Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成家庭作业了吗? No, I haven't yet. 不,我还没完成。 【拓展】 not yet 意为“还没有”,可用于对现在完成时态的一般疑问句作否定回答。 ——Have you had lunch?你吃过午饭了吗? ——No, not yet.不,还没有。 【拓展练习】 —Have you eaten up the food in your plate __B______? —Yes, I have ________ eaten it up. A．yet; yet B．yet; already C．already; yet (2)be sure 为固定短语，意为“确信;确信;相信”。其用法如下: ①be sure 后常接that引导的宾语从句(that可省略)，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的人或事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某人/物一定会……”。 e.g. I’m sure that he will pass the exam. 我确信他能通过这次考试。 ②be sure to do sth.表示说话者对句子主语作出的判断，认定其“必然;肯定”会做某事。它若用在祈使句中，不是表示判断，而是表示对对方的要求，意为“务必要做某事;一定要做某事。”如: e.g.I’ll be sure to let him know. 我一定会转告他。 ③be sure about/of (doing) sth.意为“对(做)某事有把握”，主语是人。如: e.g.He is not so sure about/of his plan. 他对他的计划不是很有把握。 【拓展】sure还可用作副词，意为“当然”，相当于“certainly”或“of course"。 【拓展练习】 My uncle is sure to come (come) back home tomorrow morning. 4、Sure, no problem.当然可以,没问题。(教材第18页) no problem 意为“没问题”,用于表示乐于做某人要求做的事。 e.g.I'm not good at maths. Can you help me? 我不擅长数学,你能帮我吗? No problem. 没问题。 【拓展】 ①用来回答感谢(主要用于美国英语中)，意为“不用谢;别客气;没什么”。 e.g. Thank you very much.非常感谢你。——No problem.没什么。 ②用来回答道歉(主要用于美国英语中)，意为“没关系;没什么”。如: e.g. Excuse me for smoking here.请原谅我在这儿抽烟了。—— No problem.没关系。 e.g.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。——No problem.没关系。 ③用来表示同意或愉快地回答请求，意为“没问题;小事一桩”。 e.g. Would you mind my keeping it for another week?我可以再借一个星期吗? No problem.没问题。 ④用来表示有能力做某事，意为“没问题;不在话下”。如: e.g. Can you make a kite?你会做风筝吗?----No problem.没问题。 e.g. Can you finish the work in an hour?你能在一小时内做完这工作吗? e.g. No problem.没问题。 【拓展练习】 -Will you carry the box for me, please? -Sure, B A. no good B.no problem C.no idea D. no way 5、Have you heard the latest news?你听最近的新闻了吗?(教材第18页) (1)latest形容词,意为"最新的;最近的”,仅用于名词前作定语。 e.g.I bought her latest novel yesterday. 我昨天买了她最近出版的小说。 【拓展】 ①latest 作形容词，意为“最近的;最新的”;作“最晚”讲时为late的最高级。如: e.g.The news is all about the latest meeting.这条消息是关于最近的会议的。 ②late 作形容词或副词，意为“迟的(地);晚的(地)。如: e.g.I was late for school.我上学迟到了。 (2)news不可数名词,意为“新闻;消息”。说明其数量时要借助于piece。 a piece of news意为“一则消息”。 e.g.He watches the news every night. 他每天晚上都看新闻。 e.g.He told me a piece of exciting news yesterday. 昨天他告诉了我一则令人兴奋的消息。 【拓展练习】 （1）His invention_____ latest__ is a new board game. (late) （2）Come and have a look. Here ___B_____. A．is a news B．is some news C．are some news D．are a news 6.Has it arrived yet?它已到达了吗?（教材第18页） (1)【辨析】arrive, get与reach的用法辨析 1）arrive 是不及物动词，其后必须加介词才能跟宾语。 ①arrive in后接表示洲、国家、城市等大地方的名词 e.g.They arrived in Shanghai last night. 他们昨晚到达上海。 ②arrive at后接表示车站、学校、邮局等较小地方的名词。 e.g.When will you arrive at the park tomorrow? 明天你什么时候到达公园？ ③若跟副词here， there或home时，省略介词in/at。如: e.g.Tom often arrives home late.汤姆经常到家很晚。 2）get 也是个不及物动词，其后加介词to，再接地点名词;若跟副词here ， there或home时，省略介词to。 e.g.What time does the plane get to England? 这架飞机几点到达英国? e.g.How can I get there? 我应该怎么到达那里？ ③reach 是及物动词，其后可直接跟名词或代词作宾语，也可以直接跟副词here ， there或home。 e.g.They reach school at 7 o’clock in the morning。 他们早上7点到校。 e.g.He had left when I reached the station. 当我到达车站时，他已经离开了。 【拓展练习】 选用reach, arrive 或get 填空，并注意其形式。 ①. What time does Helen __get__ to school? ②. Does Jane _reach__ Beijing on Sunday? ③. Do you __arrive __ at the park early? 7、So have they discovered life on Mars? 那么他们在火星上发现生命了吗?(教材第18页) discover及物动词,意为“发现;找到”。通常用于指发现他人尚未发现但已经存在的东西。 e.g.Who discovered America?谁发现了美洲? 【拓展】辨析:find 与discover discover 指偶然或经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误 Who discovered electricity?谁发现了电? find 指通过寻求而发现,强调结果;也指偶然发现 I found my pen in a small box at last. 最后,我在一个小盒子里找到了我的钢笔。 【拓展练习】 —I know Edison C light bulbs (电灯泡), but I don’t know who ________ America. —I know it was Columbus. A．discovered; discovered B．invented; invented C．invented; discovered D．discovered; invented 8、 Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.很多科学家正努力工作,为了有一天把宇航员送到火星上去。(教材第18页) （1）in order to do sth.意为“为了做某事”,表示目的,可位于句首或句中,其否定形式为in order not to do sth.. e.g.We started early in order to arrive before dark.为了在天黑前到达,我们早早动身了。 e.g.In order to make the room warm, we made a fire. 为了使房间暖和,我们生了火。 【拓展】in order that 也意为“为了”,引导目的状语从句,可以与so that引导的目的状语从句进行转换。 e.g.He climbed higher in order that he could see it clearly.=He climbed higher so that he could see it clearly. 为了能看清楚它,他爬得更高一些。 【拓展练习】 _____C___ get lost in the forest, we’d better take a compass (指南针) with us. A．In order to B．Don’t in order to C．In order not to D．In order to not 9、How can I get information on space travel?我怎么才能得到有关航天旅行的信息呢?(教材第18页) 辨析:information与message information 不可数 名词 意为“消息,通知，信息,知识,资料” The spaceship will send back much information about other planets. 宇宙飞船将发回大量有关其他行星的资料。 message 可数名词 意为“通报,消息,音信” Please take a message for me. 请为我捎个口信。 【拓展练习】 Computers are very useful.They can help us get much B on the Internet. A.games C.courage B.information D.messages Unit 2 1、Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years. 科学家认为地球上的生命已经有亿万年了。 (1)【辨析】on the earth 与on earth的用法辨析: ①on the earth意为“在地球上”。 e.g.We live on the earth.我们生活在地球上。 ②on earth 意为“究竟，到底;世界上;天底下"。如: e.g.What on earth are you crying for?你究竟哭什么? 【拓展练习】 The natural resources on the earth will run out one day. 2、None of them has an environment like that of the earth... 这些行星没有一颗有像地球那样的 环境..(教材第20页) ①none 代词,意为“没有一个;没有一人;一点儿也没有”。指“三者或三者以上都不”,反义词是all。 ②none 可指人,也可指物。none of...意为“…中没有一个”，作主语时，如果none of后是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数,谓语动词用单复数均可。 e.g.None of the money is mine. 这钱没有一分是我的。 e.g.None of the books is/are hers. 这些书中没有一本是她的。 辨析:none与no one none 既可指人，也可指物 其后可与of连用 none of.. 作主语时，of后接不可数名词时谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用单 单数,of后接可数名词复数时谓语动词用单复数都可 常用于回答how many/much引导的问句或含有“any+名词"的一般疑问句 no one 只能指人(=nobody) 其后不能与of连用 做主语时谓语动词用单数 形式 常用于回答who引导的特 殊疑问句或含有anyone, anybody 的一般疑问句 【拓展练习】 ——I'd like some more apple juice.----Sorry,there's B left. A. nothing B.none C.few D.a few 3、The sun and its planets are called the solar system... 太阳和它的行星被叫做太阳系…..(教材第20页) 本句是一个被动语态的句子,主语是动作的承受者而非执行者。一般现在时的被动语态的构成为“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词”。 e.g.The room is often cleaned by us. 这个房间经常被我们打扫。 e.g.The boy is often taken to play football by his father. 这个男孩经常被他父亲带着去踢足球。 【拓展练习】 The mountain ___C____ snow all year round. So it’s hard to climb it. A．covered B．was covered with C．is covered with D．cover 4、There are billions of stars in the Galaxy...在银河系中有数以十亿计的恒星……(教材第20页) billions of 意为“数以十亿计的;大量的”。 e.g.It will take billions of years. 它要花数十亿年。 【拓展】 ①“基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+可数名词复数”表示具体数目 ②“hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+可数名词复数”表示约数,意为“数百/数千/数百万/数十亿……”。 【拓展练习】 The country spends C dollars helping the poor every year. A．two billion of B．two billions C．billions of 5、They are very far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us.它们离我们很遥远，它们的光必须要经过很多年才能到达地球。（教材第20页） be far away 意为“遥远”，后面不跟地点。如 e.g.My school is far away. 我的学校很远。 【拓展】be far away from 意为“离……远”，后面跟地点，只表示距离，away可省去。 e.g.The school is far (away) from my home. 学校离我家很远。 【拓展练习】 — B is it from Sunshine Town to the center of Beijing? —It’s about 2 kilometers ________ our school. A．How long; far from B．How far; away from C．How long; far away from D．How far; far away from 6、It is impossible to imagine.那是难以想象的。(教材第20页) impossible 形容词,意为“不可能的;(事情)办不到的”,其反义词为possible(可能的);其副词形式为impossibly. e.g.Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。 e.g.It is impossible for me to buy a big house. 对我来说,买个大房子是不可能的。 【拓展练习】 ——Math is too difficult. I nearly give it up. ——Please don't. Nothing is B if you put your heart into it. A.important B.impossible C.interesting 7、However, no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.但是,没有一 艘宇宙飞船已经旅行到足够远而到达我们银河系中的其他恒星。(教材第20页) （1）“形容词/副词+enough+to do sth."意为“足够...可以做某事”, （2）否定形式为“not+形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.",意为“不够……,不可以做某事”。 e.g.He is strong enough to carry the big box. 他足够强壮,可以搬运那个大箱子。 【拓展】 ①enough 作形容词修饰名词时,可以放在名词前，也可以放在名词后 ②enough作副词修饰形容词、副词或动词时,要放在所修饰的词之后。 e.g.He walks fast enough. 他走得足够快。 ③“形容词/副词 +enough+to do sth."通常可与so...that..结构互相转换,其否定形式通常可与too...to...结构相互转换。 e.g.Our classroom is big enough to hold 50 students.=Our classroom is so big that it can hold 50 students. 我们的教室足够大,能容纳50名学生。 e.g.My sister isn't old enough to look after himself.=My sister is too young to look after himself. 我妹妹年龄不够大,不能照顾自己。 【拓展练习】 He is ____A____ to buy ________ for his parents. A．rich enough; enough gifts B．enough rich;enough gifts C．rich enough; gifts enough D．enough rich; gifts enough 8、Scientists have always asked the questions: with so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space?科学家们总是在问这样的问题:宇宙中有这么多恒星，我们是孤独的吗?抑或太空中还有其他生命存在呢?(教材第20页) (1)【辨析】question与problem的用法辨析: ①question 指说话者由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出的需要解答的问题,它常与动词ask或answer连用. e.g.May I ask you some questions?我可以问你一些问题吗? ②problem 指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词solve 或settle(解决)搭配。 e.g.The problem is difficult to be solved.这个问题很难解决。 【拓展练习】 —So how can we find the lost rabbit? —That’s really a good ___C_____. But I don’t know the answer. A．way B．page C．question (2)【辨析]alone与lonely的用法辨析: ①alone 是形容词，意为“独自的，单独的”，充当表语;还可作副词，意为“单独地，独自地”，表示客观上一个人，无感情色彩，充当状语。如: e.g.She was alone in that dark room. 她独自一人呆在那黑屋子里。 e.g. He lives alone. 他单独居住。 ②lonely是形容词，意为“孤独的;寂寞的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，作定语时，意为“荒凉;偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。如: e.g.He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.他单独居住，但是他并不感到寂寞。 e.g.There is a lonely house in the country.有一间孤零零的房子在乡下。 【拓展练习】 The old man lives ____A____, but he never feels ________ because his children often visit him. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．lonely, lonely 9、Why has no one communicated with us?为什么还没有人和我们联系?(教材第20页) （1）communicate此处用作不及物动词,意为“联系;交流”。其名词形式为communication,意为“联系;交流”。 e.g.He can't communicate in English. 他无法用英语(与人)交流。 （2）communicate with sb.意为“与某人交流”。 e.g.You should communicate with your parents when you are in trouble. 当遇到困难时，你应该和你的父母交流。 【拓展练习】 Communicating (communicate) with parents regularly can make a big difference to strong family relationships. Peter doesn’t know how to communicate with the monster. （communication） 语法知识 现在完成时（2） 一、当表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分别用 just, already 或 yet 加以强调或说明。 用法区别： （1）just 的用法 just 副词,意为“刚刚”,用于肯定句中,一般在have/has 之后,过去分词之前。 e.g.I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成了我的家庭作业。 Tom has just been to Shanghai. 汤姆刚去过上海。 (2)already的用法 一般用于肯定句中,常与完成时连用。有时already也用于疑问句中,表示惊奇或希望对方给出肯定的答复 e.g.I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了。 Have you done already? 你已经做过了吗? (3)yet的用法 一般用于否定句和疑问句中，常放在否定词之后或句末 e.g.His mother hasn't yet been to Beijing. 他妈妈还没有去过北京。 e.g.Has she gone to school yet? 她已经去学校了吗? 二、 have/has been to, have/has gone to 与have/has been ind 区别 （1）have/has been to意为“到过，去过”,表示曾到过某地,而此时人已不在那儿了 e.g.Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾经去过香港吗? (2)have/has gone to意为“去了”,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那个地方了，而不在说话人处 e.g.Where is Lily? Has she gone to the library? 莉莉在哪儿? 她去图书馆了吗? (3)have/has been in意为“待在”，常和表示持续意义的时间状语连用 e.g.I have been in Harbin for three years. 我已经在哈尔滨待了三年了。 三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果,不能与表示过去的时间状语(如 yesterday, 3 days ago 等)连用,也不能用when提问;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 e.g.I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(了解电影的内容) e.g. I saw the film last week.我上周看了这部电影。(只说明上周看电影这件事,不涉及现在) 【拓展练习】 一、用have been to/have gone to的适当形式填空。 1．Helen loves to talk about travel. She many places. 2．—Where is your father? —He Shanghai on business. 3．Miss Gao isn’t here. She the bus station to meet Mr. Brown. 4．I the Great Wall twice. 5．—This summer I will go to Qingdao. —Oh, it’s wonderful. I there three times. I hope you’ll have a good time. 【答案】1．has been to 2．has gone to 3．has gone to 4．have been to 5．have been 【解析】1．句意：海伦喜欢谈论旅行。她去过很多地方。根据“Helen loves to talk about travel. She...many places.”可知，海伦去过很多地方，现在已经回来了，用have/has been to表示“去过某地”。主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been to。 2．句意：——你爸爸在哪儿了？——他到上海出差去了。根据“Where is your father?”可知，对方爸爸现在人还没回来，用have/has gone to表示“去了某地”，现在还没有回来。主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has gone to。 3．句意：高老师不在这里。她到公共汽车站去接布朗先生了。根据“Miss Gao isn’t here. She...the bus station to meet Mr. Brown.”可知，高老师去接布朗先生，人还没回来，用have/has gone to。主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has gone to。 4．句意：我去过长城两次。根据“twice”可知，此处表示去过长城两次，且已经回来，用have/has been to。 主语是第一人称，助动词用have。故填have been to。 5．句意：——今年夏天我要去青岛。——哦，太棒了。我去过那里三次了。我希望你过得愉快。根据“Oh, it’s wonderful. I...there three times.”可知，此处表示自己过去青岛，且人已回来，空后是地点副词，用have/has been there。主语是I，助动词用have。故填have been。 二、用 “just”, “never”, “yet”, “ever” and “already” 填空。 1．I have called you. 2．I’ve been there before. 3．Have you found him ? 4．Have you been to  England? 5．China has developed a lot. 【答案】1．just 2．never 3．yet 4．ever 5．already 【解析】1．句意：我刚刚打电话给你了。根据“I have ... called you.”及备选词可知，just“刚才，刚刚”，符合句意。故填just。 2．句意：我以前从未去过那里。根据“I’ve ... been there before.”可知，此处指以前从未去过那里，never“从未”，符合句意。故填never。 3．句意：你找到他了吗？根据“Have you found him ...?”是疑问句，且设空处位于句末可知，yet符合句意。故填yet。 4．句意：你曾去过上海吗？根据“Have you ... been to England?”及备选词可知，ever“曾经”，符合句意。故填ever。 5．句意：中国已经发展了很多。根据“China has ... developed a lot”是肯定句可知，already“已经”，符合句意，放在助动词have/has后。故填already。 03 素养提升 第一部分 词汇默写 1、earth n.地球 2、moon n.月亮;月球 3、news n.新闻;消息 4、planet n.行星 5、reach v.到达;抵达 6、yet adv.还，尚(用于表示某事在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生) 7、just adv.刚才;刚刚 8、model n.模型 9、spaceship n.航天器;宇宙飞船 10、project n.计划;工程;项目 11、no problem没问题(用于表示乐于做某人要求做的事) 12、latest adj.最近的;最新的 13、on prep.在(播放)中;关于… 14、discover v.发现;找到 15、astronaut n.宇航员 16、space travel 航天旅行 17、none pron.没有一人;没有一个;一点儿也没有 18、environment n.环境 19、that pron.那，那个(指代已被提及的事物) 20、solar adj. 太阳的;与太阳有关的 21、system n.系统;体系 23、solar system 星系;(尤指)太阳系 24、group n.群;组 25、galaxy n.星系 26、universe n.宇宙 27、 light n.光;光线;光亮 28、impossible adj.(事情)办不到的，不可能的 29、out adv.在远方 30、communicate v.联系;交流 第二部分 拓展练习 一、根据句意及汉语提示，正确拼写单词 1．Jason heard the good (新闻) on the radio this morning. 2．The (地球) goes from the sun. 3．I think it’s very important to (交流) with your parents. 4．There are millions of (太阳系) in the universe. 5．We ate moon cakes as we looked at the (月球，月亮) in the sky last Autumn Festival. 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．The sun and its planets   (call) the solar system. 2．It took them more than two (billion) dollars to build the palace. 3．Scientists are working hard in order to (send) astronauts to Mars one day. 4．It will take her three days (reach) there by ship. 5．There are lots of (planet) in the solar system. 三、单项选择 1．The scientists ________ life on this planet already. A．discovered B．have discovered C．discover D．are discovering 2．Gao Ming comes from a small village _______ Shilihe. A．call B．called C．calling D．to call 3．I’ve never ________ my money. I shouldn’t spend my money in one go. A．thought out B．thought of C．thought about D．thought up 4．Please ________ with your parents and your teachers when you have trouble. A．argue B．agree C．communicate D．walk 5．This is the ________ book that the writer has written. A．late B．later C．latter D．latest 6．—I haven’t finished my homework ________. What about you? —I have ________ done mine. Let me help you. A．yet; already B．already; yet C．yet; yet D．already; already 7．The Greens ________ Shanghai yesterday evening. A．arrived at B．arrived in C．got D．reached at 8．In the English Club, students need to _______ each other in English. It will help them improve their spoken English. A．agree with B．communicate with C．worry about D．think about 9． stop more accidents,we should slow down the driving speed. A．In order that B．In order to C．Thanks for D．Thanks to 10． people watched Shenzhou Ⅸ spacecraft into space successfully in the world. A．Billion B．Billions C．Billion of D．Billions of 四、补全对话 M: Hello, mother! We learned about light in physics classes. It travels very fast. W: 1 M: Oh. It travels at a speed of 300,000 kilometres a second. The sun is about 149,840,000 kilometres away from the earth. Light from the sun reaches us in less than 9 minutes. W: Is the sun farther than the other stars? M: 2 Light from the nearest star except the sun needs about 4 years to reach the earth. W: Wow 3 M: Mmm...It takes hundreds of years for light from the farthest star to reach the earth. W: Oh! 4 I think you can be an astronomer(天文学家) when you grow up. M: Thank you, mother! 5 A．How long does it take for light to reach the farthest star? B．How clever you are! C．How far is it from the earth to the farthest star? D．Do you know how fast it travels? E．I will try my best. F．No, it isn't. 五、阅读理解 A Solar eclipses (日食) and lunar eclipses are fascinating events in space. During a solar eclipse, the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, making the Moon’s shadow (影子) fall on the Earth. If the Moon covers the Sun completely, it is called a total (全) solar eclipse. Sometimes, the Moon does not cover the Sun completely, and we see a ring around the Sun. This is called an annular (环形的) solar eclipse. During a lunar eclipse, the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, leaving its shadow on the Moon. Depending on how much of the Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon, we can have different kinds of lunar eclipses: total, partial, or penumbral (半影月食). To understand when these eclipses happen, we need to know where the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are positioned in space. For example, solar eclipses usually happen when the Moon is closest to the Earth, during the new moon. Lunar eclipses happen during the full moon. Compared to solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are much more often seen on the Earth. In Chinese stories from long ago, people thought dragons caused solar eclipses. They believed that two dragons fought and blew up storms which led to an eclipse. To make the dragons stop fighting and bring back light, people would play loud music and set off fireworks. There is also another story about Tiangou, the dog of a god, trying to eat the Moon during a lunar eclipse. To save the Moon, people would make loud noises like playing the drums and shouting to scare away Tiangou. These old tales show how people explained eclipses before scientists understood them. Now we know the real reasons behind these events, but the stories still remind us of how humans wanted to understand space. 1．What is a solar eclipse according to Paragraph 1? A． B． C． D． 2．Which is NOT true about lunar eclipse? A．There are three kinds of lunar eclipses. B．Lunar eclipses happen during the full moon. C．Lunar eclipses usually happen during the new moon. D．Lunar eclipses are more commonly seen than solar eclipses on the Earth. 3．What does the underlined word “positioned” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．placed B．processed C．fallen D．broken 4．According to Chinese folk stories, what causes a lunar eclipse? A．Two dragons blowing up storms. B．A dog trying to eat the Moon. C．Two dragons fighting with each other. D．A dog running after the Moon. 5．Where can you learn more about eclipses? A．https: //www. science. cn/. B．https: //www. artculture. net/. C．https: //www. sports. com/. D．https: //www. travelagency. org/. B Would you fly off to the red planet? Recently Holland put a plan called “Going to Mars”. They planned to send four astronauts to the Mars in 2023. The astronauts who are chosen will spend their rest life on the Mars. It is said that more than 1000 people have applied for the position, including 450 Chinese. What’s your opinion? Would you like to go there without your family, your friends and stay there for the whole life? Here are the opinions of some students. Students Opinions on the plan “Going to Mars” Hao Xingchen I wouldn’t take it. It is very dangerous to travel by spaceship. I am not ready for that. Also, I have been living on the Earth for more than 14 years. The Earth is like my mother who gives me everything in life. I don’t want to leave her behind. Yu Cong I’ve always been curious about space. If I could travel to Mars, I’d like to be the first to go there. It would be great honor if I could do something helpful for the human beings. Yang Yanwen I think this idea is great! But I wouldn’t do it, because I don’t think our technology is advanced enough yet. If they did this project under such situation, it would be quite dangerous. Maybe I would go if I had been well trained and technology was more highly developed. Liu Jiakun I wouldn’t go to Mars. I’ve heard that the temperature there is freezing at night. The atmosphere (大气层) is very thin and there is very little oxygen (氧气). Even if we can arrive there safely, we may not be able to get used to the environment there. Wei Yi Going to Mars would certainly be very challenging. I want to have a try. In this way I will explore space and come closer to the galaxy (银河系). I heard that there are aliens on Mars. I want to know whether it is true. 1．What is the function (作用) of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the background information of the passage. B．To give a summary of the passage. C．To show the writer’s opinion about the plan. D．To tell readers how to live in Mars. 2．If someone were chosen to be one of the astronauts to Mars, he or she must ________. A．go with his or her family B．live with aliens (外星人) C．stay there for the whole life D．stay there for 14 years 3．Who would like to have a try to go to Mars according to the passage? A．Hao Xingchen and Yu Cong. B．Yu Cong and Wei Yi. C．Yang Yanwen and Liu Jiakun. D．Yang Yanwen and Wei Yi. 4．Which of the following is NOT the reason why the students wouldn’t go to Mars? A．There is too little oxygen. B．There are aliens there. C．Our technology is not advanced enough. D．The atmosphere is very thin there. 5．The passage is probably from ________. A．a website B．a dictionary C．a guidebook D．a storybook 参考答案： 一、 1．news 【详解】句意：杰森今天早上从收音机里听到了这个好消息。根据中文提示，news“新闻”，不可数名词，故填news。 2．earth 【详解】句意：地球远离太阳。根据中文提示可知，earth“地球”作主语，故填earth。 3．communicate 【详解】句意：我认为和你父母沟通是非常重要的。communicate“沟通，交流”，是一个动词，空格前有不定式符号to，后接动词原形，构成不定式结构，在句中作主语，故填communicate。 4．solar systems 【详解】句意：宇宙中有数百万个太阳系。solar“太阳的，和太阳有关的”，形容词作定语；system“系统”，可数名词，根据“millions of”可知，名词要用复数形式。故填solar systems。 5．moon 【详解】句意：在上个中秋节，我们一边看天上的月亮，一遍吃月饼。根据中文提示可知，此处考查名词moon“月亮”。故填moon。 二、 1．are called 【详解】句意：太阳和它的行星被称为太阳系。本题主语“The sun and its planets”与谓语动词“call”是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用被动语态；本题描述客观真理，且主语是复数，因此是一般现在时的被动语态，结构是be done。故填are called。 2．billion 【详解】句意：建造这座宫殿花了他们20多亿美元。billion“十亿”，与基数词连用时，常用单数形式，后跟名词复数，由空前two可知，此处用单数。故填billion。 3．send 【详解】句意：科学家们正在努力工作，以便有一天能把宇航员送上火星。in order to do sth“为了做某事”，to后跟动词原形。故填send。 4．to reach 【详解】句意：乘船到那里将花费她三天时间。it will take some time to do sth.“做某事将花费多长时间”，是固定句型，空格处应用动词不定式to reach。故填to reach。 5．planets 【详解】句意：在太阳系里有许多行星。planet是可数名词，短语lots of表示“许多”，其后接可数名词复数形式。故填填planets。 三、 1．B 【详解】句意：科学家们已经在这个星球上发现了生命。 考查动词时态。根据“already”可知，本句是现在完成时，空处用have discovered。故选B。 2．B 【详解】句意：高明来自一个叫十里河的小村庄。A项为动词原形；B项为过去分词；C项为动名词；D项为动词不定式。分析本题的句子结构可知，是用过去分词做定语，修饰前面的名词，意为“一个叫……的小村庄”。本题的语境是：高明来自一个叫十里河的小村庄。故选B。 3．C 【详解】句意：我从来没有考虑过我的钱。我不应该一下子把钱花光。 考查动词短语。thought out 想出；thought of想出，关心；thought about考虑，思考；thought up想出，想起。根据“I shouldn’t spend my money in one go”可知，此处指花钱时没有多考虑一下。故选C。 4．C 【详解】句意：当你有困难时，请与你的父母和老师沟通。 考查动词辨析。argue争论；agree同意；communicate和……交流，沟通；walk散步。根据“Please...with your parents and your teachers when you have trouble”可知遇到困难应该和父母、老师沟通，故选C。 5．D 【详解】句意：这是这位作家最近写的一本书。 考查形容词最高级。late迟到的；later是late的比较级；latter(刚提及的两者中)后者的；latest最近的。根据the以及“the writer has written”可知，三者以上的比较要用最高级，latest“最近的”符合，故选D。 6．A 【详解】句意：——我还没有完成作业。你呢？——我已经做了我的。让我来帮你。 考查副词辨析。yet表示“还”， 常用于否定句和疑问句，在否定句中，表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生；already表示“已经”，常用于肯定句中。根据“I haven’t…”，可知第一句是否定句，表示“还没有完成”；根据“Let me help you.”，可知回话人“已经完成了”。故选A。 7．B 【详解】句意：格林一家昨天晚上到达了上海。 考查动词和动词短语辨析。arrived at到达（小地方）；arrived in到达（大地方）；got后面接地点时，需要用get to；reached at用法错误，reach表示“到达”时直接加地点。根据“Shanghai”可知，上海是大城市，所以用arrived in。故选B。 8．B 【详解】句意：在英语俱乐部，学生们需要用英语交流。这将帮助他们提高英语口语。A. agree with同意；B. communicating with与…沟通；C. worrying about担心；D. thinking about思考。由in English可知，这是交流的一种方式，因此选择communicating with与…交流；语境是：在英语俱乐部，学生们需要用英语交流。故选B。 9．B 【详解】句意：为了防止更多的事故发生，我们应该放慢驾驶速度。A. In order that 为了，后跟目的状语从句；B. In order to+动词原形，为了；C. Thanks for因...而感谢，后跟名词/代词/或动名词；D. Thanks to幸亏，to为介词，后跟名词/代词/或动名词。stop动词，阻止。故选B。 10．D 【详解】句意：世界上数十亿人观看了神舟飞船成功进入太空。billion名词，十亿；固定搭配billions of，意为“数十亿”，表示约数。故选D。 四、 【分析】本文是妈妈和儿子就物理课上学习的光的知识的对话。 1．根据“It travels very fast.”和“It travels at a speed of 300,000 kilometres a second. ”可知，此句询问光的传播速度。D选项“你知道光传播多快吗”符合情景。故选D。 2．问句“Is the sun farther than the other stars?”是一个一般疑问句，回答应该用Yes或者No开头。F选项“不，它不是”符合情景。故选F。 3．根据“It takes hundreds of years for light from the farthest star to reach the earth.”可知问句询问的是时间，用how long引导的特殊疑问句，A选项“光到达最远的星球需要多长时间”符合情景。故选A。 4．根据“I think you can be an astronomer(天文学家) when you grow up.”可知妈妈认为儿子会成为天文学家，因此是对儿子的肯定和表扬，B选项“你真聪明”符合情景。故选B。 5．根据“Thank you, mother!”可知，儿子对妈妈的表扬表示感谢，E选项“我会尽最大努力”，是表决心，符合情景。故选E。 五、 A 【导语】本文主要讲述了日食和月食。 1．细节理解题。根据“During a solar eclipse, the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, making the Moon’s shadow fall on the Earth.”可知，在日食期间，月亮在地球和太阳之间，使得月亮的影子落在地球上。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Lunar eclipses happen during the full moon.”可知，月食发生在满月期间。选项C“月食通常发生在新月期间。”错误，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“we need to know where the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are positioned in space.”可知，句中表述我们需要知道地球、月球和太阳在太空中的位置。划线部分“positioned”在文中的意思是“天体在空间的位置信息”，因此最接近“placed”的意思。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“There is also another story about Tiangou, the dog of a god, trying to eat the Moon during a lunar eclipse.”可知，句中表述在中国有一个民间故事，天狗试图吃掉月亮导致了月食，故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是关于天文学现象如月食、日食的信息，这种信息能够在“科学”相关的网站找到，故选A。 B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些学生对于火星旅行和生活的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据“Would you fly off to the red planet? Recently...Here are the opinions of some students.”可知，第一段提供了文章的背景信息，引出学生对于火星旅行和生活的看法。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The astronauts who are chosen will spend their rest life on the Mars.”可知，被选中的宇航员将在火星上度过余生。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“If I could travel to Mars, I’d like to be the first to go there.”以及“Going to Mars would certainly be very challenging. I want to have a try.”可知，于聪和魏一都想去火星尝试一下。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“But I wouldn’t do it, because I don’t think our technology is advanced enough yet.”以及“The atmosphere (大气层) is very thin and there is very little oxygen (氧气).”可知，文中提到学生们不想去火星的原因包括氧气少、技术不够先进和大气层薄，没有提到因为有外星人不去火星。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些学生对于火星旅行和生活的看法。故推测本文最可能来自网站。故选A。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$