专题19 定语从句-2025届中考英语语法全面讲解

定语从句全面精讲 目录 定语从句全面精讲 1 一．概述 1 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 2 关系代词专项训练 4 三．关系副词引导的定语从句 5 定语从句专项练习 7 四.定语从句综合训练 8 一．基础训练 8 二．中考真题训练 9 一．概述 什么是定语从句：I like a girl who is beautiful. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 关系词分类 分类 引导词 例句 关系 代词 who, whom, which, that, whose The man who is working there is my brother. This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday. The room whose window is open is mine. 关系 副词 when, where, why I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. This is the school where my mother works. 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom (whom只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She has a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台父母给买的电脑。 whose 定语 人、物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重意见的人。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。 1.关系代词的用法 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如: A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.  　　　　　　　先行词　主语　　谓语　　　　宾语  who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 句意:医生就是照顾人们身体健康的人。 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如: Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆? (2)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在which,whom之前,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 (3)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? All who have seen the film were moved.看过这部电影的人都被感动了。 关系代词专项训练 一、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who 1.This is the man wants to see you. 2.The man you went to see has come. 3.The man I met yesterday lent me some money. 4.Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday. 5.The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 6.The film they are talking about is very interesting. 7.I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited. 1.who/that 2.(who/that) 3.(who/that) 4.(which/that) 5.(which/that) 6.(which/that) 7.(that) 二、翻译句子 1.不努力学习的学生是不会通过考试的。 The students will not pass the exam. 2.这些是我去年在北京照的照片。 These photo are the photos . 1.who don’t study hard 2.which I took in Beijing last year 三．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 相当于 先行词 在从句中的句法功能 when at/in/on/during which 表示时间的词（组） 时间状语 where in/at which 表示地点的词（组） 地点状语 why for which reason 原因状语 when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 (1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如: I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。如: We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 (3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如: That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。 中考对定语从句的考查一般是考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句关系词的选用由先行词决定,因此找对先行词是成功解题的关键。首先若先行词是人,则关系词在who,whom,that,whose中选择。其次,若先行词是物,则关系词在that,which,whose中选择。第三,特殊用法的特殊记,比如先行词是不定代词,关系代词则必须使用that。 Kids, I hope you’ll remember the good old days 　　　 we spent together in junior high though it;s time to say goodbye.  A.who B.what C.which 答案　C 解析 关系代词的选择由先行词来决定。本题中先行词是days,关系词在从句中作宾语,因此选择which。 易混易错 1.只能用which引导的定语从句 (1)在引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that。如: The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(此句中的which不能换成that) 这棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 (2)介词后不能用that。如: We depend on the land from which we get our food.(介词from后不能用that) 我们依靠土地获得食物。 2.判断关系代词与关系副词 用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语,就用关系代词;若谓语动词是及物动词且后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物动词,则要用关系副词。如: I’ll never forget the day when I first met him.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。 The house where I live now was bought five years ago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。 定语从句专项练习 一、填入适合的关系词 1.We often think of the days we spent together in the countryside. 2.We often think of the days we worked together in the countryside. 3.We believe the reason he told us. 4.The reason he was absent yesterday is still unknown. 5.The school I visited is beautiful. 6.The school I studied is beautiful. 1.which/that2.when3. which/that4.why5.which/that6.where 2、 翻译句子 1.这是他爸爸工作的地方。 This is the place . 2.你能告诉我你迟到的原因么。 Can you tell me the reason . 3.我永远都不会忘记我们在高中学习的那段时光。 I will never forget the time . 1.where his father works2.why you are late3.when we study in a high middle school 定语从句综合训练 一．基础训练 A.填空题 1.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.  答案　who　设空处所在句含有定语从句,先行词为“Those”,指代人,故关系代词用“who”。从后一句“Those who choose”也可知答案。 2.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle’s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.  答案　who　句意:“任何听说过西雅图火车的人可能认为这有点好玩。”McKaulay说道。由句子结构可判断出此处引导定语从句,先行词为anyone,故填关系代词who。 3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.  答案　that/which　句意:电影院可能会有一个更光明的未来,如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影经历。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。 4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.  答案　that　句意:在过去的10年里我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说,出现在我眼前的一切都是那么新。本题考查定语从句。由先行词Everything可知关系代词只能使用that。 5.—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.  答案　that/which　句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby(爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that或which。 B、单项选择 1.Not all children　　　watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.  A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 答案　C　句意:并不是所有看过这段视频的孩子都会成为科学家,但有些人可能会对科学产生兴趣。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为children, 指人,且关系词在从句中充当主语,故选C。 2.Anyone who is a server or　　　has been one knows that customers always come first.  A.whom B.what C.who D.which 答案　C　句意:任何一名服务员或做过服务员的都知道顾客总是第一位的。本题考查定语从句。or是并列连词,连接两个定语从句, who is a server是定语从句,先行词是 Anyone,所以or后面的定语从句的先行词也是 Anyone,在从句中作主语,所以答案选C。 3.—Class, you should be thankful to those people 　　　 helped and supported you.  —We will, Miss Chen. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 答案　C　 句意:——同学们,你们应该感谢那些帮助过和支持过你们的人。——我们会的,陈老师。本题考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词为people,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故选择C。 4.She often parks her car near the house　　　she can easily get to.  A.where B.who C.which D.what 答案　C　句意:她经常把车停到她能容易到达的房子附近。本题考查定语从句,which指代物,在从句中作宾语。故选C项。 5.Everyone　　　 has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.  A.why B.whose C.who D.which 答案　C　句意:每个去过上海的人都说它是一个现代化的城市。考查定语从句。先行词everyone表示人,从句中缺少主语,应用who引导定语从句,故选C。 二．中考真题训练 A.选择题 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A．helps you relax B．you can dance C．makes you sad 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我感到很紧张，我该怎么办？——你最好听听能帮助你放松的音乐。 考查定语从句和情景交际。helps you relax帮你放松；you can dance你能跳舞；makes you sad让你伤心。分析句子可知，that后是定语从句，修饰名词music，B项语法上错误，应是you can dance to；结合“I feel so nervous, what should I do?”可知，空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张，所以A项符合语境，故选A。 2．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A．when B．who C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在志愿者工作中的经历。——我也是。这三天是有意义的，充满了乐趣。 考查定语从句。when先行词为时间，在从句中作状语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语；that先行词为人/物。根据“experiences”可知，先行词为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导。故选C。 3．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。 考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which在句中指物。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。 4．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“科目三”是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which，故选B。 5．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选C。 二．填空题 1．[2023郴州改编]Tea is the leaf of a plant ____________ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries. [答案]that/which [解析]考查定语从句。句意：茶是植物的叶子，它在中国、日本及其他国家广泛生长。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a plant，指物，且空处在定语从句中作主语。故填that/which。 2．[2023岳阳改编]Lei Feng is a great person __________ sets a good example to us. [答案]that/who [解析]考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是person，指人，且设空处在定语从句中作主语。故填that/who。 3．[2023株洲改编]Today’s China is a country ____________ keeps to this national character. [答案]that/which [解析]考查定语从句。句意：今天的中国是一个保持这种民族特色的国家。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a country，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 4．[2022邵阳改编]—What kind of music do you like, Linda? —I like music____________ I can dance to. [答案]that/which [解析]考查定语从句。句意:——琳达,你喜欢哪种音乐?——我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词music,且空处在从句中作宾语,故填that/which。 5．[2022郴州改编]—Do you know the woman __________ is giving a lesson in space now? —Of course. She is Wang Yaping. [答案]that/who [解析]考查定语从句。句意:——你知道那位现在正在太空授课的女士是谁吗?——当然,她是王亚平。空处引导定语从句,先行词是woman,指人,且设空处在从句中作主语,故填that/who。 6．[2022株洲改编]Yuan Longping is a great scientist __________ will live in our heart forever. [答案]that/who [解析]考查定语从句。句意:袁隆平是一位永远会活在我们心里的伟大的科学家。空处引导定语从句，先行词是scientist，指人，且空处在从句中作主语，故 填that/who。 7．[2019杭州改编]There is no central heating, but there's a wood-burner and solar panels（太阳能电池板） on the top ____________ can provide power for lighting, music and computing. [答案]which/that [解析]考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句,先行词为solar panels,关系词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which/that。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 定语从句全面精讲 目录 定语从句全面精讲 1 一．概述 1 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 2 关系代词专项训练 4 三．关系副词引导的定语从句 5 定语从句专项练习 7 四.定语从句综合训练 8 一．基础训练 8 二．中考真题训练 9 一．概述 什么是定语从句：I like a girl who is beautiful. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 分类 引导词 例句 关系 代词 who, whom, which, that, whose The man who is working there is my brother. This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday. The room whose window is open is mine. 关系 副词 when, where, why I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. This is the school where my mother works. 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom (whom只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She has a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台父母给买的电脑。 whose 定语 人、物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重意见的人。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。 1.关系代词的用法 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如: A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.  　　　　　　　先行词　主语　　谓语　　　　宾语  who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 句意:医生就是照顾人们身体健康的人。 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如: Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆? (2)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在which,whom之前,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 (3)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? All who have seen the film were moved.看过这部电影的人都被感动了。 关系代词专项训练 一、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who 1.This is the man wants to see you. 2.The man you went to see has come. 3.The man I met yesterday lent me some money. 4.Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday. 5.The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 6.The film they are talking about is very interesting. 7.I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited. 二、翻译句子 1.不努力学习的学生是不会通过考试的。 The students will not pass the exam. 2.这些是我去年在北京照的照片。 These photo are the photos . 三．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 相当于 先行词 在从句中的句法功能 when at/in/on/during which 表示时间的词（组） 时间状语 where in/at which 表示地点的词（组） 地点状语 why for which reason 原因状语 when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 (1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如: I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。如: We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 (3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如: That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。 中考对定语从句的考查一般是考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句关系词的选用由先行词决定,因此找对先行词是成功解题的关键。首先若先行词是人,则关系词在who,whom,that,whose中选择。其次,若先行词是物,则关系词在that,which,whose中选择。第三,特殊用法的特殊记,比如先行词是不定代词,关系代词则必须使用that。 Kids, I hope you’ll remember the good old days 　　　 we spent together in junior high though it;s time to say goodbye.  A.who B.what C.which 易混易错 1.只能用which引导的定语从句 (1)在引导非限制性定语从句时,不能用that。如: The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(此句中的which不能换成that) 这棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 (2)介词后不能用that。如: We depend on the land from which we get our food.(介词from后不能用that) 我们依靠土地获得食物。 2.判断关系代词与关系副词 用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语,就用关系代词;若谓语动词是及物动词且后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物动词,则要用关系副词。如: I’ll never forget the day when I first met him.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。 The house where I live now was bought five years ago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。 定语从句专项练习 一、填入适合的关系词 1.We often think of the days we spent together in the countryside. 2.We often think of the days we worked together in the countryside. 3.We believe the reason he told us. 4.The reason he was absent yesterday is still unknown. 5.The school I visited is beautiful. 6.The school I studied is beautiful. 2、 翻译句子 1.这是他爸爸工作的地方。 This is the place . 2.你能告诉我你迟到的原因么。 Can you tell me the reason . 3.我永远都不会忘记我们在高中学习的那段时光。 I will never forget the time . 定语从句综合训练 一．基础训练 A.填空题 1.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.  2.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle’s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.  3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.  4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.  5.—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.  B、单项选择 1.Not all children　　　watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.  A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 2.Anyone who is a server or　　　has been one knows that customers always come first.  A.whom B.what C.who D.which 3.—Class, you should be thankful to those people 　　　 helped and supported you.  —We will, Miss Chen. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 4.She often parks her car near the house　　　she can easily get to.  A.where B.who C.which D.what 5.Everyone　　　 has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.  A.why B.whose C.who D.which 二．中考真题训练 A.选择题 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A．helps you relax B．you can dance C．makes you sad 2．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A．when B．who C．that 3．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 4．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 5．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 二．填空题 1．[2023郴州改编]Tea is the leaf of a plant ____________ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries. 2．[2023岳阳改编]Lei Feng is a great person __________ sets a good example to us. 3．[2023株洲改编]Today’s China is a country ____________ keeps to this national character. 4．[2022邵阳改编]—What kind of music do you like, Linda? —I like music____________ I can dance to. 5．[2022郴州改编]—Do you know the woman __________ is giving a lesson in space now? —Of course. She is Wang Yaping. 6．[2022株洲改编]Yuan Longping is a great scientist __________ will live in our heart forever. 7．[2019杭州改编]There is no central heating, but there's a wood-burner and solar panels（太阳能电池板） on the top ____________ can provide power for lighting, music and computing. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$