专题12 动词的时态-2025届中考英语语法全面讲解

动词的时态全面精讲 目录 八种时态的具体用法： 2 1.一般现在时 2 一般现在时专项训练 3 2.一般过去时 3 一般现在时和一般过去时专项训练 4 3.现在进行时 4 现在进行时专项训练 5 4.过去进行时 5 易错总结 6 现在进行时和过去进行时专项训练 6 5.一般将来时 7 一般将来时专项训练 8 6.过去将来时 8 一般将来时和过去将来时专项训练 8 7.现在完成时 9 现在完成时专项训练 11 8.过去完成时 11 过去完成时专项训练 11 现在完成时和过去完成时专项训练 12 动词词形变化总结 12 (1)规则动词变化表： 12 (2)不规则动词变化表 13 动词的时态综合训练 14 一．基础训练 14 二．中考试题训练 15 八种时态的具体用法： 1.一般现在时 定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词的变化形式 ①在动词原形后加-s。如:play/plays, like/likes, work/works... ②以s、 x、 o或ch、 sh结尾的动词,在词尾加-es。如:do/does, go/goes, teach/teaches, wash/washes... ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变“y”为“i”再加-es。如:carry/carries, study/studies... ④以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-s。如:stay/stays, play/plays 基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 时间标志：一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays. 如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫) They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) (1)表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) (2)条件状语从句中(以if,unless,as soon as引导)满足“主将从现”，表条件用一般现在时。 如：If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) We will stay at home as soon as it rains tomorrow. 一般现在时专项训练 一．写出下列单词的单数第三人称形式 catch go buy cost carry break lie make miss rush 二．按要求改写句子。 1.Mary does not have any books.(变为肯定句) 2.He often has rice for dinner.(变为一般疑问句) 2.一般过去时 定义： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 构成：did/be(was,were)——动词变过去式 动词过去式的规则变化。 一“直” 一般情况下,在动词原形末尾直接加-ed,如:play/played, look/looked... 二“去” 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉字母e,再加-ed,如:live/lived, use/used... 三“双” 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop/stopped, plan/planned... 四“改” 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先把“y”变为“i”再加-ed,如:study/studied, worry/worried... 基本句型: 句型： did was,were 陈述句 I saw him yesterday. She was a student. 否定句 I didn’t see him yesterday. She wasn’t a student. 疑问句 Did you see him yesterday? Yes, I did./No,I didn’t. Was she a student? Yes,she was./No,she wasn’t. 时间标志：yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等。 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine yesterday.(小汤姆昨天早上九点半把窗子打破了) He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) 一般现在时和一般过去时专项训练 一、填空题 1.Miss Zhang 　　　(订购)a dress online two weeks ago, but it hasn􀆳t arrived yet.  2.England started colonies(殖民地)later. After a few fights, they　　　(take)control of the land.  3.—How come you are late again? —I　　　because my alarm clock didn’t go off.(oversleep)  4.When I 　　　(arrive) at the hotel, it was midnight.  5.—There is someone knocking at the door. —It must be the computer repairman. I 　　　(call)him to come to fix my computer.  6.Don’t worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you 　　　(be) away on business.  7.Grace　　　 (win)this game every time we play.  8.—Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge? —Yes.She　　　 (visit)it two years ago.  3.现在进行时 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 动词现在分词的变化规则。 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/ thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running,swim/swimming,shop/shopping,stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以-ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 如：What are you doing now?(你现在在干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) (1) 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。 如：I’m coming now.(我就来) What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？) He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) 现在进行时专项训练 1.What you (do)? 2.I (sing) an English song. 3.What he (read)? 4.He (fix)a car. 5. you (fly)a kite? Yes, . 4.过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) (1) when和while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。 when: at or during the time时间段或者时间点 when+did or be doing did...when...did while: during the time 时间段 while + be doing did...while...be doing be doing while... be doing 易错总结 while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性 动作(瞬时动词)还是延续性动作,进行时态一般是延续性的，过去式一般是短暂性动作。区别如下： 1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如： He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。 2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如： Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。 3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如： When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如： I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。 现在进行时和过去进行时专项训练 1.Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f　　　 while sales of paper books are rising.  2.Look! The boys are k　　　(踢) the ball around in the yard.  3.Please don’t make so much noise. The baby　　　(sleep)now.  4.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday.  5.—Mum,where is Dad? —He　　　 (plant)flowers in the garden now.  6.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book.  7.—Why did the car hit the boy? —Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time.  5.一般将来时 定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 时间标志：一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等。 (1)用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了) You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) (2)be going to和will之间的区别。 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. 一般将来时专项训练 用 be going to 或者 will 完成句子。 1.I (swim) with my parents. 2.There (be) a big sports hall in our school next year. 3.Jack (have) dinner with Mingming. 4.They (watch) a movie this Sunday. 5.Next year she (be) twenty years old. 6.过去将来时 定义：过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成：would+do/be(was,were) going to do 过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。 时间标志：later, soon, the next (day). 例如：He said that he would finish his work later.他说他会在九点之前完成工作。 (1)表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。 如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了) She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步) (2)过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。 如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞) 一般将来时和过去将来时专项训练 1.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I 　　　 tickets for you tomorrow.  A.will book B.booked C.have booked D.was booking 2.—What is your plan for next weekend, Lingling? —I 　　　 volunteer work in the museum.  A.was doing B.did C.have done D.am going to do 3.We　　　a party for Kate. It’s supposed to be a surprise.  A.were having B.had C.will have D.have had 4.Michael　　　in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.  A.teach B.taught C.will teach D.was teaching 5.Look on the bright side of life, and imagine that you 　　　 a happy and successful future.  A.had B.will have C.have D.have had 6.Just go down this road and you　　　the library next to the bank.  A.see B.saw C.have seen D.will see 7.The weather forecast says that　　　 another storm tomorrow.  A.there will have B.there will be C.there has D.there has been 7.现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy borrow open close begin/start come go finish die catch a cold put on get up wake up fall asleep lose join leave arrive/reach （2）句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; 现在完成时中的时间状语： ★already通常用于肯定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。 例如：We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？ ★yet用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否定句中，表示还(没)。 例如：—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。 ★ever意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。 例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。 ★never意为（曾经）从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 (3)have been to与have gone to的区别： have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里, have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 现在完成时专项训练 1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I been to Macau before. 2.He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问) he come to school? 3.He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) he learned English ? 4.The factory opened ten years ago. (同义句) The factory since ten ago. 8.过去完成时 定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 构成：had+done——动词变过去分词 past past now 时间标志：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。 (1) 过去完成时时间状语有：有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。 如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came. The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) 过去完成时专项训练 1. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned 2.The teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn’t meet them. A. had been away from B. had left C. have been away from D. have left 现在完成时和过去完成时专项训练 一、填空题 1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now.  2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.  3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown.  4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young.  5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014.  二、单项选择 1.Our school life 　　　 a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.  A.changes B.changed C.will change D.has changed 2.My father　　　in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about pandas.  A.was working B.is working C.has worked D.will work 3.—Lucy, is your uncle a teacher? —Yes,he is. He 　　　 history for nearly 20 years.  A.teaches B.has taught C.is teaching D.will teach 动词词形变化总结 (1)规则动词变化表： 规 则变 化 原形动词结尾情况 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词 一般情况 +s +ing +ed s,x,ch,sh,o结尾 +es +ing +ed 辅音字母+y结尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed 重读闭音节一元一辅结尾 +s 双写辅音字母,+ing 双写辅音字母,+ed 不发音的e结尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d ie结尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d 不规则变化 have→has；be→is (无) (见不规则动词变化表) 注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。 ②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz]. desk /k/ desks[s] apples[z] ③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id]. ask /k/ asked[t] joined[d] wanted[id]. (2)不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词) be(am,is) was been lose lost lost be(are) were been make made made beat beat beaten may might 　 become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must 　 bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read can could 　 ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should 　 drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have(has) had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know knew known understand understood understood lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn leave left left will would 　 lend lent lent win won won let let let write wrote witten lie lay lain 　 　 　 动词的时态综合训练 一．基础训练 1.His father 　 　(drop) him off at the school gate and then drove to work.  2.—Why are you still waiting here? —Doctor Li promised to attend the party, but he 　 　(not appear) so far.  3.John 　 　(put) on five kilos since he gave up smoking.  4.The plane 　 　(take) off ten minutes ago.  5.When I saw Mr.Liu on the playground,he 　 　(teach) the boys to play football.  6.I can't remember what my hometown looked like.It 　 　(change) a lot.  7.Mom, I 　 　(finish) my homework.We can go shopping now.  8.Hurry up, please! Everyone 　 　(wait) for you.  9.She 　 　(talk) on the phone when I entered the office.  10.I 　 　(check) this mobile phone online.It is not worth buying.  11.China 　 　(have) three main types of tea: green tea, black tea and oolong tea.  12.—Peter, what are you doing? —Oh, I 　 　(write) a report about national heroes.  13.—Lily, what do you usually do after school? —I usually 　 　(do) exercise with my friends.  14.The Mid-Autumn Festival usually 　 　(come) on August 15th in the lunar calendar (阴历) every year.  15.—The Dragon Boat Festival is coming. What are you going to do that day? —I 　 　(visit) my grandparents in my home village.  16.Mother 　 　(give) me a nice present on my next birthday.  17.George walked into the room and 　 　(turn) on the light.  18.Look! The students 　 　(answer) the questions carefully.  19.If I'm available tomorrow afternoon, I 　 　(visit) the city museum with my brother.  20.Chairman Mao once 　 　(say) that women could hold up half the sky.  二．中考试题训练 中考真题训练 A.选择题 1. （2024·安徽·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A. leave B. have left C. will leave D. was leaving 2. （2024·福建·统考中考真题）When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road. A. helps B. was helping C. will help 3. （2024·福建·统考中考真题）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A. will be taken B. are taking C. were taken 4. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Tom ________ the dog at the moment. A. is walking B. walks C. has walked D. walked 5. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ________ heavy rain this afternoon. —Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him. A. was B. has been C. are D. will be 6. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A. play B. plays C. was playing D. is playing 7. （2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has come to 8. （2024·广西·统考中考真题）Listen! The birds ________ in the tree now. A. sing B. sang C. are singing 9. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）Jenny is an early bird. She ________ at 6:00 in the morning. A. gets up B. got up C. will get up D. has got up 10. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later. A. order B. ordered C. was ordering D. will order 11. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. was studying 12. （2024·黑龙江龙东地区·中考真题）While we ________ an English song, some visitors came into our classroom. A. were singing B. sang C. are singing 13. （2024·黑龙江龙东地区·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in 14. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）He ________ much healthier if he ________ enough exercise in his free time. A. is; take B. will be; takes C. will be; take 15. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. began C. has been on 16. （2024·江苏省连云港市·中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A. spreads B. is spreading C. will spread D. has spread 17. （2024·江苏省扬州市·中考真题）Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand. A. set B. sets C. is setting D. was setting 18.（2024·江苏省扬州市·中考真题） As we all know, the Yangtze River ________ as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known 19. （2024·江西省·中考真题）—Where is Helen? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A. had B. was having C. is having D. will have 20. （2024·江西省·中考真题）—Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ________ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A came B. were coming C. will come D. have come 21. （2024·四川成都·统考中考真题）The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ________ in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year. A. will work B. have worked C. is working 22. （2024·四川达州市·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to Beijing. A. has been B. has to go C. has gone 23. （2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. —The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ______ one day in the future. A. was solved B. solves C. will be solved 24.（2024·四川凉山·中考真题） —Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip. A. been to B. gone to C. been in 25. （2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—Hello, may I speak to Jenny, please? —Wait a minute, please. She ________ in the kitchen now. A. cooked B. is cooking C. will cook B.词汇运用 1.(2023苏州)The whole town is c　　　 the opening of the new bridge with a huge party.  2.(2023苏州)To get everybody in the discussion， Miss Su has d　　　 our class into six groups.  3.(2023扬州)Chinese Language Day 　　　　on April 20th every year， the same day as Guyu.(fall)   4.(2023扬州)It seems that families are 　　　　more and more time together.(spend)  5.(2022连云港)Five minutes ago， Linda 　　　　　(锁) the door and left with her mum.  6.(2022苏州)His parents hope he can follow his heart when he 　　　　　　(选择) his job.  7.(2022镇江)Hobo has just moved here and this is the third time he has 　　　　　(迷失)his way.  8.(2021泰州)Look! The children 　　　　　(circle) a robot， talking about science development.  中考模拟训练 A.单句填空 1．[2024衡阳三模]The show’s slow pace and ordinary style __________（win） people’s hearts since it came out. 2．[2024常德模拟改编]The boy asked how much the watermelons were per kg. John ______（shake） his head and had to go back to ask. 3．[2024 长沙雅礼一模]Many young dancers enjoy learning and sharing short dance videos on Douyin to document their growth. Inspired by this, Tongtong _________（learn） to upload dance videos on Douyin since last November. 4．[2024娄底二模]In 1994, she went on a vacation to the Bahamas and ____（fall） in love with both diving and the island. 5．[2024长沙模拟]More than one billion people are __________（watch） the Spring Festival Gala. 6．[2024张家界模拟]The situation ________（be） even worse in a few years unless factories stop polluting the water. 7．[2024衡阳模拟]Since ancient times, it __________（be） a great place for moon watchers during the Mid-Autumn Festival. 8．[2024长沙模拟]It means red or rosy clouds in English and ________（stand） for youth and strength（力量）. 9．[2023常德模拟]—Look! What are the boys doing? —They ______________（play） basketball. 10．[2023永州模拟]A journey of a thousand li ________（begin） with a single step. 11．[2023永州模拟]Last week my sister ________（fail） her cooking exam because she burnt something. 12．[2023邵阳改编]—Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Liu? —Sorry, he ______________（go） Changsha. 13．[2023永州模拟改编]My parents and I ________（visit） Yangmingshan Mountain last winter. 14．[2023怀化模拟改编]Look! Our Chinese teacher ____________（give） a talk in the meeting room. 15．[2023常德模拟改编]He pulled so hard that the rope on the bucket ______（break） and he fell on his back. 16．[2023株洲模拟改编]When my friend called me yesterday, I ___________（help） my mom in the kitchen. C.时态填空 A [2024湖南联考改编]Have you heard of the Chinese Poetry Conference? It is a kind of TV show held on CCTV. And if you have ever watched the show, you must know the man called Peng Min. Peng 1.  （be） interested in Chinese poetry ever since he was a little boy. The man usually 2.  （say） he can recite more than 1,000 Chinese poems. But his success at the Chinese Poetry Conference didn’t come easily. Peng has taken part in the show many times. During his previous（以前的） appearances, he 3.  （make ） many silly mistakes. He failed twice. But his love for poetry didn’t die. This year, he was back. “Even if I lose again, at least I’ve tried. But if I’m afraid of trying, I 4.  （be） more of a loser,” Peng said. Finally, he became the winner in the fifth season. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 动词的时态全面精讲 目录 八种时态的具体用法： 2 1.一般现在时 2 一般现在时专项训练 3 2.一般过去时 3 一般现在时和一般过去时专项训练 4 3.现在进行时 4 现在进行时专项训练 5 4.过去进行时 5 易错总结 6 现在进行时和过去进行时专项训练 6 5.一般将来时 7 一般将来时专项训练 8 6.过去将来时 8 一般将来时和过去将来时专项训练 8 7.现在完成时 9 现在完成时专项训练 11 8.过去完成时 11 过去完成时专项训练 11 现在完成时和过去完成时专项训练 12 动词词形变化总结 12 (1)规则动词变化表： 12 (2)不规则动词变化表 13 动词的时态综合训练 14 一．基础训练 14 二．中考试题训练 15 八种时态的具体用法： 1.一般现在时 定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词的变化形式 ①在动词原形后加-s。如:play/plays, like/likes, work/works... ②以s、 x、 o或ch、 sh结尾的动词,在词尾加-es。如:do/does, go/goes, teach/teaches, wash/washes... ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变“y”为“i”再加-es。如:carry/carries, study/studies... ④以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-s。如:stay/stays, play/plays 基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 时间标志：一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays. 如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫) They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) (1)表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) (2)条件状语从句中(以if,unless,as soon as引导)满足“主将从现”，表条件用一般现在时。 如：If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) We will stay at home as soon as it rains tomorrow. 一般现在时专项训练 一．写出下列单词的单数第三人称形式 catch catches go goes buy buys cost costs carry carries break breaks lie lies make makes miss misses rush rushes 二．按要求改写句子。 1.Mary does not have any books.(变为肯定句) Mary has some books. 2.He often has rice for dinner.(变为一般疑问句) Does he often have rice for dinner? 2.一般过去时 定义： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 构成：did/be(was,were)——动词变过去式 动词过去式的规则变化。 一“直” 一般情况下,在动词原形末尾直接加-ed,如:play/played, look/looked... 二“去” 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉字母e,再加-ed,如:live/lived, use/used... 三“双” 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop/stopped, plan/planned... 四“改” 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先把“y”变为“i”再加-ed,如:study/studied, worry/worried... 基本句型: 句型： did was,were 陈述句 I saw him yesterday. She was a student. 否定句 I didn’t see him yesterday. She wasn’t a student. 疑问句 Did you see him yesterday? Yes, I did./No,I didn’t. Was she a student? Yes,she was./No,she wasn’t. 时间标志：yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等。 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine yesterday.(小汤姆昨天早上九点半把窗子打破了) He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) 一般现在时和一般过去时专项训练 一、填空题 1.Miss Zhang 　　　(订购)a dress online two weeks ago, but it hasn􀆳t arrived yet.  答案　ordered 　句意:张小姐两周前在网上订购了一件连衣裙,但是它还没有到货。根据two weeks ago可知,应用动词过去式,故填ordered。 2.England started colonies(殖民地)later. After a few fights, they　　　(take)control of the land.  答案　took　句意:经过几次战斗,他们控制了这块土地。根据语境可知需用动词过去式。take的过去式为took。 3.—How come you are late again? —I　　　because my alarm clock didn’t go off.(oversleep)  答案　overslept　根据句意“因为闹钟没响而睡过头”可知用一般过去时。 4.When I 　　　(arrive) at the hotel, it was midnight.  答案　arrived　句意:当我到达那家宾馆时,是午夜了。本题考查动词的时态。由it was midnight可知描述的是过去的事情,故此处应填动词arrive的过去式arrived。 5.—There is someone knocking at the door. —It must be the computer repairman. I 　　　(call)him to come to fix my computer.  答案　called　句意:——有人在敲门。——一定是修电脑的。我刚才给他打电话,让他来修我的电脑。本题考查动词的时态。根据句意可知应使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情。 6.Don’t worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you 　　　(be) away on business.  答案　are　句意:别担心。在你出差的时候,Bill会帮你照顾你的狗。本题考查状语从句的时态。在含时间状语从句的复合句中,当主句时态为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 7.Grace　　　 (win)this game every time we play.  答案　wins　句意:每次我们玩这个游戏Grace都赢。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的every time we play可知此空用一般现在时,主语Grace是第三人称单数,因此谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。 8.—Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge? —Yes.She　　　 (visit)it two years ago.  答案　visited　句意:——玛丽曾经参观过伦敦塔桥吗?——是的。她是两年前参观的。本题考查动词时态。由答语中的时间状语two years ago可知,应用一般过去时。 3.现在进行时 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 动词现在分词的变化规则。 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/ thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running,swim/swimming,shop/shopping,stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以-ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 如：What are you doing now?(你现在在干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) (1) 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。 如：I’m coming now.(我就来) What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？) He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) 现在进行时专项训练 1.What are you doing (do)? 2.I am singing (sing) an English song. 3.What is he reading (read)? 4.He is fixing (fix)a car. 5. Are you flying (fly)a kite? Yes, I am . 4.过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) (1) when和while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。 when: at or during the time时间段或者时间点 when+did or be doing did.... when ...be doing did...when...did be doing when ...did while: during the time 时间段 while + be doing did...while...be doing be doing while... be doing 易错总结 while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性 动作(瞬时动词)还是延续性动作,进行时态一般是延续性的，过去式一般是短暂性动作。区别如下： 1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如： He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。 2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如： Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。 3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如： When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如： I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。 现在进行时和过去进行时专项训练 1.Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f　　　 while sales of paper books are rising.  答案　falling　此处表示“电子书的销售量正在下降”。be+doing为现在进行时。 2.Look! The boys are k　　　(踢) the ball around in the yard.  答案　kicking　根据提示可知要填动词。因为有“Look!” 故用现在进行时;are 后面用动词的现在分词形式。 3.Please don’t make so much noise. The baby　　　(sleep)now.  答案　is sleeping　句意:请不要这么吵闹。婴儿正在睡觉。本题考查时态。根据时间状语now,可知用现在进行时。 4.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday.  答案　was cooking　句意:昨天我到家的时候,妈妈正在做饭。本题考查动词的时态。从句when I got home yesterday为过去时,所以主句应用过去进行时。 5.—Mum,where is Dad? —He　　　 (plant)flowers in the garden now.  答案　is planting　本题考查动词的时态。根据答语中的时间状语now,以及问句中“爸爸在哪儿”可知,要用现在进行时。 6.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book.  答案　was sitting　句意:我在公园里看到了Jeff。他正坐在草地上读书。本题考查动词的时态。根据前句的时态可知本空应用过去的某种时态,再根据and reading可知此空应用过去进行时。 7.—Why did the car hit the boy? —Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time.  答案　was talking　句意:——为什么这辆车撞到这个男孩了?——因为司机那个时候正在打电话。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和关键词at that time可知,设空处应使用过去进行时。 5.一般将来时 定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 时间标志：一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等。 (1)用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了) You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) (2)be going to和will之间的区别。 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. 一般将来时专项训练 用 be going to 或者 will 完成句子。 1.I am going to swim (swim) with my parents. 2.There will be (be) a big sports hall in our school next year. 3.Jack is going to have (have) dinner with Mingming. 4.They are going to watch (watch) a movie this Sunday. 5.Next year she will be (be) twenty years old. 6.过去将来时 定义：过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成：would+do/be(was,were) going to do 过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。 时间标志：later, soon, the next (day). 例如：He said that he would finish his work later.他说他会在九点之前完成工作。 (1)表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。 如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了) She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步) (2)过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。 如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞) 一般将来时和过去将来时专项训练 1.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I 　　　 tickets for you tomorrow.  A.will book B.booked C.have booked D.was booking 答案　A　句意:如果你想参观北京故宫博物院,我明天就给你订票。此题考查一般将来时。含条件状语从句的主从复合句遵循“主将从现”的原则,此处是主句谓语,所以要用一般将来时,因此选A。 2.—What is your plan for next weekend, Lingling? —I 　　　 volunteer work in the museum.  A.was doing B.did C.have done D.am going to do 答案　D　句意:——玲玲,你下周末的计划是什么?——我打算去博物馆做志愿工作。本题考查动词的时态。由第一句中next weekend可知本空应用一般将来时,表示计划或打算,故本题答案为D。 3.We　　　a party for Kate. It’s supposed to be a surprise.  A.were having B.had C.will have D.have had 答案　C　句意:我们将为凯特举办一个聚会。它应该是个惊喜。本题考查动词时态。A项为过去进行时;B项为一般过去时;C项为一般将来时;D项为现在完成时。根据后句It􀆳s supposed to be a surprise.可知聚会还没举办,故用一般将来时态。be supposed to应该,被期望,理应。 4.Michael　　　in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.  A.teach B.taught C.will teach D.was teaching 答案　C　句意:Michael将从明年二月到六月在云南一所学校教书。本题考查动词的一般将来时态。根据next year可知此句时态为一般将来时,故选C。 5.Look on the bright side of life, and imagine that you 　　　 a happy and successful future.  A.had B.will have C.have D.have had 答案　B　句意:往好的方面想,想象你会拥有一个幸福成功的未来。本题考查一般将来时的用法。由imagine和future可知,本题答案为B。 6.Just go down this road and you　　　the library next to the bank.  A.see B.saw C.have seen D.will see 答案　D　句意:沿着这条路走,你将看到挨着银行有一个图书馆。本题考查动词时态。根据句意可知选D。 7.The weather forecast says that　　　 another storm tomorrow.  A.there will have B.there will be C.there has D.there has been 答案　B　句意:天气预报说明天还有一场暴风雨。there be句型中be动词不能改变,根据句意可知答案为B项。 7.现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close Be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear get up be up wake up awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be （2）句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; 现在完成时中的时间状语： ★already通常用于肯定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。 例如：We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？ ★yet用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否定句中，表示还(没)。 例如：—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。 ★ever意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。 例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。 ★never意为（曾经）从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 (3)have been to与have gone to的区别： have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里, have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 现在完成时专项训练 1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I have not been to Macau before. 2.He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问) Why hasn’t he come to school? 3.He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) How long has he learned English ? 4.The factory opened ten years ago. (同义句) The factory has opened since ten ago. 8.过去完成时 定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 构成：had+done——动词变过去分词 past past now 时间标志：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。 (1) 过去完成时时间状语有：有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。 如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came. The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) 过去完成时专项训练 1. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned 2.The teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn’t meet them. A. had been away from B. had left C. have been away from D. have left BA 现在完成时和过去完成时专项训练 一、填空题 1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now.  答案　has given　根据后面一句提到“我现在很饱了”可知,已经有人给过她食物了,所以用现在完成时,故填has given。 2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.  答案　increased 　句意:听到这些你可能会吃惊。在过去的五年中,伦敦露宿街头的人的数量已经翻倍,而近两年,英国其他地方的数量增长了30%。根据句意及首字母可知填increased。注意要用过去分词和has构成现在完成时。 3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown.  答案　has studied　句意:她自从离开家乡就在这所学校学习英语。时态为现在完成时。 4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young.  答案　has been　句意:我妈妈从我小的时候就给我树立了好的榜样。本题考查动词时态。由题干中的since I was young可知主句应用现在完成时,结构为have/has done。 5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014.  答案　haven’t seen　句意:再次见到你很高兴。自从2014年我们就没见到过。本题考查时态。通过时间状语since 2014可知,应该是现在完成时。 二、单项选择 1.Our school life 　　　 a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.  A.changes B.changed C.will change D.has changed 答案　D　句意:我们的校园生活从2017年开始变化很大。我们现在有更多的活动。此题考查现在完成时的用法。根据时间状语since 2017可知应用现在完成时,因此选D。 2.My father　　　in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about pandas.  A.was working B.is working C.has worked D.will work 答案　C　句意:我爸爸在一个熊猫保护中心工作10年了,因此他对熊猫很了解。本题考查动词的时态。根据前一分句中的时间状语for 10 years及句意可知应该用现在完成时态,故选C。 3.—Lucy, is your uncle a teacher? —Yes,he is. He 　　　 history for nearly 20 years.  A.teaches B.has taught C.is teaching D.will teach 答案　B　句意:——Lucy,你的叔叔是一位老师吗?——是的,他是(一位老师)。他教历史已经有将近二十年了。此题考查现在完成时态的用法。现在完成时态的具体意义:动作从过去的某一时刻开始延续到现在,并且对现在产生了影响。Lucy的叔叔成为一位老师从将近20年前就开始了,而且延续到现在。故选B。 动词词形变化总结 (1)规则动词变化表： 规 则变 化 原形动词结尾情况 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词 一般情况 +s +ing +ed s,x,ch,sh,o结尾 +es +ing +ed 辅音字母+y结尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed 重读闭音节一元一辅结尾 +s 双写辅音字母,+ing 双写辅音字母,+ed 不发音的e结尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d ie结尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d 不规则变化 have→has；be→is (无) (见不规则动词变化表) 注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。 ②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz]. desk /k/ desks[s] apples[z] ③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id]. ask /k/ asked[t] joined[d] wanted[id]. (2)不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词) be(am,is) was been lose lost lost be(are) were been make made made beat beat beaten may might 　 become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must 　 bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read can could 　 ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should 　 drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have(has) had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know knew known understand understood understood lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn leave left left will would 　 lend lent lent win won won let let let write wrote witten lie lay lain 　 　 　 动词的时态综合训练 一．基础训练 1.His father 　 　(drop) him off at the school gate and then drove to work.  2.—Why are you still waiting here? —Doctor Li promised to attend the party, but he 　 　(not appear) so far.  3.John 　 　(put) on five kilos since he gave up smoking.  4.The plane 　 　(take) off ten minutes ago.  5.When I saw Mr.Liu on the playground,he 　 　(teach) the boys to play football.  6.I can't remember what my hometown looked like.It 　 　(change) a lot.  7.Mom, I 　 　(finish) my homework.We can go shopping now.  8.Hurry up, please! Everyone 　 　(wait) for you.  9.She 　 　(talk) on the phone when I entered the office.  10.I 　 　(check) this mobile phone online.It is not worth buying.  11.China 　 　(have) three main types of tea: green tea, black tea and oolong tea.  12.—Peter, what are you doing? —Oh, I 　 　(write) a report about national heroes.  13.—Lily, what do you usually do after school? —I usually 　 　(do) exercise with my friends.  14.The Mid-Autumn Festival usually 　 　(come) on August 15th in the lunar calendar (阴历) every year.  15.—The Dragon Boat Festival is coming. What are you going to do that day? —I 　 　(visit) my grandparents in my home village.  16.Mother 　 　(give) me a nice present on my next birthday.  17.George walked into the room and 　 　(turn) on the light.  18.Look! The students 　 　(answer) the questions carefully.  19.If I'm available tomorrow afternoon, I 　 　(visit) the city museum with my brother.  20.Chairman Mao once 　 　(say) that women could hold up half the sky.  1.dropped　2.hasn't appeared 　3.has put 　4.took　5.was teaching　6.has changed 7.have finished 　8.is waiting　9.was talking　10.have checked　11.has　12.am writing　13.do　14.comes　15.am going to visit　16.will/is going to give　17.turned　18.are answering　19.will visit　20.said 二．中考试题训练 中考真题训练 A.选择题 1. （2024·安徽·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A. leave B. have left C. will leave D. was leaving 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——对不起，我可以用一下你的字典吗？我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，字典落下了，所以借用对方的，强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 2. （2024·福建·统考中考真题）When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road. A. helps B. was helping C. will help 【答案】B 【解析】句意：昨天我看见小王时，他正帮助一位老人过马路。 考查过去进行时。根据“When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ... an old man cross the road.”可知，强调在过去某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。 3. （2024·福建·统考中考真题）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A. will be taken B. are taking C. were taken 【答案】C 【解析】句意：照片很漂亮。我想知道它们被带到哪里去了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 4. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Tom ________ the dog at the moment. A. is walking B. walks C. has walked D. walked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：汤姆此刻正在遛狗。 考查现在进行时。根据“at the moment”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时。故选A。 5. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ________ heavy rain this afternoon. —Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him. A. was B. has been C. are D. will be 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——哦，不！你哥哥把伞忘在家里了。今天下午会有大雨。——别担心，妈妈。我会拿给他的。考查动词时态。根据“this afternoon”可知是一般将来时，故选D。 6. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A. play B. plays C. was playing D. is playing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：琳达更喜欢能演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。 考查动词时态。根据“Linda prefers musicians who…”可知，时态为一般现在时；关系代词who代替先行词musicians，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应使用动词原形。故选A。 7. （2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has come to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：格林先生在中国已经五年了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过，是短暂性动词；has gone to去了，是短暂性动词；has been in在，是延续性动词；has come to已经来到，是短暂性动词。此处与“for five years”连用，故用延续性动词或者表示延续性状态的短语，故选C。 8. （2024·广西·统考中考真题）Listen! The birds ________ in the tree now. A. sing B. sang C. are singing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 考查动词时态。根据“Listen!”可知，时态是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are doing。故选C。 9. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）Jenny is an early bird. She ________ at 6:00 in the morning. A. gets up B. got up C. will get up D. has got up 【答案】A 【解析】句意：珍妮是个早起人。她早上6点起床。 考查时态。根据“She ... at 6:00 in the morning.”可知，强调经常性动作，用一般现在时，故选A。 10. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later. A. order B. ordered C. was ordering D. will order 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我在等一个朋友。恐怕我要晚点点餐。 考查时态。根据“I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ... later.”可知，在等朋友，所以要晚点点餐，用一般将来时will do，故选D。 11. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. was studying 【答案】C 【解析】句意：Alex自从2010年来到中国开始研究茶文化。 考查现在完成时。根据“Alex ... tea culture since he came to China in 2010.”可知，强调时间的延续，是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，此处用现在完成时have/has done，故选C。 12. （2024·黑龙江龙东地区·中考真题）While we ________ an English song, some visitors came into our classroom. A. were singing B. sang C. are singing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当我们唱英语歌的时候，一些参观者走进了我们的教室。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处是含while引导的状语从句的复合句。参观者进入教室时，我们正在唱歌，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时“was/were+动词现在分词”。故选A。 13. （2024·黑龙江龙东地区·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——露西，王先生在哪里？——他去北京参加会议了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地，还没回来；has been to去了某地，已经回来；has been in待在某地。分析句子可知，对话发生时王先生不在，可知他去北京还未回来，应用has gone to。故选A。 14. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）He ________ much healthier if he ________ enough exercise in his free time. A. is; take B. will be; takes C. will be; take 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果他空闲时间做足够的锻炼，他会更健康。 考查时态。此句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。从句主语是he，动词用三单。故选B。 15. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. began C. has been on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：快点！电影已经开始十分钟了。 考查时态。根据“for ten minutes”可知电影已经开始十分钟了，用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词。begin是非延续性动词，延续性动词是be on。故选C。 16. （2024·江苏省连云港市·中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A. spreads B. is spreading C. will spread D. has spread 【答案】D 【解析】句意：太极拳作为中国传统武术，迄今已传播到世界150多个国家。 考查动词时态。根据“so far”可知，时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。 17. （2024·江苏省扬州市·中考真题）Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand. A. set B. sets C. is setting D. was setting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：看！我姐姐正在摆桌子。让我们帮她一把。 考查动词时态。根据“Look”可知，姐姐正在摆桌子，动作正在发生，应为现在进行时。故选C。 18.（2024·江苏省扬州市·中考真题） As we all know, the Yangtze River ________ as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known 【答案】C 【解析】句意：众所周知，长江被誉为中华民族的“母亲河”。 考查动词时态。长江是中华民族的“母亲河”，本句阐述事实，应为一般现在时。be known as“被称为，被认为是”，固定短语。故选C。 19. （2024·江西省·中考真题）—Where is Helen? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A. had B. was having C. is having D. will have 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——海伦在哪里？——我不确定。也许她正在上棒球课。 考查现在进行时。根据“Where is Helen?”和“Maybe she ... her baseball lesson.”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选C。 20. （2024·江西省·中考真题）—Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ________ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A came B. were coming C. will come D. have come 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——哦，嗨，我想买双鞋。——嗯，你来对地方了。我们店里有很多鞋子。 考查现在完成时。根据“Well, you ... to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop.”可知，强调来对地方对现在有影响——能买到想要的鞋子，所以用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。 21. （2024·四川成都·统考中考真题）The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ________ in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year. A. will work B. have worked C. is working 【答案】B 【解析】句意：神舟十八号航天员自今年4月发射升空以来，已在天宫空间站工作了约两个月。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处是含since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句时态用一般过去时，主句时态应用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 22. （2024·四川达州市·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to Beijing. A. has been B. has to go C. has gone 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我可以和王红通话吗？——对不起，她不在家。她去北京了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过某地，已经回来；has to go to不得不去；has gone to去了某地，还未回来。根据“she is not at home”可知，王红不在家，即她去了北京，还未回来，应用has gone to。故选C。 23. （2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. —The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ______ one day in the future. A. was solved B. solves C. will be solved 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这些年来，乐山的污染越来越少。——政府在这方面做了很大的努力。我相信这个问题未来总有一天会得到解决。 考查动词时态。此处主语“this problem”与“解决”之间应是被动关系，且结合“in the future”可知是指未来，因此此处需用一般将来时的被动语态，形式为will be done。故选C。 24.（2024·四川凉山·中考真题） —Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip. A. been to B. gone to C. been in 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你去过长城吗？——是的，我去过。我上次学校旅行时去了那里。 考查现在完成时。have been to去过某地，已经回来；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；have been in待在某地。根据“I went there on our last school trip.”可知，“我”去过长城，且已经回来了，应用have been to。故选A。 25. （2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—Hello, may I speak to Jenny, please? —Wait a minute, please. She ________ in the kitchen now. A. cooked B. is cooking C. will cook 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你好，我可以和詹妮说话吗？——请等一下。她现在正在厨房做饭。 考查时态。根据“Wait a minute, please. She ... in the kitchen now.”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选B。 B.词汇运用 1.(2023苏州)The whole town is c　　　 the opening of the new bridge with a huge party.  答案　celebrating　考查现在进行时。根据后文中的party可知动词是庆祝celebrate，根据前文is可知，此处是现在进行时，注意要去掉celebrate结尾不发音的e再加⁃ing，故填celebrating。 2.(2023苏州)To get everybody in the discussion， Miss Su has d　　　 our class into six groups.  答案　divided　考查现在完成时。根据空前的“为了让每个人都参与讨论”和空后的six groups可知，老师进行了分组，divide...into...“将……分成……”，为固定搭配，空前的has表示此处需要使用现在完成时，故填divided。 3.(2023扬州)Chinese Language Day 　　　　on April 20th every year， the same day as Guyu.(fall)   答案　falls　考查一般现在时。根据本句中的时间状语on April 20th every year可知，谓语动词用一般现在时，主语Chinese Language Day 为第三人称单数，故填falls。 4.(2023扬州)It seems that families are 　　　　more and more time together.(spend)  答案　spending　考查现在进行时。根据语境可知，spend与其主语families为主动关系，结合空前的are可知句子只能为现在进行时，设空处应填spend的⁃ing形式，故填spending。 5.(2022连云港)Five minutes ago， Linda 　　　　　(锁) the door and left with her mum.  答案　locked　考查一般过去时。根据前面的时间状语Five minutes ago可知动词用过去式。 6.(2022苏州)His parents hope he can follow his heart when he 　　　　　　(选择) his job.  答案　chooses/picks　考查一般现在时。“选择”用choose/pick 来表示，设空处作时间状语从句的谓语，由主句谓语动词hope可知，此处也应用一般现在时，时间状语从句主语he为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故答案为 chooses/picks。 7.(2022镇江)Hobo has just moved here and this is the third time he has 　　　　　(迷失)his way.  答案　lost　考查现在完成时。根据中文提示可知，此处填lose的适当形式;根据空前的has可知，要填lose的过去分词形式lost。 8.(2021泰州)Look! The children 　　　　　(circle) a robot， talking about science development.  答案　are circling　考查现在进行时。根据“Look!”可知，此句用现在进行时，空格处填are circling。指孩子们正围着一个机器人。 中考模拟训练 A.单句填空 1．[2024衡阳三模]The show’s slow pace and ordinary style __________（win） people’s hearts since it came out. [答案]have won [解析]考查现在完成时。句意：这个节目的慢节奏和普通风格自播出以来就赢得了人们的心。由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句用现在完成时，主语是复数，故填have won。 2．[2024常德模拟改编]The boy asked how much the watermelons were per kg. John ______（shake） his head and had to go back to ask. [答案]shook [解析]考查一般过去时。此处表示约翰摇了摇头，并且需要回去询问。根据had to go back to ask可知这里是一般过去时，动词要用过去式，故填shook。 3．[2024 长沙雅礼一模]Many young dancers enjoy learning and sharing short dance videos on Douyin to document their growth. Inspired by this, Tongtong _________（learn） to upload dance videos on Douyin since last November. [答案]has learned/has learnt [解析]考查现在完成时。此处表示受此启发，从去年11月开始童童已经学会了在抖音上传舞蹈视频。根据时间状语“since last November”可知,此处应是现在完成时,故填has learned/has learnt。 4．[2024娄底二模]In 1994, she went on a vacation to the Bahamas and ____（fall） in love with both diving and the island. [答案]fell [解析]考查一般过去时。句意：1994年，她去巴哈马度假，爱上了潜水和这座岛屿。根据In 1994和went可知，此处时态为一般过去时，故填fell。 5．[2024长沙模拟]More than one billion people are __________（watch） the Spring Festival Gala. [答案]watching [解析]考查现在进行时。句意：有超过十亿人正在观看春节联欢晚会。根据空前的are可知，此句为现在进行时。故填watching。 6．[2024张家界模拟]The situation ________（be） even worse in a few years unless factories stop polluting the water. [答案]will be [解析]考查一般将来时。根据in a few years，可知是指几年后。时态是一般将来时，故填will be。 7．[2024衡阳模拟]Since ancient times, it __________（be） a great place for moon watchers during the Mid-Autumn Festival. [答案]has been [解析]考查现在完成时。句意：自古以来，中秋节时，它就是赏月者的好去处。根据Since ancient times可知，用现在完成时。主语为it，助动词用has。故填has been。 8．[2024长沙模拟]It means red or rosy clouds in English and ________（stand） for youth and strength（力量）. [答案]stands [解析]考查一般现在时。句意：它在英语中的意思是红色或玫瑰色的云彩，代表着青春和力量。根据“It means red or rosy clouds in English”可知，这里为一般现在时。主语It为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填stands。 9．[2023常德模拟]—Look! What are the boys doing? —They ______________（play） basketball. [答案]are playing [解析]考查现在进行时。问句为现在进行时，故答句也应该是现在进行时；答句主语为复数，故填are playing。 10．[2023永州模拟]A journey of a thousand li ________（begin） with a single step. [答案]begins [解析]考查一般现在时。句意:千里之行，始于足下。这句话是客观事实，用一般现在时。故答案为begins。 11．[2023永州模拟]Last week my sister ________（fail） her cooking exam because she burnt something. [答案]failed [解析]考查一般过去时。句意:上周我姐姐的烹饪考试不及格，因为她烧糊了东西。根据时间状语Last week可知，应用一般过去时。故答案为failed。 12．[2023邵阳改编]—Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Liu? —Sorry, he ______________（go） Changsha. [答案]has gone to [解析]考查现在完成时。根据语境可知应用现在完成时;这里表示刘先生去了长沙还没有回来，故填has gone to。 13．[2023永州模拟改编]My parents and I ________（visit） Yangmingshan Mountain last winter. [答案]visited [解析]考查一般过去时。句意:去年冬天，我的父母和我参观了阳明山。根据时间状语last winter可知，应用一般过去时。故答案为visited。 14．[2023怀化模拟改编]Look! Our Chinese teacher ____________（give） a talk in the meeting room. [答案]is giving [解析]考查现在进行时。句意:看!我们的语文老师正在会议室做报告。 根据“Look!”可知,应用现在进行时,故填is giving。 15．[2023常德模拟改编]He pulled so hard that the rope on the bucket ______（break） and he fell on his back. [答案]broke [解析]考查一般过去时。由空后的“and he fell”可知，此动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，设空处应填动词的过去式。故填broke。 16．[2023株洲模拟改编]When my friend called me yesterday, I ___________（help） my mom in the kitchen. [答案]was helping [解析]考查过去进行时。句意:我的朋友昨天给我打电话的时候，我正在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语从句“When my friend called me yesterday”以及语境可知，主句应用过去进行时，故填was helping。 C.时态填空 A [2024湖南联考改编]Have you heard of the Chinese Poetry Conference? It is a kind of TV show held on CCTV. And if you have ever watched the show, you must know the man called Peng Min. Peng 1.  （be） interested in Chinese poetry ever since he was a little boy. The man usually 2.  （say） he can recite more than 1,000 Chinese poems. But his success at the Chinese Poetry Conference didn’t come easily. Peng has taken part in the show many times. During his previous（以前的） appearances, he 3.  （make ） many silly mistakes. He failed twice. But his love for poetry didn’t die. This year, he was back. “Even if I lose again, at least I’ve tried. But if I’m afraid of trying, I 4.  （be） more of a loser,” Peng said. Finally, he became the winner in the fifth season. [答案]1．has been2．says3．made4．will be [解析] 1．考查现在完成时。根据“ever since he was a little boy”可知，应用现在完成时;主语为Peng，助动词用has。故填has been。 2．考查一般现在时。根据空前的usually可知，此处表示他经常说，用一般现在时。故填says。 3．考查一般过去时。根据During his previous appearances可知，应用一般过去时，故填made。 4．考查一般将来时。含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句遵循“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时。故填will be。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$