强化练(10) 体裁专练(3)（word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

强化练(十)　体裁专练(3)(分值：30分) A (2024·江苏扬州一模)Henrietta Swan Leavitt was born on July 4，1868，in Massachusetts.Little is known about her private life.As a college student，she studied a number of subjects and fell in love with astronomy(天文学). Leavitt never married and was considered a serious woman with little time to waste on unimportant aspects of life.Her co­workers described her as pleasant and friendly，and much focused on the importance of the work she was doing.She began to lose her hearing as a young woman due to a condition that only worsened with time. In 1893，she began working at Harvard College Observatory under the direction of astronomer E．C.Pickering.He directed a group of women，who were called “computers”．These “computers” conducted important astronomy research by studying photographic plates(照相底片) of the sky and cataloging(编入目录) characteristics of stars.The women were not allowed to operate telescopes，which limited their ability to conduct their own research.They lived at a time when women's contributions were undervalued or ignored. Henrietta Swan Leavitt continued her research until just before her death，always thinking of herself as an astronomer，despite her start as a nameless “computer” in Pickering's department.While Leavitt was not officially recognized during her life for her work，Harlow Shapley，the astronomer who was the Harvard College Observatory director，did recognize her worth and made her head of Stellar Photometry in 1921. At that time Leavitt was suffering from cancer，and she died at the same year.This prevented her from being recognized as a Nobel Prize owner for her contributions.After her death，her name was placed on a lunar crater(月球陨石坑)，and asteroid(小行星) 5383 Leavitt carries her name.At least one book has been published about her and her name is usually mentioned as part of the history of astronomical contributions. 1．What can we learn about Leavitt? A．She was hard to get along with. B．She suffered from cancer in childhood. C．She never regarded herself as an astronomer. D.She became interested in astronomy at college. 2．Why were the women regarded as “computers”？ A．They devoted themselves to science. B．They were looked down upon by others. C．They used to serve as working computers. D．They knew nothing but photographic plates. 3．What happened after Leavitt's death? A．She was honored in a special way. B．A Nobel Prize was awarded to her. C．One of her books was published. D．Her achievements were ignored. 4．Which of the following can best describe Leavitt? A．Devoted. B．Generous. C．Reliable. D．Energetic. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国天文学家Henrietta Swan Leavitt。 1．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As a college student，she ...fell in love with astronomy.”可知，Leavitt是在大学期间喜欢上了天文学。D项“她在大学时对天文学产生了兴趣”符合文意。故选D。 2．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They lived at a time when ...or ignored.”可知，她们被称作“电脑”的原因是她们被别人轻视。故选B。 3．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“After her death，her name ...contributions.”可知，Leavitt去世之后，人们用特殊的方式纪念她。故选A。 4．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段和第四段内容可知，Leavitt是一个有奉献精神的人。故选A。 B (2024·江苏宿迁三模)It has been five years since I left my staff job and became self­employed.I remember my terror as I walked out of the office for the last time and the excitement when I sold my first piece days later.Working for yourself，setting your own hours and being responsible for your success or failure are exciting.I left my job just as summer was starting，and my first few months were as blissful as the fair days. When winter came，an office where someone else paid for the heating system and my salary was guaranteed seemed attractive.January is tough for freelancers(自由职业者)，and it was no different for me—after masses of work，I earned none.I shared my fears with some businesswomen I knew—what if the reality would be more like what I was experiencing? Whether through choice or circumstance，the number of freelancers is rising and，if you're just starting out，it is scary.I've been lucky that these women making money their own way shared key lessons about what it takes. You can't feel half­hearted about what you do because，at some point，you're going to have painful days.When that happens，you have to remember why you wanted this life in the first place.Don't quit your job for something that you think might be more interesting，quit it for something you can't stop thinking about. Setting up a business is tough.Rather than waiting until all is perfect，go for the moment when it feels as if momentum(势头) is with you.Look after yourself.There is no sick pay when you are self­employed.You can't do a bad day's work and blame it on your boss.You are the backbone of your business and you need to prioritize your health and well­being.Rest regularly and find like­minded people to support you and lift you up when things get hard. Finally，enjoy it.Freedom is yours and，if you can make it work，there is nothing better. 5．How did the author feel when she was self­employed in Paragraph 1? A．Pleased. B．Challenged. C．Awful. D．Bored. 6．What bothered the author when winter came? A．Masses of freelance work. B．Failure to meet daily basics. C．The change in her own taste. D．The unexpected cold weather. 7．According to the author，why should we quit for a new job? A．To escape from the current pain. B．To satisfy our temporary interests. C．To pursue what we really desire. D．To explore where our strengths lie. 8．What's the author's attitude towards becoming freelancers? A．Unclear. B．Critical. C．Favorable. D．Cautious. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要分享了作者自己成为自由职业者的经历以及对自由职业者的看法。 5．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Working for yourself，setting your own hours and being responsible for your success or failure are exciting.I left my job just as summer was starting，and my first few months were as blissful as the fair days.”可知，作者为自己工作时感到高兴。故选A。 6．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When winter came，an office where someone else paid for the heating system and my salary was guaranteed seemed attractive.January is tough for freelancers，and it was no different for me—after masses of work，I earned none.”可知，冬天来了，不能满足日常基本需求困扰着作者。故选B。 7．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Don't quit your job for something that you think might be more interesting，quit it for something you can't stop thinking about.”可知，我们要辞职去找一份新工作是为了追求我们真正渴望的东西。故选C。 8．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对成为自由职业者持支持态度。故选C。 C (2024·湖北省圆创联考一模)In an “always on” world，we worry about the burdens that are shouldered by the teens and their peers(同龄人). Teens tell us about significant stresses that come with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media.Friendship requires both public and behind­the­scenes support.Even before a social media post is made public，close friends can be pulled into photo selection，editing，and final checking.Once posts appear，friends are expected to step up and fast.Liking posts is the minimum requirement.A seventeen­year­old told how liking a friend's post immediately set off a direct message asking her why she hadn't commented yet.Then she had to comment on it.To many teens，the time between a message being read and commented matters a lot.Replying too quickly can be seen as overeager，especially when the friendship is new or not close.But when it's a close friend，too long a lag(间隔) can be hurtful.One teen told us，“If I don't stay connected on the line，the friendship will fall apart.” Teens also bear the burden of bearing constant witness to peers' mental health struggles on public display.Certainly，the “wonderful” quality of social media posts—everyone is apparently living their best life—can be hard for some teens.But there's a kind of emotional impact that comes as teens see peers' cutest pictures dotted with cries for help. The qualities that make or break friendships are actually the same as they've always been：mutual(相互的) sharing of joys and sorrows，a give and take of support，and an ability to weather and resolve conflicts.But technologies have transformed how friendships play out.Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend.Too often，these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are lost on adults.We need that to change. 9．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The requirement that is to be satisfied. B．The friendship that is too difficult to keep. C．The stresses that teens have to be “friendly” online. D．The burdens that adults put on the teens and peers. 10．What is not recommended for teens when the friendship is new? A．Responding to a message too swiftly. B．Replying to a message with a suitable lag. C．Liking a friend's post properly. D．Giving comments after liking the post. 11．What results in teens' emotional impact in the pictures online? A.Peers' comments on you. 　　 B．Peers' attitude to you. C．Peers' admiration for you. 　　 D．Peers' cries for help. 12．What needs to be changed according to the author? A．A give and take of timely support. B．Social media causing teens' burden. C．Mutual sharing of joys and sorrows. D．An ability to bear and solve conflicts. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在社交媒体时代青少年面临的“数字压力”。 9．C　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Teens tell us about significant stresses that come with trying to be a ‘good friend’ in the age of social media.”并结合本段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了青少年在网络上维持友谊所承受的巨大压力。故选C。 10．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Replying too quickly can be seen as overeager，especially when the friendship is new or not close.”可知，在一段新的友谊中，回复消息过快会被视为急于求成。故选A。 11．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But there's a kind of emotional impact that comes as teens see peers' cutest pictures dotted with cries for help.”可知，同龄人照片中的求助会影响青少年的情绪。故选D。 12．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend.Too often，these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are lost on adults.We need that to change.”可知，我们需要改变的是社交媒体给青少年造成的负担。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$