强化练(5) 词句猜测题(2)（word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

强化练(五)　词句猜测题(2)(分值：30分) A (2024·重庆一模)Some ants have figured out how to avoid getting lost—build taller anthills，according to a recent study. Desert ants living in the hot，flat salt pans of Tunisia spend their days looking for food and reach as far as 1.1 kilometers from their nests.To find their way home，desert ants use a navigation system，relying on the sun's position and counting their steps to track their location relative to their nest. But this system becomes increasingly unreliable as the distance from the nest increases.“We realized that，whenever the ants in salt pans came closer to their nest，they suddenly pinpointed the nest hill from several meters distance，” says Markus Knaden，a researcher at Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology.“This made us think that the hill serves as a nest­defining landmark.” So Knaden and colleagues captured ants from nests in the middle of salt pans and from along their shorelines.Only salt­pan nests had distinct hills，up to 40 centimeters tall，whereas the hills on shoreline nests were lower or barely noticeable.Next，the team removed any hills and placed the captured insects some distance away from their nests.Salt­pan ants struggled more than shore ants to find homes.Shore ants relied on the shoreline for guidance and weren't affected by the hill removal，the researchers concluded. The team further conducted another study to see if desert ants were deliberately building a taller hill when their surroundings lacked any visible landmarks.So，the researchers removed the hills of 16 salt­pan nests and installed(安装) two 50­centimeter­tall blocks near eight of them.The other eight nests were left without any artificial visual aid.After three days，the researchers found that seven ants from the unaided nests had rebuilt their hills.But only two ants from the nests with man­made blocks nearby had bothered to rebuild. “It implies that ants regularly assess the complexity of their environment and change their decisions based on their conclusion，” says ecologist Judith Bronstein of the University of Arizona. 1．What aspect of ants is the recent study mainly about? A.Challenges of survival. B．Landmarks of habitats. C．Intelligence of navigation. D．Comparison of varieties. 2．What does the underlined word “pinpointed” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Explored. B．Recognized. C．Climbed. D．Crossed. 3．Why did researchers set shoreline ants in the experiment? A．To observe different ants' reactions. B．To prove impacts of various habitats. C．To disturb desert ants' navigation system. D．To test anthills' functions and significance. 4．What conclusion about desert ants can be drawn from the follow­up study? A．Evaluate and make changes. B．Visual aid is a must. C．Cooperation brings victory. D．No man­made blocks are used. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了沙漠蚂蚁的导航技能。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据前三段的内容可知，研究发现沙漠蚂蚁利用太阳的位置以及计算步数来确定自己相对于巢穴的位置，但离巢越远，这种导航系统越不可靠。研究者进一步观察了沙漠盐田和海岸线地区的蚂蚁巢穴，发现只有沙漠盐田的巢穴上方有明显的小丘，而海岸线地区的巢穴则较低或几乎不可见。由此可知，这项研究主要是关于蚂蚁导航的智能化。故选 C。 2．B　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This made us think that the hill serves as a nest­defining landmark.”可知，研究者认为这个小丘是沙漠蚂蚁定位巢穴的地标，它们在接近巢穴时，在几米外就能辨认出巢穴小丘。由此可知，画线词pinpointed的意思是“辨认”。故选B。 3．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究者对沙漠蚂蚁和海岸线蚂蚁进行了实验，目的是比较它们在小丘消失后能否返回巢穴。因此，研究者在实验中设置海岸线蚂蚁是为了观察不同蚂蚁的反应和表现。故选A。 4．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第五段中的“After three days，the researchers found ...to rebuild.”以及最后一段中的“It implies that ants regularly ...based on their conclusion”可知，研究者进行了一项后续研究，发现当人为移除沙漠蚂蚁的盐田巢穴的小丘时，一些蚂蚁重新建造了小丘，而另一些蚂蚁则利用人为搭建的地标定向。由此可知，蚂蚁会定期评估周围环境的复杂性，并根据自己的结论改变决策。故选A。 B (2024·河南信阳一模)It's 1：30 a.m. in Kenya's populated north，and 50 people are lying on their backs on the shore of a dried­up river，staring up at the night sky.These stargazers have travelled 250 miles to Samburu to witness the Perseid meteor shower(英仙座流星雨).They are not disappointed：Every few minutes，arrows of light shoot across the sky like silent fireworks. The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer，Susan Murabana，who has brought a 50 kg，170 cm­long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep­sky objects.But here in Samburu，where light pollution is minimal，the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye(肉眼)—steal the show． Every two months，Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4×4 and set off to rural communities，where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations(星座) and the basics of astrophysics.They primarily target schools in remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her. “When I started this work，I didn't see people who looked like me.I was a lone ranger and I wanted to change that，” says Murabana. “There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard，boring，and only for boys，” she adds.“I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they，too，can become astronomers，” says Murabana. Murabana's passion for astronomy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her to join a similar outreach session organized by the Cosmos Education.“That was a gamechanger.If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young teenager，my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive.I ended up studying sociology and economics，but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer，” she says. Inspired by the Cosmos Education，Murabana completed an online master's degree in astronomy with the James Cook University in 2011 and set up her own outreach programme.She looked to Dr.Mae Jemison，the first black woman in space，as a role model.“I hope that one day，through this work，I will spark a chain reaction that leads to the first African woman in space.” 5．What do the underlined words “steal the show” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Ruin the effort. B．Face the challenge. C．Attract more attention. D．Keep the promise. 6．Why does Murabana target girl students in remote areas? A．To help them out of poverty. B．To inspire their love of astronomy. C．To look for assistants for her work. D．To give them an edge over boys in studies. 7．What can we learn about Murabana from Paragraph 6? A．She enjoyed playing games. B．She longed to be an astronomer. C．She is an initiator of Cosmos Education. D．She regretted not taking astronomy earlier. 8．What's the passage mainly about? A．The birth of a Kenyan woman astronomer. B．The prejudice against girls in rural Kenya. C．The Kenyan astronomer bringing astronomy to the people. D.The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meteors shower. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana致力于向女孩子普及天文知识的故事。 5．C　[解析]词义猜测题。根据前文“The Star Safari is organised by ...with the naked eye”可知，以前是用望远镜让大家观察天体，但在桑布鲁，光污染极小，肉眼可见的英仙座流星雨抢了望远镜的风头，因此画线部分的意思是“吸引了更多注意力”。故选C。 6．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They primarily target schools ...had been available to her.”和第五段中的“‘There is a common misconception in ...only for boys”可知，Murabana针对偏远地区的孩子尤其是女孩是为了激发她们对天文学的热爱。故选B。 7．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第六段中的“If an outreach group had come to ...be an astronomer”可推知，Murabana后悔没有早点学天文学。故选D。 8．C　[解析]主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了致力于向女孩子普及天文知识的肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana的故事。故选C。 C (2024·广东江门一模)Demographic changes，such as aging populations and declining birth rates，pose challenges as well as offer opportunities for industries and countries.To overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities，especially to achieve long­term economic sustainability，economies need to enhance policies promoting innovations. Now many countries in East Asia are facing the aging population and declining working­age population problem.Compared with other advanced countries，Japan encountered the population aging problem at a slightly earlier stage，starting in the mid­1990s.As Japan's percentage of elderly population to the total population increased，it impacted the country's economy，leading to a contraction in domestic demand and decline in both production and consumption，and restricting the growth of economy. Some innovative companies have actively increased outward FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)，providing cost advantages from inexpensive overseas labor to maintain their cost competitiveness.However，the global economy is facing the challenge of declining trade owing to the protectionism practiced by certain countries.Consequently，the chances of boosting growth through outward FDI may be limited. Developing artificial intelligence is another solution to the negative impacts of the demographic changes.AI and robotics will play a crucial role in stimulating productivity and innovation by making payment for the decline in the working­age population，and the following increase in productivity will in turn raise the demand for labor by creating new employment opportunities. AI，robotics and other advanced technologies give rise to new tasks within their fields and across other sectors.Therefore，it is necessary to employ cooperation policies to support corporations that promote innovations by increasing investment in research and development，facilitating the growth of new companies，and building a perfect system to protect intellectual properties.Since AI and robotics may replace certain jobs，it is essential to address the potential challenges they may create in the labor market and work out strategies to ensure a balanced and comprehensive transition. 9．What do we know about demographic changes from the first two paragraphs? A．There is no need to worry since the changes offer opportunities. B.The changes won't affect the long­term economic sustainability. C．Japan is the only advanced country facing the changes at present. D.Things should be done to overcome the challenges posed by the changes. 10．What does the underlined word “contraction” mean in the second paragraph? A．Push. B．Decrease. C．Pause. D．Change. 11．What is the writer's attitude to FDI? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 12．What does the writer advise to tackle the new tasks posed by advanced technologies? A.Withdrawing investment in research and development. B．Adopting policies that encourage innovation of corporations. C.Establishing new companies to protect intellectual properties. D．Creating potential labor market for more possible employments. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。现在很多国家面临人口结构失衡的问题，这些国家把解决问题的方法投向了人工智能领域。作者呼吁各国政府要出台相应政策支持人工智能的开发，同时也要关注其可能带来的负面影响。 9．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，我们应该采取措施来应对人口变化带来的挑战。故选D。 10．B　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“As Japan's percentage of ...the country's economy”以及下文“in domestic demand and decline in both ...growth of economy”可知，随着老龄人口比例的上升，日本国家经济受到影响，内需“收缩”，从而导致生产力和消费下降，经济的增长也受到制约，故画线词意思是“收缩”。故选B。 11．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，作者分别提到了FDI的优点和缺点，即对FDI的态度是客观的。故选C。 12．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，作者建议采取鼓励企业创新的政策来应对先进技术带来的新任务。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$