强化练(4) 词句猜测题(1)（word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

强化练(四)　词句猜测题(1)(分值：30分) A (2024·江苏连云港一模)Not all birds sing，but several thousand species do.They sing to defend their territory and croon(柔声唱) to impress potential mates.“Why birds sing is relatively well­answered，” says Iris Adam，a behavioral neuroscientist.However，the big question for her was why birds sing so much. “As soon as you sing，you reveal yourself，” says Adam.“Like，where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications，Adam and her co­workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk.They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal(发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top­quality songs.To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongs require daily exercise，Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches—the little Australian songbirds. She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock.Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing，so she had to work to keep them from warbling(鸣叫).“The first two or three days，it's quite easy，” she says.“But the longer the experiment goes，the more they are like，‘I need to sing.’” At that point，she'd tap the cage and tell them to stop singing. After a week，the birds' singing muscles lost half their strength.But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs.When she played a male's song before and after the seven days of darkness，she couldn't hear a difference.But when Adam played it to a group of female birds，six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who'd been using his singing muscles daily. Adam's conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top­performance songs.If they don't sing，they lose performance，and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds' continuous singing. It's a good rule to live by，whether you're a bird or a human—practice makes perfect，at least when it comes to singing one's heart out. 1．According to Iris Adam，birds sing so much to ． A．warn other birds of risks B．produce more songs C．perform perfectly in singing D．defend their territory 2．What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Prepares. B．Stimulates. C．Forbids. D．Frightens. 3．What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment? A．They lost the ability to sing. B．They strengthened their muscles. C．Their songs showed no difference. D．Their songs became less appealing. 4．What may Iris Adam agree with? A．The songbirds live on music. B．The songbirds are born singers. C．Daily exercise keeps birds healthy. D．Practice makes birds perfect singers. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了行为神经学家Iris Adam对于鸟类为何经常鸣叫这一问题的研究。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top­quality songs.”可知，Adam认为鸟类频繁鸣叫是为了使鸣叫声更加完美。故选C。 2．B　[解析]词义猜测题。由第三段中的“She prevented them from ...to keep them from warbling”可知，光能刺激鸟儿鸣叫，所以她把鸟关在黑暗的笼子里，不让它们鸣叫。由此可知，画线词的含义为“刺激”。故选B。 3．D　[解析]细节理解题。由文章第四段和第五段可知，被关在笼子里的雄鸟对雌鸟的吸引力降低了。故选D。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。由文章第五段可推知，Adam认为练习使鸟成为完美的歌手。故选D。 B (2024·福建部分高中一模)My plan to learn to play the cello(大提琴) was a healthy choice.So I took the next innocent step of going to a shop that sells and rents string instruments，especially violins，violas，and cellos.The place was a hole­in­the­wall，up a steep flight of stairs.Instruments left a narrow path to the counter where a woman with grey hair and warm eyes greeted me.Since I couldn't formulate a question about what I wanted，I just stood there exploring the scene，which felt immensely pleasurable. I rented a cello，a bow，and a case to hold them.What attracted me to the cello was its enormous size and its soft，smooth，and memorable sounds.It's an instrument made of beautifully polished wood that I could wrap my arms around and feel its powerful vibrations when the strings were played.That was a good starting point for me.The only problem was that I didn't know how to play it. There's a popular belief that the cello is a particularly difficult instrument to learn.Another is the admonition，“Don't bother if you are a beginner over age 10！” Well，I was 70，and what others thought no longer influenced me.And besides，I thought of the words of Dr.Cohen，who suggested that learning causes physical changes in the brain. So I found a teacher who had respect for older adult beginners and I practiced diligently，daily for years，and sometimes disheartened，but I kept up.I'm happy to report that now，more than a decade later，I can hold my own in a string trio and two quartets(two violins，a viola，and me，the female cello)and even a senior community band.Of course，I'll never sound like Yo­Yo Ma but you could recognize a Mozart piece if you heard me play it.And，more importantly，I don't need to please anyone but myself. Whether it's a pleasurable pastime or a new career，the starting point is the same：wonder，curiosity，determination，and the desire to keep your brain sharp. 5．How did the writer feel in the shop? A．Amused by the shop assistant. B．Anxious for a live performance. C．Pleased at the nice music atmosphere. D．Curious about where to find a teacher. 6．What does the underlined word “admonition” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Approval. B．Criticism. C．Puzzlement. D．Warning. 7．Why does the writer mention Dr.Cohen in Paragraph 3? A．To recommend a reliable doctor. B．To provide proof for common belief. C．To add another reason for her decision. D．To stress the crucial function of the brain. 8．Which of the following can best convey the writer's idea? A．Art is man's second nature. B．One is never too old to learn. C．Education is the key to success. D．Happiness is the best form of health. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”开始学习大提琴的经历：从被乐器吸引，到面临困难和质疑，再到坚持学习并取得一定的成果。 5．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Since I couldn't formulate a question about what I wanted，I just stood there exploring the scene，which felt immensely pleasurable.”可以推知，作者对商店里的音乐氛围感到满意。故选C。 6．D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“There's a popular belief that the cello is a particularly difficult instrument to learn.Another is the admonition，‘Don't bother if you are a beginner over age 10！’”可知，这是一种警告。由此推知admonition的意思是“警告”，和D项意思相近。故选D。 7．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Well，I was 70 ...learning causes physical changes in the brain.”可以推知，作者提到Dr.Cohen是为了给自己的决定再加一个理由，即学习大提琴有益于大脑健康。故选C。 8．B　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段和最后一段可知，作者的主要想法是：年龄并不是学习新事物的限制，只要有好奇心、决心和保持头脑敏锐的渴望，在任何时候都可以开始学习新技能。这与“活到老，学到老”的谚语相呼应，强调了终身学习的重要性。故选B。 C (2024·湖南衡阳二模)“What beautiful music！” I shout loudly as my 9­year­old son practices playing the violin.He's used to this praise; I give rewards like that most days.But every once in a while，I skip it，and when I do，I can see the disappointment on his face when he's finished. Am I a bad mom？Conventional wisdom says that consistency is key to parenting since it enables your child to predict how you'll react，leading to good behavior.And it's true that children need some level of predictability in their lives，particularly when it comes to discipline. But research suggests that inconsistent gifts and praise can have a greater effect on motivation.While we all like to live in a predictable world，we often respond more strongly to unpredictable rewards. In one experiment，my colleagues and I told participants they'd be paid if they could drink about one­and­a­half quarts of water in two minutes or less.In one condition，we offered people a $2 fixed reward.In another，there was an uncertain reward of either $2 or $1.The certain reward was a better deal，yet many more people successfully met the challenge when assigned an uncertain reward.Resolving the uncertainty—whether they would win $1 or $2—was significantly more motivating than winning $2 for sure. Here is one of the reasons why uncertainty is motivating.What scientists call “intermittent(间歇性的) reinforcement”—rewarding behavior on some but not all occasions—makes it more arduous to know when rewards will show up.If you very often，but don't always，praise your child for completing their chores，they'll keep up the good behavior in the hope of receiving praise the next time. So don't assume that if kids are always praised for finishing their homework，they'll be more likely to do it.Do praise young people for a job well done，just not every time.And pick rewards out of a hat when they complete chores—the surprise prize might keep everyone motivated to get things done. 9．Why does the author mention her kid's story in the first paragraph? A．To display the conclusion of her research. B．To show that her kid is very smart. C．To explain that she is a good mom. D．To serve as a lead­in to the topic. 10．Why did more participants choose an uncertain reward in the experiment? A．It was more inspiring. B．It was more demanding. C．It was fair to all participants. D．It was easy to get more rewards. 11．What does the underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Convenient. B．Popular. C．Flexible. D．Difficult. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Consistency Is Critical to Parenting B．Why Resolving Uncertainty Is Rewarding C．How Inconsistent Praise Affects Motivation D.How Parents' Behaviors Affect Their Children [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，不确定的激励会对动机产生更大的影响。虽然我们都喜欢生活在一个可预测的世界里，但我们往往对不可预测的奖励反应更强烈，文章分析了原因。 9．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I give rewards like that ...when he's finished.”和第三段可知，第一段的故事是为了引出本文的主题，即不确定的激励会对动机产生更大的影响。故选D。 10．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Resolving the uncertainty—whether they would win $1 or $2—was significantly more motivating than winning $2 for sure.”可知，更多的参与者在实验中选择不确定性奖励是因为这种奖励更鼓舞人心。故选A。 11．D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的rewarding behavior on some but not all occasions可知，只偶尔对特定行为予以奖励，所以要知道奖励何时出现会变得更困难。画线词arduous的意思是“困难的”，和difficult意思相近。故选D。 12．C　[解析]标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是不确定的激励会对动机产生更大的影响，并解释了原因，因此本文的标题是C选项“不确定的表扬如何影响动机”。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$