强化练(3) 推理判断题(2)（word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

强化练(三)　推理判断题(2)(分值：30分) A (2024·重庆一模)Is future you ...you？It might seem like a strange philosophical question.But the answer to how you think about your future self could make the difference between decisions you ultimately find satisfying and ones you might eventually regret. The brain patterns that emerge on an MRI(核磁共振成像) when people think about their future selves most like the brain patterns that arise when they think about strangers.This finding suggests that，in the mind's eye，our future selves look like other people.If you see future you as a different person，why should you save money，eat healthier or exercise more regularly to benefit that stranger? However，if you see the interests of your distant self as more like those of your present self，you are considerably more likely to do things today that benefit you tomorrow.A paper in the journal PLOS ONE revealed that college students who experienced a greater sense of connection and similarity to their future selves were more likely to achieve academic success.Relationships with our future selves also matter for general psychological well­being.In a project led by Joseph Reiff，which includes 5，000 adults aged 20 to 75，he found that those who perceived a great overlap(重叠) in qualities between their current and future selves ended up being more satisfied with their lives 10 years after filling out the initial survey. So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates？The psychological mindset with what we call “vividness interventions” works.We have found，for instance，that showing people images of their older，grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term.Besides，you might try writing a letter to—and then from—your future self.As demonstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity，when high­school students engaged in this type of “send­and­reply” exercise，they experienced elevated(升高的) levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves. Letter­writing and visualization exercises are just a couple of ways we can connect with our future selves and beyond，but the larger lesson here is clear：If we can treat our distant selves as if they are people we love，care about and want to support，we can start making choices for them that improve our lives—both today and tomorrow. 1．What's the function of Paragraph 2? A．Generating further discussion. B．Introducing a research result. C．Showing the effect of the finding. D．Concluding various viewpoints. 2．How does the author prove his statements? A．By offering relevant statistics. B．By using quotations. C．By referring to previous findings. D．By making comparisons. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Benefits of befriending our future selves. B．Ways of connecting with our future selves. C．Methods of changing psychological mindsets. D．Possibilities of us becoming our future selves. 4．What does the article want to tell us? A．Making future plans makes a difference. B．Our future selves look like other people. C．Getting to know your future self benefits. D．Your choice affects the fates of strangers. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与未来的自己建立联系的好处，以及如何与未来的自己建立联系，并为未来作出有益的选择。 1．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，本段通过设问来引出下文，产生进一步的讨论：为什么要和未来的自己建立联系。故选A。 2．C　[解析]推理判断题。通读第三段可推知，作者通过参考先前的发现来证明他的陈述。故选C。 3．B　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第四段可知，本段主要介绍了与未来的自己建立联系的方式。故选B。 4．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句话和第三段的第二、三句话以及最后一段可知，文章介绍了与未来的自己建立联系的好处，如何与未来的自己建立联系，并为未来作出有益的选择。由此推知，这篇文章想告诉我们了解未来的自己的好处。故选C。 B (2024·广东韶关二模)Is life a story or a game？Answers may vary from one to another.Over the course of life，we find things to love and commit to—a job，a partner or a community.At times，we struggle to learn from our misfortunes to grow in wisdom，kindness and grace. Will Storr，a writer whose work I admire，says this story version of life is a misunderstanding.In his book The Status Game，he argues that human beings are deeply driven by status.Rather than about being liked or accepted，he writes，it's about being better than others.“When people are obedient to us，offer respect，admiration or praise，that's status.It feels good.” Life is a series of games，he adds.There's the high school game of competing to be the popular kid.The lawyer game to make partner.The finance game to make the most money.The academic game for fame.The sports game to show that our team is the best.Even when we are trying to do good，Storr claims，we're playing the “virtue game” to show we are morally superior to others. I think Storr is in danger of becoming one of those guys who ignore the noble desires of the human heart and the caring element in every friendship and family.The status­mad world that Storr describes is so loveless.In fact，gaming as a way of life is immature.Maturity means rising above the shallow desire—for status—that doesn't really nourish us.It's about cultivating the higher desires：the love of truth and learning; the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work，which is not about popularity，and the desire for a good and meaningful life that inspires people to practise daily acts of generosity. How do people gradually learn to cultivate these higher motivations？To answer that，I'd have to tell you a story. 5．What lies in the core of Will Storr's opinion about life? A．The pride in one's virtue. B．The pursuit of superiority. C．The desire for acceptance. D．The motivation by wealth. 6．What can be viewed as higher motivations in the text? A．Love and inspiration. B．Maturity and desire. C．Commitment and kindness. D．Friendship and popularity. 7．What's the main purpose of the passage? A．To correct an attitude. B．To compare two values. C．To explain two arguments. D．To criticize a viewpoint. 8．What story do you think the author will tell next? A．A king's­comeback story. B．A rags­to­riches story. C．A Yuan Longping­style story. D．An overnight­success story. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。生活是一个故事还是一场游戏？作家Will Storr认为生活就是一系列的游戏，人类深受追求社会地位的驱使。作者指出这种生活态度是不成熟的，成熟意味着追求更高级的愿望。 5．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In his book ...It feels good.”可知，Will Storr的作品核心在于追求更高的地位，要比别人更好。B项“追求卓越”符合题意，故选B。 6．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段和第四段中的“It's about cultivating the higher desires ...to practise daily acts of generosity.”可知，C项“承诺和善良”可以被视为更高层次的动机，故选C。 7．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第四段中的“I think Storr is ...It's about cultivating the higher desires ...”可知，文章首句提出问题：生活是一个故事还是一场游戏？接着提到了作家Will Storr对此问题的回答，Will Storr认为生活就是一系列的游戏，人们深受追求社会地位的驱使。作者接着提到这种生活态度是不成熟的，所以本文的写作目的是纠正一种态度，故选A。 8．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句和最后一段可知，更高级的愿望是对真理和学习的热爱以及对美好而有意义的生活的渴望。作者接下来要讲述关于如何培养这些更高层次动机的故事，C项“一个袁隆平式的故事”符合更高层次动机的内涵，故选C。 C (2024·广东江门一模)Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just­good­at­hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts.Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas.Now，emerging environmental DNA(eDNA) techniques open new possibilities. Scientists collect water or soil samples from an environment and extract(提取) any DNA traces left behind by organisms.This is the eDNA.They then use one of the two analysis methods—quantitative PCR(qPCR) or DNA sequencing(DNA测序).qPCR is used to detect if a specific species' DNA is in the sample.For example，researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present.When it was detected，they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it.DNA sequencing analyzes all DNA in the sample at once.Scientists can then match the DNA barcodes to databases to identify which species were in the sampled environment. Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases，the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms.With just one sample，scientists can detect all kinds of living things，from bacteria to whales，in almost any environment where life exists，including the deep sea and underground caves.One of the most significant advantages of eDNA sampling is that it allows scientists to detect species that are difficult to see or capture.This is particularly useful when studying rare or very small species，or when working in environments like dark water where visibility is limited. This is just the start.Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles，analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel(船舰)，and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near­real­time data about the condition of the ocean.Science fiction？Not any more. 9．What's the author's purpose in mentioning the example in Paragraph 2? A.To explain the process of qPCR analysis method. B.To introduce the definition of environmental DNA. C.To tell the difference between two analysis methods. D．To explain the existence of specific species. 10．What's the advantage of eDNA sampling? A．It can detect species from photos and videos. B．It can help scientists capture endangered species. C.It enables scientists to work in invisible environment. D．It can identify any living creature with a sample of it. 11．What could eDNA data be applied to in the future? A．Studying microbial communities. B．Analyzing diversity changes over time. C．Collecting species in new environments. D．Offering statistics for ocean supervision. 12．What's the main idea of the text? A.Scientists have made a breakthrough in undersea research. B．Rare species have been discovered with two analysis methods. C．A new biodiversity monitoring technique has great application prospects. D．Traditional survey methods are abandoned for their shortcomings. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA(eDNA)技术。 9．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They then use one of the two analysis methods ...”可知，作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。故选A。 10．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，eDNA取样的优势是仅凭环境样本即可识别任何生物。故选D。 11．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，eDNA数据在未来可以用来为海洋监管提供统计数据。故选D。 12．C　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一种新的生物多样性监测技术。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$