第02讲 必修三Unit 2 Natural disasters教材知识新课预习-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

第02讲 Unit 2 Natural disasters 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与自然灾害以及自救知识相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：了解自然灾害的类型、危害和逃生知识；从文学作品中了解火山爆发导致庞培古城消亡的历史； 思维品质：正确认识自然灾害并学会如何自救； 学习能力：续写关于洪灾的故事；合作完成关于救援方法的信息文件夹。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 [教材原文]Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。 (1)be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤 injure one's self­esteem/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 (2)injury n. 受伤，伤害 serious/severe injury重伤 (3)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured伤员 2. reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 [教材原文]Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。 (1)a reaction to对……的反应 (2)react vi.反应 react to 对……起反应；对……作出回应 [名师点津] a reaction to与react to中的to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语 3. signal vi. & vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 [教材原文]She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 (1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 (2)send out a signal发出信号 pick up a signal接收信号 4. confirm vt. 证实，确认；批准；使确信 [教材原文]After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 confirm that/wh­... 证实…… It has been confirmed that... 已经证实…… confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事 confirm sb. as... 任命某人担任……某职位 5. occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于 [教材原文]It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 sth. occurs to sb.某事主意或想法被某人突然想到 It occurs to sb. that...某人突然想到…… It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想到做某事 [名师点津]表示“发生”的动词(词组)occur, happen, take place, break out等都是不及物动词(词组)，都不能用于被动语态。 6. relief n. 宽慰；轻松；消除，减轻；救济 [教材原文]To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 in relief如释重负；松了口气 to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事令人欣慰。 What a relief！ 终于放心了！ sigh with relief松了口气 [名师点津]to one's relief 意为“使某人欣慰的是”，为了强调，可在to前面加much或者在relief前加great，意为“使某人非常欣慰的是”。有相同用法的词还有surprise, joy, regret等。 7. distance n. 距离；遥远，久远；差异；疏远 [教材原文]At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 in the distance在远处距离很远 at/from a distance从远处，离一段距离不是很远 at a distance of... 在……远的地方 within walking distance 在步行距离之内 keep one's distance from... 与……保持距离 keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离 8. rescue n. & vt. 营救，救援，抢救 [教材原文]Search and rescue robots 搜救机器人 (1)come to the/one's rescue 搭救某人 (2)rescue...from... 从……中/处救…… 9. sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 [教材原文]Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 (1)a sharp knife 锋利的刀 sharp teeth 锋利的牙齿 a sharp increase/fall in prices价格的急剧上涨/下跌 a sharp pain一阵剧痛 have sharp eyes有敏锐的眼睛 a journalist with a sharp mind头脑敏锐的新闻记者 (2)sharply adv. 剧烈地；急剧地；明显地 sharpen vt. & vi.(使)变得锋利 sharpener n. 磨具，削具 10. locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) [教材原文]Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 (1)be located in/on/at位于……，坐落在…… (2)location n. 位置；地点；定位 on location外景拍摄地 单元句型 1. be doing sth. when… [教材原文]Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 地面开始晃动时，弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课。 [句式分析]本句是一个主从复合句；head teacher 为句子主语Alice Brown的同位语；句中含有sb. be doing sth.when...的句式，表示“某人正在做某事，这时……”。 (1)在sb.be doing sth. when ...的句式中，when作并列连词，引出一个突然发生的动作，when相当于and then或and at that time。 (2)类似的表达还有： sb. was on the point of doing... when...某人正要做……这时…… sb. had just done... when...某人刚做完……这时…… sb.was about to do...when...某人正要做……这时…… 2. The moment引导时间状语从句 [教材原文]The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 地震停止的瞬间，布朗女士意识到这是他们逃出教室的最好时机。 (1)以 time 为中心词构成的名词短语：the first time第一次；(the) next time下一次；(the) last time最后一次；every time每次；any time任何时候 (2)the moment/minute/instant/second一……就…… (3)由“年、月、日”“春、夏、秋、冬”构成的名词短语：the year/month/day那年/月/天；the spring/summer/autumn/winter那年春天/夏天/秋天/冬天 3. in case引导目的状语从句 [教材原文]At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士迅速打开教室的门，以防它在晃动中损坏而无法打开。 in case of 万一，如果，防备 in case of emergency 万一发生紧急情况 in that case 既然那样，如果那样的话 in no case 决不，在任何情况下都不 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in many cases 在很多情况下 in most cases 大多数情况下 4. 独立主格结构 [教材原文]Each turned to fly—each running, pressing, pushing against the other. 每个人都转身飞奔起来——人们奔跑着，挤来挤去，推推搡搡。 (1)独立主格结构的构成：名词/主格人称代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。 (2)语法功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等意义。 (3)特点： ·独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同。 ·当名词/代词与动词之间是主谓关系时，用现在分词形式；当名词/代词与动词之间是动宾关系时，用过去分词形式；当表示的是将来的动作时，用不定式形式。 ·可置于句首或句末，多用逗号将其与句子其他成分隔开。 ·在“名词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词前面不用冠词，也不用任何其他修饰成分。 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1. Luckily, the young man was only slightly ________(injure) in the accident. 2. If envy is allowed to grow violently, it’s ________(destroy) to all excellence. 3. There is a great sense of ________(relieve) that nobody was killed or seriously injured in the car accident. 4. The trapped hiker ________(发出信号) wildly for help but unfortunately nobody noticed. 5. A small plane ________(坠毁) into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. 6. The couple ________(拥抱) each other when they heard the exciting news. 7. It is an area where natural ________(灾难) often happen. 8. ________(位置在) on the northeast coast of China, Dalian has a good transport system. 9. A toothache can be ________(无法忍受的), so it's vital to protect your teeth in a proper way. 10. The thief ________(悄悄移到，滑动) into the room without being noticed by anybody. Ⅱ.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 occur to; at large; safe and sound; keep one’s head; far and wide; run out of; take the form of; break out 1. The police and villagers searched ________________ for the missing boy. 2. The training program I joined last summer ________________ a series of workshops. 3. Much to their parents’ relief, the boys eventually came home, ________________. 4. ________________ how tough it was to begin a new life in a strange city. 5. Mr White can ________________ in any emergency; he is never likely to panic. III.完成句子 1. The teacher ________________________ suddenly one of the students fainted.(be doing...when...)  老师正在上课,突然有个学生晕倒了。 2. I’ll take my raincoat ________________________.(in case)  我将带上雨衣,以防下雨。 3. She ________________________ the opportunity if her mother hadn’t insisted on her going.(might)  要不是她的妈妈坚持让她去,她可能就失去这个机会了。 4. ________________________ he had grown up.(occur)  我的儿子突然意识到他已经长大了。 5. The kids ran out of the classroom ________________________.(the moment)  一下课孩子们就跑出了教室。 6. They said goodbye,not knowing that they ________________________ again.(be to)  他们道了别,不知道以后再也不会见面了。 单元语法 不定式做定语和结果状语 一、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和修饰关系。1. 主谓关系2. 动宾关系。由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。3. 同位关系4. 修饰关系 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语多强调意外的或者不愿意看到的结果，常见于下列句型。 1. so...as to do 2. such...as to do 3. ... enough to do 4. only to do 5. too...to do 注意：too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased，happy, ready等词，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。 【巩固练习】 1. The plum trees are the first ________(flower) even as the snow is melting(融化). 2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________(tell) the film stars had left. 3. The meeting ________(hold) next week is sure to be a great success. 4. I am sorry ________(not write) you a letter at the time. 5. Will you lend him a magazine ________(read)? 6. I’ m going to Xi’an next week. Do you have anything ________(take) to your parents? 7. I lost my way in complete darkness and, ________(make) matters worse, it began to rain. 8. At no time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning,though she is always too busy ________(have) a good rest. 9. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was much too heavy ________(carry) all the way home. 10. In my opinion, he is the right person ________(do) the job. 单元写作 读后续写是一种将阅读和写作紧密结合的考查形式,旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力。在写作时注意以下几方面的问题: (1)注重故事情节连贯性。读后续写是以读促写,在读懂基础上才能下笔写。理解文章是第一步。阅读文章时要抓住一些关键信息。这些关键信息可能是下文的伏笔。续写的两段,只有和这些伏笔对应,才能写出符合情理的完整故事。 (2)注重故事语言连贯性。读后续写文章往往是一个故事。写作过程中,在时态上要和上文一致。另外,还要关注写作风格的一致性。 (3)深刻理解两个已给句子信息。深刻理解这两个句子有助于对情节的把握,在把握其中的关键信息和线索的基础上才能合理预测情节发展。 典题分析 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her nervous. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away!” “No,” said Dad. “It’s too late! The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater! Let’s just leave! I’m really scared!” cried Mary. “We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be OK,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm, but Mary could tell she was worried too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? All of a sudden, the dinner table moved and the door was forced open. Water poured in. Mary burst out crying. “Upstairs!” Dad ordered. They rushed to the second floor, only to find the whole neighborhood had been surrounded by water. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then they heard a helicopter (直升机) flying in the distance. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three days later, they returned home and found their house in a mess. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作迁移： 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Thomas and Christine Noctor have lived and raised their family in the home for three decades. They and their 12-year-old grandson Dean, who lives with them, had most of their personal belongings damaged or destroyed after a fire broke out in Thomas’ home office on Saturday evening. Ally Noctor was in the home with her mother, father, nephew Dean, and brother James when the incident happened. “My mom has COPD(慢性阻寒性肺病) so I said ‘just get out the back’, and she took the dog out the back,” Ally recalled. “My brother came running down looking for a fire extinguisher(灭火器), and my dad was screaming, ‘Fire !’” The fire started in the box room It’s Thomas home office. He’d just done it up. It was clearly an electrical fault but no one thought at the time to turn off the electricity. The room started filling with smoke quickly and they had to leave immediately. The house is located just a short walk away from the fire station. But when neighbors called, the available trucks were already out — so nearly 20 minutes had passed before the fire crew arrived. Thankfully, they managed to prevent the fire from spreading to the attic(阁楼) or to any more homes in the community. The family then went back inside the house to investigate what had happened and survey the damage caused. Dean’s gaming PC was melted, toys were melted, and even the shower was melted. All their clothes couldn’t be taken out. “The downstairs is okay, but there is smoke damage and water damage. And all of the upstairs is completely damaged. My mom is still in shock. She’s just staring into space,” Ally said. But Ally was quick to praise her community, who were right there to help the Noctors get out of the house the moment they sensed trouble and every one of the family got timely help. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置上作答。 Ally ran out the door without shoes on when escaping.____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The temporary house is OK but New Year may be difficult._________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点1 injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 1. They think that it is a waste of time and we may get ________(injure) in the process. 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习)Luckily, the ________(injure) were out of danger and they expressed their heartfelt thanks to the rescuers. 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东·期中)The original complaint against the driver includes a charge for causing a serious bodily ________(injure). 4.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东茂名·期中)Though he was ________(injure), he was determined to continue the journey and reach their destination. 考点2 reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 1. A comedian might tell different jokes depending on audience’s ________(react) to his or her previous jokes. 2. A spokesman said the changes were not in ________(react) to the company’s recent losses. 3. I don’t know how the citizens will react ________ the new policy. 考点3 occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 1. Many accidents ________(occur) frequently in this area. 2. It never occurred ________ him that he would win the first prize. 3. It occurred to him ________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. 4. Cultural differences occur ________ you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and respect them. 5. It ________(occur) to me that I could have the book sent to me the other day. 考点4 relief n. 宽慰；轻松；消除，减轻；救济 1.You had better take exercise to ________(relief) your pressure. 2. When the plane takes off, you had better open your mouth to ________(relief) the pressure on your eardrums. 3. ________ relief),Tom sat in the chair and watched TV in the room. 考点5 distance n. 距离；遥远，久远；差异；疏远 1. I have a ________(distance) relative in this small town. 2. The professor wanted to get away from everything, so he moved to a ________(distance) land. 3. The sound of the cheering faded away ________ the distance. 考点6 rescue n. & vt. 营救，救援，抢救 1. He was about to give up when they came ________ his rescue. 2. Louise’s dream of finding the ________(rescue) came true and now that she’d reunited with them, she hoped to stay connected forever. 3. Tom ________(rescue) a boy from the river on his way home. 考点7 locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) 1. ________(locate) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Iceland has a population of around 340,000, most of ________ live in and around the capital, Reykjavik. 2. It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which ________(locate) in the center of the city. 考点8 be doing sth. when… 1.Henry is walking down the street. He sees a sign for a barber’s shop.(用be doing. . . when. . . 结构合并句子) →________________________________________________ 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·贵州遵义·阶段练习)I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.(be doing.....when...)(根据提示进行仿写) ________________________________________________ 3. Henry is walking down the street. At that time, he sees a sign of a place to get a haircut.(用be doing. . . when. . .) ________________________________________________ 考点9 in case引导目的状语从句 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case ________ a real fire. 2.We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.(句型转换) →________________________ that goes against the interests of people.(倒装句) 考点10 独立主格结构 1.老师手里拿着一本书走进教室。 ①The teacher entered the classroom, ________________________.(with复合结构) ②The teacher entered the classroom, ________________________.(独立主格结构) 2. But he still refused to look at me, and his face was buried in his arms with a whispered “no”. →But he still refused to look at me, ________________________ with a whispered “no”. (现在分词作状语) →But he still refused to look at me, ________________________ with a whispered “no”. (with复合结构) →But he still refused to look at me, ________________________ with a whispered “no”. (独立主格结构) 一、阅读理解 (2024-2025学年高一上·河北衡水·阶段练习)In a natural disaster--a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technologies to predict(预测) when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how to best analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained. On September 29th, 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with heavy rain and winds up to 160 km per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean. This was a very different result from 1900’s, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct attack on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people. Vastly improved hurricane warning systems at the end of the 20th century explained the different circumstances -residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions(预防措施). At the same time people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, but some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied. A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were prediction that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans. Emergency management officials must begin to arrange evacuation well before a storm struck. But evacuation cost money. The mayor of New Orleans estimated(估计) that his city’s preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs. The different views on the early warning of Hurricane Georges show some of the complexity (复杂性) related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information for the government officials and other decision-makers who must respond to those predictions. 1. What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the text? A. To save people’s lives. B. To find out the cause of disasters. C. To prevent natural disasters from happening. D. To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction. 2. In which area did a hurricane cause the most deaths? A. Biloxi. B. New Orleans. C. Galveston. D. Puerto Rico. 3. Why were the people of New Orleans unsatisfied? A. Their preparations were made in vain. B. They suffered a heavy hurricane attack. C. The hurricane warning arrived rather late. D. The forecast hurricane did not hit the city. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The different ways of disaster prediction. B. Technological advances in disaster prediction. C. The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction. D. The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction. 二、七选五 As my husband and I drove down a country road, we passed a fire station with a sign that read. “Are you ready for the next storm?” Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed trees and power off. 1 We have had our share of storms in the past — a snowstorm and other heavy snows that knocked down trees, sometimes up to a week at a time. Those days weren’t fun, but we learned so much from those early storms. It made later storms easier to bear. 2 We bought a battery-operated radio to keep up with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. 3 We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand. We’re ready for the next storm, but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t faced a storm in the past. The same is true spiritually. Those little storms in our lives are never fun, but they prepare us for the big trials coming to us. 4 Are you ready for the next storm? 5 A. Thanks to all those storms. B. They can teach us some valuable lessons. C. Now is the time to get ready. D. How long do you think this storm will last? E. We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world. F. Now we have stored as many necessities as possible in case of potential storms. G. And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! 三、完形填空 (2024-2025学年高一上·广东广州·阶段练习)The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins. I had no choice but to walk home as all the 1 had stopped as a result of the quake. On my way home I 2 an old lady at a bakery(烘焙店) giving out free bread, which made my heart 3 . A man was holding a sign saying, “please use our 4 . ” He was opening his house for people to go to the toilet. Then the next day I drove to have my car 5 . There was not enough 6 now and many gas stations were either closed or had very 7 lines. I got worried, since I was behind fifteen cars. Finally, when my 8 came, the man smiled and said. “Because of this situation, we are only giving $30 worth of gas per person. Is that all right? ” “Of course. It’s nice that we are all able to 9 , ” I said. His smile gave me so much comfort. At the shelter center I saw a man 10 when people brought food to him. It was the first time in three days that food had been 11 there. However, after he dried the tears, his next 12 surprised me. “I am very 13 that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us haven’t 14 any food at all. Please go to that center as well. ” Hearing that, I realized there was a bright future on the other side of this 15 . 1. A. lift B. business C. help D. traffic 2. A. saw B. missed C. rescued D. caught 3. A. kind B. broken C. warm D. empty 4. A. bedroom B. bathroom C. living room D. kitchen 5. A. cleaned up B. washed away C. filled up D. swept away 6. A. gas B. information C. food D. water 7. A. direct B. fine C. long D. short 8. A. time B. turn C. order D. decision 9. A. share B. offer C. learn D. choose 10. A. crying B. eating C. smiling D. singing 11. A. brought B. stored C. left D. kept 12. A. ways B. roles C. words D. promises 13. A. sure B. grateful C. surprised D. proud 14. A. cooked B. wasted C. prepared D. received 15. A. disaster B. chance C. city D. center 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024-2025学年高一上·广东揭阳·阶段练习)Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. There was something wrong with wells. Chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields 1 (look) for places to hide. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises were heard. However, people were asleep as usual. At 3:42 a.m., everything 2 (begin) to shake. It seemed as 3 the world were coming to an end. A frightening earthquake had begun. In less than one minute, Tangshan lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people 4 lived there were dead or injured. Everywhere survivors looked, there 5 (be) nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. Most of the city’s factories, buildings and homes were gone. People were 6 shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. It was difficult for people 7 (get) water, food and electricity. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who 8 (trap) and to bury the dead. 9 (slow), the city started to breathe again. With strong support from the government and the efforts of the city’s people, the city started to revive itself. Tangshan city has proved to the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the 10 (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 五、写作 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的同班同学李明的家乡遭受台风袭击，请你给他写一封慰问信。内容包括： 1. 对该同学表示关心、慰问和鼓励； 2. 向其提供一些帮助(自由发挥)。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Li Ming, We’re so sorry to hear that a horrible typhoon hit your hometown and that your house is in ruins. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024-2025学年高一上·云南·期中) Caught in a flood Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her anxious and nervous. The wind roared(呼啸) and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, and at the same time Mum was putting their important documents(文件) and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary all of a sudden, “I think we have to leave here right away!” “No!” said Dad loudly, “It’s too late! The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater! Let’s just leave! I’m really frightened!” cried Mary. “We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “or the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time, “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be all right,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice sounded calm, but Mary could tell she was worried, too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad made a decision.___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Finally, the rain came to a stop._______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 Unit 2 Natural disasters(必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与自然灾害以及自救知识相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：了解自然灾害的类型、危害和逃生知识；从文学作品中了解火山爆发导致庞培古城消亡的历史； 思维品质：正确认识自然灾害并学会如何自救； 学习能力：续写关于洪灾的故事；合作完成关于救援方法的信息文件夹。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 [教材原文]Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。 (1)be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤 injure one's self­esteem/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 (2)injury n. 受伤，伤害 serious/severe injury重伤 (3)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured伤员 2. reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 [教材原文]Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。 (1)a reaction to对……的反应 (2)react vi.反应 react to 对……起反应；对……作出回应 [名师点津] a reaction to与react to中的to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语 3. signal vi. & vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 [教材原文]She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 (1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 (2)send out a signal发出信号 pick up a signal接收信号 4. confirm vt. 证实，确认；批准；使确信 [教材原文]After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 confirm that/wh­... 证实…… It has been confirmed that... 已经证实…… confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事 confirm sb. as... 任命某人担任……某职位 5. occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于 [教材原文]It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 sth. occurs to sb.某事主意或想法被某人突然想到 It occurs to sb. that...某人突然想到…… It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想到做某事 [名师点津]表示“发生”的动词(词组)occur, happen, take place, break out等都是不及物动词(词组)，都不能用于被动语态。 6. relief n. 宽慰；轻松；消除，减轻；救济 [教材原文]To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 in relief如释重负；松了口气 to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事令人欣慰。 What a relief！ 终于放心了！ sigh with relief松了口气 [名师点津]to one's relief 意为“使某人欣慰的是”，为了强调，可在to前面加much或者在relief前加great，意为“使某人非常欣慰的是”。有相同用法的词还有surprise, joy, regret等。 7. distance n. 距离；遥远，久远；差异；疏远 [教材原文]At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 in the distance在远处距离很远 at/from a distance从远处，离一段距离不是很远 at a distance of... 在……远的地方 within walking distance 在步行距离之内 keep one's distance from... 与……保持距离 keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离 8. rescue n. & vt. 营救，救援，抢救 [教材原文]Search and rescue robots 搜救机器人 (1)come to the/one's rescue 搭救某人 (2)rescue...from... 从……中/处救…… 9. sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 [教材原文]Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 (1)a sharp knife 锋利的刀 sharp teeth 锋利的牙齿 a sharp increase/fall in prices价格的急剧上涨/下跌 a sharp pain一阵剧痛 have sharp eyes有敏锐的眼睛 a journalist with a sharp mind头脑敏锐的新闻记者 (2)sharply adv. 剧烈地；急剧地；明显地 sharpen vt. & vi.(使)变得锋利 sharpener n. 磨具，削具 10. locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) [教材原文]Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 (1)be located in/on/at位于……，坐落在…… (2)location n. 位置；地点；定位 on location外景拍摄地 单元句型 1. be doing sth. when… [教材原文]Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 地面开始晃动时，弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课。 [句式分析]本句是一个主从复合句；head teacher 为句子主语Alice Brown的同位语；句中含有sb. be doing sth.when...的句式，表示“某人正在做某事，这时……”。 (1)在sb.be doing sth. when ...的句式中，when作并列连词，引出一个突然发生的动作，when相当于and then或and at that time。 (2)类似的表达还有： sb. was on the point of doing... when...某人正要做……这时…… sb. had just done... when...某人刚做完……这时…… sb.was about to do...when...某人正要做……这时…… 2. The moment引导时间状语从句 [教材原文]The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 地震停止的瞬间，布朗女士意识到这是他们逃出教室的最好时机。 (1)以 time 为中心词构成的名词短语：the first time第一次；(the) next time下一次；(the) last time最后一次；every time每次；any time任何时候 (2)the moment/minute/instant/second一……就…… (3)由“年、月、日”“春、夏、秋、冬”构成的名词短语：the year/month/day那年/月/天；the spring/summer/autumn/winter那年春天/夏天/秋天/冬天 3. in case引导目的状语从句 [教材原文]At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士迅速打开教室的门，以防它在晃动中损坏而无法打开。 in case of 万一，如果，防备 in case of emergency 万一发生紧急情况 in that case 既然那样，如果那样的话 in no case 决不，在任何情况下都不 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in many cases 在很多情况下 in most cases 大多数情况下 4. 独立主格结构 [教材原文]Each turned to fly—each running, pressing, pushing against the other. 每个人都转身飞奔起来——人们奔跑着，挤来挤去，推推搡搡。 (1)独立主格结构的构成：名词/主格人称代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。 (2)语法功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等意义。 (3)特点： ·独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同。 ·当名词/代词与动词之间是主谓关系时，用现在分词形式；当名词/代词与动词之间是动宾关系时，用过去分词形式；当表示的是将来的动作时，用不定式形式。 ·可置于句首或句末，多用逗号将其与句子其他成分隔开。 ·在“名词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词前面不用冠词，也不用任何其他修饰成分。 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1. Luckily, the young man was only slightly ________(injure) in the accident. 2. If envy is allowed to grow violently, it’s ________(destroy) to all excellence. 3. There is a great sense of ________(relieve) that nobody was killed or seriously injured in the car accident. 4. The trapped hiker ________(发出信号) wildly for help but unfortunately nobody noticed. 5. A small plane ________(坠毁) into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. 6. The couple ________(拥抱) each other when they heard the exciting news. 7. It is an area where natural ________(灾难) often happen. 8. ________(位置在) on the northeast coast of China, Dalian has a good transport system. 9. A toothache can be ________(无法忍受的), so it's vital to protect your teeth in a proper way. 10. The thief ________(悄悄移到，滑动) into the room without being noticed by anybody. 【答案】 1. injured 2. destructive 3. relief 4. signalled 5. crashed 6. hugged 7. disasters 8. Located 9. unbearable/intolerable 10. slid Ⅱ.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 occur to; at large; safe and sound; keep one’s head; far and wide; run out of; take the form of; break out 1. The police and villagers searched ________________ for the missing boy. 2. The training program I joined last summer ________________ a series of workshops. 3. Much to their parents’ relief, the boys eventually came home, ________________. 4. ________________ how tough it was to begin a new life in a strange city. 5. Mr White can ________________ in any emergency; he is never likely to panic. 【答案】 1. far and wide 2. took the form of 3. safe and sound 4. It never occurred to me 5. keep his head III.完成句子 1. The teacher ________________________ suddenly one of the students fainted.(be doing...when...)  老师正在上课,突然有个学生晕倒了。 2. I’ll take my raincoat ________________________.(in case)  我将带上雨衣,以防下雨。 3. She ________________________ the opportunity if her mother hadn’t insisted on her going.(might)  要不是她的妈妈坚持让她去,她可能就失去这个机会了。 4. ________________________ he had grown up.(occur)  我的儿子突然意识到他已经长大了。 5. The kids ran out of the classroom ________________________.(the moment)  一下课孩子们就跑出了教室。 6. They said goodbye,not knowing that they ________________________ again.(be to)  他们道了别,不知道以后再也不会见面了。 【答案】 1. was giving a lesson when 2. in case it should rain/ rains 3. might have lost 4. It occurred to my son that 5. the moment class was over 6. was never to meet 单元语法 不定式做定语和结果状语 一、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和修饰关系。1. 主谓关系2. 动宾关系。由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。3. 同位关系4. 修饰关系 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语多强调意外的或者不愿意看到的结果，常见于下列句型。 1. so...as to do 2. such...as to do 3. ... enough to do 4. only to do 5. too...to do 注意：too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased，happy, ready等词，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。 【巩固练习】 1. The plum trees are the first ________(flower) even as the snow is melting(融化). 2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________(tell) the film stars had left. 3. The meeting ________(hold) next week is sure to be a great success. 4. I am sorry ________(not write) you a letter at the time. 5. Will you lend him a magazine ________(read)? 6. I’ m going to Xi’an next week. Do you have anything ________(take) to your parents? 7. I lost my way in complete darkness and, ________(make) matters worse, it began to rain. 8. At no time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning,though she is always too busy ________(have) a good rest. 9. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was much too heavy ________(carry) all the way home. 10. In my opinion, he is the right person ________(do) the job. 【答案】 (1) to flower (2) to be told (3) to be held (4) not to have written (5) to read (6) to be taken (7) to make (8) to have (9) to carry (10) to do 单元写作 读后续写是一种将阅读和写作紧密结合的考查形式,旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力。在写作时注意以下几方面的问题: (1)注重故事情节连贯性。读后续写是以读促写,在读懂基础上才能下笔写。理解文章是第一步。阅读文章时要抓住一些关键信息。这些关键信息可能是下文的伏笔。续写的两段,只有和这些伏笔对应,才能写出符合情理的完整故事。 (2)注重故事语言连贯性。读后续写文章往往是一个故事。写作过程中,在时态上要和上文一致。另外,还要关注写作风格的一致性。 (3)深刻理解两个已给句子信息。深刻理解这两个句子有助于对情节的把握,在把握其中的关键信息和线索的基础上才能合理预测情节发展。 典题分析 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her nervous. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away!” “No,” said Dad. “It’s too late! The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater! Let’s just leave! I’m really scared!” cried Mary. “We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be OK,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm, but Mary could tell she was worried too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? All of a sudden, the dinner table moved and the door was forced open. Water poured in. Mary burst out crying. “Upstairs!” Dad ordered. They rushed to the second floor, only to find the whole neighborhood had been surrounded by water. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then they heard a helicopter (直升机) flying in the distance. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Three days later, they returned home and found their house in a mess. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Just then they heard a helicopter(直升机) flying in the distance. Its roar gradually grew louder, bringing a ray of hope in the midst of the chaos. Dad took out a flashlight from the disaster supplies bag, dashed to the window and shone a beam of light through the rain. Soon, the helicopter spotted them and hovered nearby, lowering down a rope ladder. Grasping the ladder firmly, Dad helped his wife and daughter climb up first. As they all were lifted into the air, they breathed a sigh of relief. Three days later, they returned home and found their house in a mess. Muddy water had stained every inch of the once-clean space and the smell of dampness filled the whole house. A wave of sadness washed over them, but they quickly recovered themselves and set out to clean up the mess. Dad handled the mud-covered floors while Mum and Mary sorted through the damaged belongings. They were convinced that as long as they were alive and together, their home would return to its former state and everything was going to be OK. 【语篇解读】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了玛丽一家遭遇连续三日暴雨，城市被淹，家中险象环生。面对涨水，他们试图防御，但最终被迫上楼避难，发现整个社区已被洪水包围。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“就在这时，他们听到远处有一架直升机在飞行。”可知，第一段可以描写直升机前来救援的情景。 ②由第二段句首内容“三天后，他们回到家，发现家里一片狼藉。”可知，第二段可以描写灾难过后家里的情况以及重建家园的决心。 2.续写线索：发现直升机——获得救援——重回家园——一片狼藉——重建家园的决心 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①猛冲：dash/rush ②抓住：grasp/seize ③开始做：set out to do/set about doing 情绪类 ①希望：hope/prospect ②悲伤：sadness/sorrow 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Its roar gradually grew louder, bringing a ray of hope in the midst of the chaos.(运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】As they all were lifted into the air, they breathed a sigh of relief.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 写作迁移： 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Thomas and Christine Noctor have lived and raised their family in the home for three decades. They and their 12-year-old grandson Dean, who lives with them, had most of their personal belongings damaged or destroyed after a fire broke out in Thomas’ home office on Saturday evening. Ally Noctor was in the home with her mother, father, nephew Dean, and brother James when the incident happened. “My mom has COPD(慢性阻寒性肺病) so I said ‘just get out the back’, and she took the dog out the back,” Ally recalled. “My brother came running down looking for a fire extinguisher(灭火器), and my dad was screaming, ‘Fire !’” The fire started in the box room It’s Thomas home office. He’d just done it up. It was clearly an electrical fault but no one thought at the time to turn off the electricity. The room started filling with smoke quickly and they had to leave immediately. The house is located just a short walk away from the fire station. But when neighbors called, the available trucks were already out — so nearly 20 minutes had passed before the fire crew arrived. Thankfully, they managed to prevent the fire from spreading to the attic(阁楼) or to any more homes in the community. The family then went back inside the house to investigate what had happened and survey the damage caused. Dean’s gaming PC was melted, toys were melted, and even the shower was melted. All their clothes couldn’t be taken out. “The downstairs is okay, but there is smoke damage and water damage. And all of the upstairs is completely damaged. My mom is still in shock. She’s just staring into space,” Ally said. But Ally was quick to praise her community, who were right there to help the Noctors get out of the house the moment they sensed trouble and every one of the family got timely help. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置上作答。 Ally ran out the door without shoes on when escaping.____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The temporary house is OK but New Year may be difficult._________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Ally ran out the door without shoes on when escaping. A neighbour offered shoes to her within seconds. Her mom was given a blanket and a cup of tea by another neighbor. Two more neighbors came to help her dad and Ally didn’t even notice when they left. The following day, the family stayed in the next door’s house and all the other neighbors came over to comfort them. The family soon settled in a nearby temporary house. The temporary house is OK but New Year may be difficult. As the fire ruined almost everything in the house, the budget for New Year might be a little bit tighter. They have to save on anything they can and get it to the new house. But they are really lucky to live in a harmonious community. The neighbors come again with all that is needed for a simple family New Year celebration. The family are so grateful that they decide to throw a party for every neighbor when they are back in their house. 【语篇解读】本文以火灾为线索展开，讲述了Ally Noctor家失火了，由于消防车迟到，损失惨重，但幸运的是，阻止了大火蔓延。楼上的东西都烧坏了，他们生活变得很艰难，但是得到邻居的好心救助的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Ally逃跑时没穿鞋就跑了出去。”可知，第一段可描写邻居帮助为Ally提供鞋子，并提供其他帮助。 ②由第二段首句内容“临时的房子还可以，但新年可能会很艰难。”可知，第二段可描写邻居社区热心帮助Ally一家度过难关，Ally家人表示深深感谢。 2.续写线索：提供鞋子——安慰——帮助——度过难关——感谢——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①提供：offer/provide ②帮助：help/aid/assist 情绪类 ①安慰：comfort them/be relieved ②感谢：be thankful/be grateful 【点睛】 [高分句型1]Two more neighbors came to help her dad and Ally didn’t even notice when they left.(运用了连接词when引导的宾语从句作notice的宾语) [高分句型2]They have to save on anything they can and get it to the new house.(运用了省略关系代词的限制性定语从句) 考点1 injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 1. They think that it is a waste of time and we may get ________(injure) in the process. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们认为这是浪费时间，并且我们可能在过程中受伤。根据句中谓语动词“may get”，这里需要一个形容词作表语，“injure”的形容词形式为injured，表示“受伤的”，符合句意。故填injured。 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习)Luckily, the ________(injure) were out of danger and they expressed their heartfelt thanks to the rescuers. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词用法。句意：幸运的是，受伤的人已经脱离危险，并向救援人员表示衷心的感谢。本句为“the+形容词”表示一类人的用法，即the injured表示“受伤的人”，故填injured。 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东·期中)The original complaint against the driver includes a charge for causing a serious bodily ________(injure). 【答案】injury 【详解】考查名词。句意：最初对司机的指控包括造成严重人身伤害的指控。此处作宾语，应用名词injury“(身体上的)伤”，且空前有不定冠词a，应用名词单数形式。故填injury。 4.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东茂名·期中)Though he was ________(injure), he was determined to continue the journey and reach their destination. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然他受伤了，但他决心继续旅行，到达目的地。此处作表语，应用形容词injured“受伤的”。故填injured。 考点2 reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 1. A comedian might tell different jokes depending on audience’s ________(react) to his or her previous jokes. 【答案】reaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：喜剧演员可能会根据观众对他或她之前的笑话的反应来讲不同的笑话。名词所有格audience’s修饰名词，空处需填名词reaction，作宾语，抽象概念，不可数。故填reaction。 2. A spokesman said the changes were not in ________(react) to the company’s recent losses. 【答案】reaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。空处应填名词形式，reaction反应，名词，in reaction to作为对……的反应，故填reaction。 3. I don’t know how the citizens will react ________ the new policy. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我不知道市民们对这项新政策会作何反应。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语react to“对……作出反应”，to是介词。故填to。 考点3 occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 1. Many accidents ________(occur) frequently in this area. 【答案】occur 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这个地区经常发生许多事故。不及物动词occur(发生)作谓语，结合时间状语“frequently”可知，描述经常性发生和事情，用一般现在时态，主语accidents是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填occur。 2. It never occurred ________ him that he would win the first prize. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定短语、介词。句意：他从来没有想到自己会获得一等奖。此处为“occur to sb”是固定短语，意为“(想法、念头等)想起，浮现”，所以此处使用介词to。故填 to。 3. It occurred to him ________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他突然想起第二天上午他要参加一个重要会议。固定句型：It occurred to sb. that……“某人突然想起……”。it是形式主语，空格处引导的主语从句是真正的主语，从句句意完整，成分齐全，故用that引导主语从句。故填that。 4. Cultural differences occur ________ you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and respect them. 【答案】wherever 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论你走到哪里，文化差异都会出现。在参观另一个国家时，你应该意识到这些差异并尊重它们。空处引导的是状语从句。根据you go和When visiting another country可知，这里表示无论你走到哪里，应用wherever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论哪里”。故填wherever。 5. It ________(occur) to me that I could have the book sent to me the other day. 【答案】occurred 【详解】考查时态。句意：我那天想起了可以让别人把书寄给我。本句中的It occurred to sb that…是一个固定句型，意为“某人突然想起……”，根据后文“I could have the book sent to me the other day(那天可以让别人把书寄给我)”可知，这里是在讲述过去的情况，用一般过去时，故填occurred。 考点4 relief n. 宽慰；轻松；消除，减轻；救济 1.You had better take exercise to ________(relief) your pressure. 【答案】relieve 【详解】考查动词原形。句意：你最好通过锻炼来缓解压力。分析句子结构可知，空处作目的状语，需用动词原形relieve与不定式符号to连用，表示“缓解”。故填relieve。 2. When the plane takes off, you had better open your mouth to ________(relief) the pressure on your eardrums. 【答案】relieve 【详解】考查动词。句意：飞机起飞时，你最好张开嘴以缓解耳膜上的压力。空处和to构成不定式，作目的状语，应用relief的动词形式relieve，意为“缓解”，relieve应用原形。故填relieve。 3. ________ relief),Tom sat in the chair and watched TV in the room. 【答案】Relieved 【详解】句意：汤姆松了一口气，坐在椅子上，在房间里看电视。relieved是过去分词转化而来的形容词，作状语的形容词或短语在句中主要用来补充说明句子中的主语、宾语、谓语或整个句子的内容，这里形容词作伴随状语，解释说明主语。V+ed修饰人，而V+ing修饰物，所以填Relieved。 考点5 distance n. 距离；遥远，久远；差异；疏远 1. I have a ________(distance) relative in this small town. 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我在这个小镇上有一个远房亲戚。根据空前不定冠词a和空后名词relative可知，空处应填形容词，作定语，distance为名词，其形容词为distant，意为“远亲的；远房的”。故填distant。 2. The professor wanted to get away from everything, so he moved to a ________(distance) land. 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：教授想要远离一切，所以他搬到了一个遥远的地方。修饰名词land，需用形容词distant，作定语。故填distant。 3. The sound of the cheering faded away ________ the distance. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：欢呼声在远处渐渐消失了。in the distance“在远处”，故填in。 考点6 rescue n. & vt. 营救，救援，抢救 1. He was about to give up when they came ________ his rescue. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：他们来救他时，他正要放弃。come to one’s rescue是固定短语，意为“来营救某人”。故填to。 2. Louise’s dream of finding the ________(rescue) came true and now that she’d reunited with them, she hoped to stay connected forever. 【答案】rescuers 【详解】考查名词。句意：路易斯找到救援人员的梦想实现了，现在她已经和他们团聚了，她希望永远保持联系。此处应用名词rescuer作宾语，表示“救援人员”，由them可知，救援人员不止一个，应用复数，故填rescuers。 3. Tom ________(rescue) a boy from the river on his way home. 【答案】rescued 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：Tom在回家的路上从河里救起一个男孩。结合句意以及“on his way home”可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，谓语动词rescue使用一般过去时，故填rescued。 考点7 locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) 1. ________(locate) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Iceland has a population of around 340,000, most of ________ live in and around the capital, Reykjavik. 【答案】Located; whom 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：冰岛位于北大西洋，人口约34万，其中大部分居住在首都雷克雅未克及其周边地区。be located in“位于”，第一空应使用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写；第二空和空前的most of引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a population of around 340,000，指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词whom。故填①Located②whom。 2. It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which ________(locate) in the center of the city. 【答案】is located 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：人们更方便到达坐落在市中心的上海博物馆。定语从句陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。关系词替代先行词，Shanghai Museum是先行词，关系词which在后面的定语从句中作主语，和locate之间是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且be动词用is。be located in...意为“坐落在……”。故答案为is located。 考点8 be doing sth. when… 1.Henry is walking down the street. He sees a sign for a barber’s shop.(用be doing. . . when. . . 结构合并句子) →________________________________________________ 【答案】Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a barber’s shop 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：亨利正在沿着街道走。他看见了一个理发店的标志。根据提示可知此处考查固定句型be doing…when…正在做某事突然……，故改写为：Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a barber’s shop。 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·贵州遵义·阶段练习)I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.(be doing.....when...)(根据提示进行仿写) ________________________________________________ 【答案】I was reading a book in the library when I saw my friend walk in. 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我正在看公告板上的照片，这时我听到身后有个声音。原句划线部分使用固定句型be doing…when…，表示“正在做某事这时……”，可仿写句子“我正在图书馆看书，这时我看到我的朋友走进来。”，句子描述过去的情况，第一个分句用过去进行时，第二个分句用一般过去时；主语是I，“看到某人做某事”see sb. do sth.，动词使用过去式形式saw，“我的朋友”my friend，“走进来”walk in。故答案为I was reading a book in the library when I saw my friend walk in. 3. Henry is walking down the street. At that time, he sees a sign of a place to get a haircut.(用be doing. . . when. . .) ________________________________________________ 【答案】Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign of a place to get a haircut. 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：亨利正在街上走。这时，他看到一个理发的地方。根据题目要求可知，此处用固定句型be doing. . . when. . .来改写，即把原句第二句改为when he sees a sign of a place to get a haircut；故答案为Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign of a place to get a haircut. 考点9 in case引导目的状语从句 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case ________ a real fire. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：许多人不知道万一发生真正的火灾该怎么办。“in case of”是固定短语，意为“万一，如果”，此处符合语境要求，用于引出假设的情况，即发生真正火灾的情况。故填of。 2.We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.(句型转换) →________________________ that goes against the interests of people.(倒装句) 【答案】In no case should we do anything 【详解】考查部分倒装句。句意：在任何情况下，我们都不应该做违背人民利益的事情。否定词in no case 置于句首，句子部分倒装，将should提至主语we之前。故填In no case should we do anything。 考点10 独立主格结构 1.老师手里拿着一本书走进教室。 ①The teacher entered the classroom, ________________________.(with复合结构) ②The teacher entered the classroom, ________________________.(独立主格结构) 【答案】①with a book in his hand; ②book in hand 【详解】考查with的复合结构和独立主格结构。表示“一本书”应用a book；表示“手里拿着”应用in his hand，“with+名词+介词短语”为固定用法，此处为with的复合结构，作状语，应填with a book in his hand；表示“书”应用book；表示“在手里”应用in hand，独立主格结构“名词/代词+介词短语”构成，横线处指“手里拿着一本书”，为伴随动作，应填book in hand。故填①with a book in his hand；②book in hand。 2. But he still refused to look at me, and his face was buried in his arms with a whispered “no”. →But he still refused to look at me, ________________________ with a whispered “no”. (现在分词作状语) →But he still refused to look at me, ________________________ with a whispered “no”. (with复合结构) →But he still refused to look at me, ________________________ with a whispered “no”. (独立主格结构) 【答案】①burying his face in his arms; ②with his face buried in his arms; ③his face buried in his arms 【详解】①考查非谓语动词。句意：但他仍然拒绝看我一眼，他的脸埋在他的臂弯里，低声说“不”。表示“把他的脸埋在他的臂弯里”用bury his face in his arms，本句谓语为refused，此处为非谓语动词，且he与bury“埋”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填burying his face in his arms。 ②考查with复合结构。句意：但他仍然拒绝看我一眼，他的脸埋在他的臂弯里，低声说“不”。with复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”；用his face“他的脸”作宾语；表示“埋在他的臂弯里”用bury...in his arms，his face与动词bury为被动关系，用过去分词，作宾补。故填with his face buried in his arms。 ③考查独立主格结构。句意：但他仍然拒绝看我一眼，他的脸埋在他的臂弯里，低声说“不”。表示“埋在他的臂弯里”用bury...in his arms。按照要求用独立主格结构，本句谓语为refused，名词his face“他的脸”与动词bury为被动关系，用过去分词，构成独立主格结构。故填his face buried in his arms。 一、阅读理解 (2024-2025学年高一上·河北衡水·阶段练习)In a natural disaster--a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technologies to predict(预测) when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how to best analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained. On September 29th, 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with heavy rain and winds up to 160 km per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean. This was a very different result from 1900’s, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct attack on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people. Vastly improved hurricane warning systems at the end of the 20th century explained the different circumstances -residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions(预防措施). At the same time people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, but some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied. A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were prediction that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans. Emergency management officials must begin to arrange evacuation well before a storm struck. But evacuation cost money. The mayor of New Orleans estimated(估计) that his city’s preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs. The different views on the early warning of Hurricane Georges show some of the complexity (复杂性) related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information for the government officials and other decision-makers who must respond to those predictions. 1. What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the text? A. To save people’s lives. B. To find out the cause of disasters. C. To prevent natural disasters from happening. D. To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction. 2. In which area did a hurricane cause the most deaths? A. Biloxi. B. New Orleans. C. Galveston. D. Puerto Rico. 3. Why were the people of New Orleans unsatisfied? A. Their preparations were made in vain. B. They suffered a heavy hurricane attack. C. The hurricane warning arrived rather late. D. The forecast hurricane did not hit the city. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The different ways of disaster prediction. B. Technological advances in disaster prediction. C. The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction. D. The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是灾难预测的重要性和不确定性，灾害预测是为了挽救人们的生命，但目前技术还有局限性。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In a natural disaster—a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technologies to predict (预测) when and where disasters will happen.(在自然灾害中——飓风、洪水、火山爆发或其他灾难——几分钟甚至几秒钟的预警可以决定生死。正因为如此，科学家们正在努力使用最新的技术来预测灾难发生的时间和地点。)”可知，几秒钟的预警就可以影响生死，因此科学家们正努力将最新的技术用于灾害预测，由此可知灾害预测的目的是挽救人们的生命。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean.(美国墨西哥湾沿岸几乎没有人丧生，尽管加勒比海地区有数百人死亡。)”以及第三段中“This was a very different result from 1900’s, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct attack on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people.(这与20世纪90年代的结果截然不同，当时一场强大的墨西哥湾飓风出人意料地直接袭击了德克萨斯州的Galveston，造成至少6000人死亡。)”可知，Galveston的死亡人数最多。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were prediction that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans. Emergency management officials must begin to arrange evacuation well before a storm struck. But evacuation cost money. The mayor of New Orleans estimated (估计) that his city’s preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.(在飓风乔治登陆前一天，预报员预测该飓风有很大可能袭击新奥尔良。应急管理官员必须在风暴来袭前很久就开始安排疏散。但疏散需要花费资金。新奥尔良市长估算，他的城市为应对飓风乔治所做的准备工作耗资超过5000万美元。在飓风乔治最终未袭击新奥尔良后，面对如此高昂的成本，一些居民开始质疑飓风预报的价值。)”可知，天气预报员说飓风很可能会袭击新奥尔良，因此新奥尔良市花了很多钱安排疏散，但飓风乔治并没有袭击新奥尔良，因而市民因他们所做的徒劳的准备而不满。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In a natural disaster—a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technologies to predict (预测) when and where disasters will happen.(在自然灾害中——飓风、洪水、火山爆发或其他灾难——几分钟甚至几秒钟的预警可以决定生死。正因为如此，科学家们正在努力使用最新的技术来预测灾难发生的时间和地点。)”和最后一段“The different views on the early warning of Hurricane Georges show some of the complexity (复杂性) related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information for the government officials and other decision-makers who must respond to those predictions.(对飓风乔治早期预警的不同看法显示了灾害预测的复杂性。灾害预测是一个为政府官员和其他决策者提供科学信息的过程，他们必须对这些预测做出反应。)”可知，本文主要讲的是灾难预测的重要性和复杂性，以及与之相关的准备工作和人们的不同看法，因此本文的主旨大意是D选项“The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction.(灾害预测的重要性和不确定性。)”。故选D。 二、七选五 As my husband and I drove down a country road, we passed a fire station with a sign that read. “Are you ready for the next storm?” Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed trees and power off. 1 We have had our share of storms in the past — a snowstorm and other heavy snows that knocked down trees, sometimes up to a week at a time. Those days weren’t fun, but we learned so much from those early storms. It made later storms easier to bear. 2 We bought a battery-operated radio to keep up with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. 3 We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand. We’re ready for the next storm, but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t faced a storm in the past. The same is true spiritually. Those little storms in our lives are never fun, but they prepare us for the big trials coming to us. 4 Are you ready for the next storm? 5 A. Thanks to all those storms. B. They can teach us some valuable lessons. C. Now is the time to get ready. D. How long do you think this storm will last? E. We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world. F. Now we have stored as many necessities as possible in case of potential storms. G. And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! 【答案】1. E 2. F 3. G 4. B 5. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫在面对过去和未来的风暴时所做的准备，并强调了过去的风暴为他们提供了宝贵的经验，使他们能够更好地面对未来的挑战。 1. 由上文“Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed trees and power off  (我们所在的地区刚刚经过飓风“Irma”的必经之路，导致树木被吹倒，电力中断。)”可知，本空要说跟“飓风导致的断电的后果”有关的话题，故E选项“We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world.(我们被困在黑暗中，与外界隔绝)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 2. 由下文“We bought a battery-operated radio to keep up with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill.(我们买了一台电池供电的收音机来收听新闻。我们储备了电池，这样我们就有足够的电池来应对长时间的停电。我们确保我们的烧烤架已经准备好了，它的水箱是满的，我们购买的食物可以很容易地准备，然后在烤架上烹饪或加热。)”可知，作者一家为潜在的风暴做了很多准备，故F选项“Now we have stored as many necessities as possible in case of potential storms.(现在，我们已经储存了尽可能多的必需品，以防潜在的风暴。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选F。 3. 由下文“We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand.(我们有书灯在黑暗中阅读。我们的汽车油箱总是满的，手头也有应急现金。)”可知，下文准备的物品不是生活必需品，故G选项“And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! (我们没忘了买应急巧克力！)”以轻松幽默的方式补充了家庭为应对未来风暴所做的物资储备，体现了即便在准备严肃事务时也不忘生活情趣的态度，能引起下文，符合题意。故选G。 4. 由上文“We’re ready for the next storm, but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t faced a storm in the past. The same is true spiritually. Those little storms in our lives are never fun, but they prepare us for the big trials coming to us.(我们已经为下一场风暴做好了准备，但如果我们过去没有遇到风暴，我们就不会学会做所有这些事情。精神上也是如此。我们生活中的那些小风暴从来都不是有趣的，但它们让我们为即将到来的重大考验做好了准备。)”可知，本空要说跟“遇到风暴的好处”有关的话题，故B选项“They can teach us some valuable lessons.(它们可以给我们一些宝贵的教训。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 5. 由上文“Are you ready for the next storm? (你准备好迎接下一场风暴了吗？)”可知，本空要承接上文，告诉读者如果没有准备好现在就要行动，故C选项“Now is the time to get ready.(现在是准备的时候了。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。 三、完形填空 (2024-2025学年高一上·广东广州·阶段练习)The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins. I had no choice but to walk home as all the 1 had stopped as a result of the quake. On my way home I 2 an old lady at a bakery(烘焙店) giving out free bread, which made my heart 3 . A man was holding a sign saying, “please use our 4 . ” He was opening his house for people to go to the toilet. Then the next day I drove to have my car 5 . There was not enough 6 now and many gas stations were either closed or had very 7 lines. I got worried, since I was behind fifteen cars. Finally, when my 8 came, the man smiled and said. “Because of this situation, we are only giving $30 worth of gas per person. Is that all right? ” “Of course. It’s nice that we are all able to 9 , ” I said. His smile gave me so much comfort. At the shelter center I saw a man 10 when people brought food to him. It was the first time in three days that food had been 11 there. However, after he dried the tears, his next 12 surprised me. “I am very 13 that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us haven’t 14 any food at all. Please go to that center as well. ” Hearing that, I realized there was a bright future on the other side of this 15 . 1. A. lift B. business C. help D. traffic 2. A. saw B. missed C. rescued D. caught 3. A. kind B. broken C. warm D. empty 4. A. bedroom B. bathroom C. living room D. kitchen 5. A. cleaned up B. washed away C. filled up D. swept away 6. A. gas B. information C. food D. water 7. A. direct B. fine C. long D. short 8. A. time B. turn C. order D. decision 9. A. share B. offer C. learn D. choose 10. A. crying B. eating C. smiling D. singing 11. A. brought B. stored C. left D. kept 12. A. ways B. roles C. words D. promises 13. A. sure B. grateful C. surprised D. proud 14. A. cooked B. wasted C. prepared D. received 15. A. disaster B. chance C. city D. center 【答案】 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了地震后，作者在城市遇到的暖心的人和事。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于地震，所有的交通都停止了，我别无选择，只能步行回家。A. lift电梯；B. business生意；C. help帮助；D. traffic交通。根据上文“The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins.”以及“I had no choice but to walk home”可知，地震发生后，城市成了废墟，所有交通都停止了。故选D。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我看到一位老太太在面包店分发免费面包，这让我感到很温暖。A. saw看见；B. missed错过；C. rescued救援；D. caught抓住。根据下文“an old lady at a bakery (烘焙店) giving out free bread”可知，此处表示作者在回家途中看到了老太太的善行。故选A。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我看到一位老太太在面包店分发免费面包，这让我感到很温暖。A. kind善良的；B. broken破碎的；C. warm温暖的；D. empty空的。根据上文“On my way home I ___2___ an old lady at a bakery (烘焙店) giving out free bread,”可知，老太太在面包店分发免费面包这样的行为让作者感到很温暖。故选C。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个男人举着一个牌子写着：“请使用我们的卫生间。”A. bedroom卧室；B. bathroom卫生间；C. living room客厅；D. kitchen厨房。根据下文“He was opening his house for people to go to the toilet.”可知，此处表示人们可以去这个男人的家上厕所，推测牌子上写的是请使用卫生间。故选B。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天，我开车去给车加满油。A. cleaned up清理；B. washed down冲洗掉；C. filled up装满；D. swept away清除掉。根据下文“There was not enough ___6___ now and many gas stations were either closed or had very ___7___ lines.”可知，此处表示作者去开车加油。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在没有足够的汽油，许多加油站要么关闭，要么排起了长队。A. gas汽油；B. information信息；C. food食物；D. water水。根据下文“and many gas stations were either closed or had very ___7___ lines.”以及“Because of this situation, we are only giving $30 worth of gas per person.”可知，许多加油站已经关闭了，推测此处表示现在没有足够的汽油。故选A。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在没有足够的汽油，许多加油站要么关闭，要么排起了长队。A. direct直接的；B. fine好的；C. long长的；D. short短的。根据下文“I got worried, since I was behind fifteen cars.”可推知，此处表示加油站排起了长队。故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，轮到我的时候，那人笑着说：“因为这种情况，我们每人只给30美元的汽油。可以吗？”A. time时间；B. turn轮次；C. order命令；D. decision决定。根据下文“the man smiled and said, “Because of this situation, we are only giving $30 worth of gas per person. Is that all right?” ”以及语境可知，此时作者在排队加油，当轮到作者时，工作人员与他交谈。故选B。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当然可以。很高兴我们都能分享，”我说。A. share分享；B. offer提供；C. learn学习；D. choose选择。根据上文“Because of this situation, we are only giving $30 worth of gas per person.”以及“Of course. It’s nice that we are all able to”可知，作者同意了工作人员只加30美元汽油的做法，由此可知，此处表示当汽油有限时，人们在分享有限的资源。故选A。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在避难中心，我看到一个男子在人们给他带来食物时哭了。A. crying哭；B. eating吃；C. smiling微笑；D. singing唱歌。根据下文“However, after he dried the tears, ”可知，此处表示这个男子哭了。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是三天来第一次有人把食物送到那里。A. brought带来；B. stored储存；C. left离开；D. kept保持。根据上文“At the shelter center I saw a man ___10___ when people brought food to him.”可知，此处表示食物被带到避难中心。故选A。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他擦干眼泪后，他接下来的话让我感到惊讶。A. ways方式；B. roles角色；C. words话语；D. promises承诺。根据下文“I am very ___13___ that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us haven’t ___14___ any food at all. Please go to that center as well.”可知，此处表示这个男子接下来说的话让作者感到惊讶。故选C。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常感激我们有食物。A. sure确定的；B. grateful感激的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. proud骄傲的。根据上文“At the shelter center I saw a man ___10___ when people brought food to him.”以及语境可知，得到食物后，这名男子哭了，他感到非常感激。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们隔壁城市的人根本没有收到任何食物。A. cooked烹饪；B. wasted浪费；C. prepared准备；D. received接收，收到。根据下文“Please go to that center as well.”可推知，此处表示隔壁城市的人们还没有得到食物援助。故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听到这些，我意识到在这个城市的另一方面有一个光明的未来。A. disaster灾难；B. chance机会；C. city城市；D. center中心。根据上文“But people in the city next to us haven’t ___14___ any food at all.”以及语境可知，此处表示在这个城市会有光明的未来。故选C。 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024-2025学年高一上·广东揭阳·阶段练习)Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. There was something wrong with wells. Chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields 1 (look) for places to hide. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises were heard. However, people were asleep as usual. At 3:42 a.m., everything 2 (begin) to shake. It seemed as 3 the world were coming to an end. A frightening earthquake had begun. In less than one minute, Tangshan lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people 4 lived there were dead or injured. Everywhere survivors looked, there 5 (be) nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. Most of the city’s factories, buildings and homes were gone. People were 6 shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. It was difficult for people 7 (get) water, food and electricity. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who 8 (trap) and to bury the dead. 9 (slow), the city started to breathe again. With strong support from the government and the efforts of the city’s people, the city started to revive itself. Tangshan city has proved to the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the 10 (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 【答案】 1. looking 2. began 3. if/though 4. who/that 5. was 6. in 7. to get 8. were trapped 9. Slowly 10. wisdom 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1976年7月28日河北唐山发生地震的事件，震前有诸多异常现象，地震造成巨大破坏，人员伤亡惨重，但人们没有失去希望，军队及时救援，之后城市逐渐恢复了生机。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：老鼠跑出田野寻找藏身之处。句子主干成分完整，空处的行为和谓语行为同时发生，作伴随状语，look for“寻找”和Mice逻辑上是主动关系，因此look应用现在分词形式。故填looking。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃。空处作句子的谓语，根据“At 3:42 a.m.”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填began。 3. 考查表语从句。句意：似乎世界末日就要来临了。空后为使用了虚拟语气的完整句子，结合“It seemed as”可知，应用as if或as though“似乎，好像”引导表语从句。故填if/though。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that作引导词。故填who/that。 5. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：幸存者放眼望去，到处都是废墟。此处为there be句型，根据“Everywhere survivors looked”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词单复数和主语nothing but ruins中的nothing保持一致，因此be动词用was。故填was。 6. 考查介词。句意：人们都很震惊——然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一场大地震。in shock是固定短语，意为“震惊，惊愕”，作表语。故填in。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们很难获得水、食物和电。根据“It was difficult for people”可知，此处用固定句型“it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”表示“于某人而言做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填to get。 8. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：地震发生后不久，军队派士兵到唐山去挖出被困的人并埋葬死者。空处作who引导的定语从句的谓语，先行词为those，关系代词在从句中作主语，结合“the army sent soldiers”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，trap“把……困在，使限于”和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数概念，be动词应用were。故填were trapped。 9. 考查副词。句意：慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。空处修饰整个句子，应用slow的副词形式slowly，意为“慢慢地”，作状语，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Slowly。 10. 考查名词。句意：唐山市向世界证明，在灾难时刻，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极的态度，重建美好的未来。空处作show的宾语，应用wise的名词形式wisdom，意为“智慧”，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。 五、写作 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的同班同学李明的家乡遭受台风袭击，请你给他写一封慰问信。内容包括： 1. 对该同学表示关心、慰问和鼓励； 2. 向其提供一些帮助(自由发挥)。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Li Ming, We’re so sorry to hear that a horrible typhoon hit your hometown and that your house is in ruins. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Li Ming, We’re so sorry to hear that a horrible typhoon hit your hometown and that your house is in ruins. We’re filled with deep sorrow. Please convey our sympathies to your family. Thinking about your present situation, we are all willing to help you. If there is anything we can do, please tell us. We believe that with the help of so many kind people, a better house can be rebuilt, and we can go through difficulties. We all miss you, and hope you’ll be back soon. Don’t worry about your schoolwork as we will make up the lessons for you. Most importantly, take care of yourself! Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于慰问信。要求考生就同学李明的家乡遭受台风袭击这一事件，向他表达关心、慰问和鼓励，并提供一些帮助。 【详解】1.词汇积累 悲伤：sorrow → grief/sadness 帮助：help → assist/aid 重建：rebuild → reconstruct 因为：as → because 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We’re filled with deep sorrow. 拓展句：We’re filled with deep sorrow, knowing that you and your family are going through such a difficult time. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]If there is anything we can do, please tell us.(运用了从属连词if引导条件状语从句) [高分句型2]We believe that with the help of so many kind people, a better house can be rebuilt, and we can go through difficulties together.(运用了连接词that引导宾语从句) [高分句型3]Don’t worry about your schoolwork as we will make up the lessons for you.(运用了从属连词as引导原因状语从句) 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024-2025学年高一上·云南·期中) Caught in a flood Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her anxious and nervous. The wind roared(呼啸) and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, and at the same time Mum was putting their important documents(文件) and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum, Dad,” said Mary all of a sudden, “I think we have to leave here right away!” “No!” said Dad loudly, “It’s too late! The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater! Let’s just leave! I’m really frightened!” cried Mary. “We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “or the moving water could wash the car away!” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time, “The water may flood in!” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be all right,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice sounded calm, but Mary could tell she was worried, too. Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad made a decision.___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Finally, the rain came to a stop._______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad made a decision. They believed that they should stay in the house. They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk through the water to get to higher ground. “Mary, we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there,” said Mum. “OK, Mum, if that’s what you think is best ...” Mary replied uncertainly. So they went upstairs and waited. Downstairs, water started flooding into the living room and kitchen. All three of them were nervous, but at least they had disaster supplies, including food and drinking water. Finally, the rain came to a stop. But Mary and her family couldn’t leave while the house was still flooded. They listened to the radio and learned that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were trapped in their homes. They waited for a boat to arrive at their house. Fortunately, about half an hour later, the rescue workers in a boat discovered them and took them to a safe place in time. Their house had been badly damaged, but they were all happy to be still alive. While life is full of uncertainties, there is always hope! 【语篇解读】本文以人物和洪水为线索展开，讲述了玛丽与父母困于家中，窗外暴雨连绵三日未歇，风暴之猛烈前所未见，令她深感焦虑，父亲听闻电台播报城市已遭洪水侵袭，母亲则忙着准备应急物品，玛丽提议立即撤离，但父母认为为时已晚且驾车穿越洪水危险重重，拒绝了她的建议，为防洪水涌入，父亲用餐桌堵住门口，并安慰受到惊吓的玛丽，尽管他自己也显得十分担忧，一家人紧紧相拥，面对着未知的危机。。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“经过简短的讨论，爸爸妈妈做了一个决定。”可知，第一段可描写父母的决定是什么以及接下来洪水的情况。 ②由第二段首句内容“终于，雨停了。”可知，第二段可描写雨停后一家人等待救援并在最后被救援人员发现获救以及对生活的感悟——虽然生活充满了不确定性，但总会有希望。 2.续写线索：决定去屋内地势高的地方——洪水涌入——雨停——等待救援——被发现并获救——人生感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①涌入：flooding into/crowd into/ swarm into ②被困：were trapped in/be stuck in ③到达：arrive at/get to/ reach 情绪类 ①紧张：nervous/stressed/tense/anxious ②高兴：happy/pleased/glad 【点睛】 [高分句型1]They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk through the water to get to higher ground.(运用了“it作形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正主语”结构) [高分句型2]They listened to the radio and learned that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were trapped in their homes.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型3]While life is full of uncertainties, there is always hope!(运用了while引导的让步状语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$