第01讲 必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance教材知识新课预习-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

第01讲 Unit 1 Nature in the balance(必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用环境保护相关的词汇；探究归纳省略这一语法现象的规则并在语境中正确使用；完成一篇号召人们保护动物的校报文章； 文化意识：了解热带雨林、动物保护的相关知识，培养人和自然和谐相处的意识； 思维品质：掌握纪录片脚本和电视访谈节目脚本的结构和行文特征，学会分辨观点和论据并创造性地表达自己的观点； 学习能力：小组合作，制作关于环境问题的小册子。 单元知识点 单元单词 1. harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害 [教材原文]The human race has done much harm. 人类已经造成了很多危害。 (1)do harm to对……有害 do more harm than good弊大于利 mean (sb.) no harm没有恶意 (2)harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to对……有害 (3)harmless adj.无害的 be harmless to对……无害 2. variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 [教材原文]The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 (1)a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 (2)vary vi.相异；变化 vary in在……方面不同 vary with随……而变化 vary according to根据……而变化 vary from...to...从……到……变化 vary from place to place因地而异 vary from person to person因人而异 (3)various adj.各种各样的 3. mass n. 团，块，堆；大量，一大群adj.大批的，广泛的 [教材原文]Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那之上，大量落叶散落在昏暗的雨林地面上。 (1)mass production批量生产 the mass market大众市场 the mass media大众传媒 (2)a mass of/masses of大量的 the mass of...……中的大多数 the masses群众 [名师点津] a mass of/masses of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“a mass of/masses of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后的名词保持一致。 4. survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难 [教材原文] While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 (1)survive on靠……生存 struggle to survive为了生存而挣扎 survive the attack/earthquake在袭击/地震中幸免于难 survive the crisis渡过危机 survive sb. by...比某人多活…… (2)survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 5. impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击 [教材原文]As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ (1)have/make an impact on对……有影响 have no impact on对……没有影响 (2)impact on/upon (对……)产生影响 (3)have an effect/influence on对……有影响 have no effect on对……没有影响 (4)make a difference (to) (对……)有影响 make no difference (to)(对……)没有影响，没有作用 6. profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处 [教材原文]People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.人们往往将工厂与黑烟滚滚的照片和急于牟取暴利的不负责任的商人联系起来。 (1)a big/huge profit 巨额利润 a quick profit暴利 a good profit可观的利润 a healthy/handsome/tidy profit一大笔利润 a small/modest profit微薄的利润 make/turn/earn a profit赚取利润 (2)profit by/from从……中受益；靠……获利 (3)profitable adj.赢利的；有利润的 7. defence n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 [教材原文]In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。 (1)in defence of为保卫……；为……作辩护 in one's defence为某人辩护 a defence against对……的防御物 flood defences防洪设施 (2)defend vi.& vt.保护，防护；防卫 defend... against/from...保卫……免受…… 8. consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性 (1)as a consequence ＝ in consequence＝ as a result结果，因此 as a consequence of ＝ in consequence of＝ as a result of作为……的结果 take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.)承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果 of little/no consequence不重要的，无足轻重的 (2)consequent adj.随之发生的 consequently adv.结果，因此 单元短语 1. in turn相应地，转而；依次 [教材原文]These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 take turns轮流 take turns to do sth.＝take turns (in) doing sth.轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。 by turns轮流，交替 take a turn for the worse/better (情况)恶化/好转 2. break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；发生故障；失败 [教材原文]When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 当美洲豹死后，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质返还给土壤。 break out (疾病、战争、火灾等)突然开始；爆发 break in强行进入；插话，打断 break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑、哭等) break through突围；突破 break up解散；(关系)破裂 break off折断；断开；中断 3. due to因为，由于 [教材原文]Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。 due adj.到期的；预期的 be due to do sth.预计要做某事 [名师点津] due to常作状语和表语，一般不位于句首 owing to常作状语和表语 thanks to常作状语，通常指好的方面 because of常作状语 4. get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 [教材原文]The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of. 空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。 rid v.摆脱；除去 be rid of摆脱 rid oneself of...使自己从……中解脱 单元句型 1. 倍数关系句型 [教材原文]With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林面积约为600万平方千米，面积超过中国国土面积的一半。 [句式分析]此句是一个简单句，句中more than half the size of含有倍数表达。 英语里常见的倍数表达法： (1)A is＋倍数＋ the size/weight/height/length/width...＋of B (2)A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as B (3)A is＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than B (4)A is＋倍数＋what从句 [名师点津] 两倍用twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。 2. 表语+谓语+主语的倒装句 [教材原文]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 今晚来到我们广播室的有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、当地一家工厂的高级经理文森特·布朗以及诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。 为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可把介词短语、形容词或分词提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语全部倒装。 【巩固练习】 I.写出适当的单词 1. With the changes in the world's climate, dinosaurs died, while many smaller animals lived on, which was the ________(survive) of the fittest. 2. At that time, people were divided geographically, leading to ________(vary) of dialects and characters. 3. Simon’s latest book provides a brief outline of artificial intelligence and its ________(apply) to robotics. 4. The production of coffee beans is a huge and ________(profit) business, but full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. 5. Faced with invasion, they responded at once and rose as one man in ________(defend) of their motherland. 6. Cottage industries have sprung up in many developing nations to search for the ________(recycle) and precious metals inside the waste. 7. Many species are in danger of ________(extinct) because of our destruction of their natural habitats. 8. With the rapid ________(economy) development, China plays a more and more important role on the international stage. 9. If she had been aware that the mushroom was ________(poison), she would not have picked it back. 10. The world’s tropical forests are ________(appear) at an even faster rate than experts have ever thought. 【答案】 1. survival 2. varieties 3. application 4. profitable 5. defence 6. recyclable 7. extinction 8. economic 9. poisonous 10. disappearing Ⅱ.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 in turn; break down; breathe life into; spring to mind; come up with; get rid of; give rise to 1. The latest results of their research have ________________ the depressing market. 2. The illustration in the textbook have ________________ negative comments in a large scale. 3. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ________________ creates more problems. 4. Peace talks between the two countries have ________________ with no agreement reached. 5. While he was looking through the papers, a brilliant idea ________________. 【答案】 1. breathed life into 2. given rise to 3. in turn 4. broken down 5.sprang to mind III.完成句子 1. ________________________, she continued to carry out her duties.(even though)  尽管她身体很不舒服,她依然坚持履行她的职责。 2.The boy always sleeps ________________________.(with复合结构)  那个男孩总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。 3.When a dog attacked me,I picked up a stick ________________________myself.(defence)  当一条狗袭击我时,我拿起一根棍子自卫。 4. ________________________, he says, there could not be better time to go into advertising.(consequence)  因此,他说,这是进入广告行业的绝佳时机。 5.There was a terrible accident, ________________________.(分词作结果状语)  有一起严重的事故,引发了交通堵塞。 【答案】 1. Even though she was in poor health 2. with his head on his arms 3. in defence of 4. As a consequence 5. thus causing the traffic jam 单元语法 省略 1.状语从句中的省略 在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless等连接的状语从句中，若从句中的主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。 2. 定语从句中的省略 ① 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词whom, which, that可省略； ② 修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。 3. 宾语从句中的省略 及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 4.动词不定式的省略 ① 使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略； ② 介词but, except (除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to； ③ 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。 【巩固练习】 单句语法填空 (1)Once ________(addict) to online games, teenagers are harmed both physically and mentally. (2)There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but ________(wait). (3)Film has a much shorter history, especially when ________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. (4)Xiaoming must have been playing football at that time, and his sister ________(play) the piano. (5)He believes it important to study rather than ________(play) computer games. (6)At the age of twenty he left his hometown, ________(determine) not to return without achieving his goal. (7)It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If ________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately. (8)When the city of Pompeii was dug from its resting place, its walls were fresh as if ________(paint) yesterday. (9)Many kids have the habit of sucking their thumbs, which can cause lifelong problems if ________(treat). (10)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________(carry) out regularly, can improve our health. 【答案】 (1)addicted (2) to wait (3) compared (4) playing (5) to play (6)determined (7) so (8) painted (9) untreated (10) carried 单元写作 写一篇号召人们保护动物的演讲稿 1.写作结构： 首段点明演讲稿的主题：保护动物 主体段落写演讲的具体的内容 最后总结发出倡议,点明演讲主题. 2.常用表达： 开头常用语 1. My name is ...Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation. I shall be speaking about ...我的名字是……今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是…… 2. Good morning, everyone! It is my great honour to share with you my opinions on ...大家上午好！我很荣幸能和你们分享我对……的看法。 3. It's my honour to stand here and say something about...我很荣幸站在这里谈一些关于……的事情。 主体部分常用语 1. As far as I am concerned, I think it is a good idea to ...就我而言，我认为……是一个好主意。 2. The reason why the wild animals are endangered is that...野生动物濒临灭绝的原因是…… 3. It is of great consequence to protect...保护……是很重要的。 结尾常用语 1. Thanks for your listening (to my speech). 感谢大家倾听我的演讲。 2. That's all I want to say about this point.关于这一点，我就讲这些。 典题分析 假定你是李华，你校将举行演讲比赛。请以“Protect the Endangered Animals”为题写一篇发言稿，以呼吁人们采取行动，保护濒危动物。内容如下： 1. 如今野生动物的种类和数量日益减少，有些动物甚至已经濒临灭绝； 2. 造成野生动物濒临灭绝的起因：人类活动、动物栖息地被破坏、野生动物的大量猎杀以及全球变暖等； 3. 针对目前情况提出相应措施。 注意：词数80左右。 审题谋篇： 定体裁 应用文 定人称 第一、三人称为主 定时态 一般现在时为主 定要点定结构 开头：演讲主题(保护濒危动物) 主体：主题内容(濒危动物的现状、原因以及保护措施) 结尾：总结演讲(呼吁人们采取行动) 【参考范文】 Dear friends， Please allow me to make a speech about Protect the Endangered Animals. Some animals are facing extinction nowadays. Their species and numbers are declining，which is concerning. There are many factors contributing to the current situation. Firstly, human activities like cutting down trees or building factories or houses are destroying animals' habitats. Secondly, to make profits, many animals are killed. Lastly, global warming is also a real threat. What is vital and urgent is that we should take measures to protect the endangered animals. We should protect the forests and try to live a lowcarbon life to reduce the air pollution. Let's act and many hands make light work. That's all I want to say about this point. Thanks for your listening. 写作迁移 假如你是李华，请你写一封倡议信，向你校全体同学倡议保护野生动物。内容包括： 1. 发起倡议； 2. 给出几点具体的建议(自由发挥)。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 倡议书的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Boys and girls, I’m Li Hua. I am appealing to everyone to protect the wildlife! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Boys and girls, I’m Li Hua. I am appealing to everyone to protect the wildlife! With more and more trees cut down, the balance of nature has been damaged, which has caused many wildlife to be in danger of extinction. Therefore, it’s high time that we took effective measures to protect the wildlife. Our government should be devoted to preventing the endangered animals from being killed. Furthermore, the illegal hunters should be punished severely. Last but not least, we should live in harmony with animals, creating a pleasant ecological environment. Let’s make a joint effort to protect the wildlife! Thank you! 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，写一封倡议信，倡议本校全体同学保护野生动物，应首先发起倡议，再具体给出保护的具体建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 采取行动：take measures → take steps, act, make a move 致力于做某事：be devoted to doing → be committed to doing, be dedicated to doing 阻止某物做某事：prevent sth. from doing → stop sth. from doing 此外：furthermore → in addition, moreover 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Furthermore, the illegal hunters should be punished severely. 拓展句：Furthermore, it is necessary that the illegal hunters (should) be punished severely. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]With more and more trees cut down, the balance of nature has been damaged, which has caused many wildlife to be in danger of extinction.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]Therefore, it’s high time that we took effective measures to protect the wildlife.(运用了虚拟语气) 考点1 harm的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)The haze in the air does harm ________ our health. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：空气中的雾霾可能对我们的健康造成伤害。本空用介词to，do harm to意为“对……造成伤害”为固定短语。故填to。 2.(2024高一上·全国·专题练习)Staying up too often will be ________ great harm to people’s health. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：经常熬夜会对人们的健康非常有害。此处为be of +n表事物的特征；短语be of harm to相当于be harmful to，意为“对……是有害的”，故填of。 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·单元测试)Their aim is to reduce ________(harm) emissions by up to 50 percent. 【答案】harmful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们的目标是减少多达50%的有害气体排放。空处作修饰emissions的定语，结合“reduce”可知，harm的形容词形式harmful符合题意，意为“有害的”。故填harmful。 考点2 survive的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)________(survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. 【答案】Survivors 【详解】考查名词。句意：事故的幸存者很快被送往最近的医院。分析句式结构可知，空格处用提示词的名词形式survivor做主语表示“幸存者”，再根据下文的were可知，应该用名词的复数形式，且位于句首的单词首字母应要大写。故填Survivors。 2.(2024高一上·全国·专题练习)Jim was a ________(survive) of the accident, but he lost his left leg. 【答案】survivor 【详解】考查名词。句意：吉姆是事故的幸存者，但他失去了左腿。根据句子结构和语境，此处应填入survive的名词形式作表语，结合空前冠词a可知为名词单数，故填survivor。 3.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)We depend on wildlife and on the planet’s rich biodiversity for our ________(survive) and well-being. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的生存和福祉依赖于野生动物和地球上丰富的生物多样性。空处和well-being并列，作介词for的宾语，survive的名词形式survival符合题意，意为“生存”，是不可数名词。故填survival。 4.(2022高一上·全国·专题练习)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.(同义句转换) ________________, we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语) 【答案】Having survived that night 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于那天晚上活了下来，我们相信一切都会好起来的。分析可知，逗号前的句子处理为分词作状语，survive和逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词之前，故应用现在分词的完成式，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Having survived that night。 考点3 variety的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)There will be a wide ________(vary) of activities to mark this unforgettable occasion. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：将有各种各样的活动来纪念这个难忘的时刻。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语a variety of“各种各样的”修饰activities，满足句意要求。故填variety。 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·吉林·期中)There are many ________(vary) of flowers in the garden. 【答案】varieties 【详解】考查名词。句意：花园里有很多种花。根据空前的many和空后的of flowers可知，这里指花的种类有许多种，应用名词variety，意为“变种”，为可数名词，空前有many修饰，应用名词复数。故填varieties。 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)Darwin’s interest in ________(vary) living things made him a great naturalist. 【答案】various 【详解】考查形容词。句意：达尔文对各种生物的兴趣使他成为一个伟大的博物学家。修饰名词短语living things应用形容词various“各种各样的”，故填various。 4.(23-24高二上·全国·课后作业)I like reading very much, especially the story books. They vary from Chinese stories to English stories. →I like reading very much, especially the story books ________________________.(分词短语作定语) 【答案】varying from Chinese stories to English stories 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我非常喜欢阅读，它们从中国故事到英语故事各不相同。根据题干要求，第二句使用分词作定语。分析句子，句中like为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处story books与vary之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作后置定语。vary from...to...意为“从……到……不同/变化”。故填varying from Chinese stories to English stories。 考点4 defence的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)To defend ________ diseases, we should lead a healthy life. 【答案】from/ against 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：为了预防疾病，我们应该过健康的生活。defend from/against固定搭配，意为“防御”，故填from/against。 2.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)The new firewall is designed ________(defend) against unauthorized access to the network. 【答案】to defend 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：新防火墙的设计是为了防止对网络的未经授权的访问。句中be designed to do sth为固定结构，意为“被设计去做某事”，使用不定式结构。故填to defend。 3.(23-24高二下·湖南·期末)What points can be raised in ________(defend) of this argument? 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以提出哪些观点来为这一论点辩护？作介词的宾语，短语in defence of表示“辩护”。故填defence。 4.(23-24高二上·广东东莞·阶段练习)Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(同义句转化) (句型转换) Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed ________ ________ ________ his son like an arrow. 【答案】in defense of 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：看到凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。分析原句和转换句可知，需转换部分是to defend意为“去保护”，此处可以用介词短语替换：in defense of意为“为保卫……”。故填①in，②defense，③of。 考点5 due to的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)The bus should have arrived at 5 pm, but it arrived one hour late due to ________(hold) up by the heavy fog. 【答案】being held 【详解】考查动名词。句意：公共汽车应该在下午5点到达，但由于大雾耽搁了一个小时才到达。hold为动词，hold up表示“耽搁”，用于介词短语due to后，应用动名词形式，作宾语，与it之间为被动关系，表示“公共汽车被耽搁”，故应用动名词的被动语态。故填being held。 2.(18-19高一·全国·课时练习)I got the job due to your help.(同义句转换) your help, I got the job. 【答案】Thanks/Owing to 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：多亏了你的帮助，我才得到了这份工作。分析原句话可知，这里考查表示“感谢，多亏了，因为，由于”对应的介词短语，做状语。故答案为Thanks to/Owing to。 考点6 break down的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)The printer is of good quality. If it ________(break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】should break/ broke 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果它在第一年内坏了，我们会自费修理。空处是if引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词，根据句意及主句“we would repair it at our expense”可知，句子应用了虚拟语气，表达将来的假设情况，空处应用should break或过去式形式broke。故填should break/broke。 2. If you continue working like that, you will break down sooner or later.(句型转换) →If you ________________ working like that, you will break down sooner or later. 【答案】carry on 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：如果你继续那样工作，你迟早会垮掉的。此处动词continue可用动词短语carry on替换，句子是一般现在时，主语是you，故填carry on。 考点7 in turn/ in return的用法 Seeing their daughter so much happier has ________ made Lara's parents more relaxed. A. in return B. in turn C. in reply D. in answer 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：看到女儿这么开心反过来让劳拉的父母也更放松了。A. in return作为报答；B. in turn反过来；C. in reply作为答复；D. in answer无此搭配。根据后文“made Lara's parents more relaxed”可知，指看到女儿这么开心反过来让劳拉的父母也更放松了，应用in turn。故选B。 考点8 倍数关系的句型 1. 句型：倍数表达法 现在全运会的运动员人数是十年前的两倍。 Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is ________________________ ten years ago. 【答案】twice as large as it was 【详解】考查倍数表达。表示表示“A是B的几倍大”时，可以使用“倍数 + as + 形容词 + as”的结构；表示“大的”应用large，第二个as引导比较状语从句，it指代“the number of the athletes in the National Games”，结合时间状语“ten years ago”可知，be动词使用一般过去时，主语为it，be动词用was。故填twice as large as it was。 2. 据报道，最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。(倍数句型) It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost ________________ the earth. 【答案】three times the size of 【详解】考查倍数表达法。根据句意可知，空处需用“倍数+the+名词+of”构成倍数表达法，“三倍”three times，“大小”使用名词size，即three times the size of。故填three times the size of。 考点9 动词不定式的省略 1. She was determined to make her son’s dream a reality, despite all possible difficulties.(同义句转换) →She was determined to make her son’s dream ________________, despite all possible difficulties. 【答案】come true 【详解】考查动词搭配及省略to的不定式。句意：尽管各种困难，她决定让她儿子的梦想成真。根据句意，空格处缺乏“成真”的意思，应使用短语come true，make sth. come true (使某事成真)，分析句子结构可知，该处是宾补，make后应使用省略to的不定式。故填come true。 2. The thief grabbed the girl’s bag and ran away. He saw the whole process.(将画线部分改为非谓语形式) ________________________________________________ 【答案】He saw the thief grab the girl’s bag and run away. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小偷抢了女孩的包就跑了。他看到了整个过程。根据句意并分析句子可知，画线部分为与the whole process指代同一事物，可替换，the thief作宾语，grab作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程用不带to不定式作宾语补足语，故答案为He saw the thief grab the girl’s bag and run away. 3. Don’t go till I tell you to go. (用省略的方式改写句子) ________________________________________________ 【答案】Don’t go till I tell you to. 【详解】考查省略。句意：我不叫你走，你就别走。tell sb.to do告诉某人做某事，动词后面的不定式内容是重复前面的内容时，to后的成份可以省略，转换为Don’t go till I tell you to.故答案为Don’t go till I tell you to。 4.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)You don’t have to tell me if you don’t want to tell me.(改写省略句) ________________________________________________ 【答案】You don’t have to tell me if you don’t want to. 【详解】考查动词不定式的省略。句意：如果你不想告诉我，你不必告诉我。有些动词(词组)例如want/wish/expect/hope/would like/try/forget等后面的动词不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，动词不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略。句中If引导条件状语从句中的tell me与主句中tell me成分结构相同，可以省略，保留不定式符号to即可。故答案为You don’t have to tell me if you don’t want to. 考点10 状语从句的省略 1.(2024高一上·全国·专题练习)He is not easy to get along with, but the friendship of his, once it is gained, will last forever.(用动词-ed形式改写句子) He is not easy to get along with, but the friendship of his, ________________, will last forever. 【答案】once gained 【详解】考查省略和非谓语动词。句意：他不容易相处，但他的友谊，一旦获得，将永远持续下去。对比两句话可知，空格处替换原句中的“once it is gained”，once引导的是条件状语从句，主语是it，且有be动词is，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是once gained。故填once gained。 2.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)If it is necessary, the airship can stay up there for days to keep out of danger.(用省略形式改写) →________________, the airship can stay up there for days to keep out of danger. 【答案】If necessary 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：如果有必要，飞艇可以在那里停留几天以避免危险。If necessary是If it is necessary的省略形式，是一种固定表达，故填If necessary。 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)We had better never use a public computer.(加入时间状语从句：当网上购物时(while+省略句)改写) ________________________________________________ 【答案】We had better never use a public computer while shopping online. 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：我们最好不要在网上购物时使用公共电脑。此处加入状语从句“当网上购物时”应用when引导，表示“网上购物”应用shop online，且为省略句：while+省略句，此处为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故改为We had better never use a public computer while shopping online. 一、阅读理解 Remarkable wildlife experiences around the world For nearly a century, people around the globe have celebrated World Animal Day. Launched in 1925, the annual event on 4 October is designed to raise awareness of animal rights issues and help improve the treatment and well-being of wildlife. Today, the international effort includes more than 90 ambassadors in 70 countries, and in recent decades, travel has increasingly played a key role in wildlife conservation. From whale- watching in Mexico to lemur-spotting in Malaysia, here are some of the most remarkable wildlife experiences around the globe where rule-abiding travellers are welcome. Laguna San Ignacio, Mexico In El Vizcaino, a protected whale area in Mexico’s Baja California Sur peninsula, grey whales are known to regularly and voluntarily approach fishing boats out of sheer curiosity, sparking new whale-watching tours where the whales are the ones doing the viewing. These unique interactions are helping to fuel their habitat conservation. Okavango Delta, Botswana For many years, the paddling and steering of traditional mokoros(独木舟) used to take visitors to view wildlife in the Okavango Delta were strictly the territory of men. However, recently a number of female mokoro guides(called “polers”) have started to take up the tradition, leading visitors in search of the elephants, zebras and buffalo. This change is part of a larger trend across the continent to empower women to participate in eco-friendly tourism. Pantanal, Brazil The Pantanal stretches more than 140,000 km² across Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay and is considered the largest wetland on Earth. The northern corner of the Brazilian Pantanal is home to one of the world’s most unique tours. Here, travellers jump on Pantaneiro horses as they navigate the wetland, allowing them to keep their eyes on jaguars, giant anteaters, giant otters, tapir, maned wolves and hundreds of bird species. Langkawi, Malaysia Though closely related to monkeys, the so-called “flying lemur(狐猴)” is actually a unique species found only in forests across South-East Asia. Despite being fairly widespread, very little is known about the large-eyed gliding creature. Nature-focused tours like Jungle Walla offer the best opportunities to see them in the wild. 1. In which destination can women engage in guiding for visitors? A. Pantanal, Brazil. B. Langkawi, Malaysia. C. Okavango Delta, Botswana. D. Laguna San Ignacio, Mexico. 2. What do the Pantanal, Brazil and Langkawi, Malaysia have in common? A. Both the habitats cover a huge area of wetland in the wild. B. Visitors can have the opportunity to see breathtaking scenery. C. Visitors have the opportunity to closely interact with wild animals. D. Both the wild experiences offer nature-focused tourism opportunities. 3. Which column of a magazine does the text belong to? A. Green Living. B. Natural Wonders. C. Climate Change. D. Adventure and Wildlife. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上四个非凡的野生动物体验的地方。 1. 细节理解题。根据Okavango Delta, Botswana部分中“However, recently a number of female mokoro guides(called “polers”) have started to take up the tradition, leading visitors in search of the elephants, zebras and buffalo.(然而，最近一些女性摩科罗导游(称为“polers”)开始继承这一传统，带领游客寻找大象、斑马和水牛。)”可知，在博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈三角洲，女性可以为游客做导游。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据Pantanal, Brazil部分中“Here, travellers jump on Pantaneiro horses as they navigate the wetland, allowing them to keep their eyes on jaguars, giant anteaters, giant otters, tapir, maned wolves and hundreds of bird species.(在这里，游客们骑着潘塔内罗的马在湿地中穿行，这样他们就可以看到美洲虎、巨型食食兽、巨型水獭、貘、鬃狼和数百种鸟类。)”和Langkawi, Malaysia部分中“Nature-focused tours like Jungle Walla offer the best opportunities to see them in the wild.(丛林瓦拉等以自然为重点的旅游为在野外看到它们提供了最好的机会。)”可知，巴西的潘塔纳尔湿地和马来西亚的兰卡威的共同之处在于它们都提供了以自然为中心的旅游机会。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“From whale- watching in Mexico to lemur-spotting in Malaysia, here are some of the most remarkable wildlife experiences around the globe where rule-abiding travellers are welcome.(从墨西哥的观鲸到马来西亚的狐猴观赏，这里有一些全球最非凡的野生动物体验，欢迎遵守规则的旅行者。)”以及后面四个小标题可知，此文是针对旅游爱好者在自然界与原生态野生动物的体验和接触，由此推知，这篇文章属于杂志的冒险和野生动物一栏。故选D项。 二、阅读七选五 Dogs make wonderful companions, but it’s also true that some dogs will attack if you feel scared or threatened. 1 However, it is advisable to be aware of how to prevent such small incidents. Stay calm and do not panic. There’s some truth to the old saying that dogs and other animals can smell fear. 2 If you become nervous and run or scream, the dog is more likely to attack. Look away, be motionless, and make yourself rigid(僵硬的). When a dog comes near, stand still with your hands at your sides. 3 Always remember to avoid eye contact and excessive(过度的) body movements, as these can send the signal that you’re ready to fight. Do not make a run unless you’re certain you can get away. If you’re not sure, don’t run. Running away can awaken the dog’s prey instinct(捕猎本能) to chase and catch animals. Dogs often chase even if they are just playing. Additionally, you won’t be able to outrun most dogs if you’re on foot. 4 Confuse the dog with another object. For instance, if an angry dog approached you, throw away your backpack or water bottle. This may confuse the dog long enough to give you time to escape. 5 If a violent dog finally cools off a bit as you’re standing still and ignoring it calmly, it’s a sign you’ve got a chance to leave. Move sideways away from the dog as slowly as possible without turning your back or making sudden movements. A. Walk away slowly when the dog calms down. B. Dogs are less likely to attack if you remain calm. C. Even on a bike, many dogs will catch up with you. D. This will scare the dog and give you time to get away. E. The dog will lose interest and walk away in most cases. F. The dog may perceive these violent physical actions as a threat. G. Dog attacks are uncommon and typically result in minor injuries. 【答案】1. G 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何避免狗的攻击以及在面临狗的威胁时应该采取的应对措施。 1. 根据下文“However, it is advisable to be aware of how to prevent such small incidents.(然而，明智的做法是意识到如何防止这样的小事件)”可知，此空讲述的内容与下文的内容为转折关系，G选项“Dog attacks are uncommon and typically result in minor injuries.(狗的袭击并不常见，通常会造成轻微的伤害)”和下文构成转折关系，提供了关于狗攻击的一般性信息，为后文如何避免狗的攻击做铺垫。故选G。 2. 根据上文的“Stay calm and do not panic. There’s some truth to the old saying that dogs and other animals can smell fear.(保持冷静，不要惊慌。有句老话说狗和其他动物能闻到恐惧，这句话有一定道理)”可知，该部分建议保持冷静，不要惊慌，后面应该紧跟着解释为什么保持冷静很重要，B选项“Dogs are less likely to attack if you remain calm.(如果你保持冷静，狗就不太可能攻击你)”与本段的主题吻合，符合语境，解释了保持冷静可以减少被攻击的可能性。故选B。 3. 根据上文的“Look away, be motionless, and make yourself rigid (僵硬的). When a dog comes near, stand still with your hands at your sides.(把目光移开，不要动，让自己变得僵硬。当狗靠近时，站着别动，双手放在身体两侧)”可知，此处描述了当狗靠近时应该如何行动，E选项“The dog will lose interest and walk away in most cases.(在大多数情况下，狗会失去兴趣并走开)”对上文的内容作出解释，说明了在大多数情况下，狗会失去兴趣并走开，符合语境。故选E。 4. 根据主题句“Do not make a run unless you’re certain you can get away.(除非你确定你能逃脱，否则不要逃跑)”可知，本段建议不要逃跑，结合上文的内容“If you’re not sure, don’t run. Running away can awaken the dog’s prey instinct (捕猎本能) to chase and catch animals. Dogs often chase even if they are just playing. Additionally, you won’t be able to outrun most dogs if you’re on foot.(如果你不确定，就不要跑。逃跑可以唤醒狗的捕猎本能去追逐和捕捉动物。狗即使只是在玩耍，也经常追来追去。此外，如果你步行的话，你不可能跑得过大多数狗)”可知，本段讨论了逃跑的风险，C选项“Even on a bike, many dogs will catch up with you.(即使骑自行车，很多狗也会追上你)”承接了上文，作为补充，强调了即使骑自行车也难以逃脱狗的追捕。故选C。 5. 根据下文的“If a violent dog finally cools off a bit as you’re standing still and ignoring it calmly, it’s a sign you’ve got a chance to leave. Move sideways away from the dog as slowly as possible without turning your back or making sudden movements.(如果一只暴力的狗终于冷静下来了，而你站着不动，平静地无视它，这表明你有机会离开了。尽量慢慢地远离狗狗，不要转身或做出突然的动作)”可知，本段讲的是关于如何在狗平静下来后安全撤离的建议，A选项“Walk away slowly when the dog calms down.(等狗安静下来，慢慢走开)”概括了整段内容。故选A。 三、完形填空 (2024-2025学年高一上·山东济南·阶段练习)One sunny morning, Emma was walking in the park when she 1 a small kitten stuck in a tree. It was 2 and was meowing loudly. Without a second thought, Emma decided to help. She carefully climbed the tree and 3 the kitten. The little kitten was trembling, but Emma’s gentle touch calmed it. She 4 brought it down to safety. Emma decided to take the kitten home, knowing it needed 5 and care. She named it Whiskers and 6 it had a warm place to sleep and lots of food. As days passed, Whiskers grew stronger and more independent. Emma and Whiskers became 7 . They played together every day, bringing joy to each other’s life. One afternoon, Emma noticed Whiskers 8 by the window, looking outside. She realized it might want to explore the world beyond. Feeling 9 , she decided to let Whiskers go out while keeping a close eye on it. To her delight, Whiskers always returned home after its adventures. Emma knew that their 10 had grown even stronger through this trust and freedom. Over time, Whiskers became a beloved part of the neighborhood, making everyone 11 . Emma learned that sometimes, love means 12 and trusting that those who you care for will always recover. Her experience with Whiskers taught her the true meaning of 13 and trust, showing that the relationship between humans and animals can be 14 . Emma’ s story shows that animals can 15 our lives in an unexpected way, bringing happiness and comfort. 1. A. fed B. paid C. lost D. saw 2. A. frightened B. touched C. confused D. annoyed 3. A. threw B. reached C. dropped D. missed 4. A. gracefully B. curiously C. slowly D. suddenly 5. A. freedom B. attention C. space D. water 6. A. made up B. made out C. made sense D. made sure 7. A. strangers B. champions C. friends D. neighbors 8. A. waiting B. sleeping C. sitting D. walking 9. A. awkward B. anxious C. confident D. peaceful 10. A. image B. friendship C. misunderstanding D. competition 11. A. equal B. honored C. happy D. amazed 12. A. letting go B. working out C. coming along D. taking control 13. A. patience B. courage C. generosity D. love 14. A. terrible B. strong C. thankful D. ordinary 15. A. enrich B. promote C. explore D. form 【答案】 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A 【语篇解读】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了艾玛在救了一只被困在树上的小猫后，带它回家悉心照料，与小猫之间建立了深厚的友谊。随着小猫日渐长大，艾玛决定让它走出家门，而小猫也经常回家看望艾玛，也为邻居带来了快乐。艾玛的故事告诉人们，爱和信任能够让人类和动物之间建立牢固的情谊，而动物也为我们的生活带来了快乐。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个阳光明媚的早晨，艾玛正在公园里散步，这时她看到一只小猫卡在树上。A. fed喂养；B. paid支付；C. lost丢失；D. saw看见。根据句中“Emma was walking in the park”可知，艾玛正在散步，这时应该是看见了一只小猫卡在树上的。故选D。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它吓坏了，大声地喵喵叫着。A. frightened恐惧的、害怕的；B. touched感动的；C. confused困惑的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据上句中“a small kitten stuck in a tree”和本句中的“was meowing loudly”可知，小猫被卡在了树上，喵喵大叫，应该是被吓坏了，感到害怕。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她小心翼翼地爬上树，够到小猫。A. threw扔；B. reached够到；C. dropped使掉落；D. missed错过、想念。根据下句中“but Emma’s gentle touch calmed it.(但艾玛温柔的抚摸使它平静下来。)”可知，艾玛爬上树后，应该是先伸手够到了小猫，然后温柔地抚摸它。故选B。 4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她慢慢地把它带到安全的地方。A. gracefully优雅地；B. curiously好奇地；C. slowly慢慢地；D. suddenly突然。根据上句“The little kitten was trembling, but Emma’s gentle touch calmed it.(小猫在颤抖，但艾玛温柔的抚摸使它平静下来。)”可知，小猫因恐惧而颤抖，所以艾玛的动作都是轻柔、缓慢的，这样才能让小猫感到平静和安全。故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾玛决定把小猫带回家，因为她知道它需要关心和照顾。A. freedom自由；B. attention注意、关心；C. space空间；D. water水。根据句中的“care”和下句“She named it Whiskers and 6 it had a warm place to sleep and lots of food.(她给它起名叫Whiskers，并确保它有一个温暖的地方睡觉，有很多食物。)”可知，艾玛决定带小猫回家，确保它有温暖的环境和足够的食物，可见她知道小猫需要照顾和关心。故选B。 6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她给它起名叫Whiskers，并确保它有一个温暖的地方睡觉，有很多食物。A. made up组成；B. made out理解、弄清；C. made sense讲得通、有意义；D. made sure确保。根据上句“Emma decided to take the kitten home, knowing it needed 5 and care.(艾玛决定把小猫带回家，因为她知道它需要关心和照顾。)”可知，艾玛把小猫带回家，是想要给它关心和照顾，所以就要确保它有一个温暖的睡觉的地方和许多食物。故选D。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾玛和Whiskers成了朋友。A. strangers陌生人；B. champions冠军；C. friends朋友；D. neighbors邻居。根据下句“They played together every day, bringing joy to each other’s life.(他们每天都在一起玩耍，给彼此的生活带来欢乐。)”可知，艾玛把Whiskers带回家后，每天都在一起生活和玩耍，非常快乐，可见已经成为了朋友。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，艾玛注意到Whiskers坐在窗边，望着外面。A. waiting等待；B. sleeping睡觉；C. sitting坐着；D. walking走路。根据句中的“looking outside”和下句“She realized it might want to explore the world beyond.(她意识到它可能想要探索外面的世界。)”可知，Whiskers应该是坐在窗边看外面，想要去外面探索。故选C。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她心里焦虑，决定让Whiskers出去，自己同时密切关注它。A. awkward令人尴尬的、笨拙的；B. anxious焦虑的、担心的； C. confident自信的；D. peaceful平静的。根据上句“She realized it might want to explore the world beyond.(她意识到它可能想要探索外面的世界。)”可知，艾玛意识到了Whiskers想要离开家，去外面世界探索，心中不免担心、焦虑，但她还是决定让它出去探索，自己同时也密切注视着它。故选B。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾玛知道他们的友谊在这种信任和自由中变得更加牢固。A. image形象；B. friendship友谊；C. misunderstanding误解；D. competition比赛。根据上文“Emma and Whiskers became 7 .(艾玛和Whiskers成了朋友。)”和上句“To her delight, Whiskers always returned home after its adventures.(令她高兴的是，Whiskers总是在冒险之后回家。)”可知，艾玛和Whiskers在共同生活中已经成为了朋友，即便Whiskers出去探索外面的世界后，也会经常回家看她，他们在这种互相信任又各自保持自由的关系中，友谊越来越牢固。故选B。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：久而久之，Whiskers成了邻居们喜爱的一部分，让每个人都很开心。A. equal平等的；B. honored光荣的；C. happy高兴的；D. amazed惊奇的。根据句中“Whiskers became a beloved part of the neighborhood”可知，邻居们都喜爱Whiskers，因为它能使每个人都开心、高兴。故选C。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：艾玛明白了，有时候，爱意味着放手，相信你关心的人总能康复。A. letting go放手；B. working out解决、锻炼；C. coming along进展、一起来；D. taking control控制。根据上文“Feeling 9 , she decided to let Whiskers go out while keeping a close eye on it.(她心里焦虑，决定让Whiskers出去，自己同时密切关注它。)”和“Emma knew that their 10 had grown even stronger through this trust and freedom.(艾玛知道他们的友谊在这种信任和自由中变得更加牢固。)”可知，艾玛因为对Whiskers的爱，所以放手让它遵循自己的愿望去外面的世界探索，给了它信任与自由，而这又让他们的友谊更加牢固，说明爱意味着放手和信任。故选A。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她和Whiskers的经历教会了她爱和信任的真谛，表明人类和动物之间的关系可以很牢固。A. patience耐心；B. courage勇气；C. generosity慷慨；D. love爱。根据上文“Emma learned that sometimes, love means 12 and trusting that those who you care for will always recover.(艾玛明白了，有时候，爱意味着放手，相信你关心的人总能康复。)”可知，艾玛在和Whiskers的这段经历中懂得了爱和信任的真谛。故选D。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她和Whiskers的经历教会了她爱和信任的真谛，表明人类和动物之间的关系可以很坚固。A. terrible可怕的；B. strong稳固的、坚固的；C. thankful感谢的；D. ordinary平常的。根据上文“Emma knew that their 10 had grown even stronger through this trust and freedom.(艾玛知道他们的友谊在这种信任和自由中变得更加牢固。)”可知，艾玛和Whiskers的这段经历表明人和动物之间的友谊是可以很坚固的。故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾玛的故事告诉我们，动物可以以一种意想不到的方式丰富我们的生活，带来快乐和安慰。A. enrich丰富；B. promote促进；C. explore探索；D. form形成。根据句中“bringing happiness and comfort”及文章内容可知，Whiskers给艾玛的生活带来了快乐和安慰，也让艾玛的生活变得更加丰富充实，说明动物可以以一种意想不到的方式来丰富我们的生活。故选A。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has made sustained efforts to battle against desertification over the years. From encouraging public participation to adopting policy measures, the country 1 (take) effective and practical steps to control desertification, 2 (transform) poor soil into forests and grasslands. China appointed March 12 as National Tree Planting Day in 1979, and Chinese citizens 3 (voluntary) planted approximately 78.1 billion trees between 1982 and2021 across the vast country. The government has also launched various greening projects, targeting areas 4 deserts have threatened the local ecological environment and narrowed people’s living space. The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program(TSFP), 5 large-scale afforestation project, is a good example. Launched in 1978 and scheduled 6 (complete) in 2050, it has effectively limited the 7 (expand) of desertification and become a “green Great Wall” preventing sandstorms. The project has been acknowledged 8 a successful example of global ecological governance. In addition, China has actively conducted 9 (exchange) and cooperation with Belt and Road countries, and has established an international knowledge management center for desertification prevention and control. Moving forward, the world’s second-largest economy remains 10 (determine) to carve out an eco-friendly path for global green development. 【答案】 1. has taken 2. transforming 3. voluntarily 4. where 5. a 6. to be completed 7. expansion 8. as 9. exchanges 10. determined 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国为防治荒漠化所采取的持续努力和有效措施。 1. 考查时态。句意：从鼓励公众参与到采取政策措施，中国已经采取了有效和实际的措施来控制荒漠化，将贫瘠的土壤变成森林和草原。take steps“采取措施”，作谓语；此处描述的是过去的动作对现在产生的影响，时态应用现在完成时，主语the country为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has taken。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句谓语为has taken，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式。而transform“转变”与其逻辑主语the country之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词，作状语。故填transforming。 3. 考查副词。句意：中国在1979年指定3月12日为全国植树节，1982年至2021年间，中国公民在全国自愿种植了约781亿棵树。本空修饰动词planted，应用副词形式voluntarily“自愿地”，作状语。故填voluntarily。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：政府还启动了各种绿化项目，针对的是沙漠已经威胁到当地生态环境并缩小了人们居住空间的地区。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是targeting areas，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5. 考查冠词。句意：“三北防护林工程”是一项大规模的植树造林项目，是一个很好的例子。此处泛指“一项大规模的造林项目”，且large-scale以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目于1978年启动，计划于2050年完成，它有效地限制了荒漠化的蔓延，并成为防止沙尘暴的“绿色长城”。本句谓语为has limited，此处为非谓语动词，schedule to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，且it指代The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program，与complete“完成”为被动关系，本空用不定时的被动形式。故填to be completed。 7. 考查名词。句意同上。本空作limited的宾语，所以此处应用名词expansion“扩张，蔓延”。故填expansion。 8. 考查介词。句意：该项目已被公认为全球生态治理的一个成功范例。acknowledge sth. as...意为“公认……为……”，本空用介词as，符合题意。故填as。 9. 考查名词。句意：此外，中国还与“一带一路”国家积极开展交流与合作，并建立了荒漠化防治国际知识管理中心。本空作conducted的宾语，所以此处应用名词exchange“交流”，不止一项交流，本空用其复数形式。故填exchanges。 10. 考查形容词。句意：展望未来，世界第二大经济体仍决心为全球绿色发展开辟一条生态友好的道路。remains为系动词，其后应接形容词作表语，所以此处应用形容词determined，表示“有决心的”，作表语。故填determined。 五、书面表达 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校下个月将举办主题为“Save the Wildlife”的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇关于保护野生动物的演讲稿参加此次活动，内容包括： 1. 野生动物生存现状及原因； 2. 保护野生动物的呼吁及具体措施。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为100词左右； 2. 文章开头已给出。 Good morning! I’m honored to stand here to deliver my speech themed “Save the Wildlife”. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Good morning! I’m honored to stand here to deliver my speech themed “Save the Wildlife”. As we all know, our planet is our beautiful home, where wildlife and humans should have lived together harmoniously. However, more and more wildlife is faced with extinction, whose habitats are becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built. Poaching also puts them at risk of extinction. Many precious species are disappearing at an alarming rate. We must take action to protect them. Firstly, we should support wildlife conservation organizations. Secondly, do not purchase products made from wild animals. Let’s join hands to ensure a harmonious coexistence with these precious creatures and a sustainable future for our planet. That’s all. Thank you! 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Save the Wildlife”为主题写一篇演讲稿，阐述野生动物生存现状及原因，并发出保护野生动物的呼吁及提出具体措施。 【详解】1.词汇积累 面对：be faced with → be met with 灭绝：extinction → disappearance 采取行动：take action → act 可持续的：sustainable → renewable/lasting 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Secondly, do not purchase products made from wild animals. 拓展句：Secondly, do not purchase products which are made from wild animals. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】As we all know, our planet is our beautiful home, where wildlife and humans should have lived together harmoniously.(运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和where引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】However, more and more wildlife is faced with extinction, whose habitats are becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.(运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句和as引导的时间状语从句) 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mia, 44, had a great start to the day. For the first time in years, she had a good night’s sleep. Her husband and son had gone skiing. While they were on a “man-to-man” vacation, the mother could enjoy her freedom. She could do whatever she wanted for a week. “I’ll take a nap(小睡) before I eat,” Mia thought. She turned around and closed her eyes again. However, a few minutes later, she woke up to a strange sound. “What’s that?” thought Mia. But when the sound stopped, she turned around again. “It’s probably something outside.” She turned back to the other side of the bed. She heard the sound again. She was sure then that the sound was close. She listened. “It’s coming from the window!” she said after focusing on the sound for a bit. She got out of bed and approached the window. Pulling the curtain aside, she couldn’t believe what she saw. There were two little squirrels(松鼠) sleeping in a nest. The sounds were coming from here. The curtain in the room had been closed for the past few weeks, so she hadn’t noticed the lovely animals were making a nest here. “I have to get this on camera,” she thought eagerly. She immediately took her camera and took pictures of the cute squirrels. She couldn’t believe her luck. The two baby squirrels hugged each other inside the nest. Mia could tell how peaceful the little animals felt. The window wouldn’t open, or she would have touched them and injured their heads. “Their mother must have left them alone to look for food,” she thought, trying to get the perfect picture from different angles. Actually, she wanted to take a clear picture of their cute, sleepy faces. However, she got the shock of her life when she brought the camera closer to the squirrels. She saw an eagle staying on a tree opposite, looking at the little squirrels hungrily. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Seeing this, Mia started to shake.____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Horribly, the eagle began attacking the nest while Mia waited for the firefighters.______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Seeing this, Mia started to shake. Apparently, it was really a hungry eagle there. Her face went pale. She had never encountered such a situation before, and the sudden realization sent a wave of panic through her. “Why does this happen to me when my family is not at home?” she thought. “I need to call them before it’s too late.” She ran to her phone and called her husband. Mia explained the situation to her husband, who replied without hesitation, “Call the firefighters now!” Mia did so quickly. Horribly, the eagle began attacking the nest while Mia waited for the firefighters. Mia stood by the window, not taking her eyes off the eagle, and kept waving her two hands hard to frighten the eagle away and shouted at it, “Don’t attempt to kill the squirrels. They are staying in my house, not in your house.” Ignoring Mia’s warnings, the eagle attacked the squirrels once again. Mia was in despair. Just then, the firefighters arrived, driving the eagle away in a friendly way. Finally, the baby squirrels were reunited with the mother squirrel. Thanks to Mia’s attention, her guests were saved. 【语篇解读】本文以人物为线索展开。44岁的米亚迎来了美好的一天，她难得地睡了个好觉。丈夫和儿子去滑雪，留下她享受独处时光。原本打算小憩的她被窗外的声响惊醒，发现是两只小松鼠在巢里睡觉。米亚兴奋地拍照记录，却惊见对面树上有一只鹰虎视眈眈地看着松鼠，令她大为震惊。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“看到这些，米娅开始发抖。”可知，第一段可以描写米娅的心理活动和求助的过程。 ②由第二段句首内容“可怕的是，在米娅等待消防员的时候，老鹰开始攻击鸟巢。”可知，第二段可以描写米娅与鹰抗争的过程。 2.续写线索：看到这些——求助于消防员——老鹰开始攻击——保护——消防员到达——获救 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①遇到：encounter/come across ②吓跑……：frighten... way/scare... away ③试图：attempt/try 情绪类 ①恐慌：panic/scare ②绝望：be in despair/be hopeless 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Mia explained the situation to her husband, who replied without hesitation, “Call the firefighters now!” (运用了who引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】Ignoring Mia’s warnings, the eagle attacked the squirrels once again.(运用了现在分词短语作状语) ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 Unit 1 Nature in the balance(必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用环境保护相关的词汇；探究归纳省略这一语法现象的规则并在语境中正确使用；完成一篇号召人们保护动物的校报文章； 文化意识：了解热带雨林、动物保护的相关知识，培养人和自然和谐相处的意识； 思维品质：掌握纪录片脚本和电视访谈节目脚本的结构和行文特征，学会分辨观点和论据并创造性地表达自己的观点； 学习能力：小组合作，制作关于环境问题的小册子。 单元知识点 单元单词 1. harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害 [教材原文]The human race has done much harm. 人类已经造成了很多危害。 (1)do harm to对……有害 do more harm than good弊大于利 mean (sb.) no harm没有恶意 (2)harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to对……有害 (3)harmless adj.无害的 be harmless to对……无害 2. variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 [教材原文]The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 (1)a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 (2)vary vi.相异；变化 vary in在……方面不同 vary with随……而变化 vary according to根据……而变化 vary from...to...从……到……变化 vary from place to place因地而异 vary from person to person因人而异 (3)various adj.各种各样的 3. mass n. 团，块，堆；大量，一大群adj.大批的，广泛的 [教材原文]Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那之上，大量落叶散落在昏暗的雨林地面上。 (1)mass production批量生产 the mass market大众市场 the mass media大众传媒 (2)a mass of/masses of大量的 the mass of...……中的大多数 the masses群众 [名师点津] a mass of/masses of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“a mass of/masses of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后的名词保持一致。 4. survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难 [教材原文] While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 (1)survive on靠……生存 struggle to survive为了生存而挣扎 survive the attack/earthquake在袭击/地震中幸免于难 survive the crisis渡过危机 survive sb. by...比某人多活…… (2)survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 5. impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击 [教材原文]As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ (1)have/make an impact on对……有影响 have no impact on对……没有影响 (2)impact on/upon (对……)产生影响 (3)have an effect/influence on对……有影响 have no effect on对……没有影响 (4)make a difference (to) (对……)有影响 make no difference (to)(对……)没有影响，没有作用 6. profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处 [教材原文]People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.人们往往将工厂与黑烟滚滚的照片和急于牟取暴利的不负责任的商人联系起来。 (1)a big/huge profit 巨额利润 a quick profit暴利 a good profit可观的利润 a healthy/handsome/tidy profit一大笔利润 a small/modest profit微薄的利润 make/turn/earn a profit赚取利润 (2)profit by/from从……中受益；靠……获利 (3)profitable adj.赢利的；有利润的 7. defence n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 [教材原文]In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。 (1)in defence of为保卫……；为……作辩护 in one's defence为某人辩护 a defence against对……的防御物 flood defences防洪设施 (2)defend vi.& vt.保护，防护；防卫 defend... against/from...保卫……免受…… 8. consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性 (1)as a consequence ＝ in consequence＝ as a result结果，因此 as a consequence of ＝ in consequence of＝ as a result of作为……的结果 take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth.)承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果 of little/no consequence不重要的，无足轻重的 (2)consequent adj.随之发生的 consequently adv.结果，因此 单元短语 1. in turn相应地，转而；依次 [教材原文]These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 take turns轮流 take turns to do sth.＝take turns (in) doing sth.轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。 by turns轮流，交替 take a turn for the worse/better (情况)恶化/好转 2. break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；发生故障；失败 [教材原文]When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 当美洲豹死后，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质返还给土壤。 break out (疾病、战争、火灾等)突然开始；爆发 break in强行进入；插话，打断 break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑、哭等) break through突围；突破 break up解散；(关系)破裂 break off折断；断开；中断 3. due to因为，由于 [教材原文]Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。 due adj.到期的；预期的 be due to do sth.预计要做某事 [名师点津] due to常作状语和表语，一般不位于句首 owing to常作状语和表语 thanks to常作状语，通常指好的方面 because of常作状语 4. get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 [教材原文]The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of. 空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。 rid v.摆脱；除去 be rid of摆脱 rid oneself of...使自己从……中解脱 We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new. 我们可能会认为我们处于这样的文化之中，一看到闪闪发光的新东西就会扔掉陈旧的技术。 ②We strongly advise you to rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking.我们强烈建议你改掉抽烟的坏习惯。 单元句型 1. 倍数关系句型 [教材原文]With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林面积约为600万平方千米，面积超过中国国土面积的一半。 [句式分析]此句是一个简单句，句中more than half the size of含有倍数表达。 英语里常见的倍数表达法： (1)A is＋倍数＋ the size/weight/height/length/width...＋of B (2)A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as B (3)A is＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than B (4)A is＋倍数＋what从句 [名师点津] 两倍用twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。 2. 表语+谓语+主语的倒装句 [教材原文]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 今晚来到我们广播室的有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、当地一家工厂的高级经理文森特·布朗以及诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。 为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可把介词短语、形容词或分词提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语全部倒装。 【巩固练习】 I.写出适当的单词 1. With the changes in the world's climate, dinosaurs died, while many smaller animals lived on, which was the ________(survive) of the fittest. 2. At that time, people were divided geographically, leading to ________(vary) of dialects and characters. 3. Simon’s latest book provides a brief outline of artificial intelligence and its ________(apply) to robotics. 4. The production of coffee beans is a huge and ________(profit) business, but full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. 5. Faced with invasion, they responded at once and rose as one man in ________(defend) of their motherland. 6. Cottage industries have sprung up in many developing nations to search for the ________(recycle) and precious metals inside the waste. 7. Many species are in danger of ________(extinct) because of our destruction of their natural habitats. 8. With the rapid ________(economy) development, China plays a more and more important role on the international stage. 9. If she had been aware that the mushroom was ________(poison), she would not have picked it back. 10. The world’s tropical forests are ________(appear) at an even faster rate than experts have ever thought. Ⅱ.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 in turn; break down; breathe life into; spring to mind; come up with; get rid of; give rise to 1. The latest results of their research have ________________ the depressing market. 2. The illustration in the textbook have ________________ negative comments in a large scale. 3. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ________________ creates more problems. 4. Peace talks between the two countries have ________________ with no agreement reached. 5. While he was looking through the papers, a brilliant idea ________________. III.完成句子 1. ________________________, she continued to carry out her duties.(even though)  尽管她身体很不舒服,她依然坚持履行她的职责。 2.The boy always sleeps ________________________.(with复合结构)  那个男孩总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。 3.When a dog attacked me,I picked up a stick ________________________myself.(defence)  当一条狗袭击我时,我拿起一根棍子自卫。 4. ________________________, he says, there could not be better time to go into advertising.(consequence)  因此,他说,这是进入广告行业的绝佳时机。 5.There was a terrible accident, ________________________.(分词作结果状语)  有一起严重的事故,引发了交通堵塞。 单元语法 省略 1.状语从句中的省略 在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless等连接的状语从句中，若从句中的主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。 2. 定语从句中的省略 ① 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词whom, which, that可省略； ② 修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。 3. 宾语从句中的省略 及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 4.动词不定式的省略 ① 使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略； ② 介词but, except (除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to； ③ 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。 【巩固练习】 单句语法填空 (1)Once ________(addict) to online games, teenagers are harmed both physically and mentally. (2)There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but ________(wait). (3)Film has a much shorter history, especially when ________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. (4)Xiaoming must have been playing football at that time, and his sister ________(play) the piano. (5)He believes it important to study rather than ________(play) computer games. (6)At the age of twenty he left his hometown, ________(determine) not to return without achieving his goal. (7)It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If ________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately. (8)When the city of Pompeii was dug from its resting place, its walls were fresh as if ________(paint) yesterday. (9)Many kids have the habit of sucking their thumbs, which can cause lifelong problems if ________(treat). (10)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________(carry) out regularly, can improve our health. 单元写作 写一篇号召人们保护动物的演讲稿 1.写作结构： 首段点明演讲稿的主题：保护动物 主体段落写演讲的具体的内容 最后总结发出倡议,点明演讲主题. 2.常用表达： 开头常用语 1. My name is ...Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation. I shall be speaking about ...我的名字是……今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是…… 2. Good morning, everyone! It is my great honour to share with you my opinions on ...大家上午好！我很荣幸能和你们分享我对……的看法。 3. It's my honour to stand here and say something about...我很荣幸站在这里谈一些关于……的事情。 主体部分常用语 1. As far as I am concerned, I think it is a good idea to ...就我而言，我认为……是一个好主意。 2. The reason why the wild animals are endangered is that...野生动物濒临灭绝的原因是…… 3. It is of great consequence to protect...保护……是很重要的。 结尾常用语 1. Thanks for your listening (to my speech). 感谢大家倾听我的演讲。 2. That's all I want to say about this point.关于这一点，我就讲这些。 典题分析 假定你是李华，你校将举行演讲比赛。请以“Protect the Endangered Animals”为题写一篇发言稿，以呼吁人们采取行动，保护濒危动物。内容如下： 1. 如今野生动物的种类和数量日益减少，有些动物甚至已经濒临灭绝； 2. 造成野生动物濒临灭绝的起因：人类活动、动物栖息地被破坏、野生动物的大量猎杀以及全球变暖等； 3. 针对目前情况提出相应措施。 注意：词数80左右。 审题谋篇： 定体裁 应用文 定人称 第一、三人称为主 定时态 一般现在时为主 定要点定结构 开头：演讲主题(保护濒危动物) 主体：主题内容(濒危动物的现状、原因以及保护措施) 结尾：总结演讲(呼吁人们采取行动) 写作迁移 假如你是李华，请你写一封倡议信，向你校全体同学倡议保护野生动物。内容包括： 1. 发起倡议； 2. 给出几点具体的建议(自由发挥)。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 倡议书的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Boys and girls, I’m Li Hua. I am appealing to everyone to protect the wildlife! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点1 harm的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)The haze in the air does harm ________ our health. 2.(2024高一上·全国·专题练习)Staying up too often will be ________ great harm to people’s health. 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·单元测试)Their aim is to reduce ________(harm) emissions by up to 50 percent. 考点2 survive的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)________(survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. 2.(2024高一上·全国·专题练习)Jim was a ________(survive) of the accident, but he lost his left leg. 3.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)We depend on wildlife and on the planet’s rich biodiversity for our ________(survive) and well-being. 4.(2022高一上·全国·专题练习)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.(同义句转换) ________________, we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语) 考点3 variety的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)There will be a wide ________(vary) of activities to mark this unforgettable occasion. 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·吉林·期中)There are many ________(vary) of flowers in the garden. 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)Darwin’s interest in ________(vary) living things made him a great naturalist. 4.(23-24高二上·全国·课后作业)I like reading very much, especially the story books. They vary from Chinese stories to English stories. →I like reading very much, especially the story books ________________________.(分词短语作定语) 考点4 defence的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)To defend ________ diseases, we should lead a healthy life. 2.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)The new firewall is designed ________(defend) against unauthorized access to the network. 3.(23-24高二下·湖南·期末)What points can be raised in ________(defend) of this argument? 4.(23-24高二上·广东东莞·阶段练习)Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(同义句转化) (句型转换) Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed ________ ________ ________ his son like an arrow. 考点5 due to的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)The bus should have arrived at 5 pm, but it arrived one hour late due to ________(hold) up by the heavy fog. 2.(18-19高一·全国·课时练习)I got the job due to your help.(同义句转换) your help, I got the job. 考点6 break down的用法 1.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)The printer is of good quality. If it ________(break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.(所给词的适当形式填空) 2. If you continue working like that, you will break down sooner or later.(句型转换) →If you ________________ working like that, you will break down sooner or later. 考点7 in turn/ in return的用法 Seeing their daughter so much happier has ________ made Lara's parents more relaxed. A. in return B. in turn C. in reply D. in answer 考点8 倍数关系的句型 1. 句型：倍数表达法 现在全运会的运动员人数是十年前的两倍。 Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is ________________________ ten years ago. 2. 据报道，最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。(倍数句型) It is reported that a new planet that has been discovered recently is almost ________________ the earth. 考点9 动词不定式的省略 1. She was determined to make her son’s dream a reality, despite all possible difficulties.(同义句转换) →She was determined to make her son’s dream ________________, despite all possible difficulties. 2. The thief grabbed the girl’s bag and ran away. He saw the whole process.(将画线部分改为非谓语形式) ________________________________________________ 3. Don’t go till I tell you to go. (用省略的方式改写句子) ________________________________________________ 4.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)You don’t have to tell me if you don’t want to tell me.(改写省略句) ________________________________________________ 考点10 状语从句的省略 1.(2024高一上·全国·专题练习)He is not easy to get along with, but the friendship of his, once it is gained, will last forever.(用动词-ed形式改写句子) He is not easy to get along with, but the friendship of his, ________________, will last forever. 2.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)If it is necessary, the airship can stay up there for days to keep out of danger.(用省略形式改写) →________________, the airship can stay up there for days to keep out of danger. 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·全国·课后作业)We had better never use a public computer.(加入时间状语从句：当网上购物时(while+省略句)改写) ________________________________________________ 一、阅读理解 Remarkable wildlife experiences around the world For nearly a century, people around the globe have celebrated World Animal Day. Launched in 1925, the annual event on 4 October is designed to raise awareness of animal rights issues and help improve the treatment and well-being of wildlife. Today, the international effort includes more than 90 ambassadors in 70 countries, and in recent decades, travel has increasingly played a key role in wildlife conservation. From whale- watching in Mexico to lemur-spotting in Malaysia, here are some of the most remarkable wildlife experiences around the globe where rule-abiding travellers are welcome. Laguna San Ignacio, Mexico In El Vizcaino, a protected whale area in Mexico’s Baja California Sur peninsula, grey whales are known to regularly and voluntarily approach fishing boats out of sheer curiosity, sparking new whale-watching tours where the whales are the ones doing the viewing. These unique interactions are helping to fuel their habitat conservation. Okavango Delta, Botswana For many years, the paddling and steering of traditional mokoros(独木舟) used to take visitors to view wildlife in the Okavango Delta were strictly the territory of men. However, recently a number of female mokoro guides(called “polers”) have started to take up the tradition, leading visitors in search of the elephants, zebras and buffalo. This change is part of a larger trend across the continent to empower women to participate in eco-friendly tourism. Pantanal, Brazil The Pantanal stretches more than 140,000 km² across Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay and is considered the largest wetland on Earth. The northern corner of the Brazilian Pantanal is home to one of the world’s most unique tours. Here, travellers jump on Pantaneiro horses as they navigate the wetland, allowing them to keep their eyes on jaguars, giant anteaters, giant otters, tapir, maned wolves and hundreds of bird species. Langkawi, Malaysia Though closely related to monkeys, the so-called “flying lemur(狐猴)” is actually a unique species found only in forests across South-East Asia. Despite being fairly widespread, very little is known about the large-eyed gliding creature. Nature-focused tours like Jungle Walla offer the best opportunities to see them in the wild. 1. In which destination can women engage in guiding for visitors? A. Pantanal, Brazil. B. Langkawi, Malaysia. C. Okavango Delta, Botswana. D. Laguna San Ignacio, Mexico. 2. What do the Pantanal, Brazil and Langkawi, Malaysia have in common? A. Both the habitats cover a huge area of wetland in the wild. B. Visitors can have the opportunity to see breathtaking scenery. C. Visitors have the opportunity to closely interact with wild animals. D. Both the wild experiences offer nature-focused tourism opportunities. 3. Which column of a magazine does the text belong to? A. Green Living. B. Natural Wonders. C. Climate Change. D. Adventure and Wildlife. 二、阅读七选五 Dogs make wonderful companions, but it’s also true that some dogs will attack if you feel scared or threatened. 1 However, it is advisable to be aware of how to prevent such small incidents. Stay calm and do not panic. There’s some truth to the old saying that dogs and other animals can smell fear. 2 If you become nervous and run or scream, the dog is more likely to attack. Look away, be motionless, and make yourself rigid(僵硬的). When a dog comes near, stand still with your hands at your sides. 3 Always remember to avoid eye contact and excessive(过度的) body movements, as these can send the signal that you’re ready to fight. Do not make a run unless you’re certain you can get away. If you’re not sure, don’t run. Running away can awaken the dog’s prey instinct(捕猎本能) to chase and catch animals. Dogs often chase even if they are just playing. Additionally, you won’t be able to outrun most dogs if you’re on foot. 4 Confuse the dog with another object. For instance, if an angry dog approached you, throw away your backpack or water bottle. This may confuse the dog long enough to give you time to escape. 5 If a violent dog finally cools off a bit as you’re standing still and ignoring it calmly, it’s a sign you’ve got a chance to leave. Move sideways away from the dog as slowly as possible without turning your back or making sudden movements. A. Walk away slowly when the dog calms down. B. Dogs are less likely to attack if you remain calm. C. Even on a bike, many dogs will catch up with you. D. This will scare the dog and give you time to get away. E. The dog will lose interest and walk away in most cases. F. The dog may perceive these violent physical actions as a threat. G. Dog attacks are uncommon and typically result in minor injuries. 三、完形填空 (2024-2025学年高一上·山东济南·阶段练习)One sunny morning, Emma was walking in the park when she 1 a small kitten stuck in a tree. It was 2 and was meowing loudly. Without a second thought, Emma decided to help. She carefully climbed the tree and 3 the kitten. The little kitten was trembling, but Emma’s gentle touch calmed it. She 4 brought it down to safety. Emma decided to take the kitten home, knowing it needed 5 and care. She named it Whiskers and 6 it had a warm place to sleep and lots of food. As days passed, Whiskers grew stronger and more independent. Emma and Whiskers became 7 . They played together every day, bringing joy to each other’s life. One afternoon, Emma noticed Whiskers 8 by the window, looking outside. She realized it might want to explore the world beyond. Feeling 9 , she decided to let Whiskers go out while keeping a close eye on it. To her delight, Whiskers always returned home after its adventures. Emma knew that their 10 had grown even stronger through this trust and freedom. Over time, Whiskers became a beloved part of the neighborhood, making everyone 11 . Emma learned that sometimes, love means 12 and trusting that those who you care for will always recover. Her experience with Whiskers taught her the true meaning of 13 and trust, showing that the relationship between humans and animals can be 14 . Emma’ s story shows that animals can 15 our lives in an unexpected way, bringing happiness and comfort. 1. A. fed B. paid C. lost D. saw 2. A. frightened B. touched C. confused D. annoyed 3. A. threw B. reached C. dropped D. missed 4. A. gracefully B. curiously C. slowly D. suddenly 5. A. freedom B. attention C. space D. water 6. A. made up B. made out C. made sense D. made sure 7. A. strangers B. champions C. friends D. neighbors 8. A. waiting B. sleeping C. sitting D. walking 9. A. awkward B. anxious C. confident D. peaceful 10. A. image B. friendship C. misunderstanding D. competition 11. A. equal B. honored C. happy D. amazed 12. A. letting go B. working out C. coming along D. taking control 13. A. patience B. courage C. generosity D. love 14. A. terrible B. strong C. thankful D. ordinary 15. A. enrich B. promote C. explore D. form 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has made sustained efforts to battle against desertification over the years. From encouraging public participation to adopting policy measures, the country 1 (take) effective and practical steps to control desertification, 2 (transform) poor soil into forests and grasslands. China appointed March 12 as National Tree Planting Day in 1979, and Chinese citizens 3 (voluntary) planted approximately 78.1 billion trees between 1982 and2021 across the vast country. The government has also launched various greening projects, targeting areas 4 deserts have threatened the local ecological environment and narrowed people’s living space. The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program(TSFP), 5 large-scale afforestation project, is a good example. Launched in 1978 and scheduled 6 (complete) in 2050, it has effectively limited the 7 (expand) of desertification and become a “green Great Wall” preventing sandstorms. The project has been acknowledged 8 a successful example of global ecological governance. In addition, China has actively conducted 9 (exchange) and cooperation with Belt and Road countries, and has established an international knowledge management center for desertification prevention and control. Moving forward, the world’s second-largest economy remains 10 (determine) to carve out an eco-friendly path for global green development. 五、书面表达 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校下个月将举办主题为“Save the Wildlife”的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇关于保护野生动物的演讲稿参加此次活动，内容包括： 1. 野生动物生存现状及原因； 2. 保护野生动物的呼吁及具体措施。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为100词左右； 2. 文章开头已给出。 Good morning! I’m honored to stand here to deliver my speech themed “Save the Wildlife”. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mia, 44, had a great start to the day. For the first time in years, she had a good night’s sleep. Her husband and son had gone skiing. While they were on a “man-to-man” vacation, the mother could enjoy her freedom. She could do whatever she wanted for a week. “I’ll take a nap(小睡) before I eat,” Mia thought. She turned around and closed her eyes again. However, a few minutes later, she woke up to a strange sound. “What’s that?” thought Mia. But when the sound stopped, she turned around again. “It’s probably something outside.” She turned back to the other side of the bed. She heard the sound again. She was sure then that the sound was close. She listened. “It’s coming from the window!” she said after focusing on the sound for a bit. She got out of bed and approached the window. Pulling the curtain aside, she couldn’t believe what she saw. There were two little squirrels(松鼠) sleeping in a nest. The sounds were coming from here. The curtain in the room had been closed for the past few weeks, so she hadn’t noticed the lovely animals were making a nest here. “I have to get this on camera,” she thought eagerly. She immediately took her camera and took pictures of the cute squirrels. She couldn’t believe her luck. The two baby squirrels hugged each other inside the nest. Mia could tell how peaceful the little animals felt. The window wouldn’t open, or she would have touched them and injured their heads. “Their mother must have left them alone to look for food,” she thought, trying to get the perfect picture from different angles. Actually, she wanted to take a clear picture of their cute, sleepy faces. However, she got the shock of her life when she brought the camera closer to the squirrels. She saw an eagle staying on a tree opposite, looking at the little squirrels hungrily. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Seeing this, Mia started to shake.____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Horribly, the eagle began attacking the nest while Mia waited for the firefighters.______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$