专题微练4 推理判断题——隐含推断题(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2025年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

专题微练4　推理判断题——隐含推断题 [对应学生用书P144] A (2024·江西赣州模拟)For Mireille Kamariza，a graduate student at one of the world's top universities，the fight against tuberculosis (TB) (结核病)，which sickens nearly 10 million people a year，is not just about scientific progress and reputation.It's personal. Kamariza grew up in the small African country of Burundi，where many around her were stricken with TB.In Burundi，it's rare for girls to attend college.“Science was something that Europeans and Americans did，” she says.“It was for other people — not for me.” “I never dreamt Kamariza would become a scientist because it is a career path that is unknown in Burundi，” says Denise Sinankwa，Kamariza's mother.She and her husband were raising four kids，and Sinankwa often did multiple jobs to feed the family.But Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in school.She wanted her daughter to land a good­paying job and be able to support herself. When Kamariza was 17，she went to San Diego，US，in the fall of 2006 with her brothers.They took various jobs at grocery stores，restaurants and shops.At San Diego Mesa College，she met Saloua Saidane，her chemistry teacher，who was a fellow French­speaking African.“She started my journey into science.She really pushed me and kept motivating me and telling me I should aim high.Whatever she told me，I did，” says Kamariza.She is now a graduate student at Stanford University. Kamariza wanted to focus on infectious disease.So she started brainstorming with her partner，another graduate student，to figure out a quicker way to diagnose TB.They eventually came up with a new test that recognises a sugar，called trehalose，that is only found in TB bacteria (细菌).Current TB tests take a lot of time and effort and are not very sensitive—some infections are missed.TB cultures are more reliable but take six weeks to produce a result.Kamariza's methods could make TB diagnoses simpler and more accurate. In 2018，Harvard offered Kamariza a position in its Society of Fellows.“I'm the first black woman biologist at the society，” she says.“At that point，it's not about me any more.It's what I represent.” [语篇解读]　记叙文。本文讲述了生于布隆迪的Mireille Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病的方法的故事。 1．What can we infer about Denise Sinankwa? A．She once got infected with TB. B．She dreamt about being a scientist. C.She valued her daughter's education. D．She encouraged her kids to study science. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in school.She wanted her daughter to land a good­paying job and be able to support herself.”可知，Denise Sinankwa重视女儿的教育。故选C。 2．What does Kamariza say about Saloua Saidane? A．Saidane had a big influence on her. B．Saidane seldom spoke highly of her. C．Saidane had unrealistic expectations. D．Saidane was unfriendly to her students. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘She started my journey into science.She really pushed me and kept motivating me and telling me I should aim high.Whatever she told me，I did，’ says Kamariza”可知，卡玛扎认为萨鲁·赛丹对她影响很大。故选A。 3．Why did Kamariza work with her partner? A．To shorten the time used to cure TB. B．To produce more reliable TB cultures. C．To develop a faster test to diagnose TB. D．To figure out the bacteria leading to TB. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“So she started brainstorming with her partner，another graduate student，to figure out a quicker way to diagnose TB.”可知，卡玛扎要和她的搭档合作是为了开发一种更快的结核病诊断方法。故选C。 4．What can we learn from Kamariza's experience? A.Luck often plays a vital part in scientific research. B.We should pursue our passions despite difficulties. C.Hard work does not necessarily pay off eventually. D．Scientific progress and the reputation matter equally. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘I'm the first black woman biologist at the society，’ she says.‘At that point，it's not about me any more.It's what I represent.’”再结合文章讲述了生于布隆迪的Mireille Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病的方法的故事。可知，Kamariza的经历告诉我们即使困难重重，我们：应该追求我们的酷爱。故选B。 B (2024·湖北武昌区质量检测)Electric vehicles (EVs) are due for huge upgrades in driving range and charging times as new battery technologies are introduced.Lithium (Li) ­ion (锂离子) batteries could be out of date in a few years as alternatives like Li­sulfur，Li­air and Li­metal enter production.Meanwhile，quantum (量子) battery charging promises to reduce charge times from hours to seconds. Scientists at the University of Michigan have produced a stable Li­sulfur battery using Kevlar，the material used in body armor，to increase the amount it can be charged and discharged.Fibers in the Kevlar stop certain parts of lithium from growing between the electrodes (电极) and destroying the battery.Research group leader Nicholas Kotov called the design “nearly perfect” in terms of capacity and efficiency.The battery can handle summer heat and winter cold extremes，and in real­world driving conditions，its lifespan should be 1，000 cycles or ten years. Sulfur is a great alternative for EVs because it is a tiny amount of the cost of metals like what is used in Li­ion battery electrodes，and there is simply more of it.Mainstream electric cars fitted with its battery could achieve around 900 miles on a single charge.Battery researchers say the Li­sulfur battery's energy density could theoretically be 10 times higher than the best Li­ion battery，so it will drive further，be safer and more environmentally friendly，for less money. In Japan，university researchers have teamed up with a telecommunications company to develop a Li­air battery with an energy density (500 Wh/kg) two to five times better than Li­ion. Newer quantum technologies that will speed up vehicle charging times are added to these breakthroughs in battery materials and energy density.Li­metal，often talked about as solid­state batteries，are long­lasting and capable of rapid charging，especially when they are paired with quantum technologies that connect all the battery cells simultaneously.And once investments in quantum charging and batteries are made，it could revolutionize transport and the way we use energy worldwide. [语篇解读]　新闻报道。文章报道了电动汽车电池技术的新进展，包括新型电池材料和量子充电技术的应用，这些新技术有望大幅提升电动汽车的续航里程和充电速度。 5．What can we learn about Kevlar? A．It will speed up vehicle charging. B．It can lengthen battery's cycle life. C．It can boost EV range to 1000 miles. D．It will break down in extreme weather. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，用凯夫拉尔制造的锂硫电池可以延长电池循环使用寿命。故选B。 6．Why is Sulfur a fantastic option for EVs? A．It has been tested in Li­ion battery. B．It is less expensive and more accessible. C．Li­sulfur battery has been installed in mainstream EVs. D．Li­sulfur battery features a higher energy density than Li­metal. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段“Sulfur is a great alternative for EVs because it is a tiny amount of the cost of metals like what is used in Li­ion battery electrodes，and there is simply more of it.”可知，因为硫更便宜，更容易获得，所以是电动汽车的绝佳选择。故选B。 7．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Quantum technologies give rise to Li­metal. B．Battery materials determine vehicle charging speed. C．Li­metal is more efficient in charging than Li­sulfur. D．More investments are needed in quantum technology. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，一旦对量子充电和电池进行投资，它可能会彻底改变全球的交通运输和我们使用能源的方式，所以量子技术需要更多的投资。故选D。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Which Battery Suits Evs Best? B．What Is The Future Road Of EVs? C．Why Will Li­ion Batteries Be Replaced? D．How Will Reformed Lithium Batteries Influence Evs? 解析　D　主旨大意题。根据第一段并纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了电动汽车电池技术的新进展，包括新型电池材料和量子充电技术的应用，这些新技术有望大幅提升电动汽车的续航里程和充电速度。故选D。 C Much of Earth is unexplored.An ocean census (普查) hopes to change that. “Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun.After all，two­thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all，but by oceans of water. Because humans are land animals，most of the Earth remains under­explored.Marine (海洋的) biologists think the oceans might host more than 2 million species of marine animals，of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth. A new initiative hopes to change this.Launched in London on April 27th，Ocean Census aims to discover 100，000 new species of marine animal over the coming decade.It is backed by Nekton，a British marine­research institute，and the Nippon foundation，Japan's biggest charitable foundation.Its first ship，the Norwegian icebreaker Kronprins Haakon，set sail on April 29th，bound for the Barents Sea. The initiative is happening for two reasons.One is that the longer scientists wait，the less there will be to identify.Climate change is heating the oceans，as well as making them more acidic (酸的) as carbon dioxide dissolves goes into the water.Already around half the world's coral reefs (珊瑚)—thought to be home to around 25% of all ocean species—have been lost.Oliver Steeds，Nekton's founder，says that one of Ocean Census's priorities will be identifying species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change.The second reason is technological.Marine biologists find about 2，000 new species a year，a rate hardly changed since Darwin's day.Ocean Census is betting it can go faster. Exactly what the new effort might turn up is impossible to predict.But history suggests it will be fruitful.Half a century ago scientists discovered hot vents (喷口) on the sea bed.These days，such vents are one possible candidate for the origin of all life on Earth.There are more practical benefits，too.Many drugs，for example，come originally from biological substance.An ocean full of unidentified life will almost certainly prove a rich mine from which to mine more. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要说明了科学家倡议进行海洋普查，来深入了解地球，并解释了这一举措背后的原因。 9．Why is “Earth” an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun? A．Its climate is changing rapidly. B．Humans have not explored much of it. C．Most of its surface is covered by water. D．It hosts a large number of marine animals. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段“‘Earth’ has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun.After all，two­thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all，but by oceans of water.”可知，用“地球”这个名字来称呼离太阳第三远的行星是一个奇怪的选择，是因为它的大部分表面被水覆盖。故选C。 10．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．The rate of discovering new species won't change. B．The new initiative will mainly focus on coral reefs. C．Climate change has a great impact on marine species. D．Scientists have identified nearly all the species in the ocean. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，气候变化对海洋物种有很大的影响。故选C。 11．What might be the potential benefits of the Ocean Census according to the last paragraph? A．It may result in a reduction in overfishing. B．It may lead to the discovery of new drugs. C.It may contribute to the advancement of technology. D．It may prove the oceans are our life­support system. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Many drugs，for example，come originally from biological substance.An ocean full of unidentified life will almost certainly prove a rich mine from which to mine more.”可知，海洋普查的潜在好处是可能导致新药的发现。故选B。 12．What's the best title for the text? A．The Endangered Planet B．Reducing Sea Pollution：A Global Initiative C．How to Protect the Oceans? D．The Misnamed Earth：Exploring the Ocean's Secrets 解析　D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Much of Earth is unexplored.An ocean census (普查) hopes to change that.”结合文章主要说明了科学家倡议进行海洋普查，来深入了解地球，解释了这一举措背后的原因。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$