Unit1 Nature in the balance Grammar(分层练习)- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（译林版2020必修第三册）

2025学年高一年级英语同步精品课堂（译林版） Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar（原卷版） 一、写出句子中省略的部分 1．(...) Sounds great. (省略主语) 2．Who (...) next? (省略谓语) 3．—Where is Kate? —I don’t know (...). (省略宾语) 4．(...) Understand? (省略主谓) 5．—Are you hungry? —Yes, I am (...). (省略表语) 二、单项选择 1．Anyone will be fired if ________in the test. A．catching cheated B．caught cheating C．to catch cheating D．was caught cheated 2．When in good hands, tasks are completed efficiently and with care. A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 3．Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when _________ in large amounts or after 2 pm. A．consumed B．being consumed C．consuming D．having consumed 4．Although the doctor was late, the surgery went ________ . A．as schedule B．as scheduled C．on schedule D．on scheduled 5．I won’t go to the party even if ________. A．inviting B．being invited C．invited D．having invited 6．Unless ________ to speak, you should keep silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．to invite D．being invited 7．Sincerely hope you can come. , I will reserve a seat next to me for you. A．If so B．If necessary C．If not D．If any 8．When deeply ________ in work, ________ was often the case, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A．absorbing; that B．absorbing; which C．absorbed; it D．absorbed; as 9．Though ________ with COVID-19, he continued working while staying at home. A．affected B．having affected C．was affected D．affecting 10．While _____________ in the street, he met his old friend by chance. A．to walk B．walking C．walked D．having walked 一、翻译下列句子 1．如果需要的话，这篇文章可以加长到六千字。（汉译英） 2．疾病比预计的传播得快，但是他们及时采取了措施。(状语从句的省略)(汉译英) 3．如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。(help sb. out) （汉译英） 4．I prefer pasta to pizza when dining out.(英译汉) 5．If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to work on a sport-based project. (英译汉) 6．Do you feel frightened when going into the wilderness alone? (英译汉) 二、单句语法填空 1．While (cross) the street, she ran into a car and her knees got badly hurt. 2．When not (allow) to sleep, lab rats die within a month. 3．Now, if (compare) different languages, you notice that they have a lot in common. 4．Though (tire), he still kept working. 5．Even if (invite), I wouldn’t go to attend the party. 6．The team will continue to the finals unless (defeat) in the next match. 7．Once (complete), they would cut transport costs by up to 25%. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's 1 ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 2 means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few 3 (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 4 the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the 5 (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 6 (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it 7 (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 8 (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 9 (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 10 (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025学年高一年级英语同步精品课堂（译林版） Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar（解析版） 一、写出句子中省略的部分 1．(...) Sounds great. (省略主语) 2．Who (...) next? (省略谓语) 3．—Where is Kate? —I don’t know (...). (省略宾语) 4．(...) Understand? (省略主谓) 5．—Are you hungry? —Yes, I am (...). (省略表语) 【答案】1．It/That 2．is 3．where she is 4．Do you 5．hungry 【解析】1．考查省略。句意：听起来不错。省略了主语，补全应为It/That sounds great。故填It/That。 2．考查省略。句意：下一个是谁？省略了系动词，补全应为Who is next?。故填is。 3．考查省略。句意：——凯特在哪里？——我不知道。省略了宾语，补全应为I don’t know where she is，意为“我不知道她在哪里”。故填where she is。 4．考查省略。句意：明白吗？省略了主谓，补全应为Do you understand?，意为“你明白吗？”。故填Do you。 5．考查省略。句意：——你饿吗？——是的，我是（饿了）。省略了表语，补全应为Yes, I am hungry，意为“是的，我是饿了”。故填hungry。 二、单项选择 1．Anyone will be fired if ________in the test. A．catching cheated B．caught cheating C．to catch cheating D．was caught cheated 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。句意：任何被当场发现考试作弊的都将被开除。句中catch sb. doing为固定短语，意为“当场发现某人做某事”，cheat意为“作弊”使用动名词形式作宾语；同时if引导的条件状语从句完整句子应是：if anyone is caught cheating，意为“如果当场发现作弊”，因主语和主句主语一致，可同时省略主语和be动词，构成状语从句的省略结构。故选B。 2．When in good hands, tasks are completed efficiently and with care. A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果交给好的人，任务就会高效、小心地完成。When引导的是时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，leave和tasks之间是动宾关系，这里应用被动语态，省略了从句的主语和be动词后，空处应用过去分词，表示被动。When left in good hands补充完整为When they are left in good hands。故选A。 3．Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when _________ in large amounts or after 2 pm. A．consumed B．being consumed C．consuming D．having consumed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：咖啡可能会引起睡眠障碍，尤其是大量饮用后或在下午两点以后饮用。此处为状语从句的省略，且consume意为“吃；喝；饮用”，与句子主语 coffee构成逻辑上的动宾关系，省略be动词，故用过去分词形式。故选A。 4．Although the doctor was late, the surgery went ________ . A．as schedule B．as scheduled C．on schedule D．on scheduled 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然医生迟到了，但手术还是按计划进行了。这里表示按计划进行，应用as scheduled，为状语从句的省略结构，省略了主语和be动词。选项A和D形式不正确，C项on schedule意为“如期”，不符合题意。故选B。 5．I won’t go to the party even if ________. A．inviting B．being invited C．invited D．having invited 【答案】C 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：即使被邀请，我也不会去参加聚会。even if引导让步状语从句，结合语意，从句主语应用I，且invite与I之间是被动关系，从句应用被动语态，即be invited，状语从句中，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句的谓语动词中含有be动词的形式，则省略从句主语和be动词，即even if invited。故选C项。 6．Unless ________ to speak, you should keep silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．to invite D．being invited 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被邀请发言，否则你应该在课堂上保持沉默。此处为条件状语从句中，省略“主语+be”结构，条件状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be”，该句中从句主语和主句主语均为you，且invite与主语you之间为被动关系，谓语为are invited，此处可以省略“you are”，所以使用过去分词invited。故选A项。 7．Sincerely hope you can come. , I will reserve a seat next to me for you. A．If so B．If necessary C．If not D．If any 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：真诚地希望您能来。如果您来的话，我会为您在我旁边预留一个座位。A. If so如果是这样；B. If necessary如果有必要；C. If not如果不是这样；D. If any如果有的话。根据“I will reserve a seat next to me for you”可知，如果你能来，我会给你留座。此处用if so，该结构为英语中常见的省略形式，意思是 “如果这样的话” 或者 “如果是这样”。这里的so指代的是前一句中提到的情况，即“您能来”的情况。故选A。 8．When deeply ________ in work, ________ was often the case, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A．absorbing; that B．absorbing; which C．absorbed; it D．absorbed; as 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：当他全神贯注地工作时，他常常会忘记吃饭和睡觉。一空处为when引导的时间状语从句，从句中主语为he，谓语为固定搭配：be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于”，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且谓语动词含有be的某种形式时，从句中主语和be可省略，所以一空处填absorbed，二空处引导非限制性定语从句，as is often the case情况常常如此，为固定表达，故选D项。 9．Though ________ with COVID-19, he continued working while staying at home. A．affected B．having affected C．was affected D．affecting 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：虽然感染了新冠肺炎，但他仍然在家工作。Though引导的是让步状语从句，从句部分没有主语，是省略句，affect意为“感染”，和he逻辑上是被动关系，因此用其过去分词形式。故选A。 10．While _____________ in the street, he met his old friend by chance. A．to walk B．walking C．walked D．having walked 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句的省略用法。句意：他在街上散步时，偶然遇到了他的老朋友。分析句子可知，此处为连词while“当……时候”引导的时间状语从句的省略用法，此处是时间状语从句while he was walking in the street，当主从句主语一致且从句含be动词时可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处为省略he was。故选B。 一、翻译下列句子 1．如果需要的话，这篇文章可以加长到六千字。（汉译英） 【答案】The article can be extended to six thousand words if necessary. 【详解】考查语态和状语从句的省略。表示“如果需要的话”用if necessary，该结构为if引导条件状语从句的省略结构，其完整结构为if it is necessary；表示“文章”用the article；表示“可以”用情态动词can；表示“加长到……”用extend to，article与extend之间是被动关系，故使用情态动词的被动语态结构，即can be extended，表示“六千字”用six thousand words。故翻译为The article can be extended to six thousand words if necessary. 2．疾病比预计的传播得快，但是他们及时采取了措施。(状语从句的省略)(汉译英) 【答案】The disease was spreading faster than (it was) expected, but they took action in time. 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和时态、固定短语。表示“疾病”用disease，作主语，此处为特指，disease前加the，句首单词首字母大写。表示“传播”用spread，句子描述过去正在发生的事情，时态用过去进行时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。表示“更快”用faster。表示“比”用than，引导比较状语从句，从句中：用it作主语；表示“预计”用expect，与主语为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用was expected，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，故than引导的比较状语从句省略it was。用连词but连接两个句子，but后的句子中：表示“他们”用they，作主语，表示“采取措施”用take action，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式；表示“及时”用固定短语in time。故翻译为The disease was spreading faster than (it was) expected, but they took action in time. 3．如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。(help sb. out) （汉译英） 【答案】He will help you out if (it is) possible. 【详解】考查状语从句、省略结构和固定搭配。根据“会”可知，主句表示将来，应用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来。“如果可能的话”可翻译为if引导的条件状语从句，“可能”可表示为possible，即if it is possible，这里可以省略it is，得到if possible；“帮……摆脱困境”可表示为help sb. out，out为副词。故本句可翻译为：He will help you out if (it is) possible. 4．I prefer pasta to pizza when dining out.(英译汉) 【答案】外出就餐时，我比起披萨更喜欢意大利面。 【详解】考查短语和状语从句。主语为I；prefer…to…表示“比起……更喜欢”；pizza表示“披萨”；pasta表示“意大利面”；when dining out为状语从句的省略，表示“外出就餐时”。故翻译为：外出就餐时，我比起披萨更喜欢意大利面。 5．If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to work on a sport-based project. (英译汉) 【答案】如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，一个人将需要从事一个基于体育的项目。 【详解】考查条件状语从句的省略和时态。如果从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。If selected as an IOC Young Leader的完整句式为if one is selected as...，意为“如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖”，one will need to work on a sport-based project意为“一个人将需要从事一个基于体育的项目”，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，故翻译为如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，一个人将需要从事一个基于体育的项目。 6．Do you feel frightened when going into the wilderness alone? (英译汉) 【答案】你一个人进入荒野感到恐惧吗？ 【详解】考查疑问句、时间状语从句。分析句子结构，本句为一般疑问句，其中包含时间状语从句。when going into the wilderness alone为状语从句的省略形式，完整的句子为：when you are going into the wilderness alone，翻译为“进入荒野的时候”；Do you feel frightened? 为一般疑问句，翻译为“你感到恐惧吗？”，故翻译为：你一个人进入荒野感到恐惧吗？ 二、单句语法填空 1．While (cross) the street, she ran into a car and her knees got badly hurt. 【答案】crossing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：过马路时，她撞上了一辆汽车，膝盖受了重伤。while引导时间状语从句，主语为she，时态为过去进行时，谓语结构为was crossing，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，省略从句的主语和be动词，保留现在分词。故填crossing。 2．When not (allow) to sleep, lab rats die within a month. 【答案】allowed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当不允许睡觉时，实验室的老鼠会在一个月内死亡。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。“When not (allow) to sleep”是时间状语从句，原句为“When lab rats are not allowed to sleep”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略lab rats are后，应保留过去分词allowed。故填allowed。 3．Now, if (compare) different languages, you notice that they have a lot in common. 【答案】comparing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：现在，如果你在比较不同的语言，你会注意到它们有很多共同点。根据所给动词compare和空格前的if可知，if引导的应该是条件状语从句；从句的主语与主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。动词compare和主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填comparing。 4．Though (tire), he still kept working. 【答案】tired 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他虽然累了，但还是继续工作。though 引导的状语从句中，从句主语 he 与主句主语一致，且谓语含有 be 动词，可省略 he was，“尽管累了” 用 Though tired。故填 tired。 5．Even if (invite), I wouldn’t go to attend the party. 【答案】invited 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：即使被邀请，我也不会去参加聚会的。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等引导的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词；句中“Even if (invite)”是让步状语从句，原句为“Even if I was invited”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略I was后，保留过去分词invited。故填invited。 6．The team will continue to the finals unless (defeat) in the next match. 【答案】defeated 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这支球队将会继续进入决赛，除非在下一场比赛中被击败。unless引导的条件状语从句为“unless the team is defeated in the next match”，当条件状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，剩下过去分词作状语。故填defeated。 7．Once (complete), they would cut transport costs by up to 25%. 【答案】completed 【详解】考查时态，语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：一旦建成，它们将减少高达25%的运输成本。once引导的条件状语从句表示“一旦它们被建成”，用一般现在时的被动语态，即once they are completed，状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是completed。故填completed。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's 1 ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 2 means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few 3 (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 4 the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the 5 (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 6 (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it 7 (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 8 (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 9 (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 10 (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 【答案】 1．an 2．which 3．months 4．for 5．most effective 6．really 7．sounds 8．reading 9．their 10．learned 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。 1．考查冠词。句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填“一个”，欧宁以元音音素开头， “一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。 2．考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。 3．考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。故填months。 4．考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填介词for。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“最有效的方法之一”，因此填most effective。 6．考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词 read，因此填really。 7．考查谓语动词。句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds. 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填reading。 9．考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”， words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$