精品解析：中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试（清华大学）2024年12月测试高三英语试题

标准学术能力诊断性测试2024年12月测试 英语试卷 本试卷共150分 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In Thailand, human-elephant conflict is increasing. To local farmers, elephants threaten their safety and economic livelihood. Bring the Elephant Home(BTEH) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to increase chances of survival for elephants and work towards a world in which people and elephants can live in harmony, benefiting from each other’ existence. BTEH’ projects root in local communities. Their work is characterized by three principles: local involvement, a healthy ecology, and benefits for people and elephants simultaneously (同时地). They lead to shared decision making, ownership of local communities, sustainability, and a peaceful coexistence of people and animals. A group of BTEH researchers and local farmer volunteers are experimenting with how to make the plantations less appealing to elephants and prevent them from coming into the farms. And the Tom Yum Project comes into being. The name of the Tom Yum Project comes from the Thai soup. The ingredients (原料) for the soup are chili, garlic, lemongrass, and onion — none of which are attractive to elephants. This project gives hope to alternative crops as a solution to human-elephant conflict in Thailand. The project works in the following steps. Step 1 The community-run Tom Yum Tree Nursery creates alternative crop seedlings Step 2 Working together, farmers plant, water and maintain alternative crops. Step 3 Regenerative, pesticide-free (无农药) farming benefits biodiversity. Step 4 Farmers harvest crops and create organic products in eco-friendly packaging. Step 5 Consumers make a difference by buying products to create demand for this solution. Step 6 Profits are used to restore elephant habitat and support local farmers. The Tom Yum Project is the first research and community-based alternative crop planting initiative to promote human-elephant coexistence. Now, some similar projects will be carried out in Sri Lanka. 1. What is the primary mission of BTEH? A. To catch and relocate elephants. B. To ensure human-elephant coexistence. C. To promote tourism in Thailand. D. To provide food and resources to local farmers. 2. How can consumers contribute to the success of the Tom Yum Project? A. They can provide government assistance. B. They can purchase products from the project. C. They can decrease the elephant population. D. They can reduce their consumption of agricultural products. 3. Tom Yum Project aims to benefit both local farmers and elephants by ________. A. providing financial aid to farmers B. teaching farmers how to cook Thai food C. minimizing human-elephant conflict D. increasing the number of elephants in the area 4. According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the Tom Yum Project’s approach? A. Costly but appealing. B. Demanding and unreliable. C. Innovative and sustainable. D. Ineffective but time-consuming. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Tom Yum这一项目，其目的是为了降低种植园对大象的吸引力，并阻止它们进入农场，从而促进人类和大象的和谐共存。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Bring the Elephant Home(BTEH) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to increase chances of survival for elephants and work towards a world in which people and elephants can live in harmony, benefiting from each other’ existence.(把大象带回家（BTEH）是一个非营利组织，其使命是增加大象的生存机会，并致力于建立一个人和大象可以和谐相处、从彼此的存在中受益的世界。)”可知，BTEH的首要任务是建立一个人和大象和谐相处的世界，是为了确保人和大象的共存。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中Step 5“Consumers make a difference by buying products to create demand for this solution.(消费者通过购买产品来创造对这种解决方法的需求，从而一定的做出贡献。)”可知，消费者可以通过购买其产品来促进项目的成功。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A group of BTEH researchers and local farmer volunteers are experimenting with how to make the plantations less appealing to elephants and prevent them from coming into the farms. And the Tom Yum Project comes into being.(一群BTEH的研究人员和当地农民志愿者正在试验如何降低种植园对大象的吸引力，并阻止它们进入农场。因此，Tom Yum项目应运而生。)”、第四段中“This project gives hope to alternative crops as a solution to human-elephant conflict in Thailand.(这个项目为泰国解决人象冲突的替代作物带来了希望)”和以及最后一段“The Tom Yum Project is the first research and community-based alternative crop planting initiative to promote human-elephant coexistence.(Tom Yum项目是第一个以研究和社区为基础的替代作物种植倡议，旨在促进人类和大象的共存。)”可知，Tom Yum项目通过降低种植园对大象的吸引力，从而将人和大象的冲突最小化，促进人象共存。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The Tom Yum Project is the first research and community-based alternative crop planting initiative to promote human-elephant coexistence.(Tom Yum项目是第一个以研究和社区为基础的替代作物种植倡议，旨在促进人类和大象的共存。)”可知，Tom Yum项目是第一个研究和社区为基础的替代作物种植倡议，因此它是创新的；且它的目的是为了促进人类和大象的共存，因此它是可持续的。故选C。 B Eleven o’clock at night saw a large woman with a large purse walking alone, when a boy ran up behind and tried to snatch (抢夺) her purse. But the boy lost his balance and fell on his back. The woman picked him up firmly by his shirt front. “Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?” shouted the woman. Two or three people passed, stopped, and stood watching. “I’m very sorry, lady. I’m sorry,” whispered the skinny little boy, in broken tennis shoes. “Um-hum! And your face is dirty,” said the large woman dragging the frightened boy. “Since you put yourself in contact with me, you are going to remember Mrs. Luella Jones.” He began to struggle, but Mrs. Jones continued to drag him up the street. When she got to her door, she dragged the boy inside. “What’s your name?” the woman asked. “Roger,” answered the boy in a low voice. “Then, Roger, you go to that sink and wash your face,” ordered the woman and finally let go of him. “You gonna take me to jail (监狱)?” asked Roger, bending over the sink. “Not with that face,” said Mrs. Jones. “I believe you were hungry to snatch my purse.” “I wanted a pair of blue shoes,” replied the boy. There was a long pause. After he had dried his face, the boy turned around. The door was open. He could run! After a while the woman said, “I was young once and I wanted things I could not get. I have done things too, which I would not tell anybody else, son.” There was another long pause. The boy’s mouth opened. Then Mrs. Jones went to do the cooking. She did not watch the boy to see if he was going to run, nor did she watch her purse left behind her. She did not ask him anything about where he lived, or his folks. Instead, as they ate, she told him a lot about her job in a hotel shop and how all kinds of people came in and out. She cut him another piece of her cake. When they finished eating, she got up and said, “Now, here, take this ten dollars and buy yourself some blue shoes. Do not make the mistake, because shoes come by devilish ways like that will burn your feet.” She led him to the front door. “Good night! Behave yourself, son!” she said, looking out into the street. 5. How did Mrs. Jones react after catching Roger? A. She called the police. B. She scolded him seriously. C. She ignored him. D. She took him home. 6. Roger felt ________ when hearing Mrs. Jone’s past. A. scared B. impatient C. calm D. shocked 7. What might Roger have learned from his encounter with Mrs. Jones? A. Crime is never justified. B. People can be understanding. C. Strong people are intimidating. D. Money is the only solution. 【答案】5. D 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个深夜，一个胖女人遭遇小偷抢包，最后她并未报警，反而带小偷回家，给他洗净脸，还给了他十美元买鞋。在交流过程中，女人讲述了自己年轻时的经历，教育小偷不要走上错误的道路。最后，她将小偷送出门口，告诫他要好好做人。文章通过这个故事传递了关爱和教育的力量。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“He began to struggle, but Mrs. Jones continued to drag him up the street. When she got to her door, she dragged the boy inside.(他开始挣扎，但琼斯太太继续拖着他沿街走。当她走到门口时，她把男孩拖了进去)”可知，琼斯太太抓住罗杰后，把他带回家了。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“After a while the woman said, “I was young once and I wanted things I could not get. I have done things too, which I would not tell anybody else, son.” There was another long pause. The boy’s mouth opened.(过了一会儿，女人说：“我曾经年轻过，想要得不到的东西。我也做过一些我不会告诉别人的事，孩子。”又是一阵长时间的沉默。男孩张了张嘴)”可知，罗杰听到琼斯夫人的过去后，张着嘴说不出话，说明他感到震惊。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“After a while the woman said, “I was young once and I wanted things I could not get. I have done things too, which I would not tell anybody else, son.” There was another long pause. The boy’s mouth opened.(过了一会儿，女人说：“我曾经年轻过，想要得不到的东西。我也做过一些我不会告诉别人的事，孩子。”又是一阵长时间的沉默。男孩张了张嘴)”可知，琼斯夫人和罗杰分享了自己的过去，从而想要表示自己能够理解他的犯罪行为，故推测罗杰从与琼斯夫人的相遇中明白了人们可以彼此理解。故选B。 C Time is one of humanity’s greatest blind spots. We experience it as days, months or years. But nature functions on much grander scales, measured in centuries, and even longer phases often grouped as “deep time”. Human’s shortsightedness around time creates major limits on modern conservation. As the climate and biodiversity crises accelerate, we are urgently working to protect and regenerate ecosystems without understanding how they functioned when they were truly doing well. A deep time perspective can help change that. Take forest management. For decades, our practices called for all-out prevention of even the mildest forest fires, believing that fire was bad for both people and nonhuman nature. Until recently we ignored the forest management strategies indigenous (土著的) communities had successfully used for centuries, in particular the application of small-scale controlled burns. Fire, it turns out, has always been an integral ingredient in healthy forest ecosystems, promoting new growth by thinning the understory. Today, we are beginning to see widespread application of indigenous knowledge to forest management, tapping into this ancient wisdom. But how can we know what an ecosystem looked like centuries ago? One pathway is through modern mathematical modeling. We have married it with streams of long-term data and discovered a possible way to preserve the ecosystem of California’s kelp forest. By examining how North Pacific kelp forests existed long before the 19th century, we found that we have ignored the presence of a keystone species — the Steller’s Sea cow, and its role in maintaining the harmony of this ecosystem. Our model described the interactions between giant kelp and understory algae competing for light and space on the seafloor. Then we ran the model again, but this time with the Steller’s Sea cow added in. These mammals fed on the leaves from the upper kelp layers. This allowed light to reach the sea bottom, which in turn stimulated the growth of not only the kelp but other kinds of organisms. In re-creating that vanished historical system that included the Steller’s Sea cow, we could see a more diverse forest where the understory competed better with kelp. In short, what we assume we know about an ecosystem based on the recent past may impede our ability to fully understand and protect it. To ensure that our boldest conservation efforts are successful, we must begin looking at time as an essential tool. 8. What is a major barrier to effective conservation efforts, according to the passage? A. The growing biodiversity crisis. B. Hesitation to adopt a deep time viewpoint. C. Insufficient understanding of deep time. D. Unawareness of management techniques. 9. What does “keystone species” most likely mean in paragraph 3? A. A species that is at the top of the food chain. B. A species that is rarely found in an ecosystem. C. A species that is invasive and harmful to the environment. D. A species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem. 10. From the passage, we can conclude that ________. A. the neglect of the Steller’s Sea cow caused ecological disruption B. the Steller’s Sea cows promoted growth in the understory C. there’s a current emphasis on preventing fires instead of using controlled burns D. mathematical modeling is more important than traditional knowledge 11. What is the primary focus of the passage? A. The negative effects of modern forest management practices. B. The role of indigenous knowledge in ecosystem management. C. The significance of climate change on biodiversity. D. The importance of understanding historical ecosystems for conservation. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人类对时间的短视如何限制了对生态系统的理解和保护，并通过森林管理和海藻森林的例子，说明了深度时间视角的重要性，强调应把深度时间视为保护生态系统的重要工具。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But nature functions on much grander scales, measured in centuries, and even longer phases often grouped as “deep time”. Human’s shortsightedness around time creates major limits on modern conservation. (但大自然在更大的尺度上发挥作用，以世纪为单位，甚至是通常被归类为“深度时间”的更长的阶段。人类在时间上的短视对现代环境保护造成了重大限制)”可知，文章称，不愿采用深度时间观是有效保护措施的主要障碍。故选B项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线部分的下文“the Steller’s Sea cow, and its role in maintaining the harmony of this ecosystem (斯特拉海牛，以及它在维持生态系统和谐方面的作用)”和下一段中“Then we ran the model again, but this time with the Steller’s Sea cow added in. These mammals fed on the leaves from the upper kelp layers. This allowed light to reach the sea bottom, which in turn stimulated the growth of not only the kelp but other kinds of organisms. (然后我们再次运行模型，但这次加入了斯特拉海牛。这些哺乳动物以上层海藻层的叶子为食。这使得光线能够到达海底，这反过来不仅刺激了海藻的生长，还刺激了其他生物的生长)”可知，斯特拉海牛属于画线部分所指的对象，这种哺乳动物的饮食习惯使得海底的生态系统得以良性地发展。对比所给选项可知，画线部分意为“在维持生态系统结构中起关键作用的物种”。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“These mammals fed on the leaves from the upper kelp layers. This allowed light to reach the sea bottom, which in turn stimulated the growth of not only the kelp but other kinds of organisms. (这些哺乳动物以上层海藻层的叶子为食。这使得光线能够到达海底，这反过来不仅刺激了海藻的生长，还刺激了其他生物的生长)”可推知，斯特拉海牛促进了下层植被的生长。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“As the climate and biodiversity crises accelerate, we are urgently working to protect and regenerate ecosystems without understanding how they functioned when they were truly doing well. A deep time perspective can help change that. (随着气候和生物多样性危机的加速，我们正在紧急地努力保护和恢复生态系统，而不了解它们在真正运转良好时是如何运作的。深度时间视角可以帮助改变这一点)”和最后一段中“To ensure that our boldest conservation efforts are successful, we must begin looking at time as an essential tool. (为了确保我们最大胆的保护努力取得成功，我们必须开始把时间视为一个必不可少的工具)”可知，文章围绕在生态系统保护中运用深度时间的必要性展开，首先指出人类对时间的短视限制了对生态系统的理解和保护，然后通过森林管理和海藻森林的例子，说明深度时间视角很重要，最后强调应把深度时间视为保护生态系统的重要工具。因此，这篇文章的主要焦点是了解历史生态系统对保护的重要性。故选D项。 D When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare. Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening. Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond — the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own. Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn’t you agree...?” or “Don’t you think...?” These questions have strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or her view. And you’d better stay away from some personal questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or for the story behind a piece of jewelry they’re wearing. Also good are expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that when people who don’t know each other well ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they spend time together achieving a task. Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side traps when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say. The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle voice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be. 12 Which of the following does not affect our ability to listen effectively? A. Schools ignore teaching listening skills. B. People prefer texting over making phone calls. C. There is a decline in our confidence regarding listening. D. The sounds we make contribute to a noisy environment. 13. Paragraph 3 emphasizes that ________. A. individuals should ensure they are understood B. effective listening is a multi-faceted process C. the reasons behind the decline of listening skills D. conversation context is more important than listening itself 14. People should ________ while listening. A. be present with their mind B. propose some creative questions C. concentrate on the speaker’s personal details D. discover shared interests with the speaker 15. We may conclude from the passage that ________. A. effective listening will not do without questions B. a clear mind in listeners enhances the speaker’s clarity C. effective listeners gain significant benefits D. both listening and speaking require equal focus 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失落的倾听艺术，分析了导致倾听艺术遗失的一些因素、好的倾听者所具有的一些特点和倾听所带来的潜在好处。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening.(人们发现电话会打扰他们，因此更喜欢发短信或无文字的表情符号。此外，学校和大学很少提供认真倾听的课程或活动。你可以加入俱乐部来完善你的公共演讲，但谁会试图在听力方面取得卓越的成就呢？现在生活中嘈杂而令人不快的混合声音也让我们无法聆听。)”可知，影响人们认真倾听的原因包括：比起打电话，人们更喜欢发短信；学校里没有提供认真倾听的课程；现实生活中嘈杂而令人不快的声音。因此不包括C项“我们对听力（能力）的信心有所下降。”，故选C。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you.(一般来说，倾听不仅仅是听到别人说什么。它还包括注意他们说话的方式、说话时的行为、语境以及他们说的话与你有什么关系。)”可知，第三段强调了有效倾听是一个多方面的过程，包括听到内容、注意说话方式、语境等。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side traps when you are listening.(因为我们的大脑思考的速度比人们说话的速度快得多，所以在倾听时要小心陷入思维上的陷阱。)”可知，人们在倾听时应该保持清醒的头脑，即全神贯注于说话者的话，而不是被自己的思绪带走。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions.(善于倾听回报肯定会是更有趣的对话。研究人员发现，细心的听众会从说话者那里获得更多信息，即使他们没有问任何问题。)”以及“And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.(而不善倾听、有选择地倾听或根本不倾听，会限制你对世界的理解，阻碍你成为最好的自己。)”可推知，有效的倾听能带来巨大的好处。故选C。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 About 40% adults and 19% children in the US are obese (肥胖的). ___16___. Obesity is also associated with a lower life quality and poor mental health. If you are suffering from these, here’s a way of losing weight that you can try. ___17___. It involves recording what they consume, and how much. The theory is that when thinking of what you put in your body, you’ll make healthier decisions. Can it really be that easy? There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. ___18___. Study shows the more often you log your eating, the more weight you might lose. Recently, researchers studied obese individuals in otherwise good health who participated in a 24-week weight control program. ___19___. The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake. People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. In comparison, those who recorded less daily lost less weight. Researchers noted people might have greater success with weight loss if they recorded their dietary intake about three times a day, rather than recording all of their meals in one sitting. ___20___. Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways— using an online program, using a pencil or using smart-phone applications. It is important to find what works for you. A. Dietary “self-monitoring” is a common strategy B. They recorded their daily dietary intake using an online program C. Daily dietary intake is a very crucial factor D. Dietary self-monitoring can be complex E. Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases F. A good principle to follow may be “write when you bite” G. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done 【答案】16. E 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个可以尝试的减肥方法。 【16题详解】 空格后的句子“Obesity is also associated with a lower life quality and poor mental health. (肥胖还与较低的生活质量和较差的心理健康有关。)”是说肥胖会影响生活质量和心理健康，根据句中的also可知，空格处的句子也应该是说肥胖的不良影响，所以，E项“Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases (肥胖人群罹患许多严重疾病的风险增加)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选E项。 【17题详解】 上文的句子“If you are suffering from these, here’s a way of losing weight that you can try. (如果你正遭受这些折磨，这里有一个你可以尝试的减肥方法。)”提到一个可以尝试的减肥方法，空格处的句子应该接着说这种方法是什么。所以，A项“Dietary “self-monitoring” is a common strategy (饮食“自我监控”是一种常见的策略)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选A项。 【18题详解】 根据空格前的句子“There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. (毫无疑问，饮食自我监控有助于减肥。)”下一段第一句“Study shows the more often you log your eating, the more weight you might lose. (研究表明，你越经常记录你的饮食，你就可能减得越多。)”可知，空格处的句子应该提到自我监控记录的时间和频率问题，所以，G项“However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done (然而，对于这需要多长时间或应该多久进行一次，我们知之甚少)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据下文的研究结果“The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake. People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. (研究结果表明，那些连续24周每天记录食物摄入量的人比那些不再记录食物摄入量的人减掉了更多的体重。那些体重减轻至少10%的人每天记录三次食物摄入量。)”可知，空格处的句子应该提到，被研究对象每天记录食物摄入量的事，所以，B项“They recorded their daily dietary intake using an online program (他们使用一个在线程序记录了他们每天的饮食摄入量)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 根据上文的句子“Researchers noted people might have greater success with weight loss if they recorded their dietary intake about three times a day, rather than recording all of their meals in one sitting. (研究人员指出，如果人们每天记录三次他们的饮食摄入，而不是一次记录所有的食物，他们可能会在减肥方面取得更大的成功。)”可知，记录事物摄入量的最好的方法是每天分三次记录，也就是三餐的时候记录。所以，F项“A good principle to follow may be “write when you bite” (一个可以遵循的原则是“咬的时候就写”)”填入空格处，和上文的句子是顺接关系。故选F项。 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Jim Glaub and his wife just moved into their new Manhattan apartment when the ___21___ house owner said something curious: “Letters ___22___ to Santa come to the apartment. It has been coming for years and no one knows why.” Then in the months leading to Christmas, letters from kids or parents to Santa came ___23___ in, asking for gifts they could not otherwise ___24___. Glaub and his wife ___25___ as many as they could, writing ___26___, even buying gifts. But they could do only so much. One night, when the couple threw a Christmas party, a ___27___ appeared. The guests ___28___ the hundreds of letters and asked about them. “I told them the story,” Glaub said. His guests were very ___29___. “A lot of people were like, I’ll takea letter. I’ll fulfill it.” And so was born Miracle, a community-based volunteer ___30___ that replies to children’s letters to Santa. Glaub ___31___ families from around the country to go online and ___32___ gifts for their children. Meanwhile, donors can sign up to buy gifts for a child or family, ___33___ by a signed note. Last year, Glaub and the organization helped more than 800 ___34___. Glaub no longer tries to figure out why the letters come to the apartment. Putting in the long hours to ___35___ the families is what it’s all about for him. 21. A. precious B. patient C. previous D. particular 22 A. addressed B. provided C. decorated D. complained 23. A. rolling B. flooding C. pulling D. absorbing 24 A. afford B. like C. appreciate D. obtain 25. A. took up B. called on C. headed to D. responded to 26. A. notes B. concerns C. pleasures D. responsibilities 27. A. friend B. solution C. belief D. harvest 28. A. noticed B. reflected C. published D. received 29. A. bitter B. guilty C. unexpected D. interested 30. A. company B. committee C. organization D. studio 31. A. commanded B. invited C. pushed D. urged 32. A. request B. show C. cover D. determine 33. A. attracted B. accompanied C. assigned D. operated 34. A. volunteers B. assistants C. families D. donors 35. A. save B. maintain C. gather D. help 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了吉姆·格劳伯和妻子所租住的公寓会收到很多寄给圣诞老人的信件，他们邀请客人一起，于是他们通过建立一个志愿者组织，回复孩子们圣诞节给圣诞老人的信件，以及帮助圣诞节买不起礼物的孩子和家庭实现愿望。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吉姆·格劳伯和他的妻子刚搬进曼哈顿的新公寓，原来的房主说了一些奇怪的话：“寄给圣诞老人的信会送到公寓里。”A. precious宝贵的；B. patient耐心的；C. previous以前的；D. particular也别的。根据上文“Jim Glaub and his wife just moved into their new Manhattan apartment”以及后文“house owner said something curious”可知，他们刚搬来，所以是以前的房主留下的话，故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉姆·格劳伯和他的妻子刚搬进曼哈顿的新公寓，原来的房主说了一些奇怪的话：“寄给圣诞老人的信会送到公寓里。”A. addressed解决，致函；B. provided提供；C. decorated装饰；D. complained投诉。根据后文“to Santa”指信是寄给圣诞老人的，应用动词address表示“致函”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在圣诞节前的几个月里，孩子或父母给圣诞老人的信如潮水般涌来，要求得到他们原本买不起的礼物。A. rolling滚动；B. flooding淹没；C. pulling拉；D. absorbing吸收。根据上文“Then in the months leading to Christmas”可知，圣诞节前孩子或父母给圣诞老人的信如潮水般涌来，故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在圣诞节前的几个月里，孩子或父母给圣诞老人的信如潮水般涌来，要求得到他们原本买不起的礼物。A. afford买得起；B. like喜欢；C. appreciate感激；D. obtain获得。根据上文“asking for gifts they could not otherwise”以及常识，想要的都是买不起的礼物。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：格劳布和他的妻子尽可能多地回复，写便条，甚至买礼物。A. took up拿起；B. called on拜访；C. headed to前往；D. responded to回应。根据后文“writing”可知，他们回复了这些给圣诞老人的信件，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：格劳布和他的妻子尽可能多地回复，写便条，甚至买礼物。A. notes笔记，便条；B. concerns担心；C. pleasures快乐；D. responsibilities责任。根据上文“as many as they could, writing”及后文“the hundreds of letters ”可知，格劳布和他的妻子尽可能多地回复，写便条，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，当这对夫妇举办圣诞晚会时，一个解决方案出现了。A. friend朋友；B. solution解决方案；C. belief相信；D. harvest收获。根据后文“I’ll take a letter. I’ll fulfill it.”可知，晚会上的人提出要实现这些愿望，可知是解决方案出现了。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：客人们注意到那几百封信，询问有关情况。A. noticed注意到；B. reflected反思；C. published出版；D. received收到。根据后文“the hundreds of letters and asked about them”可知，客人注意到了这些信件，询问情况。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：客人们都很感兴趣。A. bitter苦涩的；B. guilty内疚的；C. unexpected意外的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据后文““A lot of people were like, ‘I’ll take a letter. I’ll fulfill it.’”(很多人说像是“我拿走一封信。我去实现它”这样的话)”可知，客人们对此感兴趣。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇迹就这样诞生了，这是一个以社区为基础的志愿者组织，负责回复孩子们写给圣诞老人的信。A. company陪伴；B. committee委员会；C. organization组织；D. studio工作室。根据后文“Glaub and the organization”可知这是一个负责回复信件的志愿者组织。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：格劳布邀请全国各地的家庭上网为他们的孩子索要礼物。A. commanded命令；B. invited邀请；C. pushed推；D. urged催促。根据后文“families from around the country to go online and”指格劳布邀请全国各地的家庭上网为他们的孩子索要礼物。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：格劳布邀请全国各地的家庭上网为他们的孩子索要礼物。A. request要求；B. show展示；C. cover覆盖；D. determine决定。根据后文“donors can sign up to buy gifts for a child or family”主要是邀请这些家庭上网为孩子索要圣诞礼物。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，捐赠者可以注册为孩子或家庭购买礼物，并附上签名。A. attracted吸引；B. accompanied陪伴，附上；C. assigned分配；D. operated操作。根据后文“by a signed note”可知，捐赠者可以注册为孩子或家庭购买礼物，并附上签名。指故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，格劳布和该组织帮助了800多个家庭。A. volunteers志愿者；B. assistants助手；C. families家庭；D. donors捐赠者。根据上文“donors can sign up to buy gifts for a child or family”此处指格劳布和该组织帮助了800多个家庭。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，花很长时间帮助这些家庭就是他的全部。A. save挽救；B. maintain维持；C. gather聚集；D. help帮助。呼应上文“Glaub and the organization helped”指花时间帮助这些家庭。故选D。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xixi National Wetland Park, ___36___ (cover) 10 square kilometers in western Hangzhou, is the first national wetland park in China. Combining life, nature, and wetlands ___37___ (make) the park a popular destination both for tourists and local residents. At Xixi, taking a boat tour, walking along paths, and ___38___ (experience) customs and traditions of the villages in this park are at the top list of people’s favorite ___39___ (activity). With trees, bushes, and ___40___ (color) flowers growing along the riversides, the park shows different sides of beauty in different seasons. In order to better develop as well as preserve this place, limiting human impact on Xixi Wetland ___41___ (consider) by the park designers. All the new buildings were designed in a traditional way ___42___ (fit) into the original environment. This green, watery world is home ___43___ many birds and fishes. With trees growing in the shallows, the wetland is a ___44___ (nature) system for providing clean water and producing oxygen, ____45____ makes it the “green lungs of Hangzhou”. 【答案】36. covering 37. makes 38. experiencing 39. activities 40. colorful 41. was considered 42. to fit 43. to 44. natural 45. which 【解析】 【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了西溪国家湿地公园。 【36题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：西溪国家湿地公园位于杭州西部，占地10平方公里，是中国第一个国家湿地公园。设空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填covering。 【37题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：将生活、自然和湿地结合在一起，使公园成为游客和当地居民的热门目的地。设空处为谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，故填makes。 【38题详解】 考查动名词。句意：在西溪，乘船游览，沿着小径散步，体验这个公园里村庄的习俗和传统是人们最喜欢的活动。设空处和taking a boat tour, walking along paths共同作主语，也应用动名词形式，故填experiencing。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。设空处为名词作宾语，可数名词，根据句意应用复数形式，故填activities。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：沿河生长着树木、灌木和五颜六色的花朵，公园在不同的季节展现出不同的美。设空处修饰名词flowers作定语，应用形容词，故填colorful。 【41题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：为了更好地发展和保护这个地方，公园的设计者考虑了限制人类对西溪湿地的影响。设空处为谓语，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，并且主语是动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，故填was considered。 【42题详解】 考查不定式。句意：所有的新建筑都以传统的方式设计，以适应原有的环境。设空处作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to fit。 【43题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：这个绿色的水世界是许多鸟类和鱼类的家园。短语be home to，意为“是……的家园”，符合语境，故填to。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：浅滩上生长着树木，是一个提供清洁水和产生氧气的自然系统，使其成为“杭州的绿肺”。 设空处修饰名词system作定语，应用形容词，故填natural。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which，故填 which。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 书面表达（满分15分） 46. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，暑假在伦敦学习。你得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览，非常感兴趣，请写一封信申请当志愿讲解员。 内容包括：1. 申请理由；2. 表达感谢。 注意：1. 写作词数为100词左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/ Madam, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】参考范文： Dear Sir/ Madam, I am Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from China and I’m studying in London now. I am writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. I believe I will be qualified for the job. As a super fan of art, I am keen to expose myself to various art-related activities. A good command of English especially in spoken English ensures me to communicate properly with visitors from all over the world. I have also volunteered to serve as a guide in China’s National Museum, which will help me to do a good job. I’m eager to provide visitors with a good service and an experience they will always remember. I will appreciate it if you grant me an interview. I’m looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给伦敦美术馆写一封申请信，申请成为中国画展的志愿讲解员。 【详解】1.词汇积累 胜任：be qualified for→be fit for 各种各样的：various→a variety of 担当：serve as→act as 答复：reply→response 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：A good command of English especially in spoken English ensures me to communicate properly with visitors from all over the world. 拓展句：A good command of English especially in spoken English ensures me to communicate properly with visitors who come from all over the world. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I believe I will be qualified for the job.（运用了省略连词that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】I have also volunteered to serve as a guide in China’s National Museum, which will help me to do a good job.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第二节 短文续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 p. m. for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground. I did not know how to deal with a rebellious (叛逆的) teenager. We are a family of strong wills, from the top down. All my kids had pushed and argued. Everyone “kind of” followed the rules. As they got older, especially when they hit high school, I saw the power shifting, but it hadn’t been so obvious. I had not seen much in-your-face rebellion. Until this happened. I called Amy Speidel, a wise and practical parenting expert. She stayed on the phone with me and listened to my wild complaint about my disrespectful kid. She listened for almost two hours and then gave me some suggestions. Amy told me that my daughter’s behavior was “developmentally appropriate” — she was supposed to test the boundaries. Amy also said that it was great that my daughter would be able to stand up for herself in a relationship that wasn’t working. Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will. After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. But I listened to Amy and here’s what I learned. 1. My daughter’s behavior was normal. That eased my fears that I had raised a terrible human and failed as a mother. 2. My daughter’s strong personality was a strength. That revelation was a huge gift. I value her qualities but don’t want them used against me. I will soften my response and listen to her. 3. I went crazy. In fact, I crossed a line. And that happens. But I learned to apologize and reset so that we could move forward. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 After reflecting on Amy’s advice, I realized that I needed to change my approach. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As time went on, with some changes I made, Amy also changed her perspective on discipline. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： After reflecting on Amy’s advice, I realized that I needed to change my approach. I began to approach conversations with my daughter differently, fostering an environment where she felt heard and respected. Instead of reacting impulsively, I practiced patience and empathy, allowing her to express her feelings. This shift not only strengthened our bond but also encouraged her to open up about her struggles. I noticed her confidence growing, and I felt proud of the young woman she was becoming. Together, we navigated this challenging phase, and the ultimate lesson was clear: growth comes from connection, not control. As time went on, with some changes I made. Amy also changed her perspective on discipline. She encouraged me to view conflicts as opportunities for growth rather than battles to win. With each conversation, I began to approach my daughter with curiosity instead of authority, asking questions to understand her point of view. This shift created a safe space for her to express herself, allowing her to express her feelings without fear of punishment. I started recognizing her strong will as an advantage, guiding her rather than controlling her. Her guidance had not only transformed my parenting style but had also deepened my understanding of myself. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的女儿叛逆，为此和作者发生了冲突。作者于是寻求了育儿专家艾米的教育，开始反思自己的问题。于是作者开始用不同的方式和女儿交谈，营造好的沟通氛围，女儿的信心增加，最终她们缓和了关系。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“在考虑了艾米的建议后，我意识到我需要改变我的方法”可知，第一段可描写作者开始改变和女儿的沟通方式，并且取得了进展。 ②由第二段首句内容“随着时间的推移，我做了一些改变”可知，第二段可描写女儿和作者发生了改变，以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：考虑专家建议——改变沟通方法——关系得到缓和——双方态度改变——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看作：view…as…/regard…as… ②加强：strengthen/enhance ③表达：express/convey 情绪类 ①同情：empathy/sympathy ②信心：confidence/faith 【点睛】[高分句型1] I began to approach conversations with my daughter differently, fostering an environment where she felt heard and respected. (运用了现在分词作状语和where引导定语从句) [高分句型2] Instead of reacting impulsively, I practiced patience and empathy, allowing her to express her feelings. (运用了动名词作宾语和现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 标准学术能力诊断性测试2024年12月测试 英语试卷 本试卷共150分 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In Thailand, human-elephant conflict is increasing. To local farmers, elephants threaten their safety and economic livelihood. Bring the Elephant Home(BTEH) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to increase chances of survival for elephants and work towards a world in which people and elephants can live in harmony, benefiting from each other’ existence. BTEH’ projects root in local communities. Their work is characterized by three principles: local involvement, a healthy ecology, and benefits for people and elephants simultaneously (同时地). They lead to shared decision making, ownership of local communities, sustainability, and a peaceful coexistence of people and animals. A group of BTEH researchers and local farmer volunteers are experimenting with how to make the plantations less appealing to elephants and prevent them from coming into the farms. And the Tom Yum Project comes into being. The name of the Tom Yum Project comes from the Thai soup. The ingredients (原料) for the soup are chili, garlic, lemongrass, and onion — none of which are attractive to elephants. This project gives hope to alternative crops as a solution to human-elephant conflict in Thailand. The project works in the following steps. Step 1 The community-run Tom Yum Tree Nursery creates alternative crop seedlings Step 2 Working together, farmers plant, water and maintain alternative crops. Step 3 Regenerative, pesticide-free (无农药) farming benefits biodiversity. Step 4 Farmers harvest crops and create organic products in eco-friendly packaging. Step 5 Consumers make a difference by buying products to create demand for this solution. Step 6 Profits are used to restore elephant habitat and support local farmers. The Tom Yum Project is the first research and community-based alternative crop planting initiative to promote human-elephant coexistence. Now, some similar projects will be carried out in Sri Lanka. 1. What is the primary mission of BTEH? A. To catch and relocate elephants. B. To ensure human-elephant coexistence. C. To promote tourism in Thailand. D. To provide food and resources to local farmers. 2. How can consumers contribute to the success of the Tom Yum Project? A. They can provide government assistance. B They can purchase products from the project. C. They can decrease the elephant population. D. They can reduce their consumption of agricultural products. 3. Tom Yum Project aims to benefit both local farmers and elephants by ________. A. providing financial aid to farmers B. teaching farmers how to cook Thai food C. minimizing human-elephant conflict D. increasing the number of elephants in the area 4. According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the Tom Yum Project’s approach? A. Costly but appealing. B. Demanding and unreliable. C. Innovative and sustainable. D. Ineffective but time-consuming. B Eleven o’clock at night saw a large woman with a large purse walking alone, when a boy ran up behind and tried to snatch (抢夺) her purse. But the boy lost his balance and fell on his back. The woman picked him up firmly by his shirt front. “Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?” shouted the woman. Two or three people passed, stopped, and stood watching. “I’m very sorry, lady. I’m sorry,” whispered the skinny little boy, in broken tennis shoes. “Um-hum! And your face is dirty,” said the large woman dragging the frightened boy. “Since you put yourself in contact with me, you are going to remember Mrs. Luella Jones.” He began to struggle, but Mrs. Jones continued to drag him up the street. When she got to her door, she dragged the boy inside. “What’s your name?” the woman asked. “Roger,” answered the boy in a low voice. “Then, Roger, you go to that sink and wash your face,” ordered the woman and finally let go of him. “You gonna take me to jail (监狱)?” asked Roger, bending over the sink. “Not with that face,” said Mrs. Jones. “I believe you were hungry to snatch my purse.” “I wanted a pair of blue shoes,” replied the boy. There was a long pause. After he had dried his face, the boy turned around. The door was open. He could run! After a while the woman said, “I was young once and I wanted things I could not get. I have done things too, which I would not tell anybody else, son.” There was another long pause. The boy’s mouth opened. Then Mrs. Jones went to do the cooking. She did not watch the boy to see if he was going to run, nor did she watch her purse left behind her. She did not ask him anything about where he lived, or his folks. Instead, as they ate, she told him a lot about her job in a hotel shop and how all kinds of people came in and out. She cut him another piece of her cake. When they finished eating, she got up and said, “Now, here, take this ten dollars and buy yourself some blue shoes. Do not make the mistake, because shoes come by devilish ways like that will burn your feet.” She led him to the front door. “Good night! Behave yourself, son!” she said, looking out into the street. 5. How did Mrs. Jones react after catching Roger? A. She called the police. B. She scolded him seriously. C. She ignored him. D. She took him home. 6. Roger felt ________ when hearing Mrs. Jone’s past. A. scared B. impatient C. calm D. shocked 7. What might Roger have learned from his encounter with Mrs. Jones? A. Crime is never justified. B. People can be understanding. C. Strong people are intimidating. D. Money is the only solution. C Time is one of humanity’s greatest blind spots. We experience it as days, months or years. But nature functions on much grander scales, measured in centuries, and even longer phases often grouped as “deep time”. Human’s shortsightedness around time creates major limits on modern conservation. As the climate and biodiversity crises accelerate, we are urgently working to protect and regenerate ecosystems without understanding how they functioned when they were truly doing well. A deep time perspective can help change that. Take forest management. For decades, our practices called for all-out prevention of even the mildest forest fires, believing that fire was bad for both people and nonhuman nature. Until recently we ignored the forest management strategies indigenous (土著) communities had successfully used for centuries, in particular the application of small-scale controlled burns. Fire, it turns out, has always been an integral ingredient in healthy forest ecosystems, promoting new growth by thinning the understory. Today, we are beginning to see widespread application of indigenous knowledge to forest management, tapping into this ancient wisdom. But how can we know what an ecosystem looked like centuries ago? One pathway is through modern mathematical modeling. We have married it with streams of long-term data and discovered a possible way to preserve the ecosystem of California’s kelp forest. By examining how North Pacific kelp forests existed long before the 19th century, we found that we have ignored the presence of a keystone species — the Steller’s Sea cow, and its role in maintaining the harmony of this ecosystem. Our model described the interactions between giant kelp and understory algae competing for light and space on the seafloor. Then we ran the model again, but this time with the Steller’s Sea cow added in. These mammals fed on the leaves from the upper kelp layers. This allowed light to reach the sea bottom, which in turn stimulated the growth of not only the kelp but other kinds of organisms. In re-creating that vanished historical system that included the Steller’s Sea cow, we could see a more diverse forest where the understory competed better with kelp. In short, what we assume we know about an ecosystem based on the recent past may impede our ability to fully understand and protect it. To ensure that our boldest conservation efforts are successful, we must begin looking at time as an essential tool. 8. What is a major barrier to effective conservation efforts, according to the passage? A. The growing biodiversity crisis. B. Hesitation to adopt a deep time viewpoint. C. Insufficient understanding of deep time. D. Unawareness of management techniques. 9. What does “keystone species” most likely mean in paragraph 3? A. A species that is at the top of the food chain. B. A species that is rarely found in an ecosystem. C. A species that is invasive and harmful to the environment. D. A species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem. 10. From the passage, we can conclude that ________. A. the neglect of the Steller’s Sea cow caused ecological disruption B. the Steller’s Sea cows promoted growth in the understory C. there’s a current emphasis on preventing fires instead of using controlled burns D. mathematical modeling is more important than traditional knowledge 11. What is the primary focus of the passage? A. The negative effects of modern forest management practices. B. The role of indigenous knowledge in ecosystem management. C. The significance of climate change on biodiversity. D. The importance of understanding historical ecosystems for conservation. D When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare. Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening. Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond — the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own. Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn’t you agree...?” or “Don’t you think...?” These questions have strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or her view. And you’d better stay away from some personal questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or for the story behind a piece of jewelry they’re wearing. Also good are expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that when people who don’t know each other well ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they spend time together achieving a task. Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side traps when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say. The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle voice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be. 12. Which of the following does not affect our ability to listen effectively? A. Schools ignore teaching listening skills. B. People prefer texting over making phone calls. C There is a decline in our confidence regarding listening. D. The sounds we make contribute to a noisy environment. 13. Paragraph 3 emphasizes that ________. A. individuals should ensure they are understood B. effective listening is a multi-faceted process C. the reasons behind the decline of listening skills D. conversation context is more important than listening itself 14. People should ________ while listening. A. be present with their mind B. propose some creative questions C. concentrate on the speaker’s personal details D. discover shared interests with the speaker 15. We may conclude from the passage that ________. A. effective listening will not do without questions B. a clear mind in listeners enhances the speaker’s clarity C. effective listeners gain significant benefits D. both listening and speaking require equal focus 第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 About 40% adults and 19% children in the US are obese (肥胖的). ___16___. Obesity is also associated with a lower life quality and poor mental health. If you are suffering from these, here’s a way of losing weight that you can try. ___17___. It involves recording what they consume, and how much. The theory is that when thinking of what you put in your body, you’ll make healthier decisions. Can it really be that easy? There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. ___18___. Study shows the more often you log your eating, the more weight you might lose. Recently, researchers studied obese individuals in otherwise good health who participated in a 24-week weight control program. ___19___. The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake. People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. In comparison, those who recorded less daily lost less weight. Researchers noted people might have greater success with weight loss if they recorded their dietary intake about three times a day, rather than recording all of their meals in one sitting. ___20___. Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways— using an online program, using a pencil or using smart-phone applications. It is important to find what works for you. A. Dietary “self-monitoring” is a common strategy B. They recorded their daily dietary intake using an online program C. Daily dietary intake is a very crucial factor D Dietary self-monitoring can be complex E. Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases F. A good principle to follow may be “write when you bite” G. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Jim Glaub and his wife just moved into their new Manhattan apartment when the ___21___ house owner said something curious: “Letters ___22___ to Santa come to the apartment. It has been coming for years and no one knows why.” Then in the months leading to Christmas, letters from kids or parents to Santa came ___23___ in, asking for gifts they could not otherwise ___24___. Glaub and his wife ___25___ as many as they could, writing ___26___, even buying gifts. But they could do only so much. One night, when the couple threw a Christmas party, a ___27___ appeared. The guests ___28___ the hundreds of letters and asked about them. “I told them the story,” Glaub said. His guests were very ___29___. “A lot of people were like, I’ll takea letter. I’ll fulfill it.” And so was born Miracle, a community-based volunteer ___30___ that replies to children’s letters to Santa. Glaub ___31___ families from around the country to go online and ___32___ gifts for their children. Meanwhile, donors can sign up to buy gifts for a child or family, ___33___ by a signed note. Last year, Glaub and the organization helped more than 800 ___34___. Glaub no longer tries to figure out why the letters come to the apartment. Putting in the long hours to ___35___ the families is what it’s all about for him. 21. A. precious B. patient C. previous D. particular 22. A. addressed B. provided C. decorated D. complained 23. A. rolling B. flooding C. pulling D. absorbing 24. A. afford B. like C. appreciate D. obtain 25. A. took up B. called on C. headed to D. responded to 26. A. notes B. concerns C. pleasures D. responsibilities 27. A. friend B. solution C. belief D. harvest 28. A. noticed B. reflected C. published D. received 29. A. bitter B. guilty C. unexpected D. interested 30. A. company B. committee C. organization D. studio 31. A. commanded B. invited C. pushed D. urged 32. A. request B. show C. cover D. determine 33. A. attracted B. accompanied C. assigned D. operated 34. A. volunteers B. assistants C. families D. donors 35. A. save B. maintain C. gather D. help 第二节 （共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xixi National Wetland Park, ___36___ (cover) 10 square kilometers in western Hangzhou, is the first national wetland park in China. Combining life, nature, and wetlands ___37___ (make) the park a popular destination both for tourists and local residents. At Xixi, taking a boat tour, walking along paths, and ___38___ (experience) customs and traditions of the villages in this park are at the top list of people’s favorite ___39___ (activity). With trees, bushes, and ___40___ (color) flowers growing along the riversides, the park shows different sides of beauty in different seasons. In order to better develop as well as preserve this place, limiting human impact on Xixi Wetland ___41___ (consider) by the park designers. All the new buildings were designed in a traditional way ___42___ (fit) into the original environment. This green, watery world is home ___43___ many birds and fishes. With trees growing in the shallows, the wetland is a ___44___ (nature) system for providing clean water and producing oxygen, ____45____ makes it the “green lungs of Hangzhou”. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 书面表达（满分15分） 46. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，暑假在伦敦学习。你得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览，非常感兴趣，请写一封信申请当志愿讲解员。 内容包括：1. 申请理由；2. 表达感谢。 注意：1. 写作词数为100词左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/ Madam, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 短文续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 p. m. for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground. I did not know how to deal with a rebellious (叛逆的) teenager. We are a family of strong wills, from the top down. All my kids had pushed and argued. Everyone “kind of” followed the rules. As they got older, especially when they hit high school, I saw the power shifting, but it hadn’t been so obvious. I had not seen much in-your-face rebellion. Until this happened. I called Amy Speidel, a wise and practical parenting expert. She stayed on the phone with me and listened to my wild complaint about my disrespectful kid. She listened for almost two hours and then gave me some suggestions. Amy told me that my daughter’s behavior was “developmentally appropriate” — she was supposed to test the boundaries. Amy also said that it was great that my daughter would be able to stand up for herself in a relationship that wasn’t working. Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will. After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. But I listened to Amy and here’s what I learned. 1. My daughter’s behavior was normal. That eased my fears that I had raised a terrible human and failed as a mother. 2. My daughter’s strong personality was a strength. That revelation was a huge gift. I value her qualities but don’t want them used against me. I will soften my response and listen to her. 3. I went crazy. In fact, I crossed a line. And that happens. But I learned to apologize and reset so that we could move forward. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 After reflecting on Amy’s advice, I realized that I needed to change my approach. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As time went on, with some changes I made, Amy also changed her perspective on discipline. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$