04 UNIT 1 Honesty and responsibility Period 4 单元语法讲练-【名师导航】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课件(译林版2020)

Period 4　 UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility 主题语境 人与自我——优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任 课时学案　单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) resign (one's post) as...　 辞去……职务 resign oneself to (doing) sth． 听任(某种影响)； 只好接受(做)某事；顺从 1．resign vt．& vi．辞职，辞去 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He had resigned himself to ________(watch) the European Championships on television． ②He resigned __ Home Secretary and returned to the back benches． ③我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。 We had to _____________________________ on the sale． watching as resign ourselves to making a loss 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (1)be ashamed of (doing) sth． 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth． 耻于做某事； 因难为情而不愿做某事 be ashamed that... 对……感到羞愧/尴尬 (2)shame n． 羞耻；惭愧；让人遗憾的事 (3)shameful adj． 可耻的，丢脸的 shameless adj． 无耻的 2．ashamed adj．惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She was ashamed of __________________(fail) in the examination． ②She was ashamed _______(tell) anyone that she had failed in the exam． ③It is a shame ____ you can't stay with us． having failed/failing to tell that 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ④我是如此羞愧，以至于我感到心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。 a．I was ____________________ as if a knife were being twisted in my heart，tears clouding my eyes．(so...that) b．_______________________ as if a knife were being twisted in my heart，tears clouding my eyes．(so...that句型的倒装形式) so ashamed that I felt So ashamed was I that I felt 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (1)forgive sb．sth． 原谅某人某事 forgive sb．for (doing) sth． 因(做)某事原谅某人 forgive and forget 既往不咎 (2)forgiveness n． 原谅；宽恕 3．forgive vt．& vi．原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Forgive me for ____________(interrupt)，but I really don't agree with that． ②They went down on their knees and begged for _________(forgive)． ③我永远都不会原谅你对我所做的事。 I will never ________________________________________． interrupting forgiveness forgive you for what you have done to me 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 pretend to do sth． 假装做某事 pretend to be＋n． 自诩/自称/自认为…… pretend to be doing sth． 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth． 假装做了某事 pretend that... 假装…… 4．pretend vi．& vt．假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She pretended to ___________(study) when her mother came back． ②The boy pretended to ___________(fall) asleep when his father came back． be studying have fallen 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ③当我们在街上相遇时，她假装不认识我，这使我很难过，以至于泪水模糊了我的眼睛。 a．She ________________________________ when we met in the street，which made me so frustrated that tears blurred my eyes．(宾语从句) b．She _______________________ when we met in the street，which made me so frustrated that tears blurred my eyes．(不定式) pretended (that) she didn't know me pretended not to know me 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 状语从句 一、状语从句概述 定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 分类 根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、结果、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 二、状语从句详解 1．时间状语从句 (1)when，while，as引导时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性或非延续性动词，主从句动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。 while 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或表示状态的词，强调主从句动作同时发生。 as 从句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。主从句动作同时发生或交替进行，意为“一边……，一边……；随着……”。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 It was raining when we arrived． 我们到达时，天正在下雨。 While John was watching TV，his wife was reading books． 约翰在看电视的时候，他的妻子正在看书。 As he grew older，he became less active． 随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (2)after，before引导时间状语从句 after和before表示的是两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系。after引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句用过去时，从句要用过去完成时。before引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句是过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时。 before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；趁着”，常用于以下句型中： 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 It will be long before... 要过好久才…… It will not be long before... 过不了多久就…… It was long before... 过了好久才…… It was not long before... 过了不久就…… 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 After he had worked in the factory for ten years，he went abroad． 他在这家工厂工作了10年后就出国了。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived． 我父亲刚好在信到之前去加拿大了。 It won't be long before we know the result of the experiment． 我们很快就会知道实验结果。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (3)since引导时间状语从句 since引导时间状语从句时，当从句谓语动词用一般过去时时，主句的谓语一般用现在完成时。 I have been in Beijing since you left． 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (4)until/till/not...until引导时间状语从句 till和until一般情况下可以互换(till一般不放句首)，但是在强调句型中多用until。要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。 He waited for his father until/till it was twelve o'clock． 他一直等他父亲到十二点。 Tom can not go to the cinema until he finishes cleaning the bicycle． 汤姆要把自行车擦干净才能去看电影。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (5)表示“一……就……”的连词或短语引导的时间状语从句 ①该类引导词有：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。 ②在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。 The new building programme will go ahead as soon as the government releases the funds． 政府一旦释放资金，新的建设计划就会开始实施。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 We had hardly/no sooner got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there． ＝Hardly/No sooner had we got to the destination when/than we set out to do some volunteer work there． 我们一到达目的地，就开始做一些志愿者工作。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (6)其他连接词引导的时间状语从句 every time/each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)，by the time(当……的时候) The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking，I was moved by his devotion to the research． 当我第一次听说斯蒂芬·霍金时，我就被他对研究的奉献所感动。 By the time you come back，we'll have completed the project． 到你回来的时候，我们将已完成这项工程。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练1]　单句语法填空 ①The train had left he had time to dash in to take back his bag． ②It has been ten weeks he posted his application form to the company；however，he hasn't got any reply． ③How long do you think it will be the car factory launches a new model? ④The little girl was about to go to school something serious happened to her． before since before when 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 2．地点状语从句 where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。同时地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 When solving the problem a second time，you'd better be more careful where you made a mistake． 再次解决这个问题时，你最好在上次出错的地方更仔细一些。 Wherever he goes，he readily accommodates to new circumstances． 无论到哪儿，他都能随即适应新环境。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 3．原因状语从句 (1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。 He went to a big city because he wanted to make his fortune． 他去了一个大城市，因为他想发财。 (2)since/now that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 4．让步状语从句 (1)引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，while(尽管，虽然)，even if/though，whether...or...，疑问词＋-ever与no matter＋疑问词等。 Even if it should rain tomorrow，we will continue our work． 即使明天下雨，我们也要继续工作。 Whether you go or not，I will go to visit my teacher． 不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老师。 Whatever/No matter what you want to do，please look before you leap． 不管你想做什么事，请三思而后行。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (2)as引导的让步状语从句需采用部分倒装，有时though引导的让步状语从句也采用部分倒装。 Child as he is，he knows a lot about the history of China． 虽然他只是个孩子，但是他懂得许多中国历史方面的知识。(注意child前不用冠词) Young though he is，he knows how to deal with such a thing． 他虽然年轻，但懂得如何处理这件事。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练2]　单句语法填空 ①________ there is a will，there is a way． ②______________ he is young，he is experienced． ③_____ you are free today，you had better help me with my mathematics． ④Tired _________ she is，she goes on working． ⑤You shouldn't get angry just _______ some people speak ill of you． Where While/Although Since as/though because 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 5．目的状语从句 (1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can，could等；in order that引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后，so that引导的从句只能位于主句之后。 (2)for fear that(唯恐；以防)与in case引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词有时也用should/might/could＋动词原形。 The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father might see him． 男孩躲在树后，怕他的父亲看见他。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 6．结果状语从句 (1)so that引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前可加逗号。 He made an apology to his teacher so that she forgave him． 他向老师道歉，结果她原谅了他。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (2)so...that中so后面跟形容词或副词；such...that中such后面跟名词。 He was so discouraged that he gave up this project in the end． 他如此灰心，以至于他最后放弃了这个项目。 Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him． ＝Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him． 杰克是一个非常诚实的工人，我们都相信他。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 7．条件状语从句 (1)引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if，unless，so (as) long as，on condition that，so (as) far as等。 You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean． 只要你保持书的整洁，你就可以借。 [名师点津]　条件状语从句中的if 不能用whether替换。例如： If he is not in the office，he must be out for lunch． 如果他没在办公室，那他一定出去吃午饭了。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (2)if 和unless的用法区别 if 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反向的条件，意为“除非，如果不……”。 If you've got exams tomorrow，why don't you study? 如果你明天有考试，你为什么不学习？ The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains． 运动会明天将要开始举行，除非下雨。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (3)given(that)，providing，provided (that)，supposing(that)，suppose (that)，on condition that 和in case这些连词(词组)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……条件下”等意思。 All living things respire as long as they live． 所有的生物只要活着都要呼吸。 Supposing (that) you fail a second time，don't get disappointed，but try again． 假如你又一次失败了，不要沮丧，再试一次。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 8．方式状语从句 (1)方式状语从句常由as，as if (though)，the way，rather than等引导。 You must do the exercise as I show you． 你必须按照我给你做的示范来锻炼。 He acted as if nothing had happened． 他表现得好像什么也没发生一样。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 (2)as和just as用法区别 二者都表示“如……，犹如……，正如……”。just as 比as强调的语气更强。 In the early days，people could not count as we do now． 在早些时候，人们不和我们现在一样能计数。 Most plants need sunlight just as they need water． 大部分植物像它们需要水一样需要阳光。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 9．比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用than，so (as)...as等引导。 I have made a lot more mistakes than you have． 我犯的错误比你多很多。 He runs as fast as a cheetah． 他跑得跟猎豹一样快。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [即时训练3]　单句语法填空 ①Pop music is such an important part of society ____ it has even influenced our language． ②You must try to hold the tool __ I do． ③Just __ we sweep our rooms，we should sweep backward ideas from our minds． that as as 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 用适当的连词完成下面的短文 My classmate Michael studied very hard 1．_____ he went to senior high school．Every day he worked 2．__________ everyone else in our class left the classroom．He said he wouldn't stop trying 3．____________ he got satisfying scores in his studies．Hard 4．_________ he tried，he made little progress，but he didn't lose heart at all 5．__________ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day． after until/till unless/until as/though because/as 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 6．__ time went by，he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last．We had had a get-together party 7．______ we started our new life in university．Everyone had got offers from different universities，so we had a very good time．8．______ we stood 9．_____ we used to play and study，we couldn't help thinking of our happy old days．We believed that we would never forget each other，10．________ we would go or whatever we would do． As before When where wherever 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ①privilege n．荣幸，特殊利益 vt．给予特权，特别优待 ②present vt．(以某种方式)展现，显示，表现；(口头或书面)表达，表示 ③adulthood n．成年 ④embrace vt．& vi．欣然接受；包含；拥抱 ⑤phase n．阶段，时期 课下预习　第二篇课文(Extended reading) Period 4　 ⑥in store for即将发生的，即将面临的 ⑦a well-developed sense of responsibility高度的责任感 ⑧be responsible for对……负责 ⑨burden vt．(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)；负重 ⑩anchor n．锚；给以安全感的人(或物) vi．& vt．抛锚；使固定 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ⑪mercy n．仁慈，宽恕 at the mercy of sb．/sth．任……处置，对……无能为力 ⑫likewise adv．同样地；也，而且 ⑬take...seriously认真对待…… ⑭deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 ⑮guidance n．指导；导航 follow sb．'s guidance遵从某人的指导 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ⑯go far beyond远远超过……，远远不止…… ⑰encounter vt．遭遇；遇到(尤指令人不快或困难的事) ⑱go wrong(情况)出岔子，出差错 ⑲instead of而不是 ⑳fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 ㉑virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点 ㉒integrity n．诚实正直；完整，完好 ㉓betterment n．改进；改善；改良 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉔organic adj．有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 ㉕starfish n．海星，星鱼 ㉖discouraged adj．灰心的 ㉗make a difference to对……有影响，对……有作用 ㉘garbage n．垃圾；废话 ㉙contribute to有助于，促进；对……做出贡献 ㉚lead to导致，造成(后果) ㉛saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 ㉜bonus n．意外收获，奖金，红利 ㉝rewarding adj．值得做的，有益的 ㉞weigh on sb．/sth．使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 ㉟jade n．玉，碧玉 ㊱be good-for-nothing 一无是处，不中用，无用之人 ㊲sow vi．& vt．(sowed，sown)播种，种 ㊳harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt．& vi．收割，捕猎 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Taking responsibility Honoured guests，teachers and students，it is my pleasure and privilege① to welcome you here today and present② my thoughts on this special occasion． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Students，the time has arrived for you to fully accept your passage into adulthood③．I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults，who sit before me today[1]，ready to embrace④ the next phase⑤ of your lives．You must be both excited and anxious about the new experiences that are in store for⑥ you[2]．Don't worry，for you are all responsible young people[3]，well prepared and well equipped to successfully manage the challenges of the years ahead． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [1]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词confident young adults。 [2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the new experiences。 [3]for引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 At school，you have gradually understood the importance of a well-developed sense of responsibility⑦．You accept that you are responsible for⑧ your successes and your failures．Hopefully，you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens⑨ you[4]，but rather as a foundation which will support your future development[5]．A ship without an anchor⑩ is at the mercy⑪ of the waves and winds; likewise⑫，a person who has no sense of responsibility[6] is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [4]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a weight。 [5]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a foundation。 [6]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a person。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 As students，you must take your studies seriously⑬ and accept responsibility for your own learning．This means meeting deadlines⑭ for your schoolwork，following your teachers' guidance⑮，and of course，always aiming for academic excellence．However，your responsibilities go far beyond⑯ your studies． As you go through your daily life[7]，you will encounter⑰ many difficult situations where things may go wrong⑱[8]．Instead of⑲ being quick to blame others， 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 analyse the problem，and if it is indeed your own fault⑳，be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it．This way，you practise the virtue㉑ of courage．Always give your best in whatever you set out to do[9]，however difficult that might be[10]．This way，you practise the virtue of determination．Be honest by saying what you mean and by meaning what you say．This way，you practise the virtue of integrity㉒．Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life，therefore，will help build a strong character． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [7]As引导时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。 [8]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词many difficult situations。 [9]whatever引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。 [10]however引导让步状语从句。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 Apart from personal development，assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment㉓ of society．Society is an organic㉔ whole，and as social beings，we have a responsibility to make a contribution．You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish㉕ left on the beach after a storm[11]，by throwing them back into the sea．Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time，for he could not possibly save them all．However，the boy was not discouraged㉖，believing that he could make a difference to㉗ the ones 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 that he saved[12]．As a result，the passers-by felt inspired and joined him in saving the starfish．Similarly，the little things you do can make a difference! For example，picking up garbage㉘ around your neighbourhood contributes to㉙ a cleaner environment．Reporting a speeding car helps ensure road safety．Being energy-efficient leads to㉚ savings㉛ of our precious natural resources．Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and warmth to the elderly．Just like the “starfish boy” ，you may even inspire people around you to do the same，which is an added bonus㉜[13]． Working together[14]，we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society． 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [11]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a storm作后置定语，修饰starfish。 [12]动词-ing形式短语believing...作状语；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。 [13]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句。 [14]动词-ing形式短语作状语。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 So，dear students，take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities，so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding㉝ experience for both you and those around you[15]．Sometimes，responsibilities may weigh heavily on㉞ you．However，just as the Chinese saying goes，“Jade㉟ is good-for-nothing㊱ if not carved．”[16]A man cannot be perfected without trials．Sow㊲ the seeds of success today and your harvest㊳ will be great tomorrow．[17] I wish you every success in your adult life! 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 [15]so that 引导结果状语从句。 [16]if not carved 为条件状语从句的省略，完整句子应为if it is not carved。 [17]本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 承担责任 尊敬的来宾、老师和同学们，今天，我很高兴也非常荣幸能在这里欢迎各位，并在这样一个特别的场合，与大家分享我的想法。 同学们，你们完全迈入成年的时刻已经到来。我见证大家从局促不安的高一学生成长为坐在我眼前的这群自信的年轻人，准备迎接人生的下一个阶段。你们对即将到来的人生经历，肯定既感到兴奋又有些担忧。不要担心，因为你们都是负责任的年轻人，已经做好充分的准备，能够成功应对未来的挑战。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 在学校里，你们已逐渐理解良好的责任感的重要性，你们已经接受自己要对个人的成功或失败负责。希望你们已经学会不把责任当作烦扰你们的负担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心轻率的行为所左右。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 身为学生，你们必须认真对待学业，为自己的学习负责。这意味着按时完成作业，遵从老师指导，当然，还有总是追求学业优秀。然而，你们的责任远远超出了学业。在日常生活中，你们会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。不要急于指责他人，而应分析问题；如果错误确实在于自己，要勇敢承认你的错误，然后改正它。这样你就践行了勇气的美德。无论你打算做什么，无论多么困难，都要全力以赴。这样你就践行了决心的美德。诚恳待人，心口合一。这样你就践行了正直的美德。在你们日常生活的方方面面承担责任，如此一来，将有益于造就坚强的品格。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。社会是一个有机的整体，身为社会中的一分子，我们有责任做出贡献。或许你们听过一个小男孩的故事：风暴过后，男孩想要拯救留在海滩的海星，将它们扔回大海。路人告诉他，这根本是在浪费时间，因为他不可能拯救所有海星。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。结果，路人大受鼓舞，纷纷过来跟他一道拯救海星。同样的道理，你们所做的小事也能有所影响！ 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 比如，在你的居住区周围捡垃圾能让环境更加清洁。举报一辆超速行驶的汽车有助于保障道路安全。节能可以节约宝贵的自然资源。在当地养老院做志愿工作能为老人带去关爱和温暖。就像“海星男孩”那样，你甚至能激励周围的人做同样的事，这是额外的收获。通过共同努力，我们有能力逐步、持续地推动我们的社会进步。 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 所以，亲爱的同学们，承担责任是迈入成人世界的第一步，这样进入成年会给你自己和周围人都带来快乐与益处。有时候，责任或许会令你感到焦虑。但正如中国一句俗语所说：“玉不琢，不成器。”一个人不经历考验是不可能完美的。今天播下成功的种子，明天就会有丰硕的收获。祝你们的成年生活一切顺利！ 课时学案 课下预习 Period 4　 $$