第12讲 主谓一致（讲义）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

第12讲 主谓一致 目录 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究...............................................................................................................................3 考点一 语法一致原则.......................................................................................................................... 3 1.谓语动词用单数的情况..................................................................................................................... 4 2.谓语动词单、复数多变的情况......................................................................................................... 4 考点二 意义一致原则.......................................................................................................................... 7 考点三 就近一致原则...................................................................................................................... 10 考点四 就远一致原则....................................................................................................................... 11 考点五 主语一致易错点................................................................................................................... 12 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 语法一致原则 · 掌握谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致的情况 · 10年10考 近几年，主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题，解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时，学生就必须考虑主谓一致。 意义一致原则‌ · 掌握从意义上判定的谓语动词的单复数情况 · 10年10考 就近、远一致原则‌ · 掌握靠近主语和较远的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式的情况。‌ · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.系统复习并掌握主谓一致的基本知识。 2.熟练掌握主谓一致用法易错点。 ❤锦囊妙计 锦囊1：明确考查方向 1.主谓一致主要考查判断句子的主语及主语的单复数形式,从句作主语及定语从句中的主谓一致也会涉及。 主谓一致常和时态、语态、倒装、主语从句、定语从句一起考查,以及与判断名词的可数与不可数相结合考查。 2.主谓一致中and, as well as, together with 等连接并列成分,不定代词、非谓语动词、从句作主语等常考查。 3.主谓一致的就近一致原则和“分数/百分数/the only one/the majority/ all/the rest of 等+名词"作主语时主谓一致的情况也是考查的热点。 锦囊2：解题方法 解题时，要仔细分析句子成分，找出句子的主语和谓语动词，判断主语的单复数形式，从而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 主谓一致: 指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，主语的单、复数形式决定了谓语动词的形式。主谓一致的基本原则即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 语法一致原则：即在语法形式上一致。 意义一致原则：即从意义上一致。如主语形式上虽然是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式；主语形式上虽然是复数但在意义上看作单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。 就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 就远一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于较远的主语决定。 考点一 语法一致原则 知识梳理 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 · He is a famous singer. · The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. · Life is full of the unexpected. 1.谓语动词用单数的情况 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、数量、重量的名词时作主语时。 2. 当形式上是复数，但意义是单数的名词作主语时，如news, maths, plastics, physics等。 3. 国名、机构、人名或书名作主语时。以­s/­ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 4. 不定代词或由表示单数意义的each, either, no one, nothing等修饰的名词作主语时。 5. “A/an +可数名词单数+or two”作主语时；“one or two+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 6. 动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时。 例1. What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks. 他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。 例2. Bad news travels quickly. 例3.To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think. 学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。 例4. That he has won the game is known to us all. 他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。 2.谓语动词单、复数多变的情况 （1）当主语后面接由as well as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。 例1. Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly. 发音与语法一样变化很快。 例2. Nobody but Lily and Mary was in the classroom just now. 刚才除了丽丽和玛丽外没有人在教室里。 （2）由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。 例1. A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school. 很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。 例2. A great deal of water is polluted every year. 每年大量的水被污染。 （3）倒装句的主谓一致 a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。 A building stands in front of us. →In front of us stands a building. 我们面前矗立着一栋楼。 即时训练 1．—It is said that ________ people who the car accidents have killed ________ more than three hundred all across China in the past 3 months. —So everyone should know more about the traffic rules. A．a number of; is B．the numbers of; are C．numbers of; are D．the number of; is 2．Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults. A．the number of; four fifths B．a number of; four fifth C．a number of; four fifths 3．—This pair of shoes ________ really small for me. —Why not try another pair? A．be B．is C．are 4．My shoes are brown. This new pair of blue shoes ________ my sister’s. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．_______ my father_______ my mother can play taiji. They will learn it this summer. A．Neither; nor B．Not only; but also C．Both; and 6．—Mr. Yang, can Lily and I go and practice tennis this afternoon? —Sorry. ________ she ________ you can do it. You two have more important things to do then. A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Not only; but also 7．Volunteering our time to help people ________ a good way to learn new things. A．is B．are C．was 8．Everyone except Mary and Lily ________ there when the meeting began. A．is B．are C．were D．was 9．Tom likes sports. He often ________ football with his friends on weekends. A．plays B．is playing C．played D．will play 10．About ______ of the students in our class ______ to the plan of helping the old people this weekend. A．two thirds; agree B．two three; agree C．two third; agrees 11．“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping. A．are B．is C．were 考点二 意义一致原则 知识梳理 1. and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。 例1. Time and tide waits for no man. 岁月不等人。 例2. The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 2. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。 例1. Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study. 在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。 例2. Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers. 俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。 3. 分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。 例1.Three fourths of the teachers support the plan. 四分之三的老师支持这个计划。 例2. About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 例3. Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday. 昨天只干了60%的活。 4.“a kind of/a piece of/a pair of等+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词与表示计量单位的名词形式保持一致。 例1. Three pairs glasses are on the desk. 课桌上有3副眼镜。 5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, government, audience（观众）等。 例1. The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 例2. The class are doing experiments. 全班学生都在做实验。 6.“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例1. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 美好的事物给人带来快乐。 即时训练 1．I plan to travel to Shanghai next month, and I think 3, 000 yuan ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 2．Ten months __________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build the bridge. A．is B．isn’t C．are D．aren’t 3．There’re always lots of ________ in the street during the Chinese Spring Festival. A．people B．stranger C．traffic D．student 4．The poor ________ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the leadership of President Xi. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．Most of the population in the village _________ for big cities. As a result, big cities are becoming more and more crowded. A．has been left B．have been away C．is visiting 考点三 就近一致原则 知识梳理 1. 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例1. Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it. 吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。 2. 在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 例1. There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。 例2. →There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table. 桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。 3. many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例.Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。 即时训练 1．We want a musician for our school music festival. Either you ________ he can join us. A．and B．but C．or D．with 2．—Tell us something about the meeting, OK? —I’m sorry. ________ Jack  ________ I have attended it. A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and 3．—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years? —Yes! So we must do something to save the earth. A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be 4．Look, here is some ________ on the best universities for you to study abroad. A．book B．tip C．suggestion D．information 考点四 就远一致原则 知识梳理 主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致 · My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. · I as well as my sister am good at English. · His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music. 即时训练 1．Tom with his friends often ________ to the old people’s home to cheer the old up. A．go B．going C．goes 2．—History as well as politics _______ more and more important in middle school. —We should pay more attention to them. A．are becoming B．are getting C．is becoming 3．Everyone except Tom and John ________ seen the film. A．has B．have C．haven’t 4．Linda with her parents ________ to Jingyue Park every week, and all of them feel very happy. A．go B．goes C．went D．going 考点五 主语一致易错点 知识梳理 1.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例.Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。 2.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名 词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例1. A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals 人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。 例2. The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000. 员工人数从21.8万下降到了11.6万。 3.单复数同形的名词，如：deer, sheep, fish,means,works,Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 例1.All means have been tried. 所有方式都试过了。 例2.Every means has been tried. 每一种方式都试过了。 4.当man作“人类”，the world（世界上的人）讲作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例1. Only man knows how to cook. 只有人类懂得烹饪。 例2. All the world knows that the earth is round. 世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。 5.非谓语动词作主语 1　 单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 · Listening to music is a way too relax myself. · To save the endangered animals is what we need to do. 2　 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数 · To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. · To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. (11) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。 1　 先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数 · I want to know the man who is singing in the music room. · The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice. 2　 “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数 · Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded. · Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded. 即时训练 1．The president, together with the other teachers ________ going to attend a meeting about the environment. A．is B．are C．were 2．—John, as well as his parents, ________ fishing every Saturday. —With “Double Reduction” policy (“双减”政策) carried out, students have more time to take part in after-school activities. A．is going B．go C．goes 3．Sue with her parents often ________ hills on Sundays. A．climb B．climbs C．climbed 4．_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Bill as well as his friends B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Not only Tim but also the twins D．Either Anita or Jack 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第12讲 主谓一致 目录 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究...............................................................................................................................3 考点一 语法一致原则.......................................................................................................................... 3 1.谓语动词用单数的情况..................................................................................................................... 4 2.谓语动词单、复数多变的情况......................................................................................................... 4 考点二 意义一致原则.......................................................................................................................... 7 考点三 就近一致原则...................................................................................................................... 10 考点四 就远一致原则....................................................................................................................... 11 考点五 主语一致易错点................................................................................................................... 12 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 语法一致原则 · 掌握谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致的情况 · 10年10考 近几年，主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题，解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时，学生就必须考虑主谓一致。 意义一致原则‌ · 掌握从意义上判定的谓语动词的单复数情况 · 10年10考 就近、远一致原则‌ · 掌握靠近主语和较远的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式的情况。‌ · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.系统复习并掌握主谓一致的基本知识。 2.熟练掌握主谓一致用法易错点。 ❤锦囊妙计 锦囊1：明确考查方向 1.主谓一致主要考查判断句子的主语及主语的单复数形式,从句作主语及定语从句中的主谓一致也会涉及。 主谓一致常和时态、语态、倒装、主语从句、定语从句一起考查,以及与判断名词的可数与不可数相结合考查。 2.主谓一致中and, as well as, together with 等连接并列成分,不定代词、非谓语动词、从句作主语等常考查。 3.主谓一致的就近一致原则和“分数/百分数/the only one/the majority/ all/the rest of 等+名词"作主语时主谓一致的情况也是考查的热点。 锦囊2：解题方法 解题时，要仔细分析句子成分，找出句子的主语和谓语动词，判断主语的单复数形式，从而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 主谓一致: 指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，主语的单、复数形式决定了谓语动词的形式。主谓一致的基本原则即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 语法一致原则：即在语法形式上一致。 意义一致原则：即从意义上一致。如主语形式上虽然是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式；主语形式上虽然是复数但在意义上看作单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。 就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 就远一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于较远的主语决定。 考点一 语法一致原则 知识梳理 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 · He is a famous singer. · The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. · Life is full of the unexpected. 1.谓语动词用单数的情况 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、数量、重量的名词时作主语时。 2. 当形式上是复数，但意义是单数的名词作主语时，如news, maths, plastics, physics等。 3. 国名、机构、人名或书名作主语时。以­s/­ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 4. 不定代词或由表示单数意义的each, either, no one, nothing等修饰的名词作主语时。 5. “A/an +可数名词单数+or two”作主语时；“one or two+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 6. 动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时。 例1. What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks. 他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。 例2. Bad news travels quickly. 例3.To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think. 学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。 例4. That he has won the game is known to us all. 他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。 2.谓语动词单、复数多变的情况 （1）当主语后面接由as well as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。 例1. Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly. 发音与语法一样变化很快。 例2. Nobody but Lily and Mary was in the classroom just now. 刚才除了丽丽和玛丽外没有人在教室里。 （2）由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。 例1. A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school. 很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。 例2. A great deal of water is polluted every year. 每年大量的水被污染。 （3）倒装句的主谓一致 a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。 A building stands in front of us. →In front of us stands a building. 我们面前矗立着一栋楼。 即时训练 1．—It is said that ________ people who the car accidents have killed ________ more than three hundred all across China in the past 3 months. —So everyone should know more about the traffic rules. A．a number of; is B．the numbers of; are C．numbers of; are D．the number of; is 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——据说在过去的3个月里，全中国死于车祸的人数超过了300人。——所以每个人都应该更多地了解交通规则。考查主谓一致。a number of许多，大量；the numbers of……的总数；numbers of许多；the number of……的数量。根据“more than three hundred”可知，第一空处指的是数量，用the number of。此处是一般现在时，the number of…作主语，be动词用is。故选D。 2．Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults. A．the number of; four fifths B．a number of; four fifth C．a number of; four fifths 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如今，很多人更喜欢华为手机，其中约五分之四是成年人。考查形容词短语及分数的表达。the number of……的数量，作主语时，谓语用单数；a number of很多，大量，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。根据谓语“like”可知，空一处指很多的人，用a number of；空二处表示是分数，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，分母需用复数，因此五分之四表示four fifths。故选C。 3．—This pair of shoes ________ really small for me. —Why not try another pair? A．be B．is C．are 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这双鞋对我来说真的很小。——为什么不试试另一双呢？考查主谓一致。分析句子可知，This pair of shoes作主语，名词shoes前有单位词pair修饰，谓语动词的单复数由单位词定，pair是单数，谓语动词就用单数。故选 B。 4．My shoes are brown. This new pair of blue shoes ________ my sister’s. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我的鞋子是棕色的。这双新的蓝色鞋子是我妹妹的。考查主谓一致和时态。题目中“This new pair of ”是单数，故用is/was。且根据“My shoes are brown.”可知，这里是一般现在时。故选A。 5．_______ my father_______ my mother can play taiji. They will learn it this summer. A．Neither; nor B．Not only; but also C．Both; and 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我爸爸和我妈妈都不会打太极。他们这个夏天会学。考查并列连词辨析。Neither; nor既不……也不；Not only; but also不仅……而且；Both; and两者都。根据“They will learn it this summer.”可知，爸爸和妈妈都不会太极。故选A。 6．—Mr. Yang, can Lily and I go and practice tennis this afternoon? —Sorry. ________ she ________ you can do it. You two have more important things to do then. A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Not only; but also 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——王老师，我和莉莉下午能去打网球吗？——抱歉。她和你都不能去。你俩有更重要的事情要做。考查连词。either...or或者……或者；neither...nor既不……也不；both...and两者都；not only... but also不但……而且。根据“You two have more important things to do then.”可知，此处是指俩人都不能去。故选B。 7．Volunteering our time to help people ________ a good way to learn new things. A．is B．are C．was 【答案】A 【解析】句意：自愿花时间帮助别人是学习新事物的好方法。考查主谓一致。由“Volunteering our time to help people”可知是动名词作主语，说的是自愿花时间帮助别人这件事情，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。故选A。 8．Everyone except Mary and Lily ________ there when the meeting began. A．is B．are C．were D．was 【答案】D 【解析】句意：会议开始时，除了玛丽和莉莉以外，所有人都在那里。考查be动词和一般过去时。根据“Everyone except Mary and Lily...there”可知，主语是不定代词“Everyone”，be动词应用单数形式，故排除选项B和C；结合“when the meeting began”，可知句子用一般过去时，be动词应用was。故选D。 9．Tom likes sports. He often ________ football with his friends on weekends. A．plays B．is playing C．played D．will play 【答案】A 【解析】句意：汤姆喜欢运动。他经常在周末和朋友们一起踢足球。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据空前的“often”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数的“He”，所以此处应用三单形式。故选A。 10．About ______ of the students in our class ______ to the plan of helping the old people this weekend. A．two thirds; agree B．two three; agree C．two third; agrees 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们班大约三分之二的学生同意这个周末帮助老人的计划。考查分数表达和主谓一致。表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数，故三分之二为two thirds；分数后的名词“students”为复数，谓语动词用原形。故选A。 11．“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping. A．are B．is C．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：习主席说：“一个国家只有在人民繁荣的时候才是真正的繁荣”。考查主谓一致。根据“A country is truly prosperous”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语“its people”表示复数，be动词应用are。故选A。 考点二 意义一致原则 知识梳理 1. and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。 例1. Time and tide waits for no man. 岁月不等人。 例2. The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 2. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。 例1. Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study. 在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。 例2. Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers. 俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。 3. 分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。 例1.Three fourths of the teachers support the plan. 四分之三的老师支持这个计划。 例2. About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 例3. Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday. 昨天只干了60%的活。 4.“a kind of/a piece of/a pair of等+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词与表示计量单位的名词形式保持一致。 例1. Three pairs glasses are on the desk. 课桌上有3副眼镜。 5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, government, audience（观众）等。 例1. The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 例2. The class are doing experiments. 全班学生都在做实验。 6.“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例1. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 美好的事物给人带来快乐。 即时训练 1．I plan to travel to Shanghai next month, and I think 3, 000 yuan ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我计划下个月去上海旅游，我想3000元足够了。考查时态和主谓一致。根据“I think”可知，句子时态是一般现在时；主语是“3, 000 yuan”，视作不可数名词，故选C。 2．Ten months __________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build the bridge. A．is B．isn’t C．are D．aren’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意：十个月不是很长的时间，但对我们来说，建造这座桥已经足够了。考查主谓一致。句子主语“Ten months”是一个整体，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合“but it’s enough for us to build the bridge.”可知，十个月不是很长的时间，此处应用否定形式，故选B。 3．There’re always lots of ________ in the street during the Chinese Spring Festival. A．people B．stranger C．traffic D．student 【答案】A 【解析】句意：春节期间街上总是有很多人。考查名词辨析。people人，集合名词；stranger陌生人，可数名词单数；traffic交通，不可数名词；student学生，可数名词单数，空前的“lots of”后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词，排除B和D，根据“There’re”可知主语应用可数名词复数或集合名词，排除C，故选A。 4．The poor ________ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the leadership of President Xi. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【解析】句意：近年来，在习主席的领导下，我国的穷人越来越少。考查主谓一致。根据题干可知“the+形容词”表示一类人，作句子主语时，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和句意可知近年来，中国的穷人越来越少，故时态用现在进行时，所以填are。故选B。 5．Most of the population in the village _________ for big cities. As a result, big cities are becoming more and more crowded. A．has been left B．have been away C．is visiting 【答案】B 【解析】句意：村子里的大部分人口离开去大城市了，结果大城市变得越来越拥挤。考查谓语动词。此处谓语动词单复数与most of后面所修饰的名词的单复数保持一致；此处指的是部分的人口，表达复数概念，谓语动词用复数，排除A和C。此处是现在完成时，表达动作从过去持续对现在造成影响，用延续性动词be away for表示“离开去某地”。故选B。 考点三 就近一致原则 知识梳理 1. 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例1. Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it. 吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。 2. 在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 例1. There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。 例2. →There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table. 桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。 3. many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例.Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。 即时训练 1．We want a musician for our school music festival. Either you ________ he can join us. A．and B．but C．or D．with 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们需要一位音乐家参加学校的音乐节。要么你，要么他可以加入我们。考查词义辨析。and和；but但是；or或者；with和。根据“Either you ... he can join us.”可知，此处是either ... or“要么……要么……”。故选C。 2．—Tell us something about the meeting, OK? —I’m sorry. ________ Jack  ________ I have attended it. A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——给我们讲讲那个会议吧，好吗？——我很抱歉。我和Jack都没有参加会议。考查连词辨析。Either...or“要么……要么”；Neither...nor“既不……也不”；Both...and“……和……都”。根据“I’m sorry.”可知，无法回应对方要求讲讲会议的请求，因为两个人都没去参加会议。故选B。 3．—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years? —Yes! So we must do something to save the earth. A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你认为几年后污染会更严重吗？——是的！所以我们必须做些什么来拯救地球。考查there be句型的一般将来时。there be“有”，不与have连用，排除B选项；根据“in a few years”可知，时态为一般将来时，there be与一般将来时连用，结构为there will be。故选D。 4．Look, here is some ________ on the best universities for you to study abroad. A．book B．tip C．suggestion D．information 【答案】D 【解析】句意：看，这里有一些最适合你出国留学的大学的信息。考查名词辨析。book书，可数名词；tip建议，可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；information信息，不可数名词。some表示“一些”，后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词，四个选项中ABC三个选项都是可数名词，应该用其复数形式，但是选项都是单数，所以排除ABC。D选项是不可数名词，所以空格处填information。故选D。 考点四 就远一致原则 知识梳理 主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致 · My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. · I as well as my sister am good at English. · His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music. 即时训练 1．Tom with his friends often ________ to the old people’s home to cheer the old up. A．go B．going C．goes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：汤姆和他的朋友经常去敬老院给老人们打气。考查主谓一致。根据“Tom with his friends”可知，with连接两个并列主语时，谓语的数遵循“就远原则”，最远的主语是Tom，谓语动词用三单goes。故选C。 2．—History as well as politics _______ more and more important in middle school. —We should pay more attention to them. A．are becoming B．are getting C．is becoming 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——历史和政治在中学变得越来越重要了。——我们应该多多关注它们。考查主谓一致。由as well as“也”连接两个并列成分作主语时，其谓语动词应遵循就远原则，与History保持一致，be动词应用单数。故选C。 3．Everyone except Tom and John ________ seen the film. A．has B．have C．haven’t 【答案】A 【解析】句意：除了汤姆和约翰，所有人都看过这部电影。考查主谓一致。except表示“除……之外”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最远的主语保持一致。Everyone为不定代词，且结合“seen”可知，助动词需用has。故选A。 4．Linda with her parents ________ to Jingyue Park every week, and all of them feel very happy. A．go B．goes C．went D．going 【答案】B 【解析】句意：Linda每周和她的父母一起去静月公园，他们都感觉很开心。考查主谓一致。go去。根据“every week”可知这里是一般现在时，with“和；与……一道”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最远的主语保持一致，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 考点五 主语一致易错点 知识梳理 1.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例.Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。 2.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名 词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例1. A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals 人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。 例2. The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000. 员工人数从21.8万下降到了11.6万。 3.单复数同形的名词，如：deer, sheep, fish,means,works,Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 例1.All means have been tried. 所有方式都试过了。 例2.Every means has been tried. 每一种方式都试过了。 4.当man作“人类”，the world（世界上的人）讲作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例1. Only man knows how to cook. 只有人类懂得烹饪。 例2. All the world knows that the earth is round. 世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。 5.非谓语动词作主语 1　 单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 · Listening to music is a way too relax myself. · To save the endangered animals is what we need to do. 2　 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数 · To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. · To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. (11) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。 1　 先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数 · I want to know the man who is singing in the music room. · The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice. 2　 “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数 · Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded. · Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded. 即时训练 1．The president, together with the other teachers ________ going to attend a meeting about the environment. A．is B．are C．were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：校长将和其他老师一起参加一个关于环境的会议。考查主谓一致。在这个句子中，主语是president，together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词应该和president保持一致，用单数形式。故选A。 2．—John, as well as his parents, ________ fishing every Saturday. —With “Double Reduction” policy (“双减”政策) carried out, students have more time to take part in after-school activities. A．is going B．go C．goes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——约翰和他的父母每周六都去钓鱼。 ——随着”双减”政策的实施，学生有更多的时间参加课后活动。 考查主谓一致。根据“John，as well as his parents”可知，此处应遵循就远原则，“as well as”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最远的主语保持一致。；主语“John”是单数，根据时间状语“every Saturday”可知，句子是一般现在时态，谓语动词应为第三人称单数。 故选C。 3．Sue with her parents often ________ hills on Sundays. A．climb B．climbs C．climbed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：苏和她的父母经常在星期天爬山。 考查动词时态。根据“often”和“on Sundays”可知，此处用一般现在时，with连接并列主语，谓语动词采用就远原则，主语Sue是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选B。 4．_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Bill as well as his friends B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Not only Tim but also the twins D．Either Anita or Jack 【答案】C 【解析】句意：不仅汤姆而且那对双胞胎在他们的空闲时间都着迷听流行音乐。考查主谓一致。as well as“就远原则”，be动词应用is；Neither…nor意为“两者都不”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，用is；Not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“twins”表示复数，be动词用are；Either…nor…意为“要么……要么……”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，用is。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$