高二英语开学摸底考（上海专用）-2024-2025学年高中下学期开学摸底考试卷

2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Shopping. B．Talking about ads. C．Reading newspapers. D．Watching TV. 【答案】D 【原文】 W: Why did you change the channel? M: Sorry, I didn’t know you wanted to watch the advertisements. Q: What are the two speakers probably doing? 2．A．In Britain. B．In France. C．In China. D．In the U.S.. 【答案】B 【原文】 W:Hi,Johnson,are you from Britain? M: No, I come from the U. S., but I studied in France and work in China now. Q: Where did the man receive his education? 3．A．Math test B．English test C．Biology test D．History test 【答案】A 【原文】 M: Miss Fang, for tomorrow’s test can we use a calculator? W: No, you should learn basic calculation skills. Question: Which test is the man most probably going to take? 4．A．It was seriously damaged. B．It was badly flooded. C．It crashed on a bridge. D．It was beyond repair. 【答案】A 【原文】 W: I am really sorry about crashing your car. M: No problem. It’s fixed now so it’s water under the bridge. Q: What happened to the man’s car? 5．A．They plan to have the meeting in another place. B．The availability of the meeting room will be discussed. C．They have already had the meeting. D．They will have the meeting sometime later. 【答案】D 【原文】 W: Aren’t we supposed to have a meeting this afternoon? M: It was the plan but then it turned out that the meeting room was occupied and we had to postpone it. Q: What does the man mean? 6．A．Feed the dog B．Clean the dog’s house C．Give the dog a bath D．Find something to eat. 【答案】B 【原文】 M: Before feeding the dog, I am going to clear up its the house. W: It’s about time. Look at the mess! It smells terrible. Question: What is the man most probably going to do first? 7．A．Library. B．Bookstore. C．Museum. D．Gallery. 【答案】A 【原文】 M: Excuse me, but I was wondering if you could help me find this book? W: No problem. Let me have a look. Oh, this book is not for circulation. You can only read it here. Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? 8．A．This Sunday. B．Next Thursday. C．Next Monday. D．The Monday after next. 【答案】B 【原文】 M: Can you start to work next Monday right after this weekend? W: On Monday? Oh, no. Could you possibly postpone my start date for a week or at least until next Thursday? Q: What is the earliest start date for the woman? 9．A．Expensive B．Cheap C．Unsuitable D．Unnecessary 【答案】A 【原文】 W: Shall we buy some magazines on home decoration before furnishing our new house? M: We could. But considering the information, don’t you think they are overpriced? Question: What does the man think of such magazines? 10．A．She was fired by the company. B．She broke the law. C．She is on leave right now. D．She is replacing the company’s website. 【答案】C 【原文】 W: Miss James just gave birth to a baby and according to the law, she won’t be back in the office in the next three months. We have to find a replacement. M: Sure. We’ve already added a job opening on our company’s website. Q: What is TRUE about Miss James? Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．A schedule with all the activities and time on it B．A schedule you make for your friends. C．A schedule you make for your boss. D．A schedule you make for your parents. 12．A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 13．A．To achieve your long-term goals. B．To plan your time well. C．To finish your homework. D．To list all of the work that you have to do. 【答案】11．A 12．B 13．B 【原文】 Have you ever forgotten an appointment at the doctor’s or been late in getting to your part-time job? Occasionally, these difficulties happen to everybody. However, you can avoid such problems if you write out a schedule. It will help you to find out how much time you have to do the things that are important as well as those that are fun. A master schedule can be used to find out how much time you really have for activities. This schedule lists all of the activities that you must complete. A weekly schedule can also be used to help you plan time for the things you really like to do. It should also include activities that will help you to achieve lifetime, long-term and short-term goals. Finally, it should include your study time and free time. Free time is necessary so that you can make needed changes in your schedule. A daily schedule is a final suggestion to help you plan your time. Qs: 11. What does “a master schedule” mean? 12. How many different schedules are mentioned? 13. What can you use your daily schedule to do? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Because they want to buy furniture B．Because they have a lot of leisure time. C．Because they hope to meet an artist. D．Because they want to find something valuable. 15．A．They are tired of the luxurious but not practical goods. B．They want to add some value to their collection. C．They appreciate the real crafts of the old workmen. D．They consider the price of the used goods is reasonable. 16．A．Real artistic works in the past. B．A real bargain in local bookstores. C．Popularity of the second-hand books. D．A new fashion about second-hand goods. 【答案】14．D 15．A 16．D 【原文】 Searching for second-hand goods is no longer regarded as a shameful thing. Nowadays, many people enjoy the fun of the city in their spare time hunting for something valuable. Looking for used goods has become a fashion. In the past, craftsmen were serious about making furniture. Since they were not crazy about seeking wealth, they could settle down to make real artistic works. No wonder that people nowadays love their products. Insiders estimate that there are at least 60-70 stores in Shanghai that sell used goods. Apart from furniture stores, business stores that sell second-hand jewelries are developing as well. Recently, bookstores that sell second-hand books have become popular in Shanghai again. Some books were made during the late Qing Dynasty while others during the 1980s. Lots of people visit these bookstores. 55-year-old Mr. Li said that in recent years, there were too many books about fashion or leisure. New good books might as well sell at very high prices. So, he’d rather go to second-hand bookstores to look for books that are good yet not expensive. If you have something to buy next time but can’t afford it, the market for second-hand goods is a good choice for you. Questions: 14. Why do some people hang out in the city in their spare time? 15. Which may NOT be the reason why people hunt for second-hand goods? 16. What is the best title for the passage? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．Name. B．Address. C．Receipt. D．Phone number. 18．A．For customs’ check. B．For security check. C．For convenience’s sake. D．For the company’s sake. 19．A．The time needed for sending the parcel. B．The flight time to New York. C．The parcel’s destination. D．Parcel collection. 20．A．The parcel will arrive in 24 hours by air. B．The parcel will arrive in 48 hours by air at most. C．The parcel will arrive in 24 hours by train. D．The parcel will arrive in 48 hours by train at most. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B 【原文】 M: Parcel Express. Good morning. How can I help you? W: Good morning. I’m thinking of sending a parcel to New York next week. Can you tell me what the procedure is, please? M: Certainly. When you ring us we need the following information: the invoice address, that’s probably your address, isn’t it? And then the pick-up address if that’s different. And a contact phone number. W: Just a moment. I’m taking notes, Phone number, right. M: Then we need the full name, address and phone number of the person you are sending the parcel to. W: OK. Anything else? M: Yes, the weight and dimensions of the parcel, that’s height, width, and length, and the value of the goods and the full description. W: Value description. M: Yes, but don’t seal the parcel. You need to leave it open so that the driver can check the contents when he collects it. After the recent bombing, the airline said that we had to check all parcels. They told us we had to do it. W: Fine. Now the last question: How long will the parcel take to get to New York? M: One to two working days. There are daily flights at midday. And if we collect the parcel from you at 10:15, then your parcel catches that flight, and it’ll arrive in 24 hours. W: Right. Thank you very much. You’ve been very helpful. M: Not at all. Goodbye. W: Goodbye. Questions: 17. Which of the following is NOT needed by Parcel Express? 18. Why must parcels be left open according to the conversation? 19. What’s the woman’s last inquiry mainly concerned with? 20. What can we know from the conversation? II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Raleigh International Four students from National University have recently returned from Africa, where they participated in development projects with local residents in rural areas. For 10 weeks, these young people worked in Zimbabwe and Botswana 21 members of a program called Raleigh International. Raleigh International, which 22 (found) in 1984, gives young people a chance to do volunteer work while experiencing other countries and their cultures. The program, 23 name was in memory of the explorer Sir Walter-Raleigh, encourages young people to help others and work in difficult settings. More than 30, 000 students from a variety of cultures and backgrounds have volunteered in a total of 40 countries. Marisa Silvestri, 20, a business major, traveled to Zimbabwe to work with a group in the Mavuradonha Wilderness Area. Their first project was helping farmers build electric fences to protect their crops from 24 (destroy). When elephants entered the village one night, the students joined with farmers 25 (drive) them away and preserve the fields. Silvestri’s group also constructed small cottages for tourists to stay in, 26 (build) in the local style. Saeed Mohammed, also 20 arid an engineering major, joined 27 group in Zimbabwe. His group carried out as survey of health problems in several villages and taught children about good health habits. 28 impresed Saeed was that the kids were so curious about the Raleigh International students that after the health lessons, they asked them questions about “everything else under the sun”. Saeed’s group also worked to build foot trails through the forest. While they were out working in the bush, a fire 29 (break) out, destroying eight kilometers of forest. The students fought to bring the fire under control, sleeping only 45 minutes during the two days. In Botswana, two 19-year-old students, Lakeshia Young and David Min, helped to build a clinic and a meeting hall in a small village. 30 they didn’t face angry elephants, they said the building work was much harder than they expected. “It was a great learning experience,” Young said. 【参考答案】 21． as 22．was founded 23．whose 24．being destroyed 25．to drive 26．built 27．another 28．What 29．broke 30．Although/Though/While 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了成立于1984年的罗利国际组织给年轻人提供了一个在体验其他国家和文化的同时做志愿者工作的机会。该项目以探险家沃尔特-罗利爵士的名字命名，鼓励年轻人帮助他人，在困难的环境中工作。来自不同文化和背景的3万多名学生在总共40个国家做志愿者。 【详情解析】 21．考查介词。句意：这些年轻人作为罗利国际项目的成员在津巴布韦和博茨瓦纳工作了10周。后跟名词作宾语，表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。 22．考查时态语态。句意：成立于1984年的罗利国际组织给年轻人提供了一个在体验其他国家和文化的同时做志愿者工作的机会。which指代先行词Raleigh International在从句作主语，与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in 1984可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was founded。 23．考查定语从句。句意：该项目以探险家沃尔特·罗利爵士的名字命名，鼓励年轻人帮助他人，在困难的环境中工作。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词program，在从句作定语，应用whose引导。故填whose。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的第一个项目是帮助农民建造电栅栏，保护他们的庄稼不被毁坏。作介词from的宾语，且crops与destroy构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用动名词被动形式being done。故填being destroyed。 25．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天晚上，当大象进入村庄时，学生们和农民们一起赶走了大象，保护了田地。此处drive作目的状语，用不定式。故填to drive。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：西尔维斯特里的团队还建造了当地风格的小别墅供游客居住。此处build与cottages构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填built。 27．考查代词。句意：赛义德·穆罕默德也是20岁，主修工程，他加入了津巴布韦的另一个组织。后跟单数名词，表示“另一个”应用another。故填another。 28．考查主语从句。句意：让赛义德印象深刻的是，孩子们对罗利国际学校的学生非常好奇，在健康课结束后，他们问了他们关于“世界上其他一切”的问题。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。 29．考查时态。句意：当他们在灌木丛中工作时，一场大火发生了，烧毁了八公里的森林。设空处作谓语，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填broke。 30．考查状语从句。句意：虽然他们没有面对愤怒的大象，但他们说建造工作比他们想象的要困难得多。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although/though/while，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． monitors     B．risen     C． nonprofit     D．mostly E. alarms    F. recovered     G. nonexistent    H. amazingly I. corresponding    J. responded    K. remote     US schools struggle to deal with hoax (恶作剧) shootings More and more US schools are confiscating (没收) guns from students and having to deal with calls falsely reporting school shootings. The number of guns found on students in schools during the first two months of this school year has 31 compared with the same time in the past two years, says the nonprofit group Gun Violence Archive, which 32 gun activity. At least 220 guns were seized last month and in August in 35 states, compared with 128 at the same time last year. In the 33 period in 2019, 132 guns were confiscated. The number of guns found in 2020 is likely to have been lower because it was amid the pandemic, when classes were 34 . At least 15 guns were 35 from schools in Baltimore, Maryland, last year, said Sergeant Clyde Boatwright of the Baltimore City School Police Force. It was higher than in any recent year. This school year the department has recovered two guns. One was used when a high-school student was shot dead outside a school. The increasing prevalence of guns comes with an increase in what has come to be known as swatting. This is a hoax in which someone calls emergency services and reports a 36 crime to get law enforcement officials, generally a SWAT team, to go to an address. On Wednesday many San Francisco Bay Area high schools received active shooter hoax calls, a day after police in Florida 37 to swatting calls at several high schools. Since early last month about 117 hoaxes have been reported at schools in 17 states and the District of Columbia, said the National Association of School Resource Officers, a 38 group for school-based law enforcement professionals. “These false 39 are far from harmless,” said Mo Canady, the associations’ executive director. “They also distract limited public safety resources from other community needs and increase anxiety among students and others.” The calls have been made 40 from high schools, but also middle and elementary schools, according to local news reports. Some of the calls are hard to trace because they are made from internet phone numbers, law enforcement experts said. 【参考答案】 31．B 32．A 33．I 34．K 35．F 36．G 37．J 38．C 39．E 40．D 【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了越来越多的美国学生带枪支进入学校，警察在没收枪支的同时还要应对越来越多的虚假校园枪击事件报警电话。 【详情解析】 31．考查动词。句意：监测枪支活动的非营利组织枪支暴力档案(Gun Violence Archive)表示，与过去两年同期相比，本学年头两个月在学校学生身上发现的枪支数量有所上升。分析句子可知，设空处是句中谓语动词，应与助动词has构成现在完成时态，结合第二段中“At least 220 guns were seized last month and in August in 35 states, compared with 128 at the same time last year.(上个月和8月份，美国35个州至少查获了220支枪支，而去年同期为128支)”可知，在学校学生身上发现的枪支数量增加了，所以用动词rise，其过去分词为risen。故选B项。 32．考查动词。句意：监测枪支活动的非营利组织枪支暴力档案(Gun Violence Archive)表示，与过去两年同期相比，本学年头两个月在学校学生身上发现的枪支数量有所上升。分析句子可知，设空处是定语从句中谓语动词，结合上文“the nonprofit group Gun Violence Archive”可推知，该非营利组织在监测枪支活动，一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语单数形式，用monitor作谓语动词，意为“监测”。故选A项。 33．考查形容词。句意：2019年同期收缴枪支132支。结合句意，表示“相应的时期；同期”应用形容词corresponding作定语，修饰名词period。故选I项。 34．考查形容词。句意：2020年发现的枪支数量可能更低，因为当时正值疫情，课程极少。设空处在句中作表语，结合上文“amid the pandemic”可推知，新冠疫情期，学校课程很少，用形容词remote作表语，其意为“（机会或可能性）极少的”。故选K项。 35．考查动词。句意：巴尔的摩市学校警察部队的警官克莱德·波莱特(Clyde Boatwright)说，去年在马里兰州巴尔的摩市的学校里至少发现了15支枪。根据下文“This school year the department has recovered two guns. One was used when a high-school student was shot dead outside a school.(本学年，警局已经找到了两把枪。一名高中生在学校外被枪杀时使用了其中一把)”可知，段中在说巴尔的摩市在学校发现的枪支数量，结合were，用动词recover“获得，寻回”的过去分词recovered构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选F项。 36．考查形容词。句意：这是一种骗局，有人打电话给紧急服务部门，报告一起不存在的犯罪，让执法人员，通常是特警小组，去一个地址。根据句中“This is a hoax (这是一种骗局)”可知，这是虚假报案，犯罪行为并不存在，用形容词nonexistent作定语修饰名词crime，意为“不存在的”。故选G项。 37．考查动词。句意：周三，许多旧金山湾区的高中接到了活跃的枪手恶作剧电话，一天前，佛罗里达州警方回应了几所高中的虚假报案电话。设空处是从句中谓语动词，事情已发生，一般过去时；根据主语“police”和宾语“swatting calls”可知，警方对虚假报案电话作出回应，用动词respond，意为“回应；作出反应”，句中用过去式。故选J项。 38．考查形容词。句意：全美学校资源官员协会(National Association of School Resource Officers)表示，自上个月初以来，美国17个州和哥伦比亚特区的学校已经报告了约117起骗局，该协会是一个面向学校执法专业人士的非营利组织。根据“the National Association of School Resource Officers”和“group for school-based law enforcement professionals”可推知，National Association of School Resource Officers是一个非营利组织，用形容词nonprofit作定语修饰名词group，意为“非营利的；不以营利为目的”。故选C项。 39．考查名词。句意：“这些虚假报警远非无害，”协会执行董事莫•卡纳迪(Mo Canady)表示。根据上文“This is a hoax in which someone calls emergency services and reports a　　36　　 crime(这是一种骗局，有人打电话给紧急服务部门，报告一起不存在的犯罪)”和下文“They also distract limited public safety resources from other community needs and increase anxiety among students and others.(它们还分散了有限的公共安全资源对其他社区需求的注意力，增加了学生和其他人的焦虑)”可推知，莫•卡纳迪说的是虚假报警行为造成的危害，false alarms“假警报”。故选E项。 40．考查副词。句意：据当地新闻报道，这些电话主要来自高中，但也有初中和小学。根据下文“but also middle and elementary schools”可推知，这些虚假报警电话主要来至高中，用副词mostly作状语修饰动词have been made，意为“主要地”。故选D项。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 41 . Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 42 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out—and why; how to deal with difficult 43 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 44 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 45 issues. Dunbar 46 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 47 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 48 of the higher primates(灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 49 from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 50 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 51 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 52 the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 53 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 54 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 55 contact. 41．A．gesture B．gossip C．description D．recognition 42．A．occasionally B．habitually C．discreetly D．originally 43．A．historical B．natural C．social D．cultural 44．A．wasters B．users C．masters D．owners 45．A．witty B．vivid C．vital D．worthless 46．A．supposes B．rejects C．highlights D．outlines 47．A．on the contrary B．for instance C．in addition D．as a result 48．A．comprehension B．appearance C．motivation D．behaviour 49．A．contact B．attack C．assistance D．trick 50．A．concludes B．recalls C．requires D．confesses 51．A．protection B．prospect C．responsibility D．promise 52．A．echo B．blame C．ease D．preserve 53．A．established B．extended C．earned D．consumed 54．A．efficient B．scientific C．considerate D．common 55．A．regular B．independent C．widespread D．physical 【参考答案】 41． B 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．D 49．B 50．A 51．A 52．C 53．B 54．A 55．D 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们语言的大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而是闲言碎语，而Dunbar教授认为这些闲言碎语不是在浪费时间，而是对语言的发展很重要。 【详情解析】 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类对话的三分之二都不是关于文化、政治的话题，也不是我们看过的热门电影和读过的书，而是简单的闲聊。A. gesture姿势；B. gossip闲聊；C. description描述；D. recognition识别。根据后文“We gossip.”的词义复现可知，本文主要讲述关于闲聊的话题，故此处指人类对话的三分之二都是简单的闲聊，故选B。 42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：语言是我们这个物种最宝贵的财富，而我们通常用语言干什么呢？A. occasionally偶尔，不时；B. habitually通常；C. discreetly谨慎地；D. originally原始地。根据前文“Language is our greatest treasure as a species”可知，语言是我们宝贵的财富，我们无时无刻不使用语言，故此处指我们通常用语言来干什么，故选B。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：怎样处理有关孩子、爱人以及同事的复杂社交关系。A. historical历史的；B. natural自然的；C. social社会的；D. cultural文化的。根据空后“involving children, lovers, and colleagues.”可知，涉及到孩子、爱人和同事，这些都是属于社交方面，故选C。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们只是时间和话语的天然浪费者吗？A. wasters浪费者；B. users使用者；C. masters大师；D. owners拥有着。根据空后“of both time and words?”可知，闲聊是一种对时间和语言的浪费，不涉及任何重要的信息，故此处指我们是时间和语言的浪费者。故选A。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在其新书《装扮、闲聊和语言的演化》中，这位心理学家说，闲聊恰恰是最重要的事情之一。A. witty风趣的；B. vivid生动的；C. vital重要的；D. worthless无价值的。根据前文“Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.”可知，前文反问，我们热衷于八卦是因为我们天生喜欢浪费时间和口舌，还是说只是为了逃避更重要的事？而Professor Robin Dunbar 反对这一观点，故Dunbar教授认为闲聊是很重要的事情，故选C。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar不同意语言是人类在社会发展的早期阶段为了更有效地组织男人的狩猎活动乃至促进有关自身起源和超自然力量的诗歌故事的交流而发展起来的传统看法。A. supposes认为；B. rejects反对，拒绝；C. highlights强调；D. outlines概述。根据后文“Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.”可知，与此相反，他暗示语言是在女人之间演化形成的，故他不同意这个观点，故选B。 47．考查短语词义辨析。句意：正因为我们有说话的能力，所以我们不可以花三分之二的时间去闲聊，Dunbar则争辩道——恰恰相反，他继续说，语言的演化正是为了满足我们闲聊的需要。A. on the contrary相反；B. for instance比如说；C. in addition此外，而且；D. as a result因此。根据空前“We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk”和空后“language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.”可知，空前提到的“我们不可以花三分之二的时间去闲聊”与空后“语言的演化正是为了满足我们闲聊的需要。”为两种相反的观点，故选A。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过研究猴子之类的灵长类动物的行为，Dunbar获得了很有趣的理论。A. comprehension理解力；B. appearance外貌；C. motivation动力；D. behaviour行为。根据后文“By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it”可知，猴子通过装扮——梳理清洁皮毛，这是猴子的行为，故选D。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：猴子通过装扮——梳理清洁皮毛，与其他个体形成了群组，这样当群组内部发生某种冲突时，或者遭受来自外部的攻击时，他们可以相互支持。A. contact联系，沟通；B. attack攻击；C. assistance帮助；D. trick诡计。根据空前“in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or”可知，故此处应用conflict并列，故指他们在发生冲突，或者受到外部攻击时会相互支持，故选B。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar得出结论，鉴于我们人类由灵长类动物的某个特定的分支进化而来， 因此在历史上我们也曾经历过类似阶段。A. concludes得出结论；B. recalls回忆；C. requires要求；D. confesses承认，招供。根据空前“As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family”可知，因为我们人类由灵长类动物的某个特定的分支进化而来，故这使得Dunbar得出结论，在历史上我们也曾经历过类似阶段，故选A。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：组织在一起才有意义，因为群组越大，它所能提供的保护就越可靠。A. protection保护；B. prospect前景；C. responsibility责任；D. promise承诺。根据前文“monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support”可知，猴子通过形成群组而相互支持，故此处指群组越大，提供的保护就越可靠，故选A。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，群组越大，和他人紧密生活在一起的压力也越大。装扮会帮助缓解压力，平复每个人的情绪。A. echo发出回声；B. blame责备；C. ease减轻，缓解；D. preserve保护；根据前文“the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.”可知，群组越大，和他人紧密生活在一起的压力也越大，故装扮会帮助缓解压力，故选C。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着群组变得越来越大，为了维持其效能，用在装扮活动上的时间也要延长。A. established建立；B. extended延长；C. earned获得；D. consumed消费。根据前文“as the groups got bigger and bigger”可知，随着群组变得越来越大，那么花在装扮活动上的时间就越长，故此处指需要延长这些时间，故选B。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，需要一种更有效的装扮形式，由此语言作为一种有声的装扮形式应运而生，它允许人们通过在一个更宽的个体网络上交换信息，与较以往更大的群组发展关系，这种方式比一对一的身体接触方式更有可能实现。A. efficient有效率的；B. scientific科学的；C. considerate考虑周到的，体贴的；D. common常见的。根据前文“But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 　　53　　 to maintain its effectiveness.”可知，但随着群组变得越来越大，为了维持其效能，用在装扮活动上的时间也要延长，因此也就需要更有效的装扮方式，故选A。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. regular有规律的；B. independent独立的；C. widespread广泛的；D. physical身体上的。根据前文“By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 　　49　　 from outside it.”可知，猴子通过相互整理毛发这一过程中结成群体，获取帮助和支持。而随着群体规模的扩大，一对一地梳理毛发这以形式不再适应现实，语言作为一种有声的形式应运而生，故此处指相互整理毛发这一身体上的接触的行为，故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A People often imagine that a knowledge of languages is sufficient to make an interpreter. Of course it is a prerequisite, as are two hands to a professional boxer. But just as the fact of having two hands does not make a boxer, so the knowledge of different languages, be they many or few, does not make an interpreter. It is only an instrument which you must learn how to use in a particular way — for which you may or may not be gifted. The basic qualities required of the interpreter are not exceptionally rare, but their combination is very uncommon. They are: (1) A capacity for being passively receptive, i.e. for drinking in readily and without any personal reaction all that may be said by the speaker. (2) The type of quick-wittedness which makes for prompt and effective repartee (妙语), interpretation being a sort of mental game of tennis. (3) A good memory, because all the tricks of the trade are intended only to make up for its deficiencies. Two things are expected of the interpreter’s memory: first, that it should store up an exceptionally large vocabulary in the related languages and supply instantly the required word or phrase; second, that it should retain for a very brief period(seldom more than one hour) a picture as full, detailed, and accurate as possible of what has just been said after which the interpreter will be well advised to wash his mind clear of most of what he has memorized. In this latter function, the interpreter’s memory is therefore the reverse of the comedian’s. Whereas the actor has ample time to learn his part, gradually, and methodically, and is then expected to remember it over a long period and repeat it on a succession (连续) of occasions, the interpreter must wholly commit to his memory fleeting thoughts and words as they fly past, and then bring them back to mind only once, a very short while later. The work of the translator and that of the interpreter are fundamentally different and can hardly be combined. Very rare indeed are people who can do both. The reason for this is clear: the translator can or should search at leisure for the accurate term, as well as effort to express himself in the best possible grammar and style; he may re-write the same paragraph ten times or more, improving it each time; he may consult all dictionaries and reference books, and ask for help and advice. The interpreter, on the other hand, is given hardly any time to think, can consult neither books nor friends, and must “put across”, immediately and as accurately as possible, whatever the speaker wishes to convey. But he may express nuances (微妙) by varying the tone of his voice, he may paraphrase when he does not find the exact word, he may repeat, correct or add to what he has just said, if he sees that he was not properly understood. These are in reality two contrary techniques. 56．Interpretation is similar to playing tennis in that both need _________. A．two hands B．quick response C．mental fitness D．good muscle memory 57．A good memory is required of an interpreter so that he can _________. A．memorize all that is said and remember it for a long time B．memorize the important part of what is said and remember it for a long time C．memorize for a short period all that is said and then forget about it D．memorize all that is said gradually and completely 58．What is the author’s opinion of the qualities mentioned for an interpreter? A．It is not necessary for the interpreter to possess all the basic qualities. B．It is uncommon for the interpreter to possess all the basic qualities. C．Certain qualities are more important than the others. D．Only two of the qualities are actually required. 59．Which of the following can best indicate the author’s understanding of the difference between a translator and an interpreter? A．The qualities required of a translator are basically opposite what is required of an interpreter. B．Being an interpreter is more stressful because an interpreter cannot take back what has been said. C．Putting effort into combing the qualities of a translator and an interpreter can enhance their performance. D．The qualities of a translator are easier to obtain than those of an interpreter. 【参考答案】56．B 57．C 58．B 59．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解了口译员需要具备的基本素质，并在文章中将口译和笔译进行了对比。 【详情解析】 56．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“(2) The type of quick-wittedness which makes for prompt and effective repartee, interpretation being a sort of mental game of tennis.((2)快速机智的类型，使迅速和有效的回答，口译是一种心理游戏的网球)”可知，口译和打网球一样，都需要反应快。故选B项。 57．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“second, that it should retain for a very brief period(seldom more than one hour) a picture as full, detailed, and accurate as possible of what has just been said after which the interpreter will be well advised to wash his mind clear of most of what he has memorized.(第二，在很短的时间内（很少超过一个小时）保留刚才所说内容的尽可能完整、详细和准确的画面，然后建议口译者将记忆中的大部分内容洗去)”可知，口译员必须要有良好的记忆，这样他才能短时间内记住所有的东西，然后把大部分内容忘记。故选C项。 58．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The basic qualities required of the interpreter are not exceptionally rare, but their combination is very uncommon.(口译员需要具备的基本素质并不罕见，但同时具备这些素质就非常罕见了)”可推知，作为一名口译员，要具备所有的基本素质非常难、很罕见。故选B项。 59．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The interpreter, on the other hand, is given hardly any time to think, can consult neither books nor friends, and must “put across”, immediately and as accurately as possible, whatever the speaker wishes to convey. But he may express nuances by varying the tone of his voice, he may paraphrase when he does not find the exact word, he may repeat, correct or add to what he has just said, if he sees that he was not properly understood.(另一方面，译员几乎没有时间思考，既不能请教书本，也不能请教朋友，必须立即、尽可能准确地把讲话者想要表达的意思“传达”出去。但他可能会通过改变语调来表达细微差别，当他找不到确切的词时，他可能会转述，如果他发现自己没有被正确理解，他可能会重复、纠正或补充刚刚说过的话)”可推知，口译员在翻译时几乎没有时间思考，必须要快速反应进行翻译，并且话说出去之后不能撤回，只能通过重复、纠正或补充的形式进行修改，相比笔译员压力更大。故选B项。 B Happy Village Project What is Happy Village? Our company develops and focuses on the regional “Happy Village Project” strategy to focus on villages rather than individual farmers. The philosophy of the Happy Village Project is to “heal and develop” by organizing the farmers and training them on growing and harvesting techniques which increase raw-material quality and meet the requirements of consumers being conscious of healthy diet. Today, there are more than 3,000 registered farmers, cultivating more than 11,000 hectares of land in more than 150 villages in our Happy Village Project. In the agricultural project, small farmers get the tools, training and support they need to grow some of the finest produce on earth. Our team of experts trains, guides and monitors the registered farmers, using the latest techniques to ensure the highest level of quality and consistency of our eco-friendly and safe products. What do we do at Happy Villages? Our company experts do researches to choose the right district by recording the details of the fields and products and train farmers who are willing to learn about organic farming. We draw maps of the fields in order to designate the field and also to prevent possible crosscontamination (交叉污染) risks which may come from the neighbor fields. In order to make sure farmers are practicing the organic regulations, our experts frequently and randomly visit registered farmers to follow up, guide and inspect. Our agriculture team is also involved in using “Early Warning Systems” in the fields, in order to minimize the risk of potential problems as well as taking samples from leaves, soil and fruit, in order to monitor the field throughout the year. We also help entire villages flourish through our commitment to social responsibility by means of performing necessary activities to improve the socio-economic structure of the villages, like the needs and requirements of the children at school, improvement in workers’ buildings, providing water tanks during water crisis in the regions, and etc. From our Happy Villages directly to your table! Our happy Village products are grown, harvested and sun-dried in the fertile mountains. With the best soil and growing conditions, these all natural products are sweet and flavorful, with no artificial additives. They are a great choice for snacking or adding to your favorite recipes. 60．In Happy Village Project, the experts are expected to______. A．engage in researches conducted in the field B．train the registered farmers into agriculturists C．advise on cultivating and harvesting products D．improve the workers’ buildings and water tanks 61．We do the following at Happy Village EXCEPT ______. A．take examples from leaves and soil to oversee the field B．assign all the registered farmers to learn about organic farming C．help improve the socio-economic structure of the community D．help farmers prevent possible risks by mapping out the field 62．Who are the target readers of the passage? A．Individual farmers. B．Agricultural experts. C．Ambitious policy-makers. D．Health-conscious consumers. 【参考答案】60．C 61．B 62．D 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了一个名为“快乐乡村”的项目，包括它的工作范围、对象以及意义等方面。 【详情解析】 60．细节理解题。根据What is Happy Village?下面的第一段中的“The philosophy of the Happy Village Project is to “heal and develop” by organizing the farmers and training them on growing and harvesting techniques which increase raw-material quality and meet the requirements of consumers being conscious of healthy diet.(快乐乡村项目的理念是通过组织农民，培训他们种植和收获技术，提高原材料质量达到“治愈和发展”，满足有健康饮食意识的消费者的要求)”可知，在这个项目中，专家会对庄稼的种植和收获提供建议和指导。故选C。 61．细节理解题。根据What do we do at Happy Villages?下的第一段“Our company experts do researches to choose the right district by recording the details of the fields and products and train farmers who are willing to learn about organic farming.(我们公司的专家进行研究，通过记录田地和产品的细节来选择合适的地区，并培训愿意学习有机农业的农民)”可知，这个项目会让有意愿学习有机农业的农民学习，而不是让所有注册的农民都学习有机农业。故选B。 62．推理判断题。根据What is Happy Village?下面的第一段中的“The philosophy of the Happy Village Project is to “heal and develop” by organizing the farmers and training them on growing and harvesting techniques which increase raw-material quality and meet the requirements of consumers being conscious of healthy diet.(快乐乡村项目的理念是通过组织农民，培训他们种植和收获技术，提高原材料质量达到“治愈和发展”，满足有健康饮食意识的消费者的要求)”以及最后一段“Our happy Village products are grown, harvested and sun-dried in the fertile mountains. With the best soil and growing conditions, these all natural products are sweet and flavorful, with no artificial additives. They are a great choice for snacking or adding to your favorite recipes.(我们的快乐乡村产品在肥沃的山区种植、收获和晒干。在最好的土壤和生长条件下，这些纯天然产品香甜可口，不含人工添加剂。它们是零食或添加到您喜爱的食谱中的绝佳选择)”可知，这个项目宣传的产品是纯天然，零添加的，是可以满足费者健康饮食要求的。由此推知，这篇文章的目标读者是有健康意识的消费者。故选D。 D In the fog of uncertainty about how new technology will change the way we work, policymakers around the world say confidently that we will need to upskill the workforce in order to cope. The view sounds reassuringly sensible: if computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to use them or be replaced by them. But the truth is, the people who are being “upskilled” in today’s economy are the ones who need it the least. Research shows that workers with degrees are over three times more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications. That creates a virtuous circle for those who did well at school, and a vicious circle for those who did not. If the robots are coming for both the accountants and the taxi drivers, you can bet it is those working with money that will be more able to retrain themselves out of danger, because the better educated tend to have more confidence and money to pay for their own training. Employers also invest in these workers more. In the UK, a surprising number of employers send their senior managers to business schools. It is no good blaming employers for directing investments at their highly-skilled workers. They are simply aiming for the highest return they can get. And, for some types of lower-paid work, it is not always true that technological progress requires more skills. Sometimes, technology can de-skill a job. Just look at Uber drivers who follow the driving routes set by their app, rather than expanding their own knowledge of the streets. The UK’s latest Employment and Skills Survey suggests the use of literacy and numeracy skills at work has fallen since 2012, even as the use of computers has increased. However, the trouble is, when the computer makes your job easier one day, it might make it redundant the next. Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries. But a retailer or warehouse company is not going to retrain its staff to help them move to a different sector. It is time to revisit older ideas. The UK once had a vibrant culture of night schools, for adults to attend after their day jobs. A revival of it could be exactly what the 21st century needs. Rather than just “upskilling” in a narrow way, people could choose to learn an entirely new skill or trade, or explore interests they never had a chance to nurture before. It is still not clear whether the impact of new technology on the labour market will come in a trickle or a flood. But in an already unequal world, continuing to reserve all the lifeboats for the better-off would be a dangerous mistake. 63．According to the writer, policymakers’ belief in upskilling the workforce __________. A．is contrary to popular belief B．is helpful in coping with new technology C．is too difficult to put it into practice D．is not beneficial to those who need it most 64．It can be inferred that workers without qualifications are less likely to __________. A．have confidence in outperforming those with degrees at school B．persuade their employers to make an investment in them C．minimize the risk of job loss caused by new technology D．assess how new technology will change the way they work 65．The word “redundant” (Para. 3) probably means __________. A．unnecessary B．undesirable C．unskilled D．unrewarding 66．According to the passage, which of the following conclusion is True? A．Workers’ literacy and numeracy skills should be enhanced without delay. B．Night schools can help to eliminate skill gaps among workers. C．Companies should attach much importance to retraining of workers. D．Those lower-skilled workers deserve giving more chances of retraining. 【参考答案】63．D 64．C 65．A 66．D 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章针对通常看法“需提升劳动人口技能以应对自动化浪潮”指出，现实中技能提升的机会往往向高学历者倾斜，应为真正面临危机的低学历者提供再培训机会。 【详情解析】 63．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the fog of uncertainty about how new technology will change the way we work, policymakers around the world say confidently that we will need to upskill the workforce in order to cope. The view sounds reassuringly sensible: if computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to use them or be replaced by them. But the truth is, the people who are being “upskilled” in today’s economy are the ones who need it the least.(在新技术将如何改变我们工作方式的不确定性迷雾中，世界各地的政策制定者自信地表示，我们需要提高劳动力的技能，以应对这一挑战。这种观点听起来合情合理，令人放心：如果计算机变得越来越智能，人类将需要学会使用它们，否则就会被它们取代。但事实是，在当今的经济环境下，那些“技能提升”的人恰恰是最不需要技能提升的人)”可知，作者认为，政策制定者对提高劳动力技能的信念不利于那些最需要技能的人。故选D项。 64．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research shows that workers with degrees are over three times more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications. That creates a virtuous circle for those who did well at school, and a vicious circle for those who did not. If the robots are coming for both the accountants and the taxi drivers, you can bet it is those working with money that will be more able to retrain themselves out of danger, because the better educated tend to have more confidence and money to pay for their own training.(研究表明，有学历的工人成年后参加培训的可能性是没有学历的工人的三倍多。这为那些在学校表现好的人创造了一个良性循环，而为那些表现不好的人创造了一个恶性循环。如果机器人正在取代会计和出租车司机，你可以打赌，那些有钱的人将更有能力重新培训自己以摆脱危险，因为受过更好教育的人往往更有信心，也更有钱来支付自己的培训费用)”可推知，没有资格的工人不太可能将新技术带来的失业风险降到最低。故选C项。 65．词句猜测题。根据后文“Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries.(许多受自动化影响的人将需要转换职业，甚至行业)”可知，科技进步让工作变的更容易的同时，也可能会让人失去工作，推知redundant意为“不需要的”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 66．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is still not clear whether the impact of new technology on the labour market will come in a trickle or a flood. But in an already unequal world, continuing to reserve all the lifeboats for the better-off would be a dangerous mistake.(目前尚不清楚新技术对劳动力市场的影响是涓涓细流还是洪流。但在一个已经不平等的世界里，继续把所有的救生艇都留给富人将是一个危险的错误)”可知，作者认为把所有的救生艇都留给富人将是一个危险的错误，所以是那些低技能工人应该得到更多再培训的机会。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Makes a Nobel Laureate? Are there any predictors that point to who will be selected as Nobel laureates? Is brilliance in childhood a predictor? When the 2006 chemistry laureate, Roger Kornberg, was asked what he wanted for Christmas, he said, “A week in the lab.” 67 . Mario Capecchi (medicine, 2007) was an abandoned child on the streets of wartime Italy. 68 . Five of Enrico Fermi’s (physics, 1938) postdoctoral students went on to win the Nobel Prize. Otto Warburg (medicine, 1931) advised an American doctoral student, “If you wish to become a scientist, you must ask a successful scientist to accept you in his laboratory.” Experts often recommend that people specialize in one field of work or research to maximize their chances of success. 69 If you look at the careers of Nobel Prize winners, you’ll find that they are unusually likely to be “creative polymaths.” That is, they purposely integrate formal and informal expertise from widely varied disciplines to yield new and useful ideas and practices. There remains one quality that is essential. It is what Leon Lederman (physics, 1988) called “compulsive dedication.” 70 . Take Marie Curie (physics, 1903; chemistry, 1911) and her husband Pierre (physics, 1903). The Curies were assigned a shed with a leaking roof and a dirt floor, where they worked for years, freezing in winter and sweltering in summer. “And yet,” Marie Curie wrote in her biography of her husband, “it was in this miserable old shed that the best and happiest years of our life were spent, entirely dedicated to work.” A．What distinguishes Nobel laureates is passion for their work, work that engages their hearts as well as their heads. B．But early privilege is not essential. C．The typical Nobel laureate in science is a male born into a middle-class family. D．In many Nobel laureates’ autobiographies, they pay tribute to an outstanding mentor. E．In fact, Nobel laureates are mostly down-to-earth and discreet. F．Yet recently published researches indicate that successful innovators take a broader path. 【参考答案】67．B 68．D 69．F 70．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就得诺贝尔奖的条件展开说明，列举了诺贝尔奖得主的一些特性。 【详情解析】 67．根据上文“Is brilliance in childhood a predictor? When the 2006 chemistry laureate, Roger Kornberg, was asked what he wanted for Christmas, he said, “A week in the lab.”(童年时期的聪明才智是一种预测因素吗？当2006年化学奖得主罗杰·科恩伯格被问到他想要什么圣诞礼物时，他说：“在实验室里呆上一周。”)”以及后文“Mario Capecchi (medicine, 2007) was an abandoned child on the streets of wartime Italy.(马里奥·卡佩基（医学，2007）是战时意大利街头的一个被遗弃的孩子)”可知，后文马里奥·卡佩基的例子表明，小时候是个被遗弃的孩子，从而说明了小时候环境优越并不是可以预测得诺贝尔奖的因素，本句与上文构成转折关系。故B选项“但是早期特权不是必要的”符合语境，故选B。 68．根据后文“Five of Enrico Fermi’s (physics, 1938) postdoctoral students went on to win the Nobel Prize. Otto Warburg (medicine, 1931) advised an American doctoral student, “If you wish to become a scientist, you must ask a successful scientist to accept you in his laboratory.”(恩里科·费米（物理学，1938年）的五个博士后学生后来获得了诺贝尔奖。Otto Warburg（医学，1931年）对一位美国博士生说：“如果你想成为一名科学家，你必须让一位成功的科学家接受你进入他的实验室。”)”可知，后文提到恩里科·费米（物理学，1938年）的五个博士后学生后来获得了诺贝尔奖，即可推知恩里科·费米是这五个诺贝尔奖得主的导师。故D选项“在许多诺贝尔奖得主的自传中，他们赞扬一位杰出的导师”符合语境，故选D。 69．根据上文“Experts often recommend that people specialize in one field of work or research to maximize their chances of success.(专家们经常建议人们专注于一个领域的工作或研究，以最大限度地提高他们成功的机会)”以及后文“If you look at the careers of Nobel Prize winners, you’ll find that they are unusually likely to be “creative polymaths.” That is, they purposely integrate formal and informal expertise from widely varied disciplines to yield new and useful ideas and practices.(如果你看看诺贝尔奖得主的职业生涯，你会发现他们非常有可能是“有创造力的博学家”。也就是说，他们有意地整合来自广泛不同学科的正式和非正式的专业知识，以产生新的和有用的想法和实践)”可知，后文提到诺贝尔奖得主整合来自广泛不同学科的专业知识。由此可知，本句与上文专注于一个领域的工作或研究构成转折，指出要多方面发展。故F选项“然而，最近发表的研究表明，成功的创新者走的是更广阔的道路”符合语境，故选F。 70．根据后文“Take Marie Curie (physics, 1903; chemistry, 1911) and her husband Pierre (physics, 1903). The Curies were assigned a shed with a leaking roof and a dirt floor, where they worked for years, freezing in winter and sweltering in summer. “And yet,” Marie Curie wrote in her biography of her husband, “it was in this miserable old shed that the best and happiest years of our life were spent, entirely dedicated to work.”(比如玛丽·居里（物理学，1903年;化学，1911）和她的丈夫皮埃尔（物理学，1903）。居里夫妇被分配到一个屋顶漏水、地面肮脏的棚子里，他们在那里工作了好几年，冬天冻得要命，夏天闷热难耐。“然而，”玛丽·居里在她丈夫的传记中写道，“我们一生中最美好的、最快乐的时光，就是在这个悲惨的老棚子里度过的，我们把全部精力都投入到了工作中。”)”可知，后文居里夫人和丈夫的例子表明，他们把全部精力都投入到了工作中，对工作充满热情。故A选项“诺贝尔奖得主的与众不同之处在于他们对工作的热情，这种工作既投入了他们的头脑，也投入了他们的心灵”符合语境，故选A。 IV. Summary Writing(共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Panic Buying Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad? What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too. So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”. Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. In general, trying to stop people from panic buying is counterproductive. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，恐慌性购买的发生是由于人们需要控制自己，与其他也有恐慌性购买的人建立联系，并成为“聪明的购物者”。建立大量的供应库存是一种零售疗法，可以帮助人们管理自己的情绪状态。一般来说，试图阻止人们恐慌性购买是适得其反的。 【详情解析】1 要点摘录 ①Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. ②Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. ③Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. ④Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. ⑤However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. ⑥remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. 2.缜密构思 将第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第6要点进行重写。 3.遣词造句 Panic buying occurs because people need to take control, connect with others who are also panic buying, and become “smart shoppers”. Building a large supply inventory is a retail therapy that can help people manage their emotional state. Generally speaking, trying to prevent people panic buying is counterproductive. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”.(运用who引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. (运用that引导的定语从句) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．你知道谁应该为这场严重的事故负责吗? (blame) (汉译英) 【答案】Do you know who should be to blame for this serious accident? 【详解】考查疑问句和固定搭配。“你知道……吗？”翻译为Do you know...？know后面跟who引导的宾语从句；“应该”用情态动词should，“为……负责”用be to blame for表示，情态动词后用动词原形，“这次严重的事故”翻译为this serious accident。故整句翻译为Do you know who should be to blame for this serious accident? 73．这是一本如此好的小说，不同的读者可以和里面不同的人物产生共鸣。(Such…that…) (汉译英) 【答案】Such a good novel is this that different readers can resonate with different characters in it. 【详解】考查固定句型和倒装句。表示“如此……以至于”应用such…that…，位于句首应用部分倒装；表示“这是”应用this is；表示“一本好的小说”应用a good novel；that从句中，表示“不同的读者”为different readers；表示“产生共鸣”短语为resonate with，can后跟动原形；表示“里面不同的人物”翻译为different characters in it。为一般现在时。故翻译为Such a good novel is this that different readers can resonate with different characters in it. 74.正是因为中国企业敢于迎接挑战，不断创新，国货不再受到不公平待遇，反而比进口商品更具竞争优势。(edge) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is because Chinese companies/corporations/businesses dare to rise to the challenge and innovate constantly that Chinese goods no longer suffer (from) unfair treatment; instead, they gain a competitive edge over imported goods. 【详解】考查短语、时态、状语从句和强调句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，翻译本句用强调句，其结构为：It is +强调部分+that + 从句。“敢于”用短语dare to，“迎接挑战”用短语rise to the challenge，“因为中国企业敢于迎接挑战，不断创新”翻译为because Chinese companies/corporations/businesses dare to rise to the challenge and innovate constantly，为because引导的原因状语从句；“国货”翻译为Chinese goods；“不再”用短语 no longer；“受到”用短语suffer (from)；“不公平待遇”翻译为unfair treatment；“反而比进口商品更具竞争优势”翻译为instead, they gain a competitive edge over imported goods。故翻译为It is because Chinese companies/corporations/businesses dare to rise to the challenge and innovate constantly that Chinese goods no longer suffer (from) unfair treatment; instead, they gain a competitive edge over imported goods. 75．尽管这次的暴风雨与我之后所遇到的相比不值一提，但却给我留下了深刻的印象以至于我下定决心再也不无视父亲给我的任何建议。(resolve) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although the storm was nothing compared to what I encountered later, it left such a deep impression on me that I resolved never to ignore any advice my father gave me again. 【详解】考查连词、名词、动词、副词和短语。分析句意可知，本句的时态可用一般过去时来陈述过去事实。表示“尽管”可用连词although来引导让步状语从句，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写；表示“暴风雨”可用名词storm在状语从句中做主语；表示“不值一提”可用be nothing；表示“与……相比”可用固定短语compared to；表示“之后所遇到的”可用从句what I encountered later；表示“留下”可用动词的过去式left作主句的谓语：表示“深刻印象”可用短语a deep impression；表示“如此……以至于”可用固定搭配such……that；表示“下定决心”可用短语resolve to do sth，因为时态是一般过去时，所以用resolved；表示“从不”可用副词never；表示“无视”可用动词ignore；表示“再也”用副词again；表示“建议”可用名词advice；表示“父亲给我的”可用省略引导词的定语从句my father gave me。故答案为Although the storm was nothing compared to what I encountered later, it left such a deep impression on me that I resolved never to ignore any advice my father gave me again。 VI.Guided Writing(共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是启明中学高二学生李明。你的笔友约翰近日发邮件和你说，他拟使用数字化学习工具来辅助完成作业，想听取你的意见。请回复电子邮件给笔友，内容须包含： 1. 对此做法的态度； 2. 结合个人经历给出你的理由。 (文章中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名) Dear John, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Dear John, I’m glad to hear you’re considering using digital learning tools to aid your studies. I fully support this idea. In my own experience, digital tools have greatly enhanced my learning efficiency. They provide instant access to a wealth of resources, from online tutorials to interactive simulations. Moreover, these tools often make complex concepts more visual and understandable. I believe they can be equally beneficial for you. Feel free to explore and experiment with various tools to find the ones that suit you best. I’m confident they will help you achieve your academic goals. Yours, Li Ming 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的笔友约翰近日发邮件说，他拟使用数字化学习工具来辅助完成作业，想听取你的意见。要求考生回复电子邮件给笔友。 【详情解析】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 考虑：consider→take into account 支持：support→approve 有益的：beneficial→rewarding 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：In my own experience, digital tools have greatly enhanced my learning efficiency. They provide instant access to a wealth of resources, from online tutorials to interactive simulations. 拓展句：In my own experience, not only do digital tools have greatly enhanced my learning efficiency, but also they provide instant access to a wealth of resources, from online tutorials to interactive simulations. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Feel free to explore and experiment with various tools to find the ones that suit you best. (运用了that引导定语从句) [高分句型2] I believe they can be equally beneficial for you. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英语·参考答案 第I卷 I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D B A A D B A B A C 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A B B D A D C B A D II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分） Section A 21． as 22．was founded 23．whose 24．being destroyed 25．to drive 26．built 27．another 28．What 29．broke 30．Although/Though/While Section B 31．B 32．A 33．I 34．K 35．F 36．G 37．J 38．C 39．E 40．D III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B B C A C B A D B A 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 A C B A D B C B B C 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 B D D C A D B D F A IV. Summary Writing(共10分） Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”. Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. In general, trying to stop people from panic buying is counterproductive. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72. Do you know who should be to blame for this serious accident? 73. Such a good novel is this that different readers can resonate with different characters in it. 74. It is because Chinese companies/corporations/businesses dare to rise to the challenge and innovate constantly that Chinese goods no longer suffer (from) unfair treatment; instead, they gain a competitive edge over imported goods. 75. Although the storm was nothing compared to what I encountered later, it left such a deep impression on me that I resolved never to ignore any advice my father gave me again. VI.Guided Writing(共25分) Dear John, I’m glad to hear you’re considering using digital learning tools to aid your studies. I fully support this idea. In my own experience, digital tools have greatly enhanced my learning efficiency. They provide instant access to a wealth of resources, from online tutorials to interactive simulations. Moreover, these tools often make complex concepts more visual and understandable. I believe they can be equally beneficial for you. Feel free to explore and experiment with various tools to find the ones that suit you best. I’m confident they will help you achieve your academic goals. Yours, Li Ming 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试(上海专用) 英语:答题卡 姓 名: 缺考 吾裁 贴条形码区 准考证号 。-N41no。 。-Nm 。-Nn4 。-N)4 0 。 1 , 。-N41n。o。 HN -N _N1 1 n阳 ”4 注意事项 .n 1. 答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, n 并认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 ,3- 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须用0.5mm n n。 1 黑色字迹的答字笔填写,字体工整。 D 3. 请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答,超出答题区域范 1 1 1 o~co。 1 1。 1 11 围的答案无效,在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 oG n 4. 保持卡面清洁,不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用 ①{ C 0 涂改液、刮纸刀。 5. 正确填涂 选择题(请用2B铅笔填涂) 11A11B11CI1D1 6 1A11B11C1ID1 16 ABIICD!I 2 1A11B11CIID1 71A11B11CIID1 31A11B11Cl|D1 8 1A11B11ClID1 181A1B1IClID! 9 1A11B11ClID 4 1A11B1IClID1 19!A!B1|CIID! 5 1AIIB1IClID1 10 A||B|ICI|ID1 20 1A11B1|CllD1 46 1A|IB|IC|ID 511A11B11C11D1 471A11B11C11D1 56 |AI|1B1ICIID1 21A11B11C11D1 1A11B11C11D1 581A1B||C11DI 57 1A11B11C11D1 将|1 48 1A11B11C11D1 班 49 |A11B11C11D ||1 59 1A11B1|C11D1 50 1A1IB11C11D 60 1A11B1|C1|D1 611A11B1|C11D1 67|A11B1!C11D11F11F! 66 1A11B11C11D1 。 1A11B1IC11D1 68 A11B|1|C||D||E1F 69 |A1|B||C||D||E11FI 非选择题(请在各试题的答题区内作答) II、Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 22. 23. 24. 21. 25. 26. 28. 29. 27 30. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 Section B 请在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效! 31. 32. 34. 33. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. IV. Summary Writing 71 Translation 72。 73. 74 75. VI Guided Writing Dear John. Yours. Li Ming 英语第2页(共2页) 请在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效! 吾 =■2■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出黑色矩形边框眼定区域的答案无效! 斑 英语第1页(共2页)■■■■ 2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试（上海专用) 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 0 0 0 0 1 1 注意事项 12345678 12345678 2345678 12345678 2 12345678 12345678 2 2 1,答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 123 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 345678 4 4 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5mm 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整 5 5 5 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 白 6 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 7 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 8 78 8 改液、刮纸刀。 9 5. 正确填涂 选择题（请用2B铅笔填涂） 1 IAJIBIICHDI 6 IAIIBIICHDI 11 IAIBIICHDI 16 IAIIBIICHIDI 製 = 2 IAIIBIICIDI 7 1AIIBIICHDI 12 1AIBIICHDI 17 IAIIBIICHDI 3 IAIIBIICIDI 8 IAIIBIICHDI 13 IAIIBIICHDI 18 IAlIBIICHD 4 IAIIBIICIDI 9 1AIIBIICHDI 14 IA]IBJICHDI 19 1AJIBIICHDI 5 IAJIBIICIDI 10 IAIIBIICIDI 15 IAIIBIICHDI 20 IAJIBIICIDI 41 IAIIBIICIIDI 461A11B11C11D1 511A11B1IC11D1 56 IAIIBIICIIDI 421A11B11C1ID1 471A1IB11C11D1 52 IAIIBIICIIDI 57 IAIIBIICIIDI 43 IAJIBIICIIDI 48 IAIIBIICIIDI 53 IAIIBIICIIDI 58 IAIIBIICIIDI 4 IAJIBIICIIDI 49 1AIIBIICIIDI 54 IAIIBIICIIDI 59 IAIIBIICIIDI 45 IAIIBIICIIDI 501A1IB11C11D1 55 IAIIBIICIIDI 601A11B11C1ID 61 IAIIBIICIIDI 66 IAIIBIICIIDI 62 1AIIBIICIIDI 67 IAIIBIICIIDIEIIFI 631A11B11C11D1 681A11B11C1ID1HE11F1 64 IAIIBIICIIDI 691A11B11C11D11E1IF1 65 IAIIBIICIIDI 701A11B11C11D11E11F1 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 、 Grammar and Vocabulary SectionA 21. 22 23 24. 25. 26. 27 28 29. 30 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效： 英语第1页（共2页） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Section B 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. IV.Summary Writing V.Translation 72、 73、 74、 75、 VI. Guided Writing Dear John, Yours, Li Ming 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 英语第2页（共2页） 2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Shopping. B．Talking about ads. C．Reading newspapers. D．Watching TV. 2．A．In Britain. B．In France. C．In China. D．In the U.S.. 3．A．Math test B．English test C．Biology test D．History test 4．A．It was seriously damaged. B．It was badly flooded. C．It crashed on a bridge. D．It was beyond repair. 5．A．They plan to have the meeting in another place. B．The availability of the meeting room will be discussed. C．They have already had the meeting. D．They will have the meeting sometime later. 6．A．Feed the dog B．Clean the dog’s house C．Give the dog a bath D．Find something to eat. 7．A．Library. B．Bookstore. C．Museum. D．Gallery. 8．A．This Sunday. B．Next Thursday. C．Next Monday. D．The Monday after next. 9．A．Expensive B．Cheap C．Unsuitable D．Unnecessary 10．A．She was fired by the company. B．She broke the law. C．She is on leave right now. D．She is replacing the company’s website. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．A schedule with all the activities and time on it B．A schedule you make for your friends. C．A schedule you make for your boss. D．A schedule you make for your parents. 12．A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 13．A．To achieve your long-term goals. B．To plan your time well. C．To finish your homework. D．To list all of the work that you have to do. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Because they want to buy furniture B．Because they have a lot of leisure time. C．Because they hope to meet an artist. D．Because they want to find something valuable. 15．A．They are tired of the luxurious but not practical goods. B．They want to add some value to their collection. C．They appreciate the real crafts of the old workmen. D．They consider the price of the used goods is reasonable. 16．A．Real artistic works in the past. B．A real bargain in local bookstores. C．Popularity of the second-hand books. D．A new fashion about second-hand goods. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．Name. B．Address. C．Receipt. D．Phone number. 18．A．For customs’ check. B．For security check. C．For convenience’s sake. D．For the company’s sake. 19．A．The time needed for sending the parcel. B．The flight time to New York. C．The parcel’s destination. D．Parcel collection. 20．A．The parcel will arrive in 24 hours by air. B．The parcel will arrive in 48 hours by air at most. C．The parcel will arrive in 24 hours by train. D．The parcel will arrive in 48 hours by train at most. II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Raleigh International Four students from National University have recently returned from Africa, where they participated in development projects with local residents in rural areas. For 10 weeks, these young people worked in Zimbabwe and Botswana 21 members of a program called Raleigh International. Raleigh International, which 22 (found) in 1984, gives young people a chance to do volunteer work while experiencing other countries and their cultures. The program, 23 name was in memory of the explorer Sir Walter-Raleigh, encourages young people to help others and work in difficult settings. More than 30, 000 students from a variety of cultures and backgrounds have volunteered in a total of 40 countries. Marisa Silvestri, 20, a business major, traveled to Zimbabwe to work with a group in the Mavuradonha Wilderness Area. Their first project was helping farmers build electric fences to protect their crops from 24 (destroy). When elephants entered the village one night, the students joined with farmers 25 (drive) them away and preserve the fields. Silvestri’s group also constructed small cottages for tourists to stay in, 26 (build) in the local style. Saeed Mohammed, also 20 arid an engineering major, joined 27 group in Zimbabwe. His group carried out as survey of health problems in several villages and taught children about good health habits. 28 impresed Saeed was that the kids were so curious about the Raleigh International students that after the health lessons, they asked them questions about “everything else under the sun”. Saeed’s group also worked to build foot trails through the forest. While they were out working in the bush, a fire 29 (break) out, destroying eight kilometers of forest. The students fought to bring the fire under control, sleeping only 45 minutes during the two days. In Botswana, two 19-year-old students, Lakeshia Young and David Min, helped to build a clinic and a meeting hall in a small village. 30 they didn’t face angry elephants, they said the building work was much harder than they expected. “It was a great learning experience,” Young said. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A． monitors     B．risen     C． nonprofit     D．mostly E. alarms    F. recovered     G. nonexistent    H. amazingly I. corresponding    J. responded    K. remote     US schools struggle to deal with hoax (恶作剧) shootings More and more US schools are confiscating (没收) guns from students and having to deal with calls falsely reporting school shootings. The number of guns found on students in schools during the first two months of this school year has 31 compared with the same time in the past two years, says the nonprofit group Gun Violence Archive, which 32 gun activity. At least 220 guns were seized last month and in August in 35 states, compared with 128 at the same time last year. In the 33 period in 2019, 132 guns were confiscated. The number of guns found in 2020 is likely to have been lower because it was amid the pandemic, when classes were 34 . At least 15 guns were 35 from schools in Baltimore, Maryland, last year, said Sergeant Clyde Boatwright of the Baltimore City School Police Force. It was higher than in any recent year. This school year the department has recovered two guns. One was used when a high-school student was shot dead outside a school. The increasing prevalence of guns comes with an increase in what has come to be known as swatting. This is a hoax in which someone calls emergency services and reports a 36 crime to get law enforcement officials, generally a SWAT team, to go to an address. On Wednesday many San Francisco Bay Area high schools received active shooter hoax calls, a day after police in Florida 37 to swatting calls at several high schools. Since early last month about 117 hoaxes have been reported at schools in 17 states and the District of Columbia, said the National Association of School Resource Officers, a 38 group for school-based law enforcement professionals. “These false 39 are far from harmless,” said Mo Canady, the associations’ executive director. “They also distract limited public safety resources from other community needs and increase anxiety among students and others.” The calls have been made 40 from high schools, but also middle and elementary schools, according to local news reports. Some of the calls are hard to trace because they are made from internet phone numbers, law enforcement experts said. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 41 . Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 42 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out—and why; how to deal with difficult 43 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 44 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 45 issues. Dunbar 46 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 47 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 48 of the higher primates(灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 49 from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 50 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 51 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 52 the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 53 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 54 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 55 contact. 41．A．gesture B．gossip C．description D．recognition 42．A．occasionally B．habitually C．discreetly D．originally 43．A．historical B．natural C．social D．cultural 44．A．wasters B．users C．masters D．owners 45．A．witty B．vivid C．vital D．worthless 46．A．supposes B．rejects C．highlights D．outlines 47．A．on the contrary B．for instance C．in addition D．as a result 48．A．comprehension B．appearance C．motivation D．behaviour 49．A．contact B．attack C．assistance D．trick 50．A．concludes B．recalls C．requires D．confesses 51．A．protection B．prospect C．responsibility D．promise 52．A．echo B．blame C．ease D．preserve 53．A．established B．extended C．earned D．consumed 54．A．efficient B．scientific C．considerate D．common 55．A．regular B．independent C．widespread D．physical Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A People often imagine that a knowledge of languages is sufficient to make an interpreter. Of course it is a prerequisite, as are two hands to a professional boxer. But just as the fact of having two hands does not make a boxer, so the knowledge of different languages, be they many or few, does not make an interpreter. It is only an instrument which you must learn how to use in a particular way — for which you may or may not be gifted. The basic qualities required of the interpreter are not exceptionally rare, but their combination is very uncommon. They are: (1) A capacity for being passively receptive, i.e. for drinking in readily and without any personal reaction all that may be said by the speaker. (2) The type of quick-wittedness which makes for prompt and effective repartee (妙语), interpretation being a sort of mental game of tennis. (3) A good memory, because all the tricks of the trade are intended only to make up for its deficiencies. Two things are expected of the interpreter’s memory: first, that it should store up an exceptionally large vocabulary in the related languages and supply instantly the required word or phrase; second, that it should retain for a very brief period(seldom more than one hour) a picture as full, detailed, and accurate as possible of what has just been said after which the interpreter will be well advised to wash his mind clear of most of what he has memorized. In this latter function, the interpreter’s memory is therefore the reverse of the comedian’s. Whereas the actor has ample time to learn his part, gradually, and methodically, and is then expected to remember it over a long period and repeat it on a succession (连续) of occasions, the interpreter must wholly commit to his memory fleeting thoughts and words as they fly past, and then bring them back to mind only once, a very short while later. The work of the translator and that of the interpreter are fundamentally different and can hardly be combined. Very rare indeed are people who can do both. The reason for this is clear: the translator can or should search at leisure for the accurate term, as well as effort to express himself in the best possible grammar and style; he may re-write the same paragraph ten times or more, improving it each time; he may consult all dictionaries and reference books, and ask for help and advice. The interpreter, on the other hand, is given hardly any time to think, can consult neither books nor friends, and must “put across”, immediately and as accurately as possible, whatever the speaker wishes to convey. But he may express nuances (微妙) by varying the tone of his voice, he may paraphrase when he does not find the exact word, he may repeat, correct or add to what he has just said, if he sees that he was not properly understood. These are in reality two contrary techniques. 56．Interpretation is similar to playing tennis in that both need _________. A．two hands B．quick response C．mental fitness D．good muscle memory 57．A good memory is required of an interpreter so that he can _________. A．memorize all that is said and remember it for a long time B．memorize the important part of what is said and remember it for a long time C．memorize for a short period all that is said and then forget about it D．memorize all that is said gradually and completely 58．What is the author’s opinion of the qualities mentioned for an interpreter? A．It is not necessary for the interpreter to possess all the basic qualities. B．It is uncommon for the interpreter to possess all the basic qualities. C．Certain qualities are more important than the others. D．Only two of the qualities are actually required. 59．Which of the following can best indicate the author’s understanding of the difference between a translator and an interpreter? A．The qualities required of a translator are basically opposite what is required of an interpreter. B．Being an interpreter is more stressful because an interpreter cannot take back what has been said. C．Putting effort into combing the qualities of a translator and an interpreter can enhance their performance. D．The qualities of a translator are easier to obtain than those of an interpreter. B Happy Village Project What is Happy Village? Our company develops and focuses on the regional “Happy Village Project” strategy to focus on villages rather than individual farmers. The philosophy of the Happy Village Project is to “heal and develop” by organizing the farmers and training them on growing and harvesting techniques which increase raw-material quality and meet the requirements of consumers being conscious of healthy diet. Today, there are more than 3,000 registered farmers, cultivating more than 11,000 hectares of land in more than 150 villages in our Happy Village Project. In the agricultural project, small farmers get the tools, training and support they need to grow some of the finest produce on earth. Our team of experts trains, guides and monitors the registered farmers, using the latest techniques to ensure the highest level of quality and consistency of our eco-friendly and safe products. What do we do at Happy Villages? Our company experts do researches to choose the right district by recording the details of the fields and products and train farmers who are willing to learn about organic farming. We draw maps of the fields in order to designate the field and also to prevent possible crosscontamination (交叉污染) risks which may come from the neighbor fields. In order to make sure farmers are practicing the organic regulations, our experts frequently and randomly visit registered farmers to follow up, guide and inspect. Our agriculture team is also involved in using “Early Warning Systems” in the fields, in order to minimize the risk of potential problems as well as taking samples from leaves, soil and fruit, in order to monitor the field throughout the year. We also help entire villages flourish through our commitment to social responsibility by means of performing necessary activities to improve the socio-economic structure of the villages, like the needs and requirements of the children at school, improvement in workers’ buildings, providing water tanks during water crisis in the regions, and etc. From our Happy Villages directly to your table! Our happy Village products are grown, harvested and sun-dried in the fertile mountains. With the best soil and growing conditions, these all natural products are sweet and flavorful, with no artificial additives. They are a great choice for snacking or adding to your favorite recipes. 60．In Happy Village Project, the experts are expected to______. A．engage in researches conducted in the field B．train the registered farmers into agriculturists C．advise on cultivating and harvesting products D．improve the workers’ buildings and water tanks 61．We do the following at Happy Village EXCEPT ______. A．take examples from leaves and soil to oversee the field B．assign all the registered farmers to learn about organic farming C．help improve the socio-economic structure of the community D．help farmers prevent possible risks by mapping out the field 62．Who are the target readers of the passage? A．Individual farmers. B．Agricultural experts. C．Ambitious policy-makers. D．Health-conscious consumers. D In the fog of uncertainty about how new technology will change the way we work, policymakers around the world say confidently that we will need to upskill the workforce in order to cope. The view sounds reassuringly sensible: if computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to use them or be replaced by them. But the truth is, the people who are being “upskilled” in today’s economy are the ones who need it the least. Research shows that workers with degrees are over three times more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications. That creates a virtuous circle for those who did well at school, and a vicious circle for those who did not. If the robots are coming for both the accountants and the taxi drivers, you can bet it is those working with money that will be more able to retrain themselves out of danger, because the better educated tend to have more confidence and money to pay for their own training. Employers also invest in these workers more. In the UK, a surprising number of employers send their senior managers to business schools. It is no good blaming employers for directing investments at their highly-skilled workers. They are simply aiming for the highest return they can get. And, for some types of lower-paid work, it is not always true that technological progress requires more skills. Sometimes, technology can de-skill a job. Just look at Uber drivers who follow the driving routes set by their app, rather than expanding their own knowledge of the streets. The UK’s latest Employment and Skills Survey suggests the use of literacy and numeracy skills at work has fallen since 2012, even as the use of computers has increased. However, the trouble is, when the computer makes your job easier one day, it might make it redundant the next. Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries. But a retailer or warehouse company is not going to retrain its staff to help them move to a different sector. It is time to revisit older ideas. The UK once had a vibrant culture of night schools, for adults to attend after their day jobs. A revival of it could be exactly what the 21st century needs. Rather than just “upskilling” in a narrow way, people could choose to learn an entirely new skill or trade, or explore interests they never had a chance to nurture before. It is still not clear whether the impact of new technology on the labour market will come in a trickle or a flood. But in an already unequal world, continuing to reserve all the lifeboats for the better-off would be a dangerous mistake. 63．According to the writer, policymakers’ belief in upskilling the workforce __________. A．is contrary to popular belief B．is helpful in coping with new technology C．is too difficult to put it into practice D．is not beneficial to those who need it most 64．It can be inferred that workers without qualifications are less likely to __________. A．have confidence in outperforming those with degrees at school B．persuade their employers to make an investment in them C．minimize the risk of job loss caused by new technology D．assess how new technology will change the way they work 65．The word “redundant” (Para. 3) probably means __________. A．unnecessary B．undesirable C．unskilled D．unrewarding 66．According to the passage, which of the following conclusion is True? A．Workers’ literacy and numeracy skills should be enhanced without delay. B．Night schools can help to eliminate skill gaps among workers. C．Companies should attach much importance to retraining of workers. D．Those lower-skilled workers deserve giving more chances of retraining. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Makes a Nobel Laureate? Are there any predictors that point to who will be selected as Nobel laureates? Is brilliance in childhood a predictor? When the 2006 chemistry laureate, Roger Kornberg, was asked what he wanted for Christmas, he said, “A week in the lab.” 67 . Mario Capecchi (medicine, 2007) was an abandoned child on the streets of wartime Italy. 68 . Five of Enrico Fermi’s (physics, 1938) postdoctoral students went on to win the Nobel Prize. Otto Warburg (medicine, 1931) advised an American doctoral student, “If you wish to become a scientist, you must ask a successful scientist to accept you in his laboratory.” Experts often recommend that people specialize in one field of work or research to maximize their chances of success. 69 If you look at the careers of Nobel Prize winners, you’ll find that they are unusually likely to be “creative polymaths.” That is, they purposely integrate formal and informal expertise from widely varied disciplines to yield new and useful ideas and practices. There remains one quality that is essential. It is what Leon Lederman (physics, 1988) called “compulsive dedication.” 70 . Take Marie Curie (physics, 1903; chemistry, 1911) and her husband Pierre (physics, 1903). The Curies were assigned a shed with a leaking roof and a dirt floor, where they worked for years, freezing in winter and sweltering in summer. “And yet,” Marie Curie wrote in her biography of her husband, “it was in this miserable old shed that the best and happiest years of our life were spent, entirely dedicated to work.” A．What distinguishes Nobel laureates is passion for their work, work that engages their hearts as well as their heads. B．But early privilege is not essential. C．The typical Nobel laureate in science is a male born into a middle-class family. D．In many Nobel laureates’ autobiographies, they pay tribute to an outstanding mentor. E．In fact, Nobel laureates are mostly down-to-earth and discreet. F．Yet recently published researches indicate that successful innovators take a broader path. IV. Summary Writing(共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Panic Buying Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad? What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too. So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．你知道谁应该为这场严重的事故负责吗? (blame) (汉译英) 73．这是一本如此好的小说，不同的读者可以和里面不同的人物产生共鸣。(Such…that…) (汉译英) 74.正是因为中国企业敢于迎接挑战，不断创新，国货不再受到不公平待遇，反而比进口商品更具竞争优势。(edge) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 75．尽管这次的暴风雨与我之后所遇到的相比不值一提，但却给我留下了深刻的印象以至于我下定决心再也不无视父亲给我的任何建议。(resolve) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing(共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是启明中学高二学生李明。你的笔友约翰近日发邮件和你说，他拟使用数字化学习工具来辅助完成作业，想听取你的意见。请回复电子邮件给笔友，内容须包含： 1. 对此做法的态度； 2. 结合个人经历给出你的理由。 (文章中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名) Dear John, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$