高二英语开学摸底考（北京专用）-2024-2025学年高中下学期开学摸底考试卷

2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英语·参考答案 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A C B C D A B C D B 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 11、 how 12．that 13．With 14．have been explored 15．when 16．Higher 17．leaving 18．so 19．is banned 20．feeding 第二部分 阅读理解(共19小题,每小题2分，共38 分) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 C A B C B C D A C A 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 D A D A F B D E G 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 40． A generation gap is the differences between two or more generations’ ideas, attitudes, and interests. 41． In the family 42． If Jack’ parents discuss with him where to spend their summer vacation, they use the “one-way” style of communication.把one-way改为two-way。因为更好的家庭沟通方式是“双向”交流方式。 43．In order to bridge the generation gap, in addition to better communication, we can also continuously learn from each other, discover their strengths, give timely praise, and let them experience your care and appreciation. 第二节 (20 分) Dear Jim, Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it. To begin with, saving water is very important. The water that we wash our faces can be reused, which is a kind of good resource to water flowers. What’s more, that remember to keep the light off when we leave the room is also a must. It can not only save energy but also save our pockets. Above all, the awareness of saving energy is vital to everyone and the earth. So reminding people around us of saving energy and developing a good habit play a role in protecting our planet.    I hope my ideas are useful to your survey. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$■ 2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（北京专用) 英语·答题卡 ■ ◆ 姓名： ■ 准考证号 记 条 码粘贴处 ■ ■ 准考证号 ■ ■ 注流布项 0 0 0 1,答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清 2.请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的条码粘贴处]的方柜 内 3 3.选择题必须使用B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须用0.5 4 4 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5 4.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的 ■ 答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 6 6 6 6 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 8 8 8 8 6.填涂样例正确■铝误下-Ⅱ1【×刘 ■ 9 9 9 0 9 ■ ■ 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第-节（供10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） ■ ■ 1.[A][B][C1[D] 6.[A][B][C]ID] ■ 2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[AJ[B][C][D] 3.[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D] ■ 4.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 第二节供10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分) 11. 12 13 14 ■ 16 18 19 20. 17 ■ ■ 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） ■ 21.[A][B1[C][DJ26[A][B][C][D]31[A][B][CJ[D]35.[A][B][C1[D][E][F1[G] 22.[A][B][C][D]27.[A][B][C][D]32.[A][B][C][D]36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] ■ 23.[A][B][c][D]28.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D]37.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] ◆ 24.[A][B][C][DJ29.A][B][C][D]34[AJ[B][CJ[D]38.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] ■ 25[A][B][C][D]30.[A][B][C][D] 39.[AJ[B][C][D][E][F][G] 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（满分12分） 40. ■ (2分) 41 (2分) 42 (3分) 43 ■ (5分) 第二节（满分20分） ■ Dear Jim, ■ ■ Yours, Li Hua 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区城的答案无效！ 2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 2、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My brother and I were driving home together and became absorbed in a conversation. Because of this 1 , my brother took a wrong turn. Unfortunately, the wrong turn took us towards a bridge and we had no way to turn back. Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brother paid the bridge toll and drove on. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the 2 waste of $4. We eventually reached an exit slip-way and, as we took it, my brother noticed a car that stopped by the roadside. A young guy was standing nearby, looking anxious. I was busy trying to 3 which way we went next but my brother pulled over and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a(n) 4 tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench to get it off. My brother gave him a wrench, then proceeded to help him change the flat. The young man said that this had been a(n) 5 week for him: earlier he had gotten into a minor car accident, and now this flat on his way home from work. He kept thanking us because he really would have been 6 if we hadn’t come along. After we had finished the job, he pulled out $20 to give to us. “No,” I said. “We were never 7   to even get on that bridge. We took a wrong turn. But now we know why we did. It was to help you. Thank you for turning our mistake into an opportunity to 8 .” What I loved most was watching my brother throughout this process. He was able to see a chance to help (which I totally missed! ) even in an otherwise 9 situation. It can only come from a calm mind and a(n) 10 heart. 1．A．distraction B．challenge C．hesitation D．trouble 2．A．priceless B．countless C．needless D．useless 3．A．debate on B．figure out C．put forward D．deal with 4．A．spare B．missing C．flat D．unusual 5．A．exciting B．inspiring C．normal D．bad 6．A．stuck B．injured C．lost D．tricked 7．A．allowed B．supposed C．recommended D．chosen 8．A．learn B．trade C．serve D．work 9．A．complex B．negative C．desperate D．dangerous 10．A．brave B．simple C．heavy D．open 【参考答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和哥哥开车拐错了弯，却在途中帮助了一个陌生人的故事。 【详情解析】 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这种分心，我哥哥拐错了弯。A. distraction分心；B. challenge挑战；C. hesitation犹豫；D. trouble麻烦。根据上文中的“My brother and I were driving home together and became absorbed in a conversation.”可知，作者与开车的哥哥聊天导致拐错了弯，由此可知，此处指的是“分心”符合语境。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个错误和不必要的4美元浪费感到沮丧。A. priceless无价的；B. countless无数的；C. needless不必要的；D. useless没用的。根据语境以及上文中的“Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brother paid the bridge toll and drove on.”可知，作者与哥哥拐错弯而付了过桥费，由此可知，此处指“不必要的”符合语境。故选C项。 3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我正忙着弄清楚下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥把车停在路边，问那个人是否需要帮助。A. debate on争辩；B. figure out弄清楚；C. put forward提出；D. deal with处理。根据语境和上文中的“We eventually reached an exit slip-way”与下文中的“which way we went next”可知，在作者与哥哥开车拐错弯后到达一个出口，作者应是忙着“弄清楚”该走哪条路。故选B项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的轮胎瘪了，需要一个扳手才能把它弄下来。A. spare空闲的；B. missing丢失的；C. flat瘪的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据下文中的“and now this flat on his way home from work.”可知，此处指的是他的车胎“瘪的”符合语境。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人说这一周对他来说很糟糕：早些时候他出了一场小车祸，现在又在下班回家的路上轮胎瘪了。A. exciting令人激动的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. normal正常的；D. bad坏的，糟糕的。根据下文中的“earlier he had gotten into a minor car accident, and now this flat on his way home from work.”可知，这个年轻人早些时间出了一场小车祸，现在轮胎又瘪了，所以此处指的是“糟糕的”一周。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不停地感谢我们，因为如果我们不来，他真的会被困在这里。A. stuck困住；B. injured受伤；C. lost迷失；D. tricked欺骗。根据上文中的“He had a(n) ___4___ tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench to get it off.”可知，这个年轻人的车胎撒了气，需要一个扳手把轮胎卸下来，由此可知，此处指的是如果作者他们不来，他会被“困”在这里。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至都不应该上那座桥。A. allowed允许；B. supposed假定，预想；C. recommended推荐；D. chosen选择。根据上文中的“Because of this ___1___ , my brother took a wrong turn.”可知，哥哥开车拐错了弯，由此可推断，此处指的是不“应该”上那座桥，be supposed to意为“应该”。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：感谢你们把我们的错误变成了为你服务的机会。A. learn学习；B. trade交易；C. serve服务；D. work工作。根据上文中的“We took a wrong turn. But now we know why we did. It was to help you.”可知，作者和哥哥因为转错弯才上了桥，遇到了这位需要帮助的年轻人，这个错误让他们有机会帮助他人，由此可知，此处指的是“为他人服务”符合语境。故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是在消极的情况下。A. complex复杂的；B. negative负面的；C. desperate绝望的；D. dangerous危险的。根据上文中的“We took a wrong turn. But now we know why we did. It was to help you. Thank you for turning our mistake into an opportunity to ___8___ .””可知，作者与哥哥拐错了弯，遇到了一个需要帮助的年轻人，哥哥把自己的不利境遇转换成一个帮助他人的机会，由此可知，此处应指的是“负面的”符合语境。故选B项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它只能来自于冷静的头脑和开放的心灵。A. brave勇敢的；B. simple简单的；C. heavy重的；D. open思想开明的。根据上文中的“He was able to see a chance to help (which I totally missed! ) even in an otherwise ___9___ situation.”可知，作者的哥哥把不利的境遇转换成为帮助他人的机会，结合空前的“a calm mind”可知，此处应为“开放的”符合语境。故选D项。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。 A New research into EQ and IQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ. While your IQ tells you 11 intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. According to Professor Salovey, at work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted. It is generally believed 12 people with high EQ are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. They are also less likely to be troubled by problems. Also most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do 13 education — improving a person’s EQ, especially in terms of “people skills”. 【参考答案】11．how 12．that 13．with 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智商和情商的作用以及两者之间的关系，智商说明你多聪明，情商说明怎样更好地运用智商。一个人的成功更多的在于他的情商。 【详情解析】 11．考查宾语从句。句意：智商表明你到底有多聪明，而情商表明你如何善用智慧。设空处引导名词性从句作tell的宾语，设空处修饰形容词intelligent，表示“多么”，用连接副词how。故填how。 12．考查名词性从句。句意：人们普遍认为，情商高的人容易接纳新思想，对待生活积极乐观。句子分析可知，此句为固定句型“It is generally believed tha…(人们普遍认为……)”，句中it作形式主语，that引导的名词性从句为真正主语，that在从句中不作语法成分，无词汇意义，因此设空处填连接词that构成主语从句。故填that。 13．考查介词。句意：大多数社会学家也认为，情商与教育有很大关系——提高一个人的情商，尤其是在“人际交往能力”方面。固定搭配have...to do with意为“与...有关”，have a lot to do with表示“与……有很大关系”符合句意，设空处填介词with。故填with。 B Over the past several decades, many different benefits of humor 14 (explore). Few people know that humor plays an important role in social interactions with peers, and ultimately in school success. School entry is the time 15 parents fade into the background and social interaction with peers becomes increasingly important. The use of humour that is socially acceptable leads to a lower likelihood of being bullied, while the use of self-disparaging (自贬的) humour leads to a 16 (high) likelihood of being bullied. 【参考答案】14．have been explored 15．when 16．higher 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几十年里，幽默探索带来了许多不同的好处。 【详情解析】 14．考查名词。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多不同的幽默的好处已经被探索。此处作谓语动词，与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由Over the past several decades可知，应用现在完成时，主语many different benefits of humor是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been explored。 15．考查定语从句。句意：入学是父母逐渐退居幕后的时期，与同龄人的社会交往变得越来越重要。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 16．考查形容词比较级。句意：使用被社会接受的幽默会降低被欺负的可能性，而使用自我贬低的幽默则会增加被欺负的可能性。根据句意以及前面a lower likelihood和连词while可知，此处为形容词比较级形式higher“更高的”，和前面的lower形成对比。故填higher。 C Sarek’s mountains used to be covered by vast sheets of ice. Around 9,000 years ago, this ice melted, 17 (leave) behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. Getting here is quite difficult, 18 apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development 19 (ban) within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer 20 (feed) on grass. 【参考答案】17．leaving 18．so 19．is banned 20．feeding 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了沙瑞克被设立为国家公园的历史和特色。 【详情解析】 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：大约9000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100个冰川。分析句子结构可知leave与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填leaving。 18．考查连词。句意：到达这里非常困难，所以除了萨米人，很少有人见过沙瑞克。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，表示“所以”应用连词so。故填so。 19．考查时态语态。句意：虽然萨米人被允许在公园里继续他们的传统生活方式，但其他人不能住在这里，而且在公园边界内禁止任何新的开发。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文“Though the Sami are allowed”可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为all new development，谓语用单数。故填is banned。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：不远处，有几只在吃草的驯鹿。分析句子结构可知feed与逻辑主语reindeer构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填feeding。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 2023 Illustration(插画) Competition Welcome to enter for the Communication Arts Illustration Competition, most respected and admired in the industry for creativity in illustration. Each winner will receive a professionalized Award of Excellence, a trophy (奖杯) and a certificate. This award is one of the most desired awards. If chosen, winning will place you in the highest position of your industry.What To Enter With Any illustration first published or produced from Jan. 2023 to Jan. 2024 is qualified. Entries may originate from any country. Descriptions in English are necessary for the judges to read.Entries Can Be Submitted (提交) In The Following Formats Digital Images: RGB images in JPG format with a maximum file size of 2 MB．GIF images may be livelier, but would be turned down, and so would the PNG ones. Dlustration Competition Categories & Entry Fees Category Single illustration Series of illustration Books (covers, jackets, etc.) $40 $80 (limit of 5) Motions (media for films, videos, etc) $90 $180 (limit of 3) Student Work $20 (Image) $45 (Video) $40 (limit of 5) $90 (limit of 3) For more categories, please download the category PDF. Late Fees Entries must be registered no later than Jan. 13,2024. Entries registered after that date will be charged a fee of $ 10 each. No entries can be registered after Jan. 27, 2024. 21．What will the winner get? A．A tailor-made award certificate. B．A chance for overseas study. C．Widely accepted in the industry. D．Prize money from Communication Arts. 22．Which of the following is qualified for the competition? A．An image with 1MB JPG format. B．A motion published within 2 years. C．A series for jackets of 10 illustrations. D．A student work without English introduction. 23．How much should be charged for a series of four cover illustrations submitted on Jan.25,2024? A．$ 80. B．$ 120. C．$ 110. D．$ 90. 【参考答案】21．C 22．A 23．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则2023插画比赛的通告，介绍了参赛要求以及收费等信息。 【详情解析】 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“If chosen, winning places you in the highest ranks of your profession.(如果被选中，获胜将使你在你的职业中处于最高的地位)”可知，比赛的获奖者可以在本专业处于最高级别，即获胜者会得到在业界的广泛认可。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Any illustration first published or produced from Jan. 2023 to Jan. 2024 is qualified. Entries may originate from any country. Descriptions in English are necessary for the judges to read.(任何在2023年1月至2024年1月期间首次出版或制作的插图都是合格的。参赛作品可以来自任何国家。英文描述是评委必须阅读的。)”和第三段“Digital Images: RGB images in JPG format with a maximum file size of 2 MB. (数字图像：JPG格式的RGB图像，最大文件大小为2MB。)”和表格“Books (covers, jackets, etc.) $ 80 (limit of 5)(书籍(封面、护套等) $ 80(限5个))”可知，一张1MB JPG格式的图片适合比赛。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据表格Books (covers, jackets, interiors, etc.)部分中Series of illustrations（上限5个）收费为80美元”以及最后一段“Entries must be registered no later than Jan. 13,2024. Entries registered after that date will be charged a fee of $ 10 each. (参赛作品必须在2024年1月13日之前注册。在此日期之后报名的作品将被收取10美元的费用)”可知，2024年1月25日提交的四张封面插图需要支付80+4×10=120美元。故选B。 B A 12-year-old girl from Miller Middle School in San Jose has won the top prize with $25, 000 in a science fair. Her invention is a new fire detection system that can faster detect(探测) the heat sources. It’s also cheaper and more reliable than smoke detectors. In the summer of 2022, a restaurant behind Shanya’s house was burned to the ground. Since then, Shanya’s mother became increasingly cautious about the stove in the kitchen. It wasn’t that the restaurant didn’t have smoke detectors, but they require there is a significant amount of smoke first, which can sometimes mean a fire has already started and gotten out of control. This incident inspired her to create a fire detection system to help people suffer less loss from fires. One day, Shanya discovered that thermal cameras can detect heat loss in homes during winter months. She wondered if these cameras could also spot house fires more quickly than traditional smoke detectors. Shanya connected an affordable thermal camera to a tiny computer. She programmed her system to differentiate between people—which were identified as warm moving objects—and heat sources, such as a turned-on gas burner, which were identified as hot objects that remained still. The system can send a text message when it detects a fire but no human presence for a continuous 10-minute period. Shanya conducted multiple trials at various times of day and with people entering the camera’s view from different directions. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% of the time and heat sources 97% of the time. Shanya determined that the best place for the detector would be on the wall above the stove but under the stove range—this allowed its sensors to have clear access to the most likely locations where a fire might start in a kitchen. After her victory, the 12-year-old has said she wants to refine the device by combining it with a smartphone app. The app will allow users to quickly switch over to a camera after receiving a text message so they can see if the alert is correct. 24．Why did Shanya invent the new fire detection system? A．To compete in the science fair. B．To relieve her anxiety about fire. C．To help reduce people’s fire loss. D．To market it for mass production. 25．When the kitchen is on fire, Shanya’s fire detection system can ________. A．find out heat sources B．give a fire alarm C．record the burning process D．identify different people 26．To make the detection system more accurate, Shanya ________. A．tested all kinds of sensors B．placed it on the ceiling C．conducted some experiments D．combined it with an app 27．According to the passage, which can best describe Shanya? A．Outgoing and smart. B．Helpful and generous. C．Modest and determined. D．Creative and hardworking. 【参考答案】24．C 25．B 26．C 27．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是一个12岁的小女孩Shanya发明的火灾探测系统在一次科学展览中获得了最高奖。 【详情解析】 24．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This incident inspired her to create a fire detection system to help people suffer less loss from fires.(这件事激发了她的灵感，让她发明了一套火灾探测系统，帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失。)”可知，她发明了一套火灾探测系统以帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失，由此可知，Shanya发明火灾探测系统是为了帮助减少火灾损失。故选C项。 25．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The system can send a text message when it detects a fire but no human presence for a continuous 10-minute period.(当系统检测到火灾，但连续10分钟没有人在场时，它可以发送一条短信。)”可知，系统探测到火灾但连续10分钟没人在场便会发送一条短信，由此可知，系统探测到火灾后会发出警示。故选B项。 26．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Shanya conducted multiple trials at various times of day and with people entering the camera’s view from different directions. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% of the time and heat sources 97% of the time.(Shanya在一天中的不同时间进行了多次试验，人们从不同的方向进入相机的视野。最后，善雅的系统在98%的时间里准确地检测到人的存在，在97%的时间里准确地检测到热源。)”可知，Shanya在一天中不同的时间，不同的方向进行多次试验，最后她的系统在98%的时间里准确测到人的存在，在97%的时间里能测到热源，由此可知，为提高该系统的准确性，Shanya做了很多实验。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据第二段的“This incident inspired her to create a fire detection system to help people suffer less loss from fires.(这件事激发了她的灵感，让她发明了一套火灾探测系统，帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失。)”可知，Shanya在事故的激发下，发明了一套火灾探测系统，说明她很有创造力；根据第五段中的“Shanya conducted multiple trials at various times of day and with people entering the camera’s view from different directions. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% of the time and heat sources 97% of the time.(Shanya在一天中的不同时间进行了多次试验，人们从不同的方向进入相机的视野。最后，善雅的系统在98%的时间里准确地检测到人的存在，在97%的时间里准确地检测到热源。)”可知，Shanya在一天中不同的时间，不同的方向进行多次试验，最后她的系统在98%的时间里准确测到人的存在，在97%的时间里能测到热源，由此可知，为提高该系统的准确性，Shanya做了很多实验，由此可知她非常地勤奋，综合以上信息可知，Shanya是一个有创造力且勤奋的人。故选D项。 C We often take sleep for granted, but not getting enough shut-eye can increase our risk for many serious health issues such as poor mental health, heart problems or even early death. The ideal bedroom temperature for people to fall asleep is relatively cold — between 17 to 20℃. A drop in our core body temperature is essential for us falling and staying asleep because it stimulates sleepiness. Obradovich and his colleagues found unusually warm temperatures had the largest effect on people’s bedtime duration by delaying falling asleep. Short sleep durations were the worst during the summertime and among the elderly, probably because they have more difficulty regulating their body temperature. The team also found warmer locations experienced the most sleep loss, suggesting people’s bodies haven’t adapted to their geographic location. Lower income countries are also heavily affected, which Obradovich supposes could be because of a lack of air-conditioning. But he plans to investigate further. Data show global warming also will have the biggest sleep loss in the Middle East, southeast Asia and Australia. By the end of the 21st century, people in the warmest regions are expected to lose another three nights of sleep per year due to higher nighttime temperatures. Obradovich said his team’s findings could help communities or policymakers better improve the sleep environment for people, such as helping to cool bedrooms more effectively. On an individual level, Robbins, a physician at Harvard Medical School, said people also need to practice generally good sleep behavior. For instance, reducing screen time 15 to 20 minutes before falling asleep as the blue lights from cellphones or computers can work like the sun and throw off our body clock. She suggested meditation (冥想) before bed can significantly help people relax, making it easier for people to fall asleep. “There’s still belief that ‘I’ll sleep when I’m dead’ kind of attitude towards sleep,” Robbins said. “There’s so much work to be done to improve our collective view of sleep.” 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Temperature affects sleep duration. B．Global warming improves sleep quality. C．Sleep loss leads to serious health problems. D．Sleep quality influences attitude towards life. 29．From Paragraph 3, we can know that __________. A．those in the warmer regions can well adapt to the temperature B．the elderly suffer from sleep loss due to their sickness C．it is harder to fall asleep in warmer temperature D．unusual warmth contributes to earlier wake-up 30．What does Robbins intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A．People should pay more attention to sleep. B．People have different attitudes towards sleep. C．Scientists will solve the problem of sleep loss. D．Scientists should help to improve humans’ sleep quality. 【参考答案】28．A 29．C 30．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了温度对睡眠持续时间的影响。 【详情解析】 28．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“The ideal bedroom temperature for people to fall asleep is relatively cold — between 17 to 20℃. A drop in our core body temperature is essential for us falling and staying asleep because it stimulates sleepiness. (人们入睡的理想卧室温度相对较低——在17到20摄氏度之间。核心体温的下降对我们入睡和保持睡眠至关重要，因为它会刺激睡意。)”根据第三段“Obradovich and his colleagues found unusually warm temperatures had the largest effect on people’s bedtime duration by delaying falling asleep.”（奥布拉多维奇和他的同事们发现，异常温暖的气温对人们的就寝时间影响最大，会推迟入睡时间。）可知，这篇文章的主旨是温度对睡眠时间的影响。故选A项。 29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Obradovich and his colleagues found unusually warm temperatures had the largest effect on people’s bedtime duration by delaying falling asleep. Short sleep durations were the worst during the summertime and among the elderly, probably because they have more difficulty regulating their body temperature. The team also found warmer locations experienced the most sleep loss, suggesting people’s bodies haven’t adapted to their geographic location. (Obradovich和他的同事们发现，异常温暖的气温对人们的就寝时间影响最大，会推迟入睡时间。睡眠时间短的情况在夏季和老年人中最为严重，这可能是因为他们更难调节体温。研究小组还发现，在较温暖的地区，人们的睡眠损失最多，这表明人们的身体还没有适应他们的地理位置。)”等内容可知，在温暖的温度下更难入睡。故选C项。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段Robbins所说“There’s still belief that ‘I’ll sleep when I’m dead’ kind of attitude towards sleep.(人们仍然相信‘我死后自然会睡觉’这种对待睡眠的态度。)”和“There’s so much work to be done to improve our collective view of sleep. (要改善我们对睡眠的集体看法，还有很多工作要做。)”可知，许多人对于睡眠问题并不重视，Robbins打算告诉人们应该更加重视睡眠问题。故选A项。 D To learn to think is to learn to question. Those who don’t question never truly think for themselves. These are simple rules that have governed the advancement of science and human thought. Advancements are made when thinkers question theories and introduce new ones. Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought. Aristotle was a brilliant philosopher whose theories explained much of the natural world, often incorrectly. He was so respected by the scientific community that even 1,200years after his death, scientists were still trying to build upon his mistakes rather than correct them. Brilliant minds can intimidate up and coming thinkers who are not confident of their abilities. They often believe they are not as good as the minds of giants such as Aristotle. leading many to accept current ideas instead of questioning them. I like many thinkers of the past, once believed in my mental weakness. I didn’t question what was written on those pages. I respected them, and accepted whatever they told me. But that attitude soon changed. My mind’s independence was first developed in the classroom. A 65-year-old science teacher once told me that light is a type of wave. I confidently believed that light is a wave. One day, however, I heard the German exchange student mentioned that light could be made up of particles(粒子). As the others laughed at his statement (陈述), I started to question my beliefs. Maybe the teachers and textbooks hadn’t given me the whole story. I went to the library, did some research and learned of the light-as-a-wave vs light-as-a-particle debate. I realized I had gone through life accepting only half of the story as the whole truth. Each new year brought more new facts, and I had even more questions. I found myself in the library after school, trying to find my own answers to gain a more complete understanding of what I thought I already knew. Even textbooks can be challenged. I learned to question my sources, I learned to be a thinker. Questions are said to be the path to truth, and I plan to continue questioning. How many things do we know for sure today that we will question in the future? I know nothing can escape the gravity of a black hole. This knowledge may change in the next 20 years. The one thing we can control now is our openness to discovery. Questions are the tools of open minds, and open minds are the key to intellectual advancement. 31．In the first paragraph, Aristotle is taken as an example to show that __________. A．he is the greatest and respected philosopher of all time B．advancements are made when thinkers question theories C．great thinkers often make mistakes and then correct them D．huge influence of great thinkers may block human thought 32．What does the underlined word “intimidate” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Frighten. B．Encourage. C．Strengthen. D．Disappoint. 33．We can conclude from the last paragraph that __________. A．the author is not quite sure about his future B．we human beings don’t dare to predict future C．the theory of black holes will be true forever D．questioning is necessary to promote advancement 34．According to the passage, the author __________. A．determines to be a thinker and questioner B．always throws himself into the laboratory C．looks down upon great thinkers all the time D．never doubts what he has learned in the textbook 【参考答案】31．D 32．A 33．D 34．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。主要强调了质疑对智力成长和知识进步的重要性。作者从对于光的本质的了解开始，讲述了自己认识到质疑重要性的个人经历。通过研究和独立探索，作者学会了不盲目接受信息。这种态度使作者对事物有了更深刻的理解。 【详情解析】 31．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought.”（不幸的是，往往是那些伟大的、受人尊敬的思想家最终延缓了人类思想的进步。）可知作者用亚里士多德的例子是为了表明伟大的思想家的巨大影响可能会阻碍人们的想法。故选D项。 32．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“...who are not confident of their abilities. They often believe they are not as good as the minds of giants such as Aristotle, leading many to accept current ideas instead of questioning them.”（那些对自己的能力不自信的后起之秀，他们往往认为自己不如亚里士多德等思想巨人，导致许多人接受当前的思想，而不是对其提出质疑。）可推知这些新人对自己能力不自信，因此不敢提出挑战、质疑伟大思想家的思想，最后选择接受。A.Frighten使害怕；B.Encourage鼓励；C.Strengthen增强；D.Disappoint使失望。结合语境可知，这些信任不敢质疑伟大思想家的思想，因此A项Frighten“使害怕”符合语境。故选A项。 33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Questions are the tools of open minds, and open minds are the key to intellectual advancement.”（质疑是开放思想的工具，而开放思想是知识进步的关键。）可推知最后一段说明了质疑是促进进步的必要条件。故选D项。 34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I learned to question my sources, I learned to be a thinker.”（我学会了质疑我的资料来源，我学会了做一个思考者。）可知作者决定成为一个善于思考和质疑的人。故选A项。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 35 In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks we can learn to improve patience. 36 . Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive. 37 “Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience. We’ll take it! You should make yourself wait. Immediate gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks. 38 Wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. It is important to accept the uncomfortable. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate (容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. 39 You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A．You’d better find the causes. B．You’d better practise gratitude. C．All this adds up to a state of relaxation. D．It can also help us practise more patience. E．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend. F．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience. G．But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience. 【参考答案】35．F 36．B 37．D 38．E 39．G 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助我们练习耐心。 【详情解析】 35．根据上文内容“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个。)”以及下文“However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off.(然而，研究表明，如果我们练习耐心，我们的情况会好得多。)”可知，空处应该提到耐心。选项F“They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.(在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心。)”既承接上文，回答了上文的问题；同时也引出本文的主题。故选F。 36．根据空后的“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更积极。)”可知，空处指的是练习耐心的第一个技巧是感恩。选项B“You’d better practise gratitude.(你最好学会感恩。)”与下文内容一致，指的是我们要学会感恩。故选B。 37．根据下文内容““Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience.(加利福尼亚大学的研究人员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”一个简单的感恩练习可以帮助我们练习耐心。)”可知，感激练习可以帮助我们练习耐心。选项D“It can also help us practise more patience.(它也可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。)”与下文内容一致，指的是感恩练习可以帮助我们练习耐心。故选D。 38．根据空前内容“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks.(我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习。从小任务开始。)”可知，作者认为学会等待的方法就是练习，从小任务开始练习。选项E“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend.(把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末看。)”与上文内容一致，指的是从小任务开始练习等待。故选E。 39．根据上文“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate (容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能忍受的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们就会对环境失去耐心。)”可知，我们一旦不舒适就会对环境失去耐心。而空后“You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.”(你应该学会对自己说：“这只是不舒服，不是无法忍受。”)”可知，我们需要接受不舒服。选项G“But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience.(但是我们需要适应不舒服的环境，这样才能发展得更好。)”承上启下，承接上文的不舒服环境，同时引出下文我们要学会接受不舒服的环境。故选G。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 People from different generations often live and work together. Sometimes they’re happy being together, other times they’re not. One of the reasons for their unhappiness maybe a generation gap. A generation gap is the difference between two or more generations—not the differences between their years but the differences between the generations’ ideas, attitudes, and interests. Of course, people can have differences and still be happy together, but according to the experts, communication between the generations helps everyone get along. Good communication between the generations starts in the family. These days many families are changing their communication style. They are moving from a “one-way” style to a “two-way” style of communication. To show this change, let’s compare two families: The Smith family uses the “one-way” style of communication. Mr. and Mrs. Smith show interest in their children, but they don’t discuss problems of feelings. The parents make all the rules and decisions. They don’t ask for their children’s opinions. They explain their decisions to their children, but they don’t discuss them. The explanation is clear and the children understand. The communication goes one way: from the parents to the children. The Jones family uses the “two-way” style of communication. Mr. and Mrs. Jones show interest in their children and ask for their opinions. They discuss problems and express their feelings. The family makes rules and decisions together after a discussion. The communication goes two ways: from parents to children and from children to parents. Better communication between generations at home means better communication between generations at work and in the community. When people from different generations understand each other better, they learn from each other more. This helps them form stronger bonds, work together more easily. As a result, people of all ages can team up effectively and come up with new ideas in different parts of life. 40．What is a generation gap? 41．Where does good communication between the generations begin? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. If Jack’ parents discuss with him where to spend their summer vacation, they use the “one-way” style of communication. 43．To bridge the generation gaps, what other suggestions would you make besides better communication? (In about 40 words) 【参考答案】 40． A generation gap is the differences between two or more generations’ ideas, attitudes, and interests. 41． In the family 42． If Jack’ parents discuss with him where to spend their summer vacation, they use the “one-way” style of communication.把one-way改为two-way。因为更好的家庭沟通方式是“双向”交流方式。 43．In order to bridge the generation gap, in addition to better communication, we can also continuously learn from each other, discover their strengths, give timely praise, and let them experience your care and appreciation. 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍家庭交流可以有效缩小代沟。 【详情解析】 40．细节理解题。根据第一段“A generation gap is the difference between two or more generations—not the differences between their years but the differences between the generations’ ideas, attitudes, and interests. (代沟是指两代或两代以上人之间的差异——不是他们年龄之间的差异，而是几代人的想法、态度和兴趣之间的差异。)”可知，代沟是指两代或两代以上人之间的想法、态度和兴趣之间的差异。故填A generation gap is the differences between two or more generations’ ideas, attitudes, and interests. 41．细节理解题。根据第二段“Good communication between the generations starts in the family. (几代人之间的良好沟通始于家庭。)”可知，几代人之间的良好沟通始于家庭。故填In the family。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段“Good communication between the generations starts in the family. These days many families are changing their communication style. They are moving from a “one-way” style to a “two-way” style of communication. (几代人之间的良好沟通始于家庭。如今，许多家庭正在改变他们的沟通方式。他们正在从“单向”交流方式转变为“双向”交流方式。)”可知，更好的家庭沟通方式是“双向”交流方式。If Jack’ parents discuss with him where to spend their summer vacation, they use the “one-way” style of communication.把one-way改为two-way。故答案为If Jack’ parents discuss with him where to spend their summer vacation, they use the “one-way” style of communication.把one-way改为two-way。 43．开放性试题。为了弥补代沟，除了更好的沟通之外，我们还可以从对方身上不断地学习，学习并发现对方的优点，及时给与表扬，让对方体会到你的关心和欣赏。故答案为In order to bridge the generation gap, in addition to better communication, we can also continuously learn from each other, discover their strengths, give timely praise, and let them experience your care and appreciation. 第二节 (20 分) 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在做主题为“节约能源”的相关调研，发邮件询问你在日常生活中是如何节约能源的。请给Jim回复邮件，内容如下： 1.你在节约能源方面的做法； 2.你对节约能源的看法。 注意：1.词数：不少于100； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考答案】 Dear Jim, Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it. To begin with, saving water is very important. The water that we wash our faces can be reused, which is a kind of good resource to water flowers. What’s more, that remember to keep the light off when we leave the room is also a must. It can not only save energy but also save our pockets. Above all, the awareness of saving energy is vital to everyone and the earth. So reminding people around us of saving energy and developing a good habit play a role in protecting our planet.   I hope my ideas are useful to your survey. Yours, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生给Jim回信并告诉他自己在生活中节约能源的做法和自己的看法。 【详情解析】1.词汇积累 首先：to begin with→ to start with/first of all 其次：what’s more→ besides/moreover 最重要的：above all→ most importantly 起作用：play a role in→ play a part in 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it. 拓展句：Because I know that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are doing a research about energy saving, I’d like to tell you something that I do in my daily life and my ideas about it.（运用了非谓语动词作原因状语） 【高分句型2】The water that we wash our faces can be reused, which is a kind of good resource to water flowers.（运用了非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型3】What’s more, that remember to keep the light off when we leave the room is also a must.（运用了主语从句） 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$■ 2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英语·答题卡 ■ 姓名： ■ 准考证号 考记 条码粘贴处 ■ 准考证号 ■ ■ 注意事项 ■ 0 1,答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考正号码填写清 1 楚。 2.请将准考证条粘贴在右怕的条码粘处的方相 ■ 2 3 3 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选必须用05 4 4 毫兴黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5 4.请按题号颜序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的 5 答案无效，在草纸，试卷上作答无效。 ■ 6 6 5.保尉特卡面清洁。不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 7 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 6.填涂样例正确■错误【一-[Ⅱ灯 ■ 9 9 ■ ■ 第部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） ■ 1.[A][B][C][D] 6[A][B][C][D] 2[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D] ■ 3[A][B][C][DJ 8[A][B][C][D] ■ 4.[A][B][C][D] 9[A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D 1o[A1[B][C][D] 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 11. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ■ ■ 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） ■ 21.[A1[B][C][D]26.[A][B][C][D]31[A1[B][C][D]35[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 22[A][B][C][D]27.[AJ[B][C][D]32.[A][B][C][D]36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] ■ 23.[A][B1[C][D]28.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D]37.LA][B][C][DJ[E][F][G] 24[A][B][C][D]29.[A1[B][C][D]34.[A][B][C][D138.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 25[AJ[B][C][D]30.[AJ[B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E][F1[G] ■ ■ 第三部分书面表达（共辆节，32分） 第一节 (满分12分) ■ 40 ■ (2分) 41 (2分) · 42 (3分) 43 (5分) 第二节（满粉20分） Dear Jim, ■ ■ ■ Yours, LiHua 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 2025届高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（北京专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 2、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My brother and I were driving home together and became absorbed in a conversation. Because of this 1 , my brother took a wrong turn. Unfortunately, the wrong turn took us towards a bridge and we had no way to turn back. Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brother paid the bridge toll and drove on. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the 2 waste of $4. We eventually reached an exit slip-way and, as we took it, my brother noticed a car that stopped by the roadside. A young guy was standing nearby, looking anxious. I was busy trying to 3 which way we went next but my brother pulled over and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a(n) 4 tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench to get it off. My brother gave him a wrench, then proceeded to help him change the flat. The young man said that this had been a(n) 5 week for him: earlier he had gotten into a minor car accident, and now this flat on his way home from work. He kept thanking us because he really would have been 6 if we hadn’t come along. After we had finished the job, he pulled out $20 to give to us. “No,” I said. “We were never 7   to even get on that bridge. We took a wrong turn. But now we know why we did. It was to help you. Thank you for turning our mistake into an opportunity to 8 .” What I loved most was watching my brother throughout this process. He was able to see a chance to help (which I totally missed! ) even in an otherwise 9 situation. It can only come from a calm mind and a(n) 10 heart. 1．A．distraction B．challenge C．hesitation D．trouble 2．A．priceless B．countless C．needless D．useless 3．A．debate on B．figure out C．put forward D．deal with 4．A．spare B．missing C．flat D．unusual 5．A．exciting B．inspiring C．normal D．bad 6．A．stuck B．injured C．lost D．tricked 7．A．allowed B．supposed C．recommended D．chosen 8．A．learn B．trade C．serve D．work 9．A．complex B．negative C．desperate D．dangerous 10．A．brave B．simple C．heavy D．open 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。 A New research into EQ and IQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ. While your IQ tells you 11 intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. According to Professor Salovey, at work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted. It is generally believed 12 people with high EQ are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. They are also less likely to be troubled by problems. Also most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do 13 education — improving a person’s EQ, especially in terms of “people skills”. B Over the past several decades, many different benefits of humor 14 (explore). Few people know that humor plays an important role in social interactions with peers, and ultimately in school success. School entry is the time 15 parents fade into the background and social interaction with peers becomes increasingly important. The use of humour that is socially acceptable leads to a lower likelihood of being bullied, while the use of self-disparaging (自贬的) humour leads to a 16 (high) likelihood of being bullied. C Sarek’s mountains used to be covered by vast sheets of ice. Around 9,000 years ago, this ice melted, 17 (leave) behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. Getting here is quite difficult, 18 apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development 19 (ban) within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer 20 (feed) on grass. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 2023 Illustration(插画) Competition Welcome to enter for the Communication Arts Illustration Competition, most respected and admired in the industry for creativity in illustration. Each winner will receive a professionalized Award of Excellence, a trophy (奖杯) and a certificate. This award is one of the most desired awards. If chosen, winning will place you in the highest position of your industry.What To Enter With Any illustration first published or produced from Jan. 2023 to Jan. 2024 is qualified. Entries may originate from any country. Descriptions in English are necessary for the judges to read.Entries Can Be Submitted (提交) In The Following Formats Digital Images: RGB images in JPG format with a maximum file size of 2 MB．GIF images may be livelier, but would be turned down, and so would the PNG ones. Dlustration Competition Categories & Entry Fees Category Single illustration Series of illustration Books (covers, jackets, etc.) $40 $80 (limit of 5) Motions (media for films, videos, etc) $90 $180 (limit of 3) Student Work $20 (Image) $45 (Video) $40 (limit of 5) $90 (limit of 3) For more categories, please download the category PDF. Late Fees Entries must be registered no later than Jan. 13,2024. Entries registered after that date will be charged a fee of $ 10 each. No entries can be registered after Jan. 27, 2024. 21．What will the winner get? A．A tailor-made award certificate. B．A chance for overseas study. C．Widely accepted in the industry. D．Prize money from Communication Arts. 22．Which of the following is qualified for the competition? A．An image with 1MB JPG format. B．A motion published within 2 years. C．A series for jackets of 10 illustrations. D．A student work without English introduction. 23．How much should be charged for a series of four cover illustrations submitted on Jan.25,2024? A．$ 80. B．$ 120. C．$ 110. D．$ 90. B A 12-year-old girl from Miller Middle School in San Jose has won the top prize with $25, 000 in a science fair. Her invention is a new fire detection system that can faster detect(探测) the heat sources. It’s also cheaper and more reliable than smoke detectors. In the summer of 2022, a restaurant behind Shanya’s house was burned to the ground. Since then, Shanya’s mother became increasingly cautious about the stove in the kitchen. It wasn’t that the restaurant didn’t have smoke detectors, but they require there is a significant amount of smoke first, which can sometimes mean a fire has already started and gotten out of control. This incident inspired her to create a fire detection system to help people suffer less loss from fires. One day, Shanya discovered that thermal cameras can detect heat loss in homes during winter months. She wondered if these cameras could also spot house fires more quickly than traditional smoke detectors. Shanya connected an affordable thermal camera to a tiny computer. She programmed her system to differentiate between people—which were identified as warm moving objects—and heat sources, such as a turned-on gas burner, which were identified as hot objects that remained still. The system can send a text message when it detects a fire but no human presence for a continuous 10-minute period. Shanya conducted multiple trials at various times of day and with people entering the camera’s view from different directions. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% of the time and heat sources 97% of the time. Shanya determined that the best place for the detector would be on the wall above the stove but under the stove range—this allowed its sensors to have clear access to the most likely locations where a fire might start in a kitchen. After her victory, the 12-year-old has said she wants to refine the device by combining it with a smartphone app. The app will allow users to quickly switch over to a camera after receiving a text message so they can see if the alert is correct. 24．Why did Shanya invent the new fire detection system? A．To compete in the science fair. B．To relieve her anxiety about fire. C．To help reduce people’s fire loss. D．To market it for mass production. 25．When the kitchen is on fire, Shanya’s fire detection system can ________. A．find out heat sources B．give a fire alarm C．record the burning process D．identify different people 26．To make the detection system more accurate, Shanya ________. A．tested all kinds of sensors B．placed it on the ceiling C．conducted some experiments D．combined it with an app 27．According to the passage, which can best describe Shanya? A．Outgoing and smart. B．Helpful and generous. C．Modest and determined. D．Creative and hardworking. C We often take sleep for granted, but not getting enough shut-eye can increase our risk for many serious health issues such as poor mental health, heart problems or even early death. The ideal bedroom temperature for people to fall asleep is relatively cold — between 17 to 20℃. A drop in our core body temperature is essential for us falling and staying asleep because it stimulates sleepiness. Obradovich and his colleagues found unusually warm temperatures had the largest effect on people’s bedtime duration by delaying falling asleep. Short sleep durations were the worst during the summertime and among the elderly, probably because they have more difficulty regulating their body temperature. The team also found warmer locations experienced the most sleep loss, suggesting people’s bodies haven’t adapted to their geographic location. Lower income countries are also heavily affected, which Obradovich supposes could be because of a lack of air-conditioning. But he plans to investigate further. Data show global warming also will have the biggest sleep loss in the Middle East, southeast Asia and Australia. By the end of the 21st century, people in the warmest regions are expected to lose another three nights of sleep per year due to higher nighttime temperatures. Obradovich said his team’s findings could help communities or policymakers better improve the sleep environment for people, such as helping to cool bedrooms more effectively. On an individual level, Robbins, a physician at Harvard Medical School, said people also need to practice generally good sleep behavior. For instance, reducing screen time 15 to 20 minutes before falling asleep as the blue lights from cellphones or computers can work like the sun and throw off our body clock. She suggested meditation (冥想) before bed can significantly help people relax, making it easier for people to fall asleep. “There’s still belief that ‘I’ll sleep when I’m dead’ kind of attitude towards sleep,” Robbins said. “There’s so much work to be done to improve our collective view of sleep.” 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Temperature affects sleep duration. B．Global warming improves sleep quality. C．Sleep loss leads to serious health problems. D．Sleep quality influences attitude towards life. 29．From Paragraph 3, we can know that __________. A．those in the warmer regions can well adapt to the temperature B．the elderly suffer from sleep loss due to their sickness C．it is harder to fall asleep in warmer temperature D．unusual warmth contributes to earlier wake-up 30．What does Robbins intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A．People should pay more attention to sleep. B．People have different attitudes towards sleep. C．Scientists will solve the problem of sleep loss. D．Scientists should help to improve humans’ sleep quality. D To learn to think is to learn to question. Those who don’t question never truly think for themselves. These are simple rules that have governed the advancement of science and human thought. Advancements are made when thinkers question theories and introduce new ones. Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought. Aristotle was a brilliant philosopher whose theories explained much of the natural world, often incorrectly. He was so respected by the scientific community that even 1,200years after his death, scientists were still trying to build upon his mistakes rather than correct them. Brilliant minds can intimidate up and coming thinkers who are not confident of their abilities. They often believe they are not as good as the minds of giants such as Aristotle. leading many to accept current ideas instead of questioning them. I like many thinkers of the past, once believed in my mental weakness. I didn’t question what was written on those pages. I respected them, and accepted whatever they told me. But that attitude soon changed. My mind’s independence was first developed in the classroom. A 65-year-old science teacher once told me that light is a type of wave. I confidently believed that light is a wave. One day, however, I heard the German exchange student mentioned that light could be made up of particles(粒子). As the others laughed at his statement (陈述), I started to question my beliefs. Maybe the teachers and textbooks hadn’t given me the whole story. I went to the library, did some research and learned of the light-as-a-wave vs light-as-a-particle debate. I realized I had gone through life accepting only half of the story as the whole truth. Each new year brought more new facts, and I had even more questions. I found myself in the library after school, trying to find my own answers to gain a more complete understanding of what I thought I already knew. Even textbooks can be challenged. I learned to question my sources, I learned to be a thinker. Questions are said to be the path to truth, and I plan to continue questioning. How many things do we know for sure today that we will question in the future? I know nothing can escape the gravity of a black hole. This knowledge may change in the next 20 years. The one thing we can control now is our openness to discovery. Questions are the tools of open minds, and open minds are the key to intellectual advancement. 31．In the first paragraph, Aristotle is taken as an example to show that __________. A．he is the greatest and respected philosopher of all time B．advancements are made when thinkers question theories C．great thinkers often make mistakes and then correct them D．huge influence of great thinkers may block human thought 32．What does the underlined word “intimidate” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Frighten. B．Encourage. C．Strengthen. D．Disappoint. 33．We can conclude from the last paragraph that __________. A．the author is not quite sure about his future B．we human beings don’t dare to predict future C．the theory of black holes will be true forever D．questioning is necessary to promote advancement 34．According to the passage, the author __________. A．determines to be a thinker and questioner B．always throws himself into the laboratory C．looks down upon great thinkers all the time D．never doubts what he has learned in the textbook 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 35 In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks we can learn to improve patience. 36 . Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more positive. 37 “Showing thankfulness can develop self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience. We’ll take it! You should make yourself wait. Immediate gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practise. Start with small tasks. 38 Wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. It is important to accept the uncomfortable. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate (容忍), and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. 39 You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A．You’d better find the causes. B．You’d better practise gratitude. C．All this adds up to a state of relaxation. D．It can also help us practise more patience. E．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend. F．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience. G．But we need to become comfortable with the uncomfortable to develop a little more patience. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 People from different generations often live and work together. Sometimes they’re happy being together, other times they’re not. One of the reasons for their unhappiness maybe a generation gap. A generation gap is the difference between two or more generations—not the differences between their years but the differences between the generations’ ideas, attitudes, and interests. Of course, people can have differences and still be happy together, but according to the experts, communication between the generations helps everyone get along. Good communication between the generations starts in the family. These days many families are changing their communication style. They are moving from a “one-way” style to a “two-way” style of communication. To show this change, let’s compare two families: The Smith family uses the “one-way” style of communication. Mr. and Mrs. Smith show interest in their children, but they don’t discuss problems of feelings. The parents make all the rules and decisions. They don’t ask for their children’s opinions. They explain their decisions to their children, but they don’t discuss them. The explanation is clear and the children understand. The communication goes one way: from the parents to the children. The Jones family uses the “two-way” style of communication. Mr. and Mrs. Jones show interest in their children and ask for their opinions. They discuss problems and express their feelings. The family makes rules and decisions together after a discussion. The communication goes two ways: from parents to children and from children to parents. Better communication between generations at home means better communication between generations at work and in the community. When people from different generations understand each other better, they learn from each other more. This helps them form stronger bonds, work together more easily. As a result, people of all ages can team up effectively and come up with new ideas in different parts of life. 40．What is a generation gap? 41．Where does good communication between the generations begin? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. If Jack’ parents discuss with him where to spend their summer vacation, they use the “one-way” style of communication. 43．To bridge the generation gaps, what other suggestions would you make besides better communication? (In about 40 words) 第二节 (20 分) 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在做主题为“节约能源”的相关调研，发邮件询问你在日常生活中是如何节约能源的。请给Jim回复邮件，内容如下： 1.你在节约能源方面的做法； 2.你对节约能源的看法。 注意：1.词数：不少于100； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$